EP0701680B1 - Grooved tubes for heat exchangers used in air conditioning and cooling apparatuses, and corresponding exchangers - Google Patents
Grooved tubes for heat exchangers used in air conditioning and cooling apparatuses, and corresponding exchangers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0701680B1 EP0701680B1 EP94917707A EP94917707A EP0701680B1 EP 0701680 B1 EP0701680 B1 EP 0701680B1 EP 94917707 A EP94917707 A EP 94917707A EP 94917707 A EP94917707 A EP 94917707A EP 0701680 B1 EP0701680 B1 EP 0701680B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rib
- ribs
- tube
- tubes
- height
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/42—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
- F28F1/422—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element with outside means integral with the tubular element and inside means integral with the tubular element
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/42—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
- Y10S165/51—Heat exchange having heat exchange surface treatment, adjunct or enhancement
- Y10S165/518—Conduit with discrete fin structure
- Y10S165/524—Longitudinally extending
- Y10S165/525—Helical
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of tubes used to manufacture heat exchangers for air conditioning and refrigeration equipment or for any other heating or cooling application, tubes contributing to ensuring the heat exchange between a fluid circulating in these tubes and the atmosphere circulating in said exchangers.
- the invention also relates to said exchangers, which generally comprise an assembly of copper, aluminum or steel tubes, generally in pins (straight portions + elbows), and of plates, called fins, in copper or aluminum, in thermal contact with said tubes. and generally perpendicular to said straight portions of the tubes and offering a large exchange surface with said atmosphere.
- tubes generally of copper tubes and copper alloys, and of means for improving the heat exchanges between the fluid circulating in the tube and the outside atmosphere.
- application EP-A-0 518 312 describes a tube as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
- a person skilled in the art has long known the advantage of grooved tubes for increasing the heat exchange between the fluid which circulates inside the tube and the tube itself.
- Those skilled in the art know that, for a typical copper tube of 9.52 mm outside diameter, it is preferable to have helical ribs / grooves (helix angle between 10 and 30 °), in number sufficient (from 45 to 65).
- helical ribs / grooves helix angle between 10 and 30 °
- the Applicant has come to the conclusion, according to which considering and optimizing the performance of a tube in itself would not be of much use, if one did not also take into account the deformations of the ribs / grooves likely to occur during assembly of tubes and fins.
- the Applicant has therefore sought an optimized groove / rib profile taking into account the crimping, and therefore making it possible to limit the harmful effects of the crimping, crimping which has also beneficial effects on the heat exchange between the tube and the fins, and which constitutes an economical assembly technique.
- the tube, first object of the invention intended for the manufacture of heat exchangers by crimping said tube with fins, with an external diameter De of between 3 and 30 mm, is grooved internally by n helical ribs, with n between 35 and 90, helix angle between 5 and 50 °, apex angle (alpha) between 30 and 60 °, and is characterized in that said ribs form a periodic profile comprising at least two ribs , of different height, one called “high” of height Hh, and the other called “low” of height Hb, with an Hb / Hh ratio of between 0.40 and 0.97, each "high” rib being between two flat bottom grooves.
- this Hb / Hh ratio is between 0.6 and 0.95, the heat exchange capacity of the tube after crimping the fins decreasing outside these limits, and decreasing even more outside the limits 0, 40-0.97.
- the solution found comprises, generically, two essential means constituted, on the one hand, by a periodic profile comprising at least two ribs of different height (Hh and Hb), and on the other hand, by the fact that each rib " high "is between two flat bottom grooves having a cross section of area S.
- the Applicant was not satisfied with optimizing the internal configuration of the tubes considered in themselves by their heat exchange properties (in evaporation or in condensation), it took into consideration both the manufacture of the tubes themselves, as well as that of the corresponding exchangers by assembling tubes and fins using a crimping mandrel. It is in this context that the invention constitutes an effective solution to the problem posed.
- Figures 1a and 1b show a cross section of a grooved tube (1) of the prior art, section perpendicular to the axis of the tube, the clear part of the photo on a black background corresponding to the tube.
- the tube (1) has ribs (2) of triangular section and apex angle close to 90 °, forming between them grooves of substantially section triangular.
- Figure 2 relates to the prior art and corresponds to Figure 1b, after crimping a tube in the fins during the assembly of a battery, with ribs (20) flattened and deformed, the clear part of the photo on a black background corresponding to the tube.
- FIG. 3a represents a cross-sectional portion of a grooved tube (1) according to the invention, section perpendicular to the axis of the tube, the light part of the photo on a black background corresponding to the tube. It is formed by an alternation of "high” ribs (2h) and “low” ribs (2b).
- Figure 3b is the diagram corresponding to photo 3a, on which are identified the two types of ribs (2h and 2b) of respective height Hh and Hb, the grooves (3) of section having an area S, the outside diameter De and the thickness Ep of the tube (thickness at the bottom of the groove).
- Figures 4a and 4b correspond to Figures 3a and 3b, but after crimping the fins and the tube.
- the new groove (30) whose section has an area S ' ⁇ S.
- Figures 5a to 5c similar to Figure 4b, show different methods of the invention.
- the same figures show the profile of the ribs (2h) and (2b) before crimping (in thick line) and the profile of the ribs (20h) and (20b) after crimping (in thin line) with the widths at mid corresponding height Lh and Lb, as well as the areas S and S 'of the sections of the grooves (3) and (30), respectively before and after crimping.
- H'b Hb.
- the rib (2h) (apex angle of 50 °) is triangular, the rib (2b) (apex angle 30 °) also.
- the ribs (2h) and (2b) are triangular.
- H'h is close to H'b and H'b ⁇ Hb.
- Figures 6a and 6b show, in section along the axis of the grooved tube (1), the crimping of fins (4) using a mandrel (5), respectively before the start of crimping and during crimping.
- Figures 7a and 7b schematically represent different profiles according to the invention. These figures represent a h / b / b type profile, with the conventions defined in FIG. 3b, with, between the two "low” ribs (2b), a trapezoidal groove with a flat bottom in the case of FIG. 7a, and a triangular rib in the case of FIG. 7b. In all cases, each "high" rib (2h) is between two flat bottom grooves (3).
- said periodic profile comprises the alternation, symbolized by h / b of a "high” rib (2h) and of a “low rib (2b), as shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b, or the succession, symbolized by h / b / b, of a "high” rib and two "low” ribs, as shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b.
- the h / b profile is preferred, with alternating "high” (2h) and “low” (2b) ribs, which form grooves (3) between them. flat bottom.
- the invention applies to tubes of very different outside diameters from 3 to 30 mm.
- the height Hh of the "high" ribs will vary with De, but not necessarily proportionally.
- the Hh / De ratio must be between 0.003 and 0.05, and preferably between 0.015 and 0.04.
- said "high" rib (2h) has a substantially triangular section of height Hh.
- the expression “substantially triangular section” is understood to mean a section whose apex angle is relatively rounded as shown in particular in FIG. 3a which corresponds to a cross section of a real tube (the one described in l 'example) obtained from a photograph.
- said "high" rib (2h) has a substantially trapezoidal section of height Hh, as shown in FIG. 5a.
- a second object of the invention is the heat exchanger formed by crimping fins and grooved tubes according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in which, following the passage of a crimping mandrel inside said tubes for assembling, thanks to an expansion of the tubes under the action of the mandrel, said fins and said tubes, the ribs form a periodic profile comprising at least two ribs of different width, one, called “wide” (20h) , with a trapezoidal section and a high half-width Lh, the other, called “narrow” (20b), with a triangular section or trapezoidal and with a width at mid-height Lb low, with a ratio (Lh-Lb) / Of at least equal to 0.003, the value of Lh-Lb being generally at least equal to 0.03 mm for a tube of outside diameter 9.52 mm.
- FIGS. 5a to 5c show the profile of the ribs and grooves before and after crimping: the "high" rib (2h) before crimping becomes the rib (20h) of lesser height after crimping, on the other hand, the "low” rib (2b) becomes the rib (20b) after crimping - by designation symmetry - but it is in fact little modified by crimping (slightly flattened in Figure 5c, unchanged in Figures 5a and 5b).
- the section S ′ of said flat bottom grooves (30) has an area between 0.015 and 0.060 mm 2 , preferably between 0.35 and 0.60 for a tube of 9.52 mm outside diameter.
- Examples 1, 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9 are according to the invention, with a tube profile according to Figures 3a / 3b, Examples 2, 4 and 7 being comparative examples according to the prior art.
- the heat exchange coefficients (W / m 2 .K) were carried out as a function of the beta helix angle (18 ° for the test tube 8, 30 ° for the test tube 9 and 0 ° for the test tube 10) of tubes after crimping. The measurements were carried out in condensation for different values of freon flow rate R22.
- Results value of the heat exchange coefficient in W / m 2 .K) Freon flow rate in kg / s
- Example 8 Example 9
- Example 10 0.08 2000 3450 1750 0.10 2700 4300 2150 0.12 3500 4950 2500 0.14 4500 5600 3000 0.16 5000 6400 3500 0.18 5800 7300 4000 0.20 6550 8000 4450
- the essential advantage of the invention is therefore to limit the decrease in performance (in particular the exchange coefficient) during the assembly of the tubes and the fins, by crimping, in order to manufacture a heat exchanger. Thanks to the invention, thanks to the concept of the periodic profile with at least two ribs of different height, one of which "is sacrificed” during crimping to "protect” the lower rib (s), it is therefore possible to use an economical and efficient assembly process while retaining a high exchange capacity for the tube itself.
- the tube according to the invention since the production of tubes according to the invention does not require any means other than the usual means for producing standard grooved tubes, the tube according to the invention therefore does not cost more than a tube according to the prior art .
- the grooved tubes according to the invention also have the advantage of being particularly suitable for the manufacture of heat exchangers with crimped fins, without losing their effectiveness compared to the grooved tubes of the prior art in applications which do '' Alter little or no grooves of the starting tubes, for example in exchangers with welded or brazed fins.
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne le domaine des tubes servant à fabriquer des échangeurs thermiques d'appareils de conditionnement d'air et de réfrigération ou pour toute autre application de chauffage ou de refroidissement, tubes contribuant à assurer l'échange thermique entre un fluide circulant dans ces tubes et l'atmosphère circulant dans lesdits échangeurs.
L'invention concerne aussi lesdits échangeurs, qui comprennent généralement un assemblage de tubes en cuivre, aluminium ou acier, généralement en épingles (portions droites + coudes), et de plaques, appelées ailettes, en cuivre ou aluminium, en contact thermique avec lesdits tubes et généralement perpendiculaires auxdites portions droites des tubes et offrant une grande surface d'échange avec ladite atmosphère.The invention relates to the field of tubes used to manufacture heat exchangers for air conditioning and refrigeration equipment or for any other heating or cooling application, tubes contributing to ensuring the heat exchange between a fluid circulating in these tubes and the atmosphere circulating in said exchangers.
The invention also relates to said exchangers, which generally comprise an assembly of copper, aluminum or steel tubes, generally in pins (straight portions + elbows), and of plates, called fins, in copper or aluminum, in thermal contact with said tubes. and generally perpendicular to said straight portions of the tubes and offering a large exchange surface with said atmosphere.
On connaît déjà de très nombreuses variantes de tubes, généralement de tubes de cuivre et alliages de cuivre, et de moyens pour améliorer les échanges thermiques entre le fluide circulant dans le tube et l'atmosphère extérieure.There are already numerous variations of tubes, generally of copper tubes and copper alloys, and of means for improving the heat exchanges between the fluid circulating in the tube and the outside atmosphere.
A titre d'illustration de ces variantes, on peut citer le brevet US-A-4 480 684 ainsi que les demandes européennes EP-A-148 609 et EP-A-0 518 312 qui décrivent des tubes rainurés intérieurement.
Dans le brevet US-A-4 480 684, les rainures sont caractérisées par la combinaison des moyens suivants :
- rainures spiralées avec un angle d'hélice, par rapport à l'axe du tube compris entre 16° et 35°,
- rainures dont la profondeur est comprise entre 0,1 et 0,6 mm,
- rainures dont le pas est compris entre 0,2 et 0,6 mm,
- rainures à section en "V" d'angle compris entre 50° et 100°. Les figures 2 et 6 de ce brevet illustrent respectivement un échangeur et une portion de profil de tube selon une coupe perpendiculaire à l'axe du tube montrant des rainures en "V" séparées par des nervures en "V" de même angle, dit angle d'apex (alpha).
In US-A-4 480 684, the grooves are characterized by the combination of the following means:
- spiral grooves with a helix angle, relative to the axis of the tube between 16 ° and 35 °,
- grooves whose depth is between 0.1 and 0.6 mm,
- grooves whose pitch is between 0.2 and 0.6 mm,
- "V" section grooves with an angle between 50 ° and 100 °. Figures 2 and 6 of this patent respectively illustrate a heat exchanger and a tube profile portion in a section perpendicular to the axis of the tube showing "V" grooves separated by "V" ribs of the same angle, called angle apex (alpha).
La demande européenne EP-A-148 609 décrit aussi des tubes rainurés, dont les rainures hélicoïdales sont de section trapézoïdale et les nervures de section triangulaire, tubes caractérisés par la combinaison des moyens suivants :
- le rapport de la profondeur H de ces rainures - ou la hauteur H des nervures - au diamètre intérieur Di du tube est compris entre 0,02 et 0,03,
- l'angle d'hélice de ces rainures est compris entre 7° et 30°,
- le rapport de section transversale S de la rainure par rapport à la profondeur H est compris entre 0,15 et 0,40 mm,
- l'angle d'apex d'une nervure est compris entre 30° et 60°.
- the ratio of the depth H of these grooves - or the height H of the ribs - to the internal diameter Di of the tube is between 0.02 and 0.03,
- the helix angle of these grooves is between 7 ° and 30 °,
- the cross-sectional ratio S of the groove relative to the depth H is between 0.15 and 0.40 mm,
- the apex angle of a rib is between 30 ° and 60 °.
Enfin, la demande EP-A-0 518 312 décrit un tube tel que défini dans le préambule de la revendication 1.Finally, application EP-A-0 518 312 describes a tube as defined in the preamble of
L'homme du métier connaît depuis longtemps l'intérêt de tubes rainurés pour augmenter l'échange thermique entre le fluide qui circule à l'intérieur du tube et le tube lui-même.
L'homme du métier sait que, pour un tube de cuivre typique de 9,52 mm de diamètre extérieur, il est préférable d'avoir des nervures / des rainures hélicoïdales (angle d'hélice compris entre 10 et 30°), en nombre suffisant (de 45 à 65).
Cependant, si ces caractéristiques semblent émerger de l'analyse de l'art antérieur par l'homme du métier, par contre, pour beaucoup d'autres caractéristiques relatives à la forme précise des nervures et rainures, l'art antérieur n'offre pas une image unie, un enseignement homogène, vers lequel pourrait aller l'homme du métier pour obtenir à coup sur un tube échangeur doté de performances élevées.A person skilled in the art has long known the advantage of grooved tubes for increasing the heat exchange between the fluid which circulates inside the tube and the tube itself.
Those skilled in the art know that, for a typical copper tube of 9.52 mm outside diameter, it is preferable to have helical ribs / grooves (helix angle between 10 and 30 °), in number sufficient (from 45 to 65).
However, if these characteristics seem to emerge from an analysis of the prior art by a person skilled in the art, on the other hand, for many other characteristics relating to the precise shape of the ribs and grooves, the prior art does not offer a united image, a homogeneous teaching, towards which the skilled person could go to get suddenly on an exchanger tube with high performance.
Par ailleurs, dans le cadre de ses travaux pour mettre au point des batteries compactes à contact thermique amélioré entre tubes et ailettes, la demanderesse a utilisé des moyens, connus en eux-mêmes, pour cintrer les tubes rainurés de l'art antérieur et pour les sertir aux ailettes, typiquement à l'aide d'un mandrin circulant à l'intérieur du tube, de manière à provoquer une légère expansion du tube contre le bord des orifices des ailettes et ainsi obtenir un excellent contact thermique sans faire appel à des techniques de soudure ou brasure onéreuses.
La demanderesse a constaté, par des examens sur des coupes de tubes sertis (tube standard à 60 nervures en "V"), un écrasement des nervures, qui se traduit par une diminution importante de la profondeur H et de la section S de la rainure :
The Applicant has observed, by examining sections of crimped tubes (standard tube with 60 "V" ribs), crushing of the ribs, which results in a significant reduction in the depth H and in the section S of the groove. :
En ce qui concerne l'échange thermique entre le fluide circulant dans le tube et le tube lui-même, les mesures comparatives effectuées sur des portions de tubes, avant et après sertissage, ont confirmé la dégradation des performances après sertissage, due à la diminution de 60% de la section S.With regard to the heat exchange between the fluid circulating in the tube and the tube itself, the comparative measurements carried out on portions of tubes, before and after crimping, confirmed the deterioration in performance after crimping, due to the decrease 60% of section S.
Ainsi, la demanderesse en est arrivée à la conclusion, selon laquelle considérer et optimiser les performances d'un tube en lui-même ne serait pas d'une grande utilité, si l'on ne prenait pas aussi en compte les déformations des nervures / rainures susceptibles de se produire durant l'assemblage des tubes et des ailettes.
La demanderesse a donc recherché un profil de rainure /nervure optimisé tenant compte du sertissage, et permettant donc de limiter les effets néfastes du sertissage, sertissage qui a par ailleurs des effets bénéfiques sur l'échange thermique entre le tube et les ailettes, et qui constitue une technique économique d'assemblage.Thus, the Applicant has come to the conclusion, according to which considering and optimizing the performance of a tube in itself would not be of much use, if one did not also take into account the deformations of the ribs / grooves likely to occur during assembly of tubes and fins.
The Applicant has therefore sought an optimized groove / rib profile taking into account the crimping, and therefore making it possible to limit the harmful effects of the crimping, crimping which has also beneficial effects on the heat exchange between the tube and the fins, and which constitutes an economical assembly technique.
Le tube, premier objet de l'invention, destiné à la fabrication d'échangeurs de chaleur par sertissage dudit tube avec des ailettes, de diamètre extérieur De compris entre 3 et 30 mm, est rainuré intérieurement par n nervures hélicoïdales, avec n compris entre 35 et 90, d'angle d'hélice compris entre 5 et 50°, d'angle d'apex (alpha) compris entre 30 et 60°, et est caractérisé en ce que lesdites nervures forment un profil périodique comprenant au moins deux nervures, de hauteur différente, l'une dite "haute" de hauteur Hh, et l'autre dite "basse" de hauteur Hb, avec un rapport Hb/Hh compris entre 0,40 et 0,97, chaque nervure "haute" étant comprise entre deux rainures à fond plat.The tube, first object of the invention, intended for the manufacture of heat exchangers by crimping said tube with fins, with an external diameter De of between 3 and 30 mm, is grooved internally by n helical ribs, with n between 35 and 90, helix angle between 5 and 50 °, apex angle (alpha) between 30 and 60 °, and is characterized in that said ribs form a periodic profile comprising at least two ribs , of different height, one called "high" of height Hh, and the other called "low" of height Hb, with an Hb / Hh ratio of between 0.40 and 0.97, each "high" rib being between two flat bottom grooves.
On appelle profil périodique la succession de nervures et d'ailettes qui est reproduite régulièrement à chaque pas p.We call the periodic profile the succession of ribs and fins which is reproduced regularly with each step p.
Les essais réalisés par la demanderesse ont montré qu'un rapport Hb/Hh, même seulement légèrement inférieur à 1, suffit déjà pour obtenir un effet significatif. Mais, de préférence, ce rapport Hb/Hh est compris entre 0,6 et 0,95, la capacité d'échange thermique du tube après sertissage des ailettes diminuant en dehors de ces limites, et diminuant encore plus en dehors des limites 0,40-0,97.The tests carried out by the applicant have shown that an Hb / Hh ratio, even only slightly less than 1, is already sufficient to obtain a significant effect. However, preferably, this Hb / Hh ratio is between 0.6 and 0.95, the heat exchange capacity of the tube after crimping the fins decreasing outside these limits, and decreasing even more outside the limits 0, 40-0.97.
La solution trouvée comprend, de manière générique, deux moyens essentiels constitués, d'une part, par un profil périodique comprenant au moins deux nervures de hauteur différente (Hh et Hb), et d'autre part, par le fait que chaque nervure "haute" est comprise entre deux rainures à fond plat ayant une section d'aire S.The solution found comprises, generically, two essential means constituted, on the one hand, by a periodic profile comprising at least two ribs of different height (Hh and Hb), and on the other hand, by the fact that each rib " high "is between two flat bottom grooves having a cross section of area S.
Ces deux éléments sont essentiels pour l'invention, pour obtenir, après sertissage des tubes rainurés et des ailettes, des tubes dont les rainures à fond plat présentent une section d'aire S'<S, mais de valeur suffisante pour obtenir un échange thermique efficace.These two elements are essential for the invention, in order to obtain, after crimping the grooved tubes and the fins, tubes whose grooves with a flat bottom have a cross section of area S ′ <S, but of sufficient value to obtain a heat exchange. effective.
De manière imprévue, la demanderesse a observé que le profil périodique selon l'invention était favorable en ce qui concerne les performances d'échange thermique après assemblage des tubes (parties droites et coudées) et des ailettes par sertissage.
En effet, le fait de différencier les nervures par leur hauteur, qui conduit à leur conférer des fonctions différentes lors du sertissage (les nervures "hautes" ont une fonction "protectrice" ou "sacrificielle", les nervures "basses" étant elles "protégées") ne laissait pas présager les résultats obtenus selon l'invention.Unexpectedly, the applicant observed that the periodic profile according to the invention was favorable with regard to the heat exchange performance after assembly of the tubes (straight and bent parts) and the fins by crimping.
Indeed, the fact of differentiating the ribs by their height, which results in giving them different functions during crimping (the "high" ribs have a "protective" or "sacrificial" function, the "low" ribs being "protected"") did not suggest the results obtained according to the invention.
Ainsi, la demanderesse ne s'est pas contentée d'optimiser la configuration intérieure des tubes considérés en eux-mêmes par leurs propriétés d'échange thermique (en évaporation ou en condensation), elle a pris en considération à la fois la fabrication des tubes eux-mêmes, ainsi que celle des échangeurs correspondants par assemblage de tubes et d'ailettes à l'aide d'un mandrin de sertissage. C'est dans ce cadre-là que l'invention constitue une solution efficace au problème posé.Thus, the Applicant was not satisfied with optimizing the internal configuration of the tubes considered in themselves by their heat exchange properties (in evaporation or in condensation), it took into consideration both the manufacture of the tubes themselves, as well as that of the corresponding exchangers by assembling tubes and fins using a crimping mandrel. It is in this context that the invention constitutes an effective solution to the problem posed.
Les figures 1a et 1b représentent une portion de coupe transversale d'un tube rainuré (1) de l'art antérieur, coupe perpendiculaire à l'axe du tube, la partie claire de la photo sur fond noir correspondant au tube.
A la figure la, le tube (1) présente des nervures (2) de section triangulaire et d'angle d'apex voisin de 90°, formant entre elles des rainures de section sensiblement triangulaires.
A la figure 1b, les nervures (2), de section sensiblement triangulaire et d'angle d'apex voisin de 50°, forment entre elles des rainures de section trapézoïdale.Figures 1a and 1b show a cross section of a grooved tube (1) of the prior art, section perpendicular to the axis of the tube, the clear part of the photo on a black background corresponding to the tube.
In FIG. 1a, the tube (1) has ribs (2) of triangular section and apex angle close to 90 °, forming between them grooves of substantially section triangular.
In FIG. 1b, the ribs (2), of substantially triangular section and with apex angle close to 50 °, form between them grooves of trapezoidal section.
La figure 2 est relative à l'art antérieur et correspond à la figure 1b, après sertissage d'un tube dans les ailettes lors de l'assemblage d'une batterie, avec des nervures (20) aplaties et déformées, la partie claire de la photo sur fond noir correspondant au tube.Figure 2 relates to the prior art and corresponds to Figure 1b, after crimping a tube in the fins during the assembly of a battery, with ribs (20) flattened and deformed, the clear part of the photo on a black background corresponding to the tube.
La figure 3a représente une portion de coupe transversale d'un tube rainuré (1) selon l'invention, coupe perpendiculaire à l'axe du tube, la partie claire de la photo sur fond noir correspondant au tube. Il est formé par une alternance de nervures "hautes" (2h) et de nervures "basses" (2b).
La figure 3b est le schéma correspondant à la photo 3a, sur lequel sont repérées les deux types de nervures (2h et 2b) de hauteur respective Hh et Hb, les rainures (3) de section ayant une aire S, le diamètre extérieur De et l'épaisseur Ep du tube (épaisseur à fond de rainure).
On a indiqué le pas p dudit profil périodique constitué par la succession : nervure "haute"(2h) / rainure à fond plat (3) / nervure "basse" (2b) / rainure à fond plat (3) / etc...
Ce profil peut être symbolisé par "h/b" où h désigne une nervure "haute" et b une nervure "basse", si on limite la description aux nervures.FIG. 3a represents a cross-sectional portion of a grooved tube (1) according to the invention, section perpendicular to the axis of the tube, the light part of the photo on a black background corresponding to the tube. It is formed by an alternation of "high" ribs (2h) and "low" ribs (2b).
Figure 3b is the diagram corresponding to photo 3a, on which are identified the two types of ribs (2h and 2b) of respective height Hh and Hb, the grooves (3) of section having an area S, the outside diameter De and the thickness Ep of the tube (thickness at the bottom of the groove).
The pitch p of said periodic profile indicated by the succession has been indicated: "high" rib (2h) / flat bottom groove (3) / "low" rib (2b) / flat bottom groove (3) / etc ...
This profile can be symbolized by "h / b" where h denotes a "high" rib and b denotes a "low" rib, if the description is limited to the ribs.
Les figures 4a et 4b correspondent aux figures 3a et 3b, mais après sertissage des ailettes et du tube. La nervure (2h) (avant sertissage) est devenue, après sertissage), la nervure trapézoïdale (20h) de hauteur Hh', avec Hh'<Hh et de même, la nervure référencée (20b) correspond à la nervure initiale (2b), le sertissage ne l'ayant pratiquement pas altérée (Hb' = Hb).
On a représenté sur la figure 4b, la nouvelle rainure (30) dont la section présente une aire S'< S.Figures 4a and 4b correspond to Figures 3a and 3b, but after crimping the fins and the tube. The rib (2h) (before crimping) has become, after crimping), the trapezoidal rib (20h) of height Hh ', with Hh'<Hh and similarly, the referenced rib (20b) corresponds to the initial rib (2b) , the crimping having practically not altered it (Hb '= Hb).
There is shown in Figure 4b, the new groove (30) whose section has an area S '<S.
Les figures 5a à 5c, analogues à la figure 4b, représentent différentes modalités de l'invention. On a représenté sur les mêmes figures le profil des nervures (2h) et (2b) avant sertissage (en trait épais) et le profil des nervures (20h) et (20b) après sertissage (en trait mince) avec les largeurs à mi-hauteur correspondantes Lh et Lb, ainsi que les aires S et S' des sections des rainures (3) et (30), respectivement avant et après sertissage.
A la figure 5a, la nervure (2h) est trapézoïdale, et après sertissage, H'h > H'b avec H'b = Hb.
A la figure 5b, la nervure (2h) (angle d'apex de 50°) est triangulaire, la nervure (2b) (angle d'apex 30°) également. Après sertissage, H'h est voisin de H'b, avec H'b = Hb.
A la figure 5c, les nervures (2h) et (2b) sont triangulaires. Après sertissage, H'h est voisin de H'b et H'b < Hb.Figures 5a to 5c, similar to Figure 4b, show different methods of the invention. The same figures show the profile of the ribs (2h) and (2b) before crimping (in thick line) and the profile of the ribs (20h) and (20b) after crimping (in thin line) with the widths at mid corresponding height Lh and Lb, as well as the areas S and S 'of the sections of the grooves (3) and (30), respectively before and after crimping.
In FIG. 5a, the rib (2h) is trapezoidal, and after crimping, H'h>H'b with H'b = Hb.
In FIG. 5b, the rib (2h) (apex angle of 50 °) is triangular, the rib (2b) (
In FIG. 5c, the ribs (2h) and (2b) are triangular. After crimping, H'h is close to H'b and H'b <Hb.
Les figures 6a et 6b représentent, en coupe selon l'axe du tube rainuré (1), le sertissage d'ailettes (4) à l'aide d'un mandrin (5), respectivement avant le début du sertissage et en cours de sertissage.Figures 6a and 6b show, in section along the axis of the grooved tube (1), the crimping of fins (4) using a mandrel (5), respectively before the start of crimping and during crimping.
Les figures 7a et 7b représentent schématiquement différents profils selon l'invention.
Ces figures représentent un profil de type h/b/b, avec les conventions définies à la figure 3b, avec, entre les deux nervures "basses" (2b), une rainure trapézoïdale à fond plat dans le cas de la figure 7a, et une nervure triangulaire dans le cas de la figure 7b. Dans tous les cas, chaque nervure "haute" (2h) est comprise entre deux rainures à fond plat (3).Figures 7a and 7b schematically represent different profiles according to the invention.
These figures represent a h / b / b type profile, with the conventions defined in FIG. 3b, with, between the two "low" ribs (2b), a trapezoidal groove with a flat bottom in the case of FIG. 7a, and a triangular rib in the case of FIG. 7b. In all cases, each "high" rib (2h) is between two flat bottom grooves (3).
De préférence, ledit profil périodique comprend l'alternance, symbolisée par h/b d'une nervure "haute" (2h) et d'une nervure "basse (2b), comme représenté aux figures 3a et 3b, ou la succession, symbolisée par h/b/b, d'une nervure "haute" et de deux nervures "basses", comme représenté aux figures 7a et 7b.Preferably, said periodic profile comprises the alternation, symbolized by h / b of a "high" rib (2h) and of a "low rib (2b), as shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b, or the succession, symbolized by h / b / b, of a "high" rib and two "low" ribs, as shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b.
Parmi les profils h/b et h/b/b, on préfère le profil h/b, avec une alternance de nervures "hautes" (2h) et "basses" (2b), qui forment entre elles des rainures (3) à fond plat.Among the h / b and h / b / b profiles, the h / b profile is preferred, with alternating "high" (2h) and "low" (2b) ribs, which form grooves (3) between them. flat bottom.
L'invention s'applique à des tubes de diamètre extérieur De très différent pouvant aller de 3 à 30 mm. La hauteur Hh des nervures "hautes" variera avec De, mais pas nécessairement proportionnellement.The invention applies to tubes of very different outside diameters from 3 to 30 mm. The height Hh of the "high" ribs will vary with De, but not necessarily proportionally.
D'une manière générale, pour conserver l'efficacité optimum des tubes rainurés après sertissage, il faut que le rapport Hh/De soit compris entre 0,003 et 0,05, et de préférence compris entre 0,015 et 0,04.In general, to maintain the optimum efficiency of the grooved tubes after crimping, the Hh / De ratio must be between 0.003 and 0.05, and preferably between 0.015 and 0.04.
Selon une modalité de l'invention, ladite nervure "haute" (2h) présente une section sensiblement triangulaire de hauteur Hh. Comme illustré sur les figures 3a et 3b, on entend par section sensiblement triangulaire une section dont l'angle au sommet est relativement arrondi comme le montre en particulier la figure 3a qui correspond à une coupe transversale d'un tube réél (celui décrit à l'exemple) obtenue à partir d'une photographie.According to a modality of the invention, said "high" rib (2h) has a substantially triangular section of height Hh. As illustrated in FIGS. 3a and 3b, the expression “substantially triangular section” is understood to mean a section whose apex angle is relatively rounded as shown in particular in FIG. 3a which corresponds to a cross section of a real tube (the one described in l 'example) obtained from a photograph.
Selon une autre modalité, ladite nervure "haute" (2h) présente une section sensiblement trapézoïdale de hauteur Hh, comme représenté à la figure 5a.According to another embodiment, said "high" rib (2h) has a substantially trapezoidal section of height Hh, as shown in FIG. 5a.
De préférence, ladite nervure "basse" (2b) présente une section sensiblement triangulaire de hauteur Hb, comme on peut l'observer sur les figures 3a et 3b, et pour laquelle la remarque précédente concernant l'interprétation de l'expression "sensiblement triangulaire" s'applique aussi.
Il est avantageux, selon l'invention, de choisir des tubes dont lesdites rainures (3) à fond plat, non-trapézoïdale (car Hh > Hb), présentent une section d'aire S comprise entre 0,020 et 0,15 mm2, et de préférence comprise entre 0,060 et 0,15 mm2 dans le cas d'un tube de diamètre extérieur De supérieur ou égal à 7,93 mm, et de préférence comprise entre 0,020 et 0,070 mm2 dans le cas d'un tube de diamètre extérieur De inférieur à 7,93 mm.
Ces valeurs sont obtenues typiquement pour :
- * une hauteur Hb comprise entre 0,10
et 0,20 mm, - * une hauteur Hh comprise
entre 0,20et 0,30 mm, - * un fond plat (sensiblement plat, compte non tenu de la courbure du tube) de longueur comprise entre 0,10
et 0,20 mm, le pas (pas = somme de la longueur du fond plat, plus la demi-base de la nervure "haute", plus la demi-base de la nervure "basse") étant généralement compris entre 0,40 et 0,50 mm pour un tube standard de diamètre intérieur (à fond de rainure) de l'ordre de 8,8 mm.
En ce qui concerne l'aire S, sa limite inférieure résulte de la nécessité d'avoir un échange thermique suffisamment élevé entre le fluide circulant à l'intérieur du tube et l'atmosphère extérieure.
Par contre, la limite supérieure de l'aire S résulte d'abord de considérations d'ordre géométrique, compte tenu des dimensions habituelles des tubes et du nombre n de nervures (2h, 2b).Preferably, said “low” rib (2b) has a substantially triangular section of height Hb, as can be seen in FIGS. 3a and 3b, and for which the previous remark concerning the interpretation of the expression “substantially triangular "also applies.
It is advantageous, according to the invention, to choose tubes whose said grooves (3) with flat bottom, non-trapezoidal (because Hh> Hb), have a section of area S of between 0.020 and 0.15 mm 2 , and preferably of between 0.060 and 0.15 mm 2 in the case of a tube with an outside diameter De greater than or equal to 7 , 93 mm, and preferably between 0.020 and 0.070 mm 2 in the case of a tube with an outside diameter of less than 7.93 mm.
These values are typically obtained for:
- * a height Hb of between 0.10 and 0.20 mm,
- * a height Hh of between 0.20 and 0.30 mm,
- * a flat bottom (substantially flat, without taking into account the curvature of the tube) of length between 0.10 and 0.20 mm, the pitch (pitch = sum of the length of the flat bottom, plus the half-base of the "high" rib, plus the half-base of the "low" rib) generally being between 0.40 and 0.50 mm for a standard tube of internal diameter (at the bottom of the groove) of the order of 8.8 mm.
As far as area S is concerned, its lower limit results from the need to have a sufficiently high heat exchange between the fluid circulating inside the tube and the outside atmosphere.
On the other hand, the upper limit of the area S results first of all from geometrical considerations, taking into account the usual dimensions of the tubes and the number n of ribs (2h, 2b).
Un second objet de l'invention est l'échangeur de chaleur formé par sertissage d'ailettes et de tubes rainurés selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9 dans lequel, suite au passage d'un mandrin de sertissage à l'intérieur desdits tubes pour assembler, grâce à une expansion des tubes sous l'action du mandrin, lesdites ailettes et lesdits tubes, les nervures forment un profil périodique comprenant au 5 moins deux nervures de largeur différente, l'une, dite "large" (20h), à section trapézoïdale et à largeur à mi-hauteur Lh élevée, l'autre, dite "étroite" (20b), à section triangulaire ou trapézoïdale et à largeur à mi-hauteur Lb basse, avec un rapport (Lh-Lb)/De au moins égal à 0,003, la valeur de Lh-Lb étant généralement au moins égale à 0,03 mm pour un tube de diamètre extérieur de 9,52 mm.A second object of the invention is the heat exchanger formed by crimping fins and grooved tubes according to any one of
On a représenté sur les figures 5a à 5c le profil des nervures et rainures avant et après sertissage : la nervure "haute" (2h) avant sertissage devient la nervure (20h) de hauteur moindre après sertissage, par contre, la nervure "basse" (2b) devient la nervure (20b) après sertissage - par symétrie de désignation - mais elle est en fait peu modifiée par le sertissage (légèrement aplatie à la figure 5c, inchangée aux figures 5a et 5b).FIGS. 5a to 5c show the profile of the ribs and grooves before and after crimping: the "high" rib (2h) before crimping becomes the rib (20h) of lesser height after crimping, on the other hand, the "low" rib (2b) becomes the rib (20b) after crimping - by designation symmetry - but it is in fact little modified by crimping (slightly flattened in Figure 5c, unchanged in Figures 5a and 5b).
Dans le cas particulier où ladite rainure "basse" (2b) présente une hauteur relativement élevée, ou, ce qui revient sensiblement au même, lorsque Hh-Hb est faible, alors, après sertissage, ladite nervure "large" et ladite nervure "étroite" ont sensiblement la même hauteur (H'h = H'b) et ladite section d'aire S' desdites rainures à fond plat (30) est trapézoïdale.In the particular case where said "low" groove (2b) has a relatively high height, or, which amounts to approximately the same, when Hh-Hb is low, then, after crimping, said "wide" rib and said "narrow rib" "have substantially the same height (H'h = H'b) and said area section S 'of said flat bottom grooves (30) is trapezoidal.
On observe toujours une réduction de l'aire S de la section des rainures (3), aire S qui devient S'<S après sertissage, mais cette réduction est limitée grâce à l'invention. Généralement, la section S' desdites rainures à fond plat (30) présente une aire comprise entre 0,015 et 0,060 mm2, de préférence comprise entre 0,35 et 0,60 pour un tube de 9,52 mm de diamètre extérieur.There is always a reduction in the area S of the section of the grooves (3), area S which becomes S '<S after crimping, but this reduction is limited thanks to the invention. Generally, the section S ′ of said flat bottom grooves (30) has an area between 0.015 and 0.060 mm 2 , preferably between 0.35 and 0.60 for a tube of 9.52 mm outside diameter.
Tous les tubes décrits dans les exemples ont été fabriqués par un procédé connu en lui-même, utilisant un mandrin flottant rainuré extérieurement (les rainures et nervures à la surface extérieure du mandrin correspondant aux nervures et rainures à obtenir sur la surface intérieure des tubes), procédé du type de celui décrit dans le brevet US 4,373,366.All the tubes described in the examples were manufactured by a process known per se, using an externally grooved floating mandrel (the grooves and ribs on the outer surface of the mandrel corresponding to the ribs and grooves to be obtained on the inner surface of the tubes) , method of the type described in US Pat. No. 4,373,366.
Les exemples 1, 3, 5, 6, 8 et 9 sont selon l'invention, avec un profil de tube selon les figures 3a/3b, les exemples 2, 4 et 7 étant des exemples comparatifs selon l'art antérieur.Examples 1, 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9 are according to the invention, with a tube profile according to Figures 3a / 3b, Examples 2, 4 and 7 being comparative examples according to the prior art.
Les tubes de tous les exemples ont été réalisés en cuivre (Cub1-DHP), conformément à la norme NFA 51123 (= ASTM B68 et 280).The tubes of all the examples were made of copper (Cub1-DHP), in accordance with standard NFA 51123 (= ASTM B68 and 280).
On a fabriqué des tubes rainurés intérieurement de diamètre extérieur De de 9,52 mm et d'épaisseur Ep à fond de rainure de 0,30 mm.
Ces types de tubes ont été ensuite assemblés avec des ailettes par sertissage à l'aide d'un mandrin comme représenté aux figures 6a et 6b.These types of tubes were then assembled with fins by crimping using a mandrel as shown in Figures 6a and 6b.
On a prélevé des échantillons de tubes sertis pour examiner les caractéristiques géométriques des nervures et rainures intérieures :
Enfin, on a procédé à une évaluation comparative des performances des tubes des exemples 1 et 2, avant et après sertissage, en mesurant le coefficient d'échange moyen (W/m2.K) en condensation (titre de vapeur = 50% et température de saturation = 30°C), et en évaporation (titre de vapeur = 30 % et température de saturation = 10°C) d'un liquide réfrigérant standard chlorofluorocarboné (Fréon R22 (R)) à une vitesse massique de 160 kg/m2.s.Finally, a comparative evaluation of the performance of the tubes of Examples 1 and 2 was carried out, before and after crimping, by measuring the average exchange coefficient (W / m 2 .K) in condensation (vapor content = 50% and saturation temperature = 30 ° C), and on evaporation (vapor titer = 30% and saturation temperature = 10 ° C) of a standard chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant (Freon R22 (R)) at a mass speed of 160 kg / m 2 .s.
On a trouvé les valeurs suivantes :
La comparaison de ces valeurs montre que, si les tubes selon l'invention ne sont que voisins à légèrement supérieurs à un tube de l'art antérieur pris comme témoin (respectivement en 5 condensation et en évaporation), par contre, après sertissage, ils sont nettement supérieurs à un tube de l'art antérieur, que ce soit en condensation ou en évaporation, ce qui illustre tout l'intérêt de l'invention.The comparison of these values shows that, if the tubes according to the invention are only close to slightly greater than a tube of the prior art taken as a control (respectively in condensation and in evaporation), on the other hand, after crimping, they are clearly superior to a tube of the prior art, whether in condensation or in evaporation, which illustrates all the advantage of the invention.
On a fabriqué des tubes rainurés intérieurement de diamètre extérieur De de 7 mm et d'épaisseur Ep à fond de rainure de 0,25 mm.
Ces types de tubes ont été ensuite assemblés avec des ailettes par sertissage à l'aide d'un mandrin comme représenté aux figures 6a et 6b.These types of tubes were then assembled with fins by crimping using a mandrel as shown in Figures 6a and 6b.
Ces tubes ont été testés, avant et après sertissage des ailettes sur les tubes, et les mêmes variations de performances que celles notées entre les tubes de l'exemple 1 et de l'exemple 2 ont été observées :
- avant sertissage : performances voisines des tubes selon les exemples 3
et 4. - après sertissage : performances supérieures des tubes selon l'exemple 3 (invention) par rapport aux tubes selon l'exemple 4 (art antérieur).
- before crimping: performances close to the tubes according to examples 3 and 4.
- after crimping: superior performance of the tubes according to Example 3 (invention) compared to the tubes according to Example 4 (prior art).
Comme dans le cas des exemples 1 et 2, on observe, avec les exemples 3 et 4, que la baisse des performances résultant du sertissage des ailettes sur les tubes est moindre avec des tubes selon l'invention.As in the case of Examples 1 and 2, we observe, with the Examples 3 and 4, that the drop in performance resulting from the crimping of the fins on the tubes is less with tubes according to the invention.
Pour les exemples 5 et 7, on a fabriqué des tubes rainurés intérieurement de diamètre extérieur De de 9,52 mm et d'épaisseur Ep à fond de rainure de 0,30 mm.For examples 5 and 7, internally grooved tubes with an outside diameter De of 9.52 mm and thickness Ep with a groove bottom of 0.30 mm were manufactured.
Pour l'exemple 6, on a fabriqué des tubes rainurés intérieurement de diamètre extérieur De de 7,93 mm et d'épaisseur Ep à fond de rainure de 0,30 mm.
On a mesuré, avant et après sertissage, les pertes de pression (ou pertes de charge) pour un débit de fréon de 110 kg/m2.s et un titre massique de vapeur compris entre 10 et 60%. On a trouvé que la perte de charge des tubes des exemples 5 et 6 selon l'invention était, avant sertissage, inférieure de 15% à celle du tube de l'exemple 7, et, après sertissage, inférieure de 13% à celle du tube de l'exemple 7.Pressure losses (or pressure drops) were measured before and after crimping for a freon flow rate of 110 kg / m 2 .s and a mass vapor title of between 10 and 60%. It was found that the pressure drop of the tubes of Examples 5 and 6 according to the invention was, before crimping, less than 15% than that of the tube of Example 7, and, after crimping, less than 13% than that of example 7 tube.
On a fabriqué des tubes rainurés intérieurement de diamètre extérieur De de 12,70 mm et d'épaisseur Ep à fond de rainure de 0,36 mm.
On a effectué les coefficients d'échange thermique (W/m2.K) en fonction de l'angle d'hélice beta (18° pour le tube de l'essai 8, 30° pour le tube de l'essai 9 et 0° pour le tube de l'essai 10) de tubes après sertissage.
Les mesures ont été effectuées en condensation pour différentes valeurs de débit de fréon R22.The heat exchange coefficients (W / m 2 .K) were carried out as a function of the beta helix angle (18 ° for the
The measurements were carried out in condensation for different values of freon flow rate R22.
Résultats = valeur du coefficient d'échange thermique en W/m2.K)
Ces essais, ainsi que d'autres réalisés avec un angle d'hélice supérieur à 30°, ont montré que, si l'on voulait privilégier le coefficient d'échange thermique, il était souhaitable de choisir un angle d'hélice au moins égal à 30°, et de préférence compris entre 30 et 50°, la vitesse de fabrication tendant à diminuer au fur et à mesure que l'on choisit un angle d'hélice plus élevé.
Par contre, si l'on veut privilégier la vitesse de production, il est préférable de choisir un angle d'hélice allant de 5 à 30°.These tests, as well as others carried out with a helix angle greater than 30 °, have shown that, if one wanted to favor the heat exchange coefficient, it was desirable to choose a helix angle at least equal at 30 °, and preferably between 30 and 50 °, the manufacturing speed tending to decrease as a higher helix angle is chosen.
On the other hand, if you want to favor the speed of production, it is preferable to choose a helix angle ranging from 5 to 30 °.
L'avantage essentiel de l'invention est donc de limiter la diminution de performances (coefficient d'échange en particulier) lors de l'assemblage des tubes et des ailettes, par sertissage, pour fabriquer un échangeur de chaleur.
Grâce à l'invention, grâce au concept du profil périodique à au moins deux nervures de hauteur différente, dont une "est sacrifiée" durant le sertissage pour "protéger" la / les nervure(s) plus basse(s), il est donc possible d'utiliser un procédé économique et efficace d'assemblage tout en conservant une capacité d'échange élevée pour le tube lui-même.The essential advantage of the invention is therefore to limit the decrease in performance (in particular the exchange coefficient) during the assembly of the tubes and the fins, by crimping, in order to manufacture a heat exchanger.
Thanks to the invention, thanks to the concept of the periodic profile with at least two ribs of different height, one of which "is sacrificed" during crimping to "protect" the lower rib (s), it is therefore possible to use an economical and efficient assembly process while retaining a high exchange capacity for the tube itself.
Par ailleurs, comme la production de tubes selon l'invention ne nécessite pas de moyens autres que les moyens habituels pour produire les tubes rainurés standards, le tube selon l'invention ne revient donc pas plus cher qu'un tube selon l'art antérieur.Furthermore, since the production of tubes according to the invention does not require any means other than the usual means for producing standard grooved tubes, the tube according to the invention therefore does not cost more than a tube according to the prior art .
Les tubes rainurés selon l'invention ont aussi l'avantage d'être particulièrement adaptés à la fabrication d'échangeurs thermiques à ailettes serties, sans pour autant perdre de leur efficacité par rapport aux tubes rainurés de l'art antérieur dans les applications qui n'altèrent pas ou peu les rainures des tubes de départ, par exemple dans des échangeurs à ailettes soudées ou brasées.The grooved tubes according to the invention also have the advantage of being particularly suitable for the manufacture of heat exchangers with crimped fins, without losing their effectiveness compared to the grooved tubes of the prior art in applications which do '' Alter little or no grooves of the starting tubes, for example in exchangers with welded or brazed fins.
Il importe de noter en particulier l'effet très positif de l'invention sur la perte de charge, comme le montrent les exemples 5, 6 et 7.
Une nette diminution de diamètre du tube (diamètre extérieur = 9,52 mm pour les tubes de l'exemple 5 et 7,93 mm pour les tubes de l'exemple 6) n'a pas entraîné d'augmentation sensible de la perte de charge, contrairement à ce qui se produit avec les tubes de l'art antérieur.
Par ailleurs, la diminution de perte de charge observée avec les tubes selon l'invention par rapport aux tubes de l'art antérieur, est d'un grand intérêt pratique pour réduire le coût, l'encombrement et le poids du compresseur utilisé dans le circuit frigorifique.It is important to note in particular the very positive effect of the invention on the pressure drop, as shown in Examples 5, 6 and 7.
A clear reduction in the diameter of the tube (outside diameter = 9.52 mm for the tubes of Example 5 and 7.93 mm for the tubes of Example 6) did not lead to a significant increase in the loss of load, contrary to what occurs with the tubes of the prior art.
Furthermore, the reduction in pressure drop observed with the tubes according to the invention compared with the tubes of the prior art, is of great practical interest in reducing the cost, the bulk and the weight of the compressor used in the refrigeration circuit.
Claims (13)
- A tube (1), intended for manufacturing a heat exchanger by crimping vanes (4) on said tube (1), having an external diameter De of between 3 and 30 mm, being grooved internally with n helical ribs (2), where n is between 35 and 90, with a helix angle of between 5 and 50°, with an apex angle (alpha) of between 30 and 60°, characterised in that said ribs (2) form a periodic profile comprising at least two ribs of different height, the one known as the "tall" rib (2h) being of a height Hh, and the other one known as the "low" rib (2b) being of a height Hb, with a Hb/Hh ratio of between 0.40 and 0.97, each "tall" rib (2h) being disposed between two flat-bottomed grooves (3).
- A tube according to Claim 1 wherein the Hb/Hh ratio is preferably between 0.6 and 0.95.
- A tube according to any one of Claims 1 and 2 wherein said periodic profile comprises the alternation, symbolised by h/b, of a "tall" rib (2h) and a "low" rib (2b), or the succession, symbolised by h/b/b, of a "tall" rib and two "low" ribs.
- A tube according to Claim 3 wherein said periodic profile is constituted by said alternation h/b of "tall" ribs (2h) and low ribs (2b) which form flat-bottomed grooves (3) between them.
- A tube according to any one of Claims 1 to 4 wherein said "tall" rib (2h) has a height Hh such that Hh/De is between 0.003 and 0.05, and is preferably between 0.015 and 0.04.
- A tube according to Claim 5 wherein said "tall" rib (2h) is substantially triangular in section and is of a height Hh.
- A tube according to Claim 5 wherein said "tall" rib (2h) is substantially trapezoidal in section and is of a height Hh.
- A tube according to any one of Claims 1 to 7 wherein said "low" rib (2b) is substantially triangular in section and is of a height Hb.
- A tube according to any one of Claims 1 to 6 wherein the section of said flat-bottomed grooves (3) is non-trapezoidal and has an area S of between 0.020 and 0.15 mm2, preferably of between 0.060 and 0.15 mm2 in the case of a tube of external diameter De which is at least equal to 7.93 mm.
- A heat exchanger formed by crimping vanes and grooved tubes according to any one of Claims 1 to 9 wherein subsequent to a crimping mandrel passing through the inside of said tubes to assemble said vanes and said tubes, the ribs form a periodic profile comprising at least two ribs of different width, one known as the "wide" rib (20h) being trapezoidal in section and of large width Lh at mid-height, and the other known as the "narrow" rib (20b) being triangular or trapezoidal in section and of small width Lb at mid-height, with a (Lh-Lb)/De ratio which is at least equal to 0.003.
- An exchanger according to Claim 10 wherein said periodic profile comprises the alternation, symbolised by l/e of one "wide" rib (20h) and one "narrow" rib (20b), or the succession, symbolised by l/e/e of one "wide" rib and two "narrow" ribs.
- An exchanger according to Claim 11 wherein said "wide" rib (20h) and said "narrow" rib (20b) are substantially the same height (H'h = H'b) and wherein said flat-bottomed grooves (30) have a trapezoidal section of area S'.
- An exchanger according to Claim 10 wherein the section of said flat-bottomed grooves (30) has an area S' of between 0.015 and 0.060 mm2.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9307021A FR2706197B1 (en) | 1993-06-07 | 1993-06-07 | Grooved tubes for heat exchangers of air conditioning and refrigeration equipment, and corresponding exchangers. |
FR9307021 | 1993-06-07 | ||
PCT/FR1994/000646 WO1994029661A1 (en) | 1993-06-07 | 1994-06-02 | Grooved tubes for heat exchangers used in air conditioning and cooling apparatuses, and corresponding exchangers |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0701680A1 EP0701680A1 (en) | 1996-03-20 |
EP0701680B1 true EP0701680B1 (en) | 1997-01-08 |
Family
ID=9448003
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94917707A Expired - Lifetime EP0701680B1 (en) | 1993-06-07 | 1994-06-02 | Grooved tubes for heat exchangers used in air conditioning and cooling apparatuses, and corresponding exchangers |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5692560A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0701680B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100300237B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1065044C (en) |
AU (1) | AU677850B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9406753A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2164515C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69401434T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2096473T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2706197B1 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3022274T3 (en) |
IL (1) | IL109752A (en) |
MY (1) | MY110604A (en) |
SA (1) | SA94150259B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994029661A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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WO2003076861A1 (en) * | 2002-03-12 | 2003-09-18 | Trefimetaux | Slotted tube with reversible usage for heat exchangers |
FR2855601A1 (en) | 2003-05-26 | 2004-12-03 | Trefimetaux | GROOVED TUBES FOR THERMAL EXCHANGERS WITH TYPICALLY AQUEOUS MONOPHASIC FLUID |
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US6159781A (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2000-12-12 | Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing, Ltd. | Way to fabricate the self-aligned T-shape gate to reduce gate resistivity |
FR2795168B1 (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 2001-08-03 | Ciat Sa | HEAT EXCHANGE ELEMENT PROVIDED WITH RIBS AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, HEAT EXCHANGER PROVIDED WITH SUCH AN ELEMENT |
US6883597B2 (en) | 2001-04-17 | 2005-04-26 | Wolverine Tube, Inc. | Heat transfer tube with grooved inner surface |
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DK1845327T3 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2009-03-09 | Wolverine Tube Inc | Process for producing a heat transfer tube |
US7311137B2 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2007-12-25 | Wolverine Tube, Inc. | Heat transfer tube including enhanced heat transfer surfaces |
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US20060112535A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2006-06-01 | Petur Thors | Retractable finning tool and method of using |
JP4651366B2 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2011-03-16 | 住友軽金属工業株式会社 | Internal grooved heat transfer tube for high-pressure refrigerant |
WO2006105002A2 (en) * | 2005-03-25 | 2006-10-05 | Wolverine Tube, Inc. | Tool for making enhanced heat transfer surfaces |
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JP2010038502A (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2010-02-18 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Heat transfer tube for heat exchanger, heat exchanger, refrigerating cycle device and air conditioning device |
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DE102010007570A1 (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-11 | ThyssenKrupp Nirosta GmbH, 47807 | Product for fluidic applications, process for its preparation and use of such a product |
RU2557812C2 (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2015-07-27 | Мицубиси Электрик Корпорейшн | Heat exchanger, refrigerator provided with heat exchanger, and air conditioning device provided with heat exchanger |
CN104807358A (en) * | 2014-01-29 | 2015-07-29 | 卢瓦塔埃斯波公司 | Inner groove tube with irregular cross section |
DE102014017426A1 (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-05-25 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Method for producing an internally structured plain bearing bush |
CN112577355A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-03-30 | 约克(无锡)空调冷冻设备有限公司 | Heat exchange tube, heat exchanger and air conditioning system using heat exchanger |
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JPS57175896A (en) * | 1981-04-24 | 1982-10-28 | Hitachi Ltd | Heat transmission pipe |
JPS60142195A (en) * | 1983-12-28 | 1985-07-27 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Heat transfer tube equipped with groove on internal surface thereof |
US4660630A (en) * | 1985-06-12 | 1987-04-28 | Wolverine Tube, Inc. | Heat transfer tube having internal ridges, and method of making same |
DE8531100U1 (en) * | 1985-11-04 | 1987-10-29 | Viessmann, Hans, Dr.H.C., 3559 Battenberg, De | |
US5010643A (en) * | 1988-09-15 | 1991-04-30 | Carrier Corporation | High performance heat transfer tube for heat exchanger |
JPH04116391A (en) * | 1990-09-05 | 1992-04-16 | Mitsubishi Shindoh Co Ltd | Heat transferring tube and method for manufacturing heat transferring tube |
JPH0579783A (en) * | 1991-06-11 | 1993-03-30 | Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd | Heat transfer tube with inner surface groove |
GB9420946D0 (en) * | 1994-10-18 | 1994-12-07 | Univ Manchester | Heat transfer tube |
-
1993
- 1993-06-07 FR FR9307021A patent/FR2706197B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-05-24 IL IL10975294A patent/IL109752A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-02 US US08/549,808 patent/US5692560A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-02 AU AU69321/94A patent/AU677850B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-06-02 EP EP94917707A patent/EP0701680B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-02 CN CN941923665A patent/CN1065044C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-06-02 MY MYPI94001390A patent/MY110604A/en unknown
- 1994-06-02 DE DE69401434T patent/DE69401434T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-02 CA CA002164515A patent/CA2164515C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-06-02 BR BR9406753A patent/BR9406753A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-02 WO PCT/FR1994/000646 patent/WO1994029661A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-06-02 ES ES94917707T patent/ES2096473T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-02 KR KR1019950705417A patent/KR100300237B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-10-23 SA SA94150259A patent/SA94150259B1/en unknown
-
1997
- 1997-01-15 GR GR970400045T patent/GR3022274T3/en unknown
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003076861A1 (en) * | 2002-03-12 | 2003-09-18 | Trefimetaux | Slotted tube with reversible usage for heat exchangers |
FR2837270A1 (en) | 2002-03-12 | 2003-09-19 | Trefimetaux | GROOVED TUBES FOR REVERSIBLE USE FOR HEAT EXCHANGERS |
FR2855601A1 (en) | 2003-05-26 | 2004-12-03 | Trefimetaux | GROOVED TUBES FOR THERMAL EXCHANGERS WITH TYPICALLY AQUEOUS MONOPHASIC FLUID |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5692560A (en) | 1997-12-02 |
CA2164515A1 (en) | 1994-12-22 |
KR100300237B1 (en) | 2001-11-22 |
EP0701680A1 (en) | 1996-03-20 |
IL109752A0 (en) | 1994-08-26 |
MY110604A (en) | 1998-08-29 |
AU6932194A (en) | 1995-01-03 |
CA2164515C (en) | 1999-09-07 |
BR9406753A (en) | 1996-02-27 |
ES2096473T3 (en) | 1997-03-01 |
WO1994029661A1 (en) | 1994-12-22 |
DE69401434D1 (en) | 1997-02-20 |
DE69401434T2 (en) | 1997-05-28 |
KR960702900A (en) | 1996-05-23 |
GR3022274T3 (en) | 1997-04-30 |
IL109752A (en) | 1998-10-30 |
SA94150259B1 (en) | 2005-12-26 |
CN1065044C (en) | 2001-04-25 |
CN1125000A (en) | 1996-06-19 |
FR2706197B1 (en) | 1995-07-28 |
AU677850B2 (en) | 1997-05-08 |
FR2706197A1 (en) | 1994-12-16 |
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