EP0702655A1

EP0702655A1 - Selective refuse sorting device for vertical disposal chutes

Info

Publication number: EP0702655A1
Application number: EP95900163A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Marc Descours
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1993-10-27
Filing date: 1994-10-27
Publication date: 1996-03-27
Also published as: FR2711703A1; WO1995011845A1; FR2711703B1

Abstract

A selective refuse sorting device for vertical disposal chutes. Each refuse disposal hatch assembly (300) comprises as many chambers (321) as there are categories of refuse to be sorted. In one embodiment, each hatch assembly comprises one hatch (3) for each chamber (321), and in an alternative embodiment, each hatch assembly (300) has a single hatch and each user has a partitioned tub with a pivotable bottom wall wherein each compartment is aligned with a chamber (321) for the same category of refuse. Furthermore, a pivotable chute (4) directs each type refuse into a corresponding bin (5), weighing scales (14) are provided under each of the bins (5), the chute (4) may be replaced by a skip conveyor travelling along a rail, and the shaft (1) may be provided with a fixed bottom wall skip to limit noise and pollution in the shaft (1). The main advantage of said device is that users need not wait before disposing of refuse in the device.

Description

'' SELECTIVE SORTING OF HABITAT WASTE

VERTICAL "

The present invention relates to a device for selective sorting of household waste in vertical housing. In current practice, the devices for evacuating household waste into the vertical habitat, more generally called garbage chute, are essentially designed to allow the descent, by gravity, of the waste produced on the floors, into garbage containers arranged in ground floor or basement of buildings. These devices dispose of loose garbage and today there are not yet practical empty garbage for sorting waste by category.

It should be noted that these devices generally comprise a nearly vertical duct, to which are connected introductory airlocks provided with doors, the assembly consisting of an airlock and a door being also called a drain. Regardless of the fact that the majority of these existing devices are only intended for mixed garbage, they generate odor and acoustic nuisances which currently tend to have them excluded from the construction of new buildings. The need to provide for a selective sorting of household waste in the vertical habitat has already been the subject of certain documents which claim devices requiring on the part of the user a prior choice, on a keyboards with push buttons, of the product which 'he wants to introduce it, then wait for the installation to become available for the product category he has selected, so that the access door can be opened. If the user wants to dispose of several categories of waste simultaneously, he must wait between each category until the device has completed a cycle, taking into account that only one airlock is provided for all types of waste. (This peculiarity means that the dry products to be recycled can be soiled by a dirty introduction hatch, having previously received a dirty and sticky product, such as fermentable waste). The above constraints risk slowing the development of such devices, because a user must be able to get rid, without waiting, of the product which he wishes to throw away, failing which he will not accept to wait near a vacuum door junk blocked by an automatic device, and will give up doing selective sorting that it will consider too restrictive and incompatible with its timetable obligations (It is often before leaving for work that the user takes his bag with him of waste to deposit it in the garbage can or in the bins located at the foot of the building). In addition, these devices generally include either rotating chutes at the base of the vertical product fall pipes, or trays

REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) revolving carrying bins, said chutes or revolving trays being oriented by an appropriate automation, so that the receiving tank corresponding to the selected product comes to be placed under the base of the vertical garbage chute, in order to receive the waste for which it was planned. These chutes, or turntables, can only distribute the products in bins arranged along the circumference of a circle, which can prove annoying in certain premises that are too small.

The present invention therefore intends to propose a selective sorting device which is always free of access for users, and provided at its base with means which can direct the waste in bins arranged according to the space available in the existing premises, even if these are narrow and low in ceiling.

According to a variant of the invention, the device is provided with a skip intended to limit the height of free fall of the products in the vertical duct, to also limit the fouling of said vertical duct and the noise due to the falling of objects heavy, as well as ensuring easy cleaning and disinfection of said skip.

To do this, the invention is a device for selective sorting of waste, for vertical housing, characterized in that it comprises, on each floor of the building or in each apartment, a drain having as many access airlocks that there are products to be sorted, in that, according to a first embodiment of the invention, each of these airlocks is provided with an external door clearly comprising an acronym, a color or an ideogram allowing the user to choose, without risk of error, the airlock corresponding to the product from which he wishes to get rid or, according to a second embodiment of the invention, a single access door to all the airlocks of the same drain is provided and the user has a compartmentalized container having as many compartments as categories of products to be sorted, in that the said compartments are clearly marked with colors or markers characterizing the category of waste assigned to each compartment, the so-called co compartments being arranged so that they each coincide with the airlock corresponding to the category of waste specific to the said compartment, in that the vertical refuse chute is provided at its base with a pendulum chute which can be rotated in any position, or a transhipment skip on a monorail and in that, according to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the vertical duct of the device can be provided with a skip with a non-opening bottom which tumbles to turn over and empty in a position inclined favorable to the emptying of the contained product and also in a suitable position to be washed and disinfected by a retractable high pressure cleaning head. The device is also characterized in that it is automatically managed by a central automated system based on programmable automatons, which manages and optimizes not only the operation of the selective sorting device itself but also the filling of the waste reception bins, as well as the washing and disinfection cycles. The description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawings, for explanatory purposes and in no way limiting, makes it possible to better understand the aims, characteristics and advantages of the invention. Now the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIGURE 1: Represents a general principle diagram of the device, comprising outlets which are connected to the vertical duct by inclined troughs, the said vertical duct being equipped, at its base, with a pendular trough which can be oriented in any position. FIGURE 2: Represent a perspective view of the pendulum chute and its means of orientation and position control.

FIGURE 3: Represents a schematic diagram of the open bottom transhipment skip, which allows products sorted by users to be distributed in bins placed in a basement with low ceilings. FIGURE 4: Shows a simplified partial vertical sectional view of the top of the transporter skip object of FIG. 3, to show the means of suspension and weighing of the said skip on a monorail and the principle of its translation motorization. FIGURE 5: Represent a partial schematic vertical section of the base of the skip object of Figure 3, to explain the principle of its lower opening pa- a helmet hatch.

FIGURE 6: Represent a schematic vertical section of one of the airlocks of a drain connected to an inclined chute leading to the vertical garbage chute. FIGURE 7: Is a front view, according to the arrow "F" visible in Figure 6, of a drain having three air locks according to Figure 6.

FIGURE 8: Represents a perspective view of a basket, with an opening bottom, intended to allow a user to select, at his home, his different waste, said basket being designed to adapt to the particular drain visible in FIG. 0 below.

FIGURE 9: is an end view and in elevation of the basket object of Figure 8, showing how its bottom opens, said bottom being shown in the open position. FIGURE 10: Is a vertical section of a drain adapted to receive the basket object of Figures 8 and 9 above, said drain being equipped with a single door giving simultaneous access to all the airlocks of introduction of the same drain.

FIGURE 11: Is a schematic vertical section of a device comprising a skip in its vertical duct.

FIGURE 12: Is a partial vertical section of the base of the vertical duct shown in figure 11 above, showing in more detail the organization of the skip visible in this same figure 11.

FIGURE 13: Is a partial vertical section of the same part of the vertical pipe object of figure 12, but seen according to a vertical section plane perpendicular to that of figure 12.

FIGURE 14: Is a horizontal section of the vertical duct visible, in particular, in Figure 13, and made along the section plane AA visible in this figure

13. FIGURE 15: Is a diagram explaining how, the object skip of Figures 12 and 13 above, is positioned on a fixed stop thanks to its open bearing stop, and how it can pivot to turn thanks to these two stops .

FIGURE 16: Is a horizontal section of the skip visible, in particular in FIG. 12 and made according to the horizontal cutting plane BB visible in said FIG. 12.

FIGURE 17: Is a perspective view of a variant of the basket visible in Figure 8, characterized in that this variant has a basket whose bottom is not opening, it is the top of the basket which opens and which serves as a cover in the filling position in the user's kitchen. On the other hand, this same cover serves as an emptying hatch when the basket is installed on the floor drain by the user who turns it over on said drain.

FIGURE 18: Is an end view of the handle and transport handle of the basket object of figure 17. FIGURE 19: Is a partial median section of the basket object of figure 17.

Said section being given to show the arrangement of the articulation of the handle on the lid and the body of the basket.

FIGURE 20: Is an elevational view of the basket object of Figure 17, shown in the inverted position, its cover being opened for emptying. FIGURE 21: Is a diagram explaining the fixing of the basket, object of the figure

17, on a wall or a kitchen cabinet, the cover of said basket being in the closed position.

FIGURE 22: Is a diagram explaining the fixing of the basket, object of the figure 17, on a wall or a kitchen cabinet, the lid of said basket being in the open position.

FIGURE 23: Is a perspective view of the basket object of Figure 17, the handle being shown in the transport position. FIGURE 24: Is a schematic sectional view of a drain on which is disposed by an articulated hooking a basket according to Figure 17, before the basket is returned by the user.

FIGURE 25: Is a schematic sectional view of a drain on which is disposed a basket according to Figure 17, after it has returned to the emptying position and the cover having been opened.

In FIG. 1, we find: A vertical duct 1, troughs 2, drains 300 comprising access doors 3 and airlocks 321, a pendulum trough 4, tanks 5, a sewer connection 6, an automation unit 10, a position detector 11, position markers 12, automation links 13 and weighing plates 14.

The duct 1 is made of cast iron, stainless steel, Fibrocement or technical plastic, its section is circular, rectangular or square. The troughs 2 are connected at an angle of at least 45 degrees to the duct 1 and are produced in the same way as the duct 1. The drains 300, the doors 3, as well as the airlocks 321, will be described with reference to the figures 6, 7 and 10. The pendulum chute 4 will be described with reference to FIG. 2. The bins 5 are commercial waste bins, the capacity of which is adapted to the quantity of each category of waste normally produced by users between two public waste collections. These trays 5 are shown in frustoconical shape, they can also have all the usual shapes produced by the various suppliers, including being mounted on casters. The sewer connection 6 is a vertical tube of large section sealed to the ground and connected to the public wastewater network by a siphon not shown. Its upper part has a flared, funnel-shaped shape to promote the flow of the washing water from the skip 7 (in the case of the "variant" solution object of FIG. 11). The automation unit 10 contains one or more programmable automats which ensure the complete operation of the device and the management of the waste bins 5. This automation will be described later in the "operation" chapter. The position detector 11 is only shown in a single copy, but, in fact, there will be as many as there are trays 5. It is a so-called proximity detector which can be magnetic or photoelectric or simply mechanical contact. Its role is to confirm the position of the chute 4 to the automated system. positions 12 are the same number as the position detectors 11 and depending on the type of detector chosen are permanent magnets or masses of soft iron or mirrors or mechanical cams. The automation links 13 are measurement or control cables adapted to the currents or signals that they must transmit. The weighing plates 14 are of a shape adapted to the shape of the support polygon of the tanks 5 and have a surface comprising indentations arranged to keep the tanks 5 in position. These weighing plates 14 are very thin and their periphery is in gentle slope so that the trays 5 can be slid or rolled there easily. (These weighing plates could also be embedded in the ground, for greater ease of installation of the tanks 5). These weighing plates 14 are held on the ground by seals or by screws and dowels, and at precise and fixed locations. They comprise, between their points of support on the ground and their upper face of the weighing members (strain gauges, magnetic load cells etc.) which deliver to the automation analog signals proportional to the mass supported by the plates 14.

In Figure 2 we find: The vertical duct 1 interrupted upwards, the position detectors 11, the position markers 12, the automation links 13, a cylindrical part 40 interrupted downwards, a conical part 41, a axis 42, two axes 43, a cylindrical part 44, two pierced yokes 45, a crown 46, a crown 47, two ball joints 100, two cylinders 101, screws 450, a crown 1000 and spherical stops 1010.

The duct 1 is the lower end of the duct 1 described with reference to FIG. 1. The position detectors 11 are described with regard to FIG. 1. The position marks 11 are described with regard to FIG. 1. The cylindrical part 40 is of the same diameter as the duct 1, its length, interrupted in this drawing, is sufficient for each tank 5, as well as the drain 6, to be served without the height of fall of the products in the tanks 5 or the drain 6 is too large. The conical part 41 is a hollow truncated cone, the smallest base of which has the same diameter as the cylindrical part 40 and the largest base of which has the same diameter as the cylindrical part 44. The cylindrical part 40, the conical part 41 and the cylindrical part 44 constitute a single rigid assembly welded, glued or sheet metal, or even stamped. The axis 42 is the only one visible in this view, but a second axis 42 is located symmetrically in the background. Both axes 42 are cylindrical and integral with the crown 46 and pass through the wall of the cylindrical part 44 in bores (not marked) of diameter slightly greater than that of the axes 42, so that they can rotate therein freely. Circlips (not shown) prevent the axes 42 from disengaging from the cylindrical part 44. The axes 43 are identical to the axes 42, they are integral with the duct 1 and pass through bores (not marked) in the crown 46 where they are free to turn. Circlips (not shown) prevent the axes 43 from disengaging from the crown 46. The axes 42 are coaxial with the same diameter of the cylindrical part 44 and the axes 43 are coaxial with the same diameter of the crown 46, these two diameters being in the same horizontal plane and perpendicular to each other. The pierced yokes 45 are produced by machining in a steel block or are forged. They have the shape of a clamp for fixing by clamping on the cylindrical part 44 thanks to the screws 450 which act in the manner of a clamp. It can thus be seen that these pierced yokes 45 can be fixed at any point on the circumference of the conical part 44. each of its drilled yokes 45 is pierced with a hole, not marked, of a diameter sufficient for the cylinders 101 can pass freely and also take a pronounced inclination without risk of jamming. Only two pierced yokes 45 are shown in this figure, but they will, in fact, be of a number equal to the number of positions that the cylindrical part 40 must occupy (ie the total number of trays 5 to be served). The crown 46 is made of strong rolled and welded stainless steel sheet or is turned in turn in a cylinder of the same metal. Its diameter is intermediate between that of the cylindrical part 44 and that of the duct 1. It can be seen that the assembly formed by the cylindrical part 44 the axes 42 and 43, the crown 46 and the duct 1, is a universal joint which allows to the cylindrical part 40 to occupy all the possible positions inside a truncated cone determined by the maximum clearance of this universal joint (limited to a cone of 90 degrees of angle at the top so that the cylindrical part 40 forms an angle of 45 degrees maximum, on the horizontal, so as not to compromise the flow of waste to the tanks 5). The crown 47 is made of rolled and welded sheet metal, it is fixed in space and is carried by seals not shown. It carries the position detectors 11 at precise locations which make it possible to check the position occupied by the cylindrical part 40 with respect to the position controlled by the automation 10. The ball-joint yokes 100 are the same number and arranged opposite the yokes 45 and they are fixed on the crown 1000 in the same way that the pierced yokes are on the cylindrical part 44. The ball joints 100 are provided with an axis comprising a spherical part on which a suitable spherical bearing is mounted which carries the rear part of the jacks 101. The jacks 101 are either electric pneumatic or hydraulic, they are controlled by the automation 10 from which they receive positioning orders. They exert their force reciprocally between a pierced yoke 45 and a ball joint yoke 100, these two yokes being in the same vertical plane. It can be seen that, depending on the position occupied by each jack 101, the cylindrical part 40 can occupy any position. The screws 450 make it possible to pinch the pierced yokes 45 or the ball joints 100 respectively on the cylindrical part 44 or on the crown 1000. The crown 1000 is made of rolled and welded sheet steel, it is fixed in space and can take support on the duct 1 by horizontal bars not shown or be integral with the masonry of the room where the tanks 5 are stationed, by seals or other equivalent means. The spherical stops 1010 are of a diameter much greater than that of the holes provided in the drilled yokes 45 and they are fixed on the unidentified rods of the jacks 101, at precise points which can be adjusted in position to give the cylindrical part. 40 the desired inclination. The fixing of these spherical stops 1010 on the rods of the cylinders 101 can be obtained by screwing or pinning or other equivalent means. Only one of the jacks 101 is actuated at a time, the other jacks 101 then being as shown in FIG. 2. In FIG. 3, there is: A ceiling 01 shown in vertical section and interrupted, the lower part of the conduit 1 shown interrupted towards the top, an automation cable 013, a monorail 02 shown interrupted, a skip 04, a gear motor group 041, a carriage 0410, a load cell 04110, a jack 042, a yoke 0421, a joint 0422, an axis 0431 , a hatch 043, the tanks 5, the sewer connection 6, a pipe 092 and a nozzle 093.

The ceiling 01 is that of the room, generally located in the basement, in which the tanks 5 are stored. The duct 1 is the lower part of the duct 1 already described, in particular, with reference to FIG. 1. Cable 013 is a multi-conductor electrical cable that encloses the power and control circuits. It is a flexible cable which is mounted on slides, not marked, under which it hangs in garlands, so that this cable can accompany the skip in its movement. The monorail 02 is a classic commercial monorail which is securely fixed under the ceiling 01 by seals. It follows a route which can have a rectilinear or sinuous shape exactly overhanging the arrangement of the tanks 5 and the connection to the sewer 6 depending on the configuration of the space available in the room where these materials are located. The skip 04 is a substantially parallelepiped container whose upper part is flared on one side, cantilevered, so that it can receive the waste coming from the duct 1. It is made of stainless steel sheet or reinforced plastic and it is hung under the monorail 02 by the carriage 0410 motorized by the gear motor group 041 as is well known for this type of material. The load cell 04110 is identical to the load cells 14 already described with reference to FIG. 1, it is inserted between the carriage 0410 and the skip 04 so that the mass of waste contained in the skip 04 is transmitted to the automation 10. The cylinder 042 is preferably electric, it has integrated limit switch contacts which limit its elongation and which are not shown. It is articulated between the clevis 0421 and the articulation 0422. The clevis 0421 is fixed on the body of the skip 04. The articulation 0422 is integral with the hatch 043. The hatch 043 has substantially the shape of a quarter of a cylinder hollow closed at the ends, it is made of stainless steel sheet and it is articulated on the axes 0431. This hatch 043 is well known in the mining industry under the name of helmet hatch, reputed to have an operation safe, even in a polluting environment. The axis 0431 is fixed on the body of the skip 04. There are, in fact, two axes 0431, the second being in the background. We see that, in this figure 3, the skip 04 is represented in two different places. There is of course only one skip 04. The representation of this one, in gray on the left of the figure, makes it possible to understand how the skip 04 can receive the waste coming from the conduit 1, the position on the right , in clear, represents the skip, hatch 043 open, for the emptying of waste in one of the trays 5. We thus understand how the helmet hatch 043 works. The height of the skip 04 is such that the skip can circulate under the monorail 02, without hitting the tanks 5. The tanks 5 and the sewer connection 6 are already described with reference to FIG. 1. Line 092 is connected to a washing and disinfection water circuit, under pressure, supplied by a valve, not shown, the opening of which depends on the automation 10. This valve can only open if the skip 04 is above the drain connection 6. The nozzle 093 has a design such that its spraying of liquid reaches the total internal surface of the skip 04. Position detectors and position marks similar in principle to the detectors and marks 11 and 12 .described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 , are provided, but not shown, for so that the automation 10 can control the positioning of the skip

04.

In Figure 4 we find: The monorail 02, seen in section, the skip 04 cut and interrupted downwards, the reduction gear 041, the carriage 0410, two rollers 0411, a cross member 0412 and the load cell 04110.

This figure provides a better understanding of how the skip moves under the monorail 02 and how the .04110 load cell is located.

The crosspiece 0412 is fixed by welding or bolting to the upper part of the side walls of the skip 04. the rollers 411 are adapted to the profile of the monorail 02, one of them is driven by the gear motor 041.

In Figure 5 we find: The skip 04 cut and interrupted upwards, the helmet hatch 043 cut, the two axes 0431 and two reinforcements 044.

This figure makes it easier to understand how the helmet hatch 043 is articulated on the base of the skip 04. The two reinforcements 044 are discs, made of thick stainless steel, intended to receive the fixing of the axes 0431 and are welded or riveted on the lower side wall of the skip 04.

In FIG. 6 we find: the duct 1 shown interrupted, automation links 13, a position detector 16, a jack 17, the chute 2, the drain 300, the door 3 provided with a trough tray 30, a spring pin 31, a flap 32, the airlock body 321, a grid 320, a siphon 3210, a lever 33, a pin 34, a pin 35, a cable 36, a yoke 37, a pin 371, a pin 38, a lever pawl 39, an axis 391, a yoke 392, a pipe 92 and a washing nozzle 93. The pipe 1 is already described as well as the automation connections 13. The position detector 16 is identical to the position detectors 11 already described with reference to FIG. 1, its role here is to check that the door 3 is properly closed, by controlling the position of the trough drawer 30 which is associated therewith. The jack 17 is preferably electric screw, it exerts its force between the axes 34 and 371. The drainer 300 is composed of the following elements: The door 3 which is a conventional garbage container door secured to the trough bin 30 which rocks with her. It is provided at its periphery with an elastomer seal, not shown. The pin 31 is provided with a return spring which returns the door 3 to the closed position after its manual opening. This axis allows the door 3 to articulate on the airlock body 321. The flap 32 is shown in the closed position of the airlock body 321, its section is slightly smaller than the section of this airlock body 321 and an elastomer seal, not shown, is provided on its periphery. The airlock body 321 is made of stainless steel sheet or the same material as the duct 1. It is in the form of a box of parallelepiped shape and is connected to the trough 2 by an unmarked hopper. The grid 320 is arranged as close as possible to the flap 32 so as to allow the excess liquid which may be contained in the fermentable waste to filter, as well as the washing and disinfection water as will be explained below. The grid 320 is made of perforated stainless steel sheet, fixed to an opening cut in the bottom wall of the airlock 321 or is directly made by drilling numerous holes in the wall of the airlock 321 and this in line with the siphon 3210. The siphon 3210 is made of injected plastic or of stainless metal, its upper part is flared and has substantially the same shape as the grid 320 from which it collects drips. Siphon 3210 is connected by pipes, not shown, to the wastewater network on the floor of the building. The lever 33 is integral with the flap 32. The axis 34 is integral with the lever 33. The axis 35 is integral with the airlock body 321 and the assembly formed by the flap 32 and the lever 33 can pivot around this axis 35 A hole made in the upper wall of the airlock body 321, not shown, allows the lever 33 to exit outside the airlock body 321. The cable 36 is made of stainless steel or carbon steel and is fixed between the axes 34 and 38. The yoke 37 is integral with the airlock body 321 on which it is welded or riveted. The axis 371 passes through the yoke 37 and allows the jack 17 to articulate therein during its operation. The pin 38 is integral with the upper end of the lever pawl 39 and serves to attach the cable 36. The lever pawl 39 is cut from thick sheet metal, it is articulated on the yoke 392 by the pin 391 which is integral with it. A spring, not shown, brings the lever pawl 39 back into position if the cable 36 relaxes under the effect of the movement of the lever 33 driven by the jack 17. It can be seen that this lever pawl 39 prevents the door 33 from s' open only if the flap 32, driven by the lever 33, leaves the closed position of the airlock 321 as shown in this figure 3. This arrangement blocks the manual opening of the door 3 only during the brief instant when the flap 32 pivots to let go into the duct 1 the product which will have been previously introduced, by the user, into the trough drawer 30. The duct 92 is connected to the same high pressure circuit as the retractable high pressure washing head 9 described in look at Figure 5 below. A valve, not shown, and controlled by the automation 10 isolates this pipe 92 from the high pressure circuit. The washing nozzle 93 has a shape adapted so that the spraying of liquid under pressure which it dispenses reaches all the internal surface of the volume of the airlock 321 delimited by door 3 and shutter 32. Grid 320, siphon 3210, pipe 92 and washing nozzle 93 exist only on the airlock body 321 specially assigned to the collection of fermentable waste, the others airlocks allocated to dry waste do not. Advantageously, a hot air drying system, not shown, may be provided for drying the interior of the airlock 321, after a washing cycle, as exists on dishwashers.

In Figure 7 we find: Three doors 3, three spring axes 31, three airlock bodies 321 and the chute 2. This Figure 4 shows what can be seen according to the arrow "F" shown in Figure 3. Here three identical assemblies (each formed by a door 3, a spring pin 31 and an airlock 321) are juxtaposed to connect to a single chute 2, in place of the original door of a garbage chute which could be existing . Of course there could be a greater number of airlocks and one could arrange them differently, for example in square, if they are four in number.

In Figure 8 we find: A basket body 03, compartments 031, a foot 032, an axis 033, a movable bottom 034 with a foot 035, two arms 0341 and a handle 0342.

All of the components of the basket can be produced by molding or injection of good quality plastic.

The basket body 03 is molded in one piece with the compartments 031 which are four in number here, but may also be more numerous depending on the needs in categories of waste to be sorted. These compartments 031 are open at the bottom and the lower shape of their vertical partitions is such that there is perfect contact with the inner face of the movable base 034 which has a quarter-circle section whose center point is exactly coincident with the horizontal extension of axis 033. Each compartment 031 is identified by a color, an acronym or an ideogram clearly allowing to know which category of waste the user must deposit there. These marks can in particular be affixed to the upper external part of the vertical faces of the basket 03, opposite each compartment 031. The foot 032 is integral with the basket body 03 and is molded at the same time as the latter. The axis 033 is integral with the basket body 03 (there is a second identical axis located in the background, therefore not visible from this perspective). It can be necked in stainless steel round with a threaded part which screws into a reinforcement boss, not shown, molded with the basket body 03. The movable bottom 034 is molded in one piece with the foot 035 and the two arms 0341. A bore, not shown, of a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the axis 033 is provided at the connection of the arms 0341 and on the side of the movable bottom 034 to allow the articulation of the movable bottom which thus moves along half of a cylinder of revolution whose generators are all located on the wall curved movable bottom 034. The handle 0342 is molded plastic and is secured to the two arms 0341 by screws not shown or by gluing or it can optionally be molded in one piece with the movable bottom 034 and the arms 0341. The basket body 03 has a cover, not shown. In figure 9 we find: The basket body 03, the foot 032, a rounded shape 322, the axis 033, the movable bottom 034, the foot 035 and the arm 0341. This figure represents an elevation of the basket body 03 view facing axis 033. It represents the movable bottom 034 in the fully open position. It can thus be seen that the maneuvering, on a quarter turn, of the arm 0341 causes the rotation of the bottom 034 around the axes 033 by completely opening the bottom of each compartment 031. The rounded shape 0322 is exactly an arc equal to a quarter of a circle whose center point is the axis 033 and the length of the radius very slightly less than the radius of the internal cylindrical face of the movable bottom 034, so that there is a very good seal between the compartments 031 and this bottom 034 and also between compartments 031 between them. In Figure 10 we find: The drain 300, the door 3, the basket body 03 cut, two of the compartments 031 cut, the foot 032, two of the airlocks 321 cut, an enlarged area 03210, a stop 03211, a housing 3212 , an axis 0333, the movable bottom 034 in cross section, an arm 0341, the handle 0342 and the foot 035. In this figure the drain formed by the airlocks 321 has only one door 3, which is articulated on the axis 0333, devoid of return spring, the stop 03211 keeps the door 3 open in the position shown in this figure 10. It can be seen that the user has engaged the body of the basket 03 in the opening of the airlocks 321, and that the leg 032 is engaged in the housing 3211 which has a slightly larger shape so that it easily penetrates there. The enlarged zone 03210 allows the rotation of the movable bottom 034 and the passage of the foot 035. When the user maneuvers, by pulling it towards him, the handle 0342 we understand that the basket body 03 opens completely and lets it flow the waste contained in compartments 031 in the airlocks opposite 321. In case the user would try to position his basket upside down, it would be the foot 035 which would be engaged in the housing 3212 and he could not open the movable bottom 034 which would thus be blocked in the housing 3212. One can advantageously provide on a vertical wall of the basket 03 body a rib corresponding to a groove in the upper part of the drain 300, thus preventing the basket 03 from being put in place in the event of poor presentation by the user.

In Figure 11 we find: The duct 1 which comprises, a little before its lower part, an enlarged area 111 (the lower part of the duct 1, beyond the enlarged area 111 is interrupted), the drains 300, the doors 3 , a Skip 7, a suspension bar 71, an axis 72, a slide 73, an open bearing stop 74, a fixed stop 75, a drum winch 8, a cable 81, a high pressure retractable washing head 9 comprising at the end of its movable part a high pressure rotary nozzle 91, the automation unit 10, the automation connection lines 13, position detectors 15, a position detector 151 and two load cells 152.

The duct 1 is already described with reference to FIG. 1, except with regard to the enlarged area 111 which has an arcuate shape to allow the skip 7 to turn around there as will be described later. The drains 300 and the doors 3 conform to the description made with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 or to FIG. 10 and constitute the front faces of assemblies identical to those described with regard to FIG. 7 or 10. The skip 7 is a container resembling a cylindrical bucket turning its opening upwards, of a horizontal section slightly smaller than that of the duct 1, it can be made of stainless metal or reinforced plastic. The suspension bar 71 is made of galvanized steel or stainless steel plate. The axis 72 is integral with the suspension bar 71 and it slides in the slide 73 which is integral with the cylindrical body of the skip 7 and it is arranged along one of its generatrices. The slide 73 is closed at both ends and the axis 72, the construction detail of which will be described further with reference to FIG. 16, cannot escape from it. The skip 7, in this figure 11 is shown simultaneously in three different places. There is, of course, only one skip 7, and it is for a better understanding of the operation that we made this representation. In the high position, in the duct 1, the skip 7 (shown in gray) is awaiting reception of the waste which will come from the upper drain 300. In the low vertical position (shown in white), at the level of the enlarged area 111, the skip 7 is in the position preliminary to its tilting. In the tumbled position (shown in gray) the skip 7 is in emptying and / or cleaning position because it is placed in the axis of movement of the high pressure cleaning head 9. The open bearing stop 74 is secured to the underside of the skip 7 and is cantilevered by relative to its vertical axis. This open bearing stop 74 will be more precisely described with reference to FIG. 15. The fixed stop 75 is a horizontal steel bar which is integral with the side walls of the enlarged zone 111 and situated so that it is located under the vertical of the open bearing stop 74 secured to the skip 7. The winch 8 is a winch similar to that of elevator machinery, with incorporated brake as well as all the automation and other safety devices usually associated with its operation. The cable 81 is a lifting cable suitable for the load to be lifted, it is wound and unwound on the drum winch 8 and it is connected by a terminal not shown to an axis 721 visible in Figures 12 and 13. The high pressure retractable washing head 9 is constituted by a jack which moves a hollow rod comprising a rotary nozzle for high pressure cleaning. This high pressure retractable washing head 9 is supplied with water added with detergent and / or disinfectant, by a high pressure pump, not shown. The automation 10 manages this high pressure retractable washing head 9 as a function of the operating cycles reserved for fermentable waste. The automation unit 10 is already described as well as the automation connection lines 13. The position detectors 15 are identical to the position detectors 11 described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, they are used here to control the position of the skip 7 relative to the position of the doors 3 and their airlock 321, in the duct 1. The position detector 151 is identical to the position detectors 15 and here ensures the control of the tilted position of the skip 7 to authorize the operation of the high pressure cleaning head 9. The load cells 152 are identical to the load cells located under the weighing plates 14 and are intended to give the automated system information on the load of waste contained in the skip 7, to prevent it overflowing.

Figures 12 and 13 showing the same elements along two perpendicular vertical section planes. We will therefore describe the elements represented without distinction of belonging to one or the other of these two figures.

In Figures 12 and 13 we find: The duct 1 interrupted upwards, the enlarged area 111 interrupted to the left, two grooves 112, the skip 7, the two suspension bars 71 (only one was visible in Figure 5) , of them axes 72, a horizontal axis 721, the two slides 73 (only one was visible in FIG. 5), the two open bearing stops 74 (only one was visible in FIG. 5), the fixed stop 75, a flexible joint 76 , the cable 81, a section plane AA and a section plane BB. The duct 1, the enlarged area 111, the skip 7 and the two suspension bars 71, are already described above. The two grooves 112 are arranged vertically, along two opposite generatrices of the duct 1, over its entire height between the enlarged zone 111 and the top of the duct 1, they are hollowed out on the internal wall of the duct 1 as can be seen on the horizontal section AA which is the object of FIG. 8. The two axes 72 will be better described with reference to FIG. 16. The axis 721 is a horizontal cylindrical rod of semi-hard steel which will be better described with reference to FIG. 14. The slide 73 is made of stamped stainless steel sheet, it will be further described with reference to FIG. 16. The open bearing stop 74 will be more precisely described with reference to FIG. 15 as well as the fixed stop 75. The flexible seal 76 is produced by elastomer molding, it is fixed, by gluing or riveting, to the circular periphery of the opening of the skip 7 and its outside diameter is approximately equal to the inside diameter of the duct 1. It c a sort of flexible and flared upward extension of the ferrule of the skip is created and seals between the skip 7 and the duct 1 so that waste may not possibly be introduced into the annular space formed between the circular section of the duct 1 and the cylindrical body of the skip 7. This joint is flexible enough to fade when the suspension bars 71 pass. The cable 81 is already described with reference to FIG. 5. The horizontal axis 721, the two suspension bars 71 and the two axes 72 constitute, in a way, a basket handle of rectangular shape and a height slightly greater than the height of the skip 7, so that, when the axes 72 slide completely down the slides 73, the body of the skip 7 can tumble (as can be seen in FIG. 5), without abutting on the horizontal axis 721.

In FIG. 14 we find: the duct 1, the two grooves 112, the two suspension bars 71 and the axis 721.

The duct 1 is provided with two hollow grooves 112 which are already described with reference to FIG. 13. The axis 721 is engaged at its two ends in the grooves 112 and its length is such that it can slide there without being able to s 'escape. This axis 721 carries the suspension bars 71 which are pierced at their upper part with a bore slightly larger than the diameter of axis 721 so that it can rotate freely there. Circlips not shown prevent the suspension bars 71 from moving on the axis 721. The axis 721 carries in its center a terminal of a known model, but not shown, adapted to retain the cable 81 (visible in the figures 11, 12 and 13).

In FIG. 15 we find: the skip 7 shown interrupted, the open bearing stop 74 pierced with a bore 741 which is open downwards by a first lumen 742 which ends in a flared area 743. The fixed stop 75 is shown cut and fully engaged in the bore 741 of the open bearing stop 74.

The open bearing stop 74, which in fact is in two copies as can be seen in FIG. 13, is produced by cutting from a medium hard commercial steel plate, it is welded under the underside of the skip 7 and in cantilever, as visible in FIG. 12, and vertical to the fixed stop 75, so that, when the skip reaches its lowest vertical position, the open bearing stop 74 engages on the fixed stop 75. The bore 741 has a diameter slightly greater than the diameter of the fixed stop 75, so that the open bearing stop 74 can pivot around the fixed stop 75. The latter is drawn from a cylindrical axis on which two parallel flats 751 and symmetrically opposite with respect to its axis, have been machined by milling. Each of these flats 751 is vertical. The light 742 is slightly wider than the flat width of the fixed stop 75 and the flared area 743 is wide enough at its base to force the open bearing stop 74 to come into engagement exactly on the fixed stop 75 It is thus understood that the open bearing stop 74 can only engage on the fixed stop 75 when the skip is presented vertically when descending. As soon as the open bearing stop 74 is fully engaged on the fixed stop 75 and the cable 81, visible in the previous figures, continues its descent downwards, the skip 7 stops first on the fixed stop, the axes 72 begin to slide down in the slides 73, the horizontal axis 721 continues its descent in the grooves 112 and the skip 7 begins to rock by the effect of gravity of the mass which it contains, the vertical component passes in the vertical axis of the skip 7 and thus creates an overturning torque with respect to the fulcrum represented by the fixed stop 75. The fact that the fixed stop 75 has two flats 751 and that its diameter is slightly less than the diameter of bore 741 prevents skip 7 from disengaging from this fixed stop 75 during its tilting and it can then only disengage from it when the cable 81, by pulling up the axis 721 will have completely straightened the skip 7 in the vertical position.

In FIG. 16 we find: The cut skip 7, the two suspension bars 71, the two axes 72 each comprising a shoulder 722 and the two slides 73 each having the lumen 731 and an enlarged area 732. The slides 73 are produced by stamping of a strong sheet of stainless steel comprising the lumen 731, closed at its upper end and at its lower end. The width of this light 731 is slightly greater than the diameter of the smallest cylindrical part of the axes 72. The shape given to the horizontal section of these slides 73, visible in this FIG. 10, protects the enlarged area 732, free between the wall outer of the ferrule of the skip and the front of the slide 73 which contains the light 731. This enlarged area 732 is of sufficient cross section so that the shoulders 722 of the axes 72 slide there easily, without friction, but cannot escape from it. The slides 73 are integral with the outer wall of the ferrule of the skip 7 on which they are riveted or welded. The height of the slides 73 is slightly less than that of the skip 7. The axes 72 have a cylindrical part, the diameter of which is slightly less than the width of the lights 731. The axes 72 are integral with the lower part of the suspension bars 71 on which they are welded or riveted. It is thus understood that the axes 72 can slide over the total height of the lights 731 without being able to escape therefrom, moreover the skip 7 can rotate around the two axes 72, whatever their position along the height of the lights 731. In Figure 17 we find: a basket body 003, a flat axis 0033, a cover 0034, two springs 00340, two handle branches 00341, a handle 00342, a counter handle 003421, two iinguets 003422, a locking catch 003423 , an open hooking bearing 0036, a domed bottom 0037 and a handle 00371. The basket body 003 is identical, of the same design and purpose as the basket body 03 object of FIG. 8, except as regards the presence of a domed bottom C037, which is fixed and in that it is provided with a cover in the form of a helmet hatch 0034 which, the basket body 003 being turned over, plays the same role as the movable bottom 034 visible on the figure 8. the flat axis 0033 is integral with the body 003, it has a cylindrical part, not identified, as close as possible to the body 003 and a flat part at the right of each handle branch 00341, as will be better explained with reference to FIG. 19. The cover 0034 is in the form of helmet hatch and similar to movable bottom 034 visible in FIG. 8, except that it is not integral with the handle arms 00341 and that it does not have the foot 035. The two springs 00340 are coil springs (for example) which here work in compression and are interposed between the handle 00342 and the counter handle 003421. They are housed in counterbores not identified and arranged opposite in the handle 00342 and the counter handle 003421 as can be seen in FIG. 19. The handle branches 00341 will be better described with reference to Figure 18. They are not integral with the cover 0034. The handle 00342 is cylindrical and secures the two handle branches 00341. The counter handle 003421 is arranged parallel and below the handle 00342. Les Iinguets 003422 are integral with the counter handle 003421 they end at their lower part by a corner adapted to be housed in the locking notch 003423. The two Iinguets 003422 slide in slides, not shown and secured to the handle branches 00341. The locking catch 003423 is secured to the cover 0034 where it is fixed by rivets or other similar means. Its shape is adapted to receive the Iinguets 003422 to secure in rotation the cover 0034 with the assembly formed by the handle 00342, the counter handle 003421, the Iinguets 003422, the springs 00340 and the handle branches 00341. The open bearing of hooking 0036 is integral with the basket body 003 and has a bore opening into an unidentified light. There are in fact two open hooking bearings 0036 each arranged facing the same basket blank. These open hooking bearings 0036 are intended to allow the fixing of the basket body 003 both in the kitchen (see FIG. 21 and 22) and on the drain 300 (visible in particular in FIGS. 24 and 25). The domed bottom 0037 is integral with the basket body 003 and provides a free space under its underside allowing the positioning of the handle 00371. The handle 00371 is substantially identical to the handle 00342 and it forms one body with the basket body 003. In Figure 18 we find: a handle branch 00341, a cylindrical bore 003411, a light 003412, a light 003413 and a counterweight 003414.

The handle branch 00341 is made of rigid molded plastic or metal. The bore 003411 is of a diameter slightly greater than the cylindrical part of the flat axis 0033. The light 003412 is open on the bore 003411 and its width is slightly greater than the dimension on the flats of the flat axis 0033, so that it can accommodate the flat part. Light 003413 opens outwards and goes up to the axis of symmetry of the handle branch 00341. Its width is slightly greater than the diameter of a lug 003424 which will be discussed with reference to Figure 19. The counterweight 003414 is made of heavy metal, it can be, as shown , cylindrical or of any other shape, it is secured to the handle branch 00341 by screwing, gluing or the like. Its role is to keep the handle arms 00341 in a vertical position, when the light 003412 is not engaged on the flats of the flat axis 0033 or the Iinguets 003422 are not engaged in the locking notches 003423, more particularly during the overturning of the basket body 003. In FIG. 19 we find: The basket body 003 in partial section, the flat axis 0033 in section, the cover 0034 in partial section, the spring 00340, the handle branch 00341 in section, light 003413, counterweight 003414, handle 00342, counter handle 003421 in section, latch 003422 in section, locking catch 003423 in section, lug 003424 in section, bore 003425, bottom convex 0037 and the handle 00371.

The basket body 003 is already described with reference to FIG. 17. The flat axis 0033 already mentioned with reference to FIG. 17 is shown in section or one can see its cylindrical part in line with the cover 0034 and its flat part to the right of the handle branch 00341. This flat axis is integral with the basket body 003. The cover 0034 is made of rigid plastic injected for example, it is already described with reference to FIG. 17. This cover 0034 comprises the bore 003425 which allows it to pivot around the cylindrical part of the flat axis 0033. The spring 00340 is already described with reference to FIG. 17, we see more precisely the counterbores located respectively and opposite on the handle 00342 and the counter handle 003421. This spring pushes the counter handle so that the Iinguets 003422 can be held in the locking notches 003423. The handle branch 00341 is already described in re gard of Figure 18. The light 003413 is already described with reference to Figure 18. The counterweight 003414 is already described with regard to Figure 18. The handle 00342 is already described with reference to Figure 17. The counter handle 003421 is already described with reference to FIG. 17 as well as the latch 003422 and the locking catch 003423. The lug 003424 is cylindrical and is integral with the cover 0034. It is arranged so that the light 003413 surrounds it when it there is pivoting of the handle branches 00341 around the flat axis 0033 and thus secures, in a single direction of rotation the cover 0034 and the handle branches 00341. The bore 003425 is drilled in the side wall of the cover 0034, its diameter is slightly greater than the diameter of the cylindrical part of the flat axis 0033. The convex bottom 0037 and the handle 00371 are already described with reference to FIG. 17.

In figure 20 we find: The basket body 003, the flat axis 0033, the cover 0034, the handle branch 00341, the light 003413, the counterweight 003414, the locking catch 003423, the lug 003424 and the open hanging bearing 0036.

The basket body 003 is already described with reference to FIG. 17. The flat axis 0033 is already described with reference to FIGS. 17 and 19. The cover 0034, the handle branch 00341 are described with reference to FIG. 17, the light 003413 is described with reference to FIGS. 18 and 19, the counterweight 003414, the locking catch 003423 are described with regard to FIG. 17 the lug 003424 is described with regard to FIG. 19 it is positioned in the median axis of the cheeks of the covers 0034. The open hooking bearing 0036 is described with reference to FIG. 17.

In FIGS. 21 and 22 we find: The same elements as in FIG. 20 with in addition a partition 1000, a hooking stud 1001, an axis 1002 and a bearing stud 1003. The partition 1000 may be the wall of the kitchen or a wall of furniture under sink for example. The stud 1001 is secured to the partition 1000. The axis 1002 is horizontal and suitable for receiving the open hooking bearing 0036. The support stud 1003 is identical to the stud 1001, but it does not have a horizontal axis 1002 and it serves to wedge the basket body 003 so that it remains vertical. In figure 23 we find: The same elements as in figure 17 plus the light 003412.

This figure is given to show how the handle branch 00341 is locked in rotation on the flat part of the flat axis 0033 under the effect of a vertical pull and how this locking in rotation is maintained as long as the vertical traction is maintained in particular during the transport of basket 003.

In Figure 24 we find: The cover 3, the drain 300, the airlocks 321, the basket body 003, an axis 03212, the cover 0034, the light 003413, the lug 003424 and the open hooking bearing 0036. The cover 3, the drain 300 and the airlocks 321 are described with reference to FIGS. 1, 10 and 11. The basket body 003 is described with reference to FIG. 17. The axis 03212 is horizontal and integral with the drain 300, it plays the same role as the axis 1002 visible in Figures 21 and 22 and allows the rotation of the basket body 003. The cover 0034 is described with reference to FIG. 17, the light 003413 is described with regard to FIG. 18, the lug 003424 is described with regard to FIG. 19 and the open hooking bearing 0036 is described with regard to of FIG. 17. This figure makes it possible to understand how the user hooks his basket body 003 on the drain 300 which constitutes the first phase of turning the basket, its cover 0034 then being closed. In figure 25 we find: The same elements as in figure 24. This figure represents the basket body 003, its cover 0034 having been opened by the user, after the end of rotation of the basket body 003 so that that the products contained cannot escape during the inversion. During this rotation the handle branch 00341 remained vertical until the lug 003424 meets the light 003413 where it comes to lodge in abutment. Then the user exerts a rotary traction on the handle 00342 (not visible in this view) which causes the opening of the cover 0034 as shown in this figure 25.

Operation of the invention:

1) management of tanks 5:

Each weighing plate 14 delivers a signal to the automation which is proportional to the mass it supports. The automation, in its programmable part keeps in memory the residual mass of the bins 5, by a periodic updating carried out by the attendant for monitoring the device, in particular when the latter sets up new empty bins which can be d 'a different model from the previous ones. This storage allows the automation to know if a bin is completely empty. Each type of bin has a maximum mass limit contained according to the expanded density of the particular waste it must contain. This maximum mass is stored in the automation and this for each particular tank. In addition, the automation keeps in mind the maximum mass of waste, of a given category, that can be contained in each airlock of the device assigned to this same category of waste. The automation, before authorizing the emptying of the airlocks assigned to the same waste, checks beforehand that the receiving tank still has enough space available to accept the additional total weight which must arrive there. In the event of insufficiency, the automation will only open the airlocks for a number of these corresponding to the mass remaining to be received in the tank concerned, then it will check, by recurrence, that the maximum mass contained by the tank concerned is not yet reached and it will recalculate again the number of additional airlocks to open and so immediately until the maximum mass is reached (this procedure takes into account the fact that all the airlocks are not filled with the same mass and that some elsewhere can be completely empty). Several bins 5 can be assigned to the same category of waste and the automation will have in memory the allocation of each bins and will pass on the reserve bin when a first bin will be deemed full. The supervisor will be informed by light and sound alarm before the last bin is full, and only by light alarm when a first bin is full and at least one remains. If you forget to change the bin, the automation, while keeping the sound and light alarm in action to alert the attendant, will nevertheless continue to manage the other categories of waste to the extent of the availability of the bins corresponding to them. this. In the case of the variant with ferry skip 4, the automation 10 will check the filling of the skip 4 in the same way as for one of the tanks 5 and will only allow the skip 4 to be emptied into the corresponding tank 5 after having checked that the space available in the corresponding bin 5 was sufficient. In the case of the variant with skip 7, the automated system, thanks to load cells 152, will check the load on skip 7 and will proceed in the same way as for tanks 5, to avoid overshooting its capacity. Then the management of the tanks 5 will take account of the capacity of the skip 7. Note that the load cells 1 f2 can be replaced by a transmitting wattmeter which will deliver a signal proportional to the power restored, by the motor of the winch 8, to the electrical network, (the winch 8 operates in "hypersynchronous", during the descents of skip, it thus restores ia power to the electrical network, as do most of the hoists and well designed elevators).

2 °) Management of the airlocks 321 and of the pendulum chute 4 or of the ferry skip

04_: Each airlock door 3 will have a color and / or inscriptions or ideograms specific to the category of waste to which the corresponding airlock 321 will be assigned.

The user, having previously identified his waste, will open the corresponding door and introduce this waste there. He can simultaneously introduce the other waste he has prepared in the other corresponding airlocks. The automation will only empty the airlocks according to a cyclic program, adjusted according to hourly, daily, weekly, monthly or seasonal cycles, corresponding to the respective production of each type of waste. This airlock emptying will be carried out in compliance with the management of tanks 5, as described above.

The pendulum chute 4 is oriented by the automation 10, towards the container 5 which corresponds to the type of waste that the automation 10 cyclically decides to transfer from the corresponding airlocks 321 to this same corresponding container 5. We have seen, earlier, that the automation was programmed to make its choices of waste categories according to the production profile of each waste category, according to the time of day, day of the week, month and the season. It is indeed likely that the production of fermentable waste is more marked after meal time, and much more intense in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. The production of plastic waste and cardboard paper is more intense at the end of the year celebrations etc. After a few years of experience and depending on the location of the buildings with this type of selective sorting device, we can establish perfectly adapted operating cycles.

In the case of the use of a ferry 04 skip instead of the pendulum chute 4, the operation of the ferry 04 skip follows the same logic. In the case of the use by the user of the basket 03, the operation remains substantially the same, with the exception of the locking of the doors 3 which no longer has any reason for being, on the contrary, the flaps 32 of the airlock 321, of the same drain 300 whose collective door 3 will be open which cannot open until this door 3 is closed. In the case of using the variant 003 basket body, the operation remains identical, only the user must tilt the basket.

4 °) Management of the washing and disinfection cycles of the airlock 321 and the skip 7 or the ferry skip 04: The automation 10 will automatically trigger the washing and disinfection of the airlock 321 assigned to fermentable waste, as soon as the airlock concerned has been empty. The washing and disinfection water will reach the sewers via the siphon 3210. A hot air drying cycle can complete the washing if necessary. The automation 10 will automatically start washing and disinfecting the skip 7, only after the skip has completely completed a cycle assigned to fermentable waste. The high-pressure retractable washing head 9, located in the retracted position and in standby, in the extension of the axis of the skip 7, when the latter is in the "tilted" position, will receive an order from the automation 10, to deploy and penetrate the skip 7, only after the position detector 151 has properly checked that the skip 7 is in this position and also after the automated system 10 has verified that the fermentable waste contained in the skip 7 has indeed been included in the mass of the corresponding tank 5. In addition, the automation 10, before allowing the valve which admits the pressurized liquid to open in the nozzle 91, will check that the pendulum chute 4 is well located vertically from the drainage connection 6, this position being controlled by the fact that none of the position detectors 11 detects another position.

In the case of using the 04 transporter skip, this will go into the washing position, by the automation, each time it has completed a cycle of fermentable waste.

Advantages resulting from the present invention:

- Users, apart from the obligation to sort their waste, have no other additional constraints:

- No choice of push buttons on a keyboard.

- No waiting before being able to introduce a selected waste into the corresponding airlock.

- Possibility, when he goes to the garbage dump, to introduce without waiting all the categories of waste that he will have prepared in the various corresponding airlocks.

- No bad smells due to the fact that the airlocks have a double shutter (by the flap 32 and by the door 3, these two bodies cannot be opened at the same time). - Automatic management of the entire system, including filling of the bins 5, which makes it easier for the attendant to monitor and renew the bins.

-In the variant with 04 transporter skip: this 04 transporter skip allows selective sorting, even in buildings where the ceiling height of the basements is too low to install a pendulum chute 4.

-In the variant with skip 7:

-The noise, due to the fall of heavy objects, is suppressed and the operation is generally quieter than when the waste falls in free fall.

- Line 1 cannot be sa !: by fermentable waste.

- Hygiene is guaranteed by washing and disinfecting the skip and airlocks assigned to fermentable waste, after each cycle assigned to this particular waste. -In the case of using basket 03, the user does his sorting at home where he has all his time to avoid possible errors (a member of the same family can correct the errors of another, as long as the compartments are not full and the basket has not left for emptying). The mobilization time of a drain is minimum since all the compartments 031 of the basket 03 are emptied simultaneously, in one go, in the corresponding airlocks 321.

- In the case of the use of the basket body variant 003, the bottom of this basket being naturally sealed is thus eliminated the risk of leakage from liquid products on the kitchen floor, and moreover the lid prevents the emanation of bad odors. This basket also benefits from easy hanging on the wall of kitchen furniture or on the walls.

Claims

1 °) Garbage disposal device for the selective sorting, by category, of household waste in apartment buildings, comprising a vertical duct (1) going from the upper floors to the basement of each building to end up in a special room , on the ground of which are located, at defined and fixed positions, bins (5) each of which is assigned to a category of waste, the said vertical duct (1) being connected, at the level of each floor or each apartment, with a chute (2) on which a drain (300) is mounted, characterized in that as many airlocks (321), as there are categories of waste to be sorted, are juxtaposed or grouped in the same drain (300), in that each airlock (321) is isolated from the chute (2) by a flap (32) actuated by a jack (17) controlled by an automation (10).

2 °) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the airlocks (321) mounted on the same drain (300), comprises an outer door (3), in that each of the airlocks (321) is assigned to a particular waste , in that the nature of the waste assigned to each airlock (321) is indicated to the user by a color or by an inscription or by an ideogram, specific to this particular type of waste, and clearly affixed on the door (3) of the airlock (321) considered. 3 °) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drain (300), comprises a single external door (3) which gives simultaneous access to all the airlocks (321), in that a basket (03) provided with compartments ( 031), each assigned to a category of waste, and an opening bottom (034) is made available to each user, in that the number, shape and arrangement of the compartments (031) are such that there has as many compartments (031) as there are airlocks (321) on the same drain (300) and that there is continuity, and coincidence of form and position, perfect between each compartment (031), assigned to a particular category of waste, with the airlock (321) assigned to this same category of waste, in that the basket (03) comprises a foot (032) which fits, on the drain (300) in a housing (03211 ) arranged at the top of said drain (300) and in that the release of the opening bottom (034) by the action of the user on a handle (0342) puts in communication, simultaneously during the same maneuver, each compartment (031) assigned to a category of waste, from the same basket (03), with each airlock (321) assigned to the same category of waste from the same drain (300).

4 °) Device according to claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the airlock (321), assigned to the category of fermentable waste, in each drain (300), comprises a high pressure washing and disinfection nozzle (93), supplied by a pipe (92), in that a grid (320) is provided on the lower wall of this airlock (321) and in that a siphon ( 3210), adapted under this grid (320) is connected to the wastewater network. 5 °) Device according to claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that a pendulum chute (4) is installed, at the base of the vertical duct (1) to direct the waste coming from the vertical duct (1) to one of the bins (5) corresponding to the category of waste chosen by the automation (10), in that the pendulum chute (4) is orientable in all directions and at any angle, thanks to a cardan joint formed by two axes (42), two axes (43) and a crown (46), under the action of jacks (101) which receive their command from the automation (10), in that the orientation orders coming from the automation (10) are confirmed at the same automation (10) by position detectors (11) actuated by position markers (12), in that the jacks (101) each exert their force between a pierced yoke (045) and a ball joint (100) which are each in the same number as there are jacks (101), in that the ball joints (100) are fixed, by pinching like clamps, on a rigid crown (1000), fixed in space, in that the pierced yokes (045) are fixed, by pinching like clamps, on a cylindrical part (44) integral a conical part (41) itself integral with a cylindrical part (40). 6 °) Device according to claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that a skip (04) moves under a monorail (02) sealed under the ceiling (01) of the special room where the tanks are stored (5), that the skip (04) has an opening bottom provided with a helmet hatch (043), in that this hatch (043) is controlled by a jack (042), in that the shape of the monorail (02) makes it possible to position the skip (04) successively under the base of the duct (1) then, vertically with each tank (5) and a drainage connection (6) above which is located, at the ceiling from the room, a high pressure washing nozzle (093) supplied by a pipe (092), in that the skip (04) is hung under the monorail (02) thanks to a trolley (0410) fitted with rollers ( 0411) driven by a motor (041) and in that a load cell (04110), interposed between the skip (04) and the carriage (0410) transmits to the automation (10) an analog signal representative of the mass of waste s contained in the skip (04).

7 °) Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each container (5) is placed on a weighing plate (14) located on the floor of the room where the containers are located (5), in that that each weighing pan (14) is fitted with a load cell which sends an analog signal to the automation (10) representative of the mass of waste contained in the corresponding bin (5). 8 °) Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the vertical duct (1) is provided with a skip (7) with non-opening bottom, in that the duct (1) is provided, in the lower part, an enlarged zone (111) whose shape in an arc allows the skip (7) to partially turn over there to empty, in that the skip (7) is moved and turned over by a cable (81) which is wound on a drum winch (8) mounted on load cells (152) which deliver to the automation (10) an analog signal representative of the mass of waste contained in the skip (7), that the load cells (152) can be replaced by a wattmetric relay mounted on the power circuit of the drum winch motor (8), the said wattmetric relay delivering to the automation (10) a signal proportional to the power called or restored on the electrical network, thus giving a signal which is the image of the load lifted or retained by the drum winch (8 ) and in that position detectors (15) and (151) monitor the position occupied by the skip (7) in the vertical duct (1) and in the enlarged area (111). 9 °) Device according to claim 8, characterized in that a fixed stop (75) is installed at the enlarged zone (111), in that the stop (75) is constituted by a horizontal cylindrical axis comprising two vertical flats ( 751), in that the underside of the skip (7) is provided with an open bearing stop (74), in that the open bearing stop (74) has a bore (751) whose diameter is slightly larger that the diameter of the horizontal axis constituting the stop (75), in that the stop (74) includes a lumen (742) whose width is slightly greater than the width of the stop (75) measured on the two flats (751), in that the stop (74) has a flared zone (743) and in that the stop (74) is situated vertically of the stop (75) so that they engage the one in the other when the skip (7) reaches its lowest vertical position in the enlarged area (111). 10 °) Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the skip (7) is carried by two suspension bars (71) carried themselves, at their upper part, by a horizontal axis (721) to which is hung, by a lug, the cable (81), in that the two suspension bars (71) each carry at their lower part an axis (72) which slides, without being able to escape from it in a slide (73) integral with the ferrule of the skip (7) and placed along a generatrix thereof, and in that the horizontal axis (721) is wider than the diameter of the conduit (1) and slides with gentle friction in two grooves ( 112) made along two opposite generatrices of the conduit (1). 1 1 °) Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the skip (7) is equipped with a flexible seal (76) at the upper edge of its ferrule and in that the flexible seal (76) is flared towards the high to seal the annular space between the ferrule of the skip (7) and the internal wall of the vertical duct (1) of which it has the same diameter at its upper flared portion.

12 °) Device according to claim 8, characterized in that, a retractable washing rod (9) provided with a rotary nozzle (91) is arranged at the level of the enlarged zone (111) and in the axis of the skip (7 ) when the latter is in the inverted position, and in that the retractable washing rod (9) has a sufficient elongation to penetrate inside the skip (7) when the latter is in the inverted position.

13 °) Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the basket (03) is replaced by a basket body (003) having a fixed and sealed bottom (0037), a cover (0034), in that the basket body (003) has open hooking bearings (0036) allowing it to be hung on the wall or furniture partition (1000) as well as on the drain (300) where an axis (03212) allows the body to be turned over by rotation basket (003) and in that the opening of the cover (0034) takes place at the end of rotation by means (003424) (00341) and (003413).

14 °) Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the opening of the cover (0034) takes place by means of a counter handle (003421) of Iinguets (003422) and locking notches (003423). 15 °) Device according to claims 13 and 14, characterized in that a flat axis (0033) integral with the basket body (003) allows by engagement of a light (003412) the locking of the handle (00342) to facilitate the transport of the basket body (003).