EP2273224B1 - Heat exchange unit and corresponding heat exchanger, method of manufacturing a heat exchange unit - Google Patents

Heat exchange unit and corresponding heat exchanger, method of manufacturing a heat exchange unit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2273224B1
EP2273224B1 EP10164297A EP10164297A EP2273224B1 EP 2273224 B1 EP2273224 B1 EP 2273224B1 EP 10164297 A EP10164297 A EP 10164297A EP 10164297 A EP10164297 A EP 10164297A EP 2273224 B1 EP2273224 B1 EP 2273224B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
heat exchange
exchange unit
external envelope
internal conduit
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP10164297A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2273224A1 (en
Inventor
Christophe Denoual
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Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Publication of EP2273224A1 publication Critical patent/EP2273224A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/048—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0008—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium
    • F28D7/0025—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium the conduits for one medium or the conduits for both media being flat tubes or arrays of tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/022—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/04—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular polygonal, e.g. rectangular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/08—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes pressed; stamped; deep-drawn
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • F28F2255/16—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes extruded
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchange unit according to the preamble of claim 1 and a corresponding heat exchanger comprising such a heat exchange unit according to claim 8.
  • a method for producing a heat exchange unit according to the preamble of claim 13 is also referred to.
  • Such an exchange unit and such a method are known from the document WO 2005 033603 .
  • the invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the field of heat exchangers in motor vehicles, including internal exchangers in air conditioning cycles where the high-pressure refrigerant fluid and high temperature exchange with the same refrigerant fluid at low pressure and low temperature.
  • the tubes used are brazed on heat exchange elements consisting of spacers placed between the tubes.
  • these spacers are made in the form of corrugated surfaces, the tubes being soldered on the spacers at the vertices of the corrugations.
  • the invention therefore aims to provide a simplified assembly of a heat exchange unit for heat exchanger at lower cost.
  • the subject of the invention is a heat exchange unit between a first and second fluid according to claim 1.
  • Such a unit can be to manufacture and assemble easily while offering optimum heat transfer qualities, both by the points of contact between the inner tube and the outer tube but also by the fact that the first fluid is sandwiched between two layers of the first fluid.
  • Said inner duct is in the form of a plate and said outer casing has a generally hollow parallelepipedal shape, the outer casing having two side walls that extend between the ribbed walls.
  • the inner conduit is an extruded conduit.
  • the outer envelope delimits for its part a duct also made by extrusion. This ensures a high pressure resistance necessary for the use of such a unit with a supercritical refrigerant fluid of the carbon dioxide type where the burst pressures can reach 200 to 300 bar.
  • the outer casing is made from a strip, for example for air conditioning loops with lower pressure constraints.
  • at least one of the ribbed walls has at least one rib in contact with the inner conduit via a flat end of the rib. This ensures a good adhesion through a sufficient contact surface between the flat end and the outer wall of the inner conduit.
  • the sidewalls have local deformation, i.e. a curved recess inwardly of the outer shell. This feature facilitates a compression step of the outer shell.
  • the depression then has a V-shaped section before the compression step of the outer envelope, then a "U" shape whose branches touch each other after said compression step.
  • the invention covers a method of producing a heat exchange unit between a first and a second fluid according to claim 13.
  • said ribbed walls are formed on the inner surface of said outer shell by means of ribs.
  • said ribbed walls are formed on the outer surface of said inner duct by means of ribs.
  • the inner duct is made beforehand by an extrusion step.
  • the outer shell and the ribbed walls are made beforehand by a common extrusion step.
  • said ribbed or rib walls are formed by folding a metal strip.
  • the manufacturing method comprises a step in which the internal surface of said outer casing is fixed by bonding or soldering to the external surface of said inner duct, in order to optimize the adhesion.
  • a curved recess is made inwardly of said outer casing, substantially in the middle of lateral walls of the outer casing, to facilitate the compression step B) of the outer casing.
  • Such a method makes it possible to obtain a single heat exchange unit with several circulation channels instead of several tubes to be assembled together, which makes it possible to reduce the number of components to be assembled in a thermal exchange and reduces the risks of leaks. .
  • the arrangement of the circulation channels makes it possible to improve the heat exchange between the two fluids.
  • the invention relates to a heat exchange unit between a first and a second fluid intended to be used in particular in an internal heat exchanger for example in an air conditioning circuit of a motor vehicle.
  • An internal exchanger is a device allowing the refrigerant fluid to exchange heat with the same fluid, but in a different temperature and pressure state.
  • the refrigerant fluid is typically a chlorinated and fluorinated fluid operating in a subcritical regime, such as the R-134a fluid.
  • the coolant can also be a super-critical fluid such as carbon dioxide known as R744.
  • An air conditioning circuit 1 as illustrated on the figure 1 typically comprises, in the direction of circulation of the cooling fluid, a compressor 3, a condenser or gas cooler 5, an internal exchanger 7, an expansion member, calibrated orifice or expander 9, an evaporator 11 and a drying accumulator or bottle 13, these different elements being connected to each other by connecting pieces, such as tubes, tubings, pipes or the like, so as to ensure a circulation of refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant, sent by the compressor 3, passes through the condenser 5, from which it comes out in a state of high pressure and high temperature.
  • the refrigerant then passes through the internal heat exchanger 7, then is expanded in the expander 9.
  • the fluid thus expanded is then conveyed to the evaporator 11, before joining the internal exchanger 7 in a state of low pressure and low temperature that he goes through.
  • the desiccant bottle 13 can be inserted between the condenser 5 and the internal exchanger 7.
  • the internal heat exchanger 7 is arranged so that it is traversed in one direction by the high-pressure refrigerant and high temperature (first fluid) and in the other direction by low-pressure refrigerant and low temperature (second fluid ). It is a single fluid since the air conditioning circuit 1 is a closed loop. Thus, the hot fluid at high pressure from the condenser 5 exchanges heat with the same cold and low pressure fluid from the evaporator 11. In other words, the internal exchanger 7 ensures a thermal exchange of the refrigerant fluid at two points different from the air conditioning circuit.
  • Such exchanger 7 may comprise one or more exchange units as shown in FIG. figure 2a .
  • an exchange unit 15 may be provided with a plurality of inner ducts inserted into a common outer shell 19.
  • An alternative embodiment with two inner ducts 17 'and 17 "in the same casing 19 is illustrated on FIG. figure 2b .
  • the inner conduit 17 is in the form of a plate whose outer surface is substantially smooth.
  • the inner duct 17 ( figure 3 ) comprises a plurality of first longitudinal channels 21 for the circulation of the first fluid, for example in a substantially cylindrical shape. These channels 21 are parallel to one another and are separated by longitudinal partitions 23 of the inner duct 17.
  • This inner duct 17 has thin walls, which makes it possible to limit the weight of the heat exchange unit 15 and to improve heat exchange.
  • the inner conduit 17 is thus made by an extrusion process of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • the outer envelope 19, better visible on the figure 4 has for example a hollow parallelepipedal overall shape, and has an orifice 25 for the insertion of the inner conduit 17.
  • the outer casing 19 comprises in practice four inner walls said ribbed at the base of which the ribs 27 extend towards the interior duct 17.
  • the longitudinal internal surfaces of the outer shell 19 are the ribbed walls 19a, the plurality of ribs 27 of which terminate in a flat end 50 which adhere to the outer surface or wall of the inner pipe 17, so as to delimit a plurality of second longitudinal channels 29 for the circulation of the second fluid.
  • These second channels 29 extend substantially parallel to the first channels 21 between the inner duct 17 and the outer casing 19.
  • the second fluid passing through the second circulation channels 29 is in direct contact with the inner conduit 17, which optimizes the heat exchange with the first fluid.
  • the outer casing 19 also has thin walls, for example of the order of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, to limit the weight of the heat exchange unit and improve heat exchange.
  • the outer casing 19 also has a local deformation of the lateral internal walls of the outer casing 19 substantially in the middle of said side walls.
  • the local deformation of the outer casing 19 is formed by a recess 41 curved inwardly of the outer casing 19.
  • This depression 41 curved inwardly of the outer casing 19 is present on lateral walls 51 of the outer casing 19 which extend between the ribbed walls 19a.
  • the depressions 41 then form a fold over the entire length of the outer envelope 19.
  • the outer casing 19 is made of aluminum and in the mass for example by means of an extrusion process.
  • the outer casing 19 is made by stamping from an aluminum strip.
  • one of the two depressions 41 is cut along the length so as to separate the two ribbed walls 19a.
  • the other sink 41 then serves as a hinge to fold the first ribbed wall 19a on the second opposite ribbed wall and thus sandwich the inner conduit 17.
  • This alternative is particularly dedicated to the manufacture of an envelope outer 19 from an aluminum strip (or aluminum alloy) as mentioned above.
  • Such a heat exchange unit can thus be easily assembled in a heat exchanger which then has a reduced number of components.
  • FIGS. 5a to 6b schematically represent a heat exchange unit as described above connected to a manifold for example of the internal heat exchanger 7.
  • the portion illustrated on the left has a symmetrical portion not shown to the right.
  • This exchanger 7 may comprise at least two manifolds 31, one for the introduction of the fluid and one for the evacuation of the fluid.
  • manifolds 31 may be made from a metallic material such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, or plastic.
  • a first embodiment showing a closed circuit for fluids is illustrated on the Figures 5a to 5c .
  • collectors 33 and 35 are sealed and respectively delimit chambers communicating with the associated ends 37 of the inner duct 17 and 39 of the outer casing 19.
  • the internal volume of these collectors 33 and 35 are respectively in communication with the first channels 21 and the second channels 29.
  • the two collectors 33 and 35 may be arranged side by side, for example with the first collector 33 upstream of the second collector 35.
  • the manifold 31 has a generally parallelepipedal shape and two collectors 33, 35 of substantially cylindrical general section formed for example by extrusion.
  • the two collectors 33 and 35 are formed by two contiguous cylinders and on the figure 5c by two spaced cylinders.
  • Each manifold 33, 35 has an opening of complementary shape to the shape of the ends 37 or 39, here of generally rectangular general section, for receiving the associated ends 37 of the inner duct 17 and 39 of the outer casing 19.
  • a manifold 31 has in cross section a generally "eight" shape, the first 31a delimits the first manifold 33 and the second 31b loop delimits the second manifold 35.
  • the common portion 31c c at the two loops 31a, 31b of the "eight" has an opening for the passage of an associated end 37,39. In the example illustrated, it is the end 37 of the inner duct 17 which passes through the second collector 35 to be connected to the first collector 33.
  • the end 37 of the inner duct 17 projects from the end 39 of the outer casing 19. This allows the ends 37 of the inner duct 17 and 39 to be connected independently and in a simple manner. outer casing 19, respectively to the first 17 and second 19 collectors.
  • the two collectors 33 and 35 are nested inside one another.
  • solder plating may be provided on ends 37 and 39 for brazing attachment to collectors 33 and 35.
  • the second embodiment illustrated on the Figures 6a and 6b represents a closed circuit for the first fluid and open for the second fluid.
  • the manifolds 31 respectively comprise a single manifold 33 to which is attached the associated end 37 of the inner duct 17 for the introduction and evacuation of the first fluid.
  • the collectors respectively comprise at their ends introduction pipes and fluid discharge.
  • the inner conduit 17 is produced. It is possible, for example, to extrude to form the first circulation channels 21 of the first fluid (see FIG. figure 3 ).
  • the base material used to make an outer casing 19, for example aluminum or aluminum alloy, is chosen, then the outer casing 19 is produced in the form of a duct made by extrusion. Then, for example, by extrusion, an internal orifice 25 is made in the envelope 19.
  • the outer envelope 19 is made from a strip which is folded substantially at its center, the location of one of the 41
  • the inner conduit 17 can be introduced laterally, that is to say according to a perpendicular displacement of the inner conduit 17 relative to the depression 41 remained open. .
  • the orifice 25 is intended to receive the inner duct 17 and has for this purpose a shape complementary to the shape of the inner duct 17.
  • a plurality of ribs 27 are formed on the walls longitudinal inner 19a of the outer casing 19, (see figure 4 ).
  • these ribs 27 are made at the same time as the outer casing 19 during the extrusion step.
  • a first step A the inner conduit 17 is inserted into the orifice 25 ( figure 8 ).
  • the inner duct 17 is inserted into the outer casing 19 along an axis of insertion parallel to the first 21 and second 29 channels, so that the longitudinal walls of the inner duct 17 and the outer casing 19 extend parallel.
  • a first clearance G1 is present between the outer longitudinal walls 17a of the inner pipe 17 and the ends 50 of the ribs 27 on the inner longitudinal walls 19a of the outer shell 19.
  • a second clearance G2 is present between the walls external side 17b of the inner duct 17 and the inner surface of the recess 41 of the outer casing 19.
  • the presence of these first G1 and second G2 clearances allows easy insertion of the inner duct 17 in the outer casing 19.
  • These first G 1 and second G2 games are between 0.05mm and 0.3mm.
  • the arrangement of the channels 21 and ribs 27 parallel to the longitudinal directions allows a parallel flow of the first and second fluids, co-current or against the current.
  • the outer envelope 19 is compressed, for example by pressing or rolling, so that the volume of the outer envelope 19 is reduced.
  • the depressions 41 have a "V" -shaped section before the pressing or rolling step while they have a "U” -shaped section where the branches touch each other after pressing or rolling.
  • the heat exchange unit thus has a reduced size which makes it possible to reduce the size of the heat exchanger.
  • the side walls of the outer casing 19 having this recess 41 deform inwardly so as to come into contact with the inner duct 17 (see FIG. figure 8 ), which allows adhesion between the inner surface of the outer casing 19 and the outer surface of the inner duct 17 via the flat ends 50 of the ribs 27 and / or via the end of the depressions 41.
  • step B Moreover and after the compression step B, and this to optimize the adhesion and the seal between the inner conduit 17 and the outer casing 19, there is provided a step in which it is secured, for example by brazing or gluing, the inner walls 19a, 19b of the outer casing 19 to the outer walls 17a, 17b of the inner duct 17.
  • the side walls 51 may also be welded or brazed to the inner duct 17.
  • the heat exchange unit 15 thus produced makes it possible to optimize the heat exchange between the two fluids.
  • One or more heat exchange units 15 can then be assembled to the collector boxes to assemble a heat exchanger.
  • the entire heat exchange can then pass into a suitable brazing furnace, to braze in one operation the different parts to be fixed, such as the ends 37 and 39 of the inner pipe 17 and the outer shell 19 with the boxes. 33,35 or the outer surface of the inner conduit 17 with the inner surface of the outer casing 19.
  • heat exchange unit 15 can be made simply and easily connected to the manifolds 33,35 which allows to optimize the time and cost of assembly of a heat exchanger.

Abstract

The unit (15) has an interior duct (17) i.e. extruded duct, comprising a set of longitudinal internal channels that circulates fluid. A hollow exterior envelope (19) is hosed in the interior duct and manufactured using a strip. Two ribbed walls (19a) are arranged on either side of the interior duct to delimit another set of longitudinal channels (29) for circulating another fluid that is in contact with the interior duct and the exterior envelope. The latter set of channels is extended in parallel to the former set of longitudinal internal channels. An independent claim is also included for a method for manufacturing a heat exchange unit between two fluids.

Description

L'invention concerne une unité d'échange thermique selon le préambule de la revendication 1 et un échangeur thermique correspondant comprenant une telle unité d'échange thermique selon la revendication 8. Un procédé de réalisation d'une unité d'échange thermique selon le préambule de la revendication 13 est aussi visé. Une telle unité d'échange et un tel procédé sont connus du document WO 2005 033603 .The invention relates to a heat exchange unit according to the preamble of claim 1 and a corresponding heat exchanger comprising such a heat exchange unit according to claim 8. A method for producing a heat exchange unit according to the preamble of claim 13 is also referred to. Such an exchange unit and such a method are known from the document WO 2005 033603 .

L'invention trouve une application particulièrement avantageuse dans le domaine des échangeurs thermique dans les véhicules automobiles, notamment les échangeurs internes dans les cycles de climatisation où le fluide réfrigérant à haute pression et haute température échange avec le même fluide réfrigérant à basse pression et à basse température.The invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the field of heat exchangers in motor vehicles, including internal exchangers in air conditioning cycles where the high-pressure refrigerant fluid and high temperature exchange with the same refrigerant fluid at low pressure and low temperature.

On connaît aujourd'hui des échangeurs thermique pour véhicules automobiles constitués par un faisceau de tubes disposés parallèlement sur une ou plusieurs rangées, ces tubes étant destinés à la circulation à travers l'échangeur d'un fluide caloporteur.There are now known heat exchangers for motor vehicles consisting of a bundle of tubes arranged in parallel on one or more rows, these tubes being intended for the circulation through the exchanger of a heat transfer fluid.

D'une manière connue, les tubes utilisés sont brasés sur des éléments d'échange thermique constitués par des intercalaires placés entre les tubes. En général, ces intercalaires sont réalisés sous forme de surfaces ondulées, les tubes étant brasés sur les intercalaires au niveau des sommets des ondulations.In known manner, the tubes used are brazed on heat exchange elements consisting of spacers placed between the tubes. In general, these spacers are made in the form of corrugated surfaces, the tubes being soldered on the spacers at the vertices of the corrugations.

Le document US2003/0066636A1 divulgue un tube pour échangeur thermique comprenant une pluralité de passages alignée en deux rangées parallèles. Ce tube est mis en oeuvre par un procédé d'extrusion au cours duquel les deux rangées de passages sont réalisées simultanément.The document US2003 / 0066636A1 discloses a heat exchanger tube comprising a plurality of passages aligned in two parallel rows. This tube is implemented by an extrusion process in which the two rows of passages are made simultaneously.

Cependant une telle technique manque de flexibilité puisque les deux rangées sont fabriquées simultanément. Par ailleurs, un tel tube n'optimise pas les échanges thermiques entre rangées de passages. Enfin, l'assemblage de boîte collectrice à l'extrémité du tube est rendu compliqué par la constitution simultanée des deux rangées de passages. Il en résulte que l'assemblage de l'ensemble des tubes s'avère long et coûteux, et impacte l'assemblage et le coût de l'échangeur thermique.However, such a technique lacks flexibility since the two rows are manufactured simultaneously. Moreover, such a tube does not optimize heat exchange between rows of passages. Finally, the collector box assembly at the end of the tube is made complicated by the simultaneous constitution of the two rows of passages. As a result, the assembly of all the tubes is long and expensive, and impacts the assembly and the cost of the heat exchanger.

L'invention a donc pour objectif de proposer un assemblage simplifié d'une unité d'échange thermique pour échangeur thermique à moindre coût.The invention therefore aims to provide a simplified assembly of a heat exchange unit for heat exchanger at lower cost.

À cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une unité d'échange thermique entre un premier et un second fluide selon la revendication 1.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a heat exchange unit between a first and second fluid according to claim 1.

Une telle unité peut être de fabriquer et assembler aisément tout en offrant des qualités de transfert thermique optimum, à la fois par les points de contact entre le tube interne et le tube externe mais aussi par le fait que le premier fluide est pris en sandwich entre deux couches du premier fluide. On augmente ainsi facilement la surface d'échange.
Ledit conduit intérieur est réalisé sous la forme d'une plaque et ladite enveloppe extérieure présente une forme générale parallélépipédique creuse, l'enveloppe extérieure présentant deux parois latérales qui s'étendent entre les parois nervurées.
Avantageusement encore, le conduit intérieur est un conduit extrudé. L'enveloppe extérieure délimite quant à elle un conduit réalisé aussi par extrusion. Ceci assure une haute résistance à la pression nécessaire à l'utilisation d'une telle unité avec un fluide réfrigérant super-critique du type dioxyde de carbone où les pressions d'éclatement peuvent atteindre 200 à 300 bars.
En alternative, l'enveloppe extérieure est fabriquée à partir d'un feuillard, par exemple pour les boucles de climatisation avec des contraintes de pressions moins élevées.
Selon une première variante, au moins une des parois nervurées présente au moins une nervure en contact avec le conduit intérieur par l'intermédiaire d'une extrémité plate de la nervure. On assure ainsi une bonne adhérence grâce à une surface de contact suffisante entre l'extrémité plate et la paroi externe du conduit intérieur.Such a unit can be to manufacture and assemble easily while offering optimum heat transfer qualities, both by the points of contact between the inner tube and the outer tube but also by the fact that the first fluid is sandwiched between two layers of the first fluid. This increases the exchange surface easily.
Said inner duct is in the form of a plate and said outer casing has a generally hollow parallelepipedal shape, the outer casing having two side walls that extend between the ribbed walls.
Advantageously, the inner conduit is an extruded conduit. The outer envelope delimits for its part a duct also made by extrusion. This ensures a high pressure resistance necessary for the use of such a unit with a supercritical refrigerant fluid of the carbon dioxide type where the burst pressures can reach 200 to 300 bar.
Alternatively, the outer casing is made from a strip, for example for air conditioning loops with lower pressure constraints.
According to a first variant, at least one of the ribbed walls has at least one rib in contact with the inner conduit via a flat end of the rib. This ensures a good adhesion through a sufficient contact surface between the flat end and the outer wall of the inner conduit.

Les parois latérales présentant une déformation locale, c'est-à-dire un enfoncement incurvé vers l'intérieur de l'enveloppe extérieure. Cette caractéristique facilite une étape de compression de l'enveloppe extérieure. L'enfoncement présente alors une section en forme de « V » avant létape de compression de l'enveloppe extérieur, puis une forme de « U » dont les branches se touchent après ladite étape de compression.The sidewalls have local deformation, i.e. a curved recess inwardly of the outer shell. This feature facilitates a compression step of the outer shell. The depression then has a V-shaped section before the compression step of the outer envelope, then a "U" shape whose branches touch each other after said compression step.

L'invention vise également un échangeur thermique comprenant au moins une unité d'échange thermique telle que définie ci-dessus.
Ledit échangeur comporte au moins une boîte collectrice d'introduction et au moins une boîte collectrice d'évacuation de fluide, lesdites boîtes collectrices comportant respectivement :

  • un premier collecteur associé au premier fluide et connecté à une extrémité associée dudit conduit intérieur, et
  • un second collecteur associé au second fluide et connecté à une extrémité associée de ladite enveloppe extérieure, lesdits collecteurs étant séparés de façon étanche.
Avantageusement, ladite boîte collectrice présente en section transversale une forme générale sensiblement en « huit », dont la première et la seconde boucles délimitent respectivement le premier et le second collecteur, et dont la partie commune aux deux boucles présente une ouverture pour le passage d'une extrémité associée. Alternativement, l'échangeur thermique comporte au moins une boîte collectrice d'introduction et au moins une boîte collectrice d'évacuation de fluide, lesdites boîtes collectrices comportant respectivement un unique collecteur connecté à une extrémité associée dudit conduit intérieur pour l'introduction et l'évacuation du premier fluide.
Les extrémités associées dudit conduit intérieur font saillie de part et d'autre de ladite enveloppe extérieure.The invention also relates to a heat exchanger comprising at least one heat exchange unit as defined above.
Said heat exchanger comprises at least one introduction header and at least one fluid discharge manifold, said manifolds comprising respectively:
  • a first collector associated with the first fluid and connected to an associated end of said inner conduit, and
  • a second collector associated with the second fluid and connected to an associated end of said outer casing, said collectors being sealed.
Advantageously, said collecting box has in cross section a generally "eight" -shaped general shape, the first and second loops of which respectively delimit the first and second collectors, and whose common part to the two loops has an opening for the passage of an associated end. Alternatively, the heat exchanger comprises at least one introducer manifold and at least one fluid evacuation manifold, said manifolds comprising respectively a single manifold connected to an associated end of said inner duct for the introduction and the evacuation of the first fluid.
The associated ends of said inner duct protrude from either side of said outer casing.

Enfin, l'invention couvre un procédé de réalisation d'une unité d'échange thermique entre un premier et un second fluide selon la revendication 13.Finally, the invention covers a method of producing a heat exchange unit between a first and a second fluid according to claim 13.

Dans ce procédé, lesdites parois nervurées sont formées sur la surface interne de ladite enveloppe extérieure au moyen de nervures. Alternativement, lesdites parois nervurées sont formées sur la surface externe dudit conduit intérieur au moyen de nervures. Avantageusement, le conduit intérieur est réalisé préalablement par une étape d'extrusion.
L'enveloppe extérieure et les parois nervurées sont réalisées préalablement par une étape commune d'extrusion.
Alternativement, lesdites parois nervurées ou nervures sont formées par pliage d'une bande métallique.
Le procédé de réalisation comprend une étape dans laquelle on fixe par collage ou brasage la surface interne de ladite enveloppe extérieure à la surface externe dudit conduit intérieur, pour optimiser l'adhérence.
On réalise un enfoncement incurvé vers l'intérieur de ladite enveloppe extérieure, sensiblement au milieu de parois latérales de l'enveloppe extérieure, pour faciliter l'étape B) de compression de l'enveloppe extérieure.In this method, said ribbed walls are formed on the inner surface of said outer shell by means of ribs. Alternatively, said ribbed walls are formed on the outer surface of said inner duct by means of ribs. Advantageously, the inner duct is made beforehand by an extrusion step.
The outer shell and the ribbed walls are made beforehand by a common extrusion step.
Alternatively, said ribbed or rib walls are formed by folding a metal strip.
The manufacturing method comprises a step in which the internal surface of said outer casing is fixed by bonding or soldering to the external surface of said inner duct, in order to optimize the adhesion.
A curved recess is made inwardly of said outer casing, substantially in the middle of lateral walls of the outer casing, to facilitate the compression step B) of the outer casing.

Un tel procédé permet d'obtenir une seule unité d'échange thermique avec plusieurs canaux de circulation au lieu de plusieurs tubes à assembler entre eux, ce qui permet de réduire le nombre de composants à assembler dans un échanger thermique et réduit les risques de fuites.Such a method makes it possible to obtain a single heat exchange unit with several circulation channels instead of several tubes to be assembled together, which makes it possible to reduce the number of components to be assembled in a thermal exchange and reduces the risks of leaks. .

En outre, la disposition des canaux de circulation permet d'améliorer l'échange thermique entre les deux fluides.In addition, the arrangement of the circulation channels makes it possible to improve the heat exchange between the two fluids.

La description suivante est donnée à titre d'exemple, sans caractère limitatif, en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est un schéma représentant un circuit de climatisation classique,
  • la figure 2a représente une vue en coupe transversale d'une unité d'échange thermique selon un premier mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 2b représente une vue en section transversale d'une unité d'échange thermique selon un second mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 3 illustre un conduit intérieur de l'unité d'échange thermique de la figure 2a,
  • la figure 4 illustre une enveloppe extérieure de l'unité d'échange thermique de la figure 2a,
  • les figures 5a à 5c représente partiellement l'unité d'échange thermique de la figure 2a reliée à une boîte collectrice selon un premier mode de réalisation,
  • les figures 6a et 6b représente partiellement l'unité d'échange thermique de la figure 2a reliée à une boîte collectrice selon un second mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 7 illustre les étapes successives d'un procédé de réalisation de l'unité de la figure 2a, et
  • la figure 8 représente l'unité d'échange thermique de la figure 2a durant une étape du procédé de la figure 7.
The following description is given by way of example, without limitation, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a diagram showing a conventional air conditioning circuit,
  • the figure 2a represents a cross-sectional view of a heat exchange unit according to a first embodiment,
  • the figure 2b represents a cross-sectional view of a heat exchange unit according to a second embodiment,
  • the figure 3 illustrates an inner duct of the heat exchange unit of the figure 2a ,
  • the figure 4 illustrates an outer shell of the heat exchange unit of the figure 2a ,
  • the Figures 5a to 5c partially represents the heat exchange unit of the figure 2a connected to a collecting box according to a first embodiment,
  • the Figures 6a and 6b partially represents the heat exchange unit of the figure 2a connected to a collector box according to a second embodiment,
  • the figure 7 illustrates the successive steps of a method of realizing the unity of the figure 2a , and
  • the figure 8 represents the heat exchange unit of the figure 2a during a stage of the process of the figure 7 .

Sur ces figures, les éléments sensiblement identiques portent les mêmes références.In these figures, substantially identical elements have the same references.

L'invention concerne une unité d'échange thermique entre un premier et un second fluide destinée à être utilisée notamment dans un échangeur thermique interne par exemple dans un circuit de climatisation d'un véhicule automobile.The invention relates to a heat exchange unit between a first and a second fluid intended to be used in particular in an internal heat exchanger for example in an air conditioning circuit of a motor vehicle.

Un échangeur interne est un dispositif permettant au fluide réfrigérant d'échanger de la chaleur avec ce même fluide, mais dans un état de température et de pression différent.An internal exchanger is a device allowing the refrigerant fluid to exchange heat with the same fluid, but in a different temperature and pressure state.

Le fluide réfrigérant est typiquement un fluide chloré et fluoré fonctionnant dans un régime sous-critique, tel que le fluide R-134a. Néanmoins, le fluide réfrigérant peut aussi être une fluide super-critique comme par exemple le dioxyde de carbone connu sous la référence R744.The refrigerant fluid is typically a chlorinated and fluorinated fluid operating in a subcritical regime, such as the R-134a fluid. However, the coolant can also be a super-critical fluid such as carbon dioxide known as R744.

Un circuit de climatisation 1 tel qu'illustré sur la figure 1, comprend typiquement, dans le sens de circulation du fluide réfrigérant, un compresseur 3, un condenseur ou refroidisseur de gaz 5, un échangeur interne 7, un organe de détente, orifice calibré ou détendeur 9, un évaporateur 11 et un accumulateur ou bouteille dessiccante 13, ces différents éléments étant reliés les uns aux autres par des pièces de jonction, tels que des tubes, des tubulures, des tuyaux ou analogues, de manière à assurer une circulation de fluide réfrigérant.An air conditioning circuit 1 as illustrated on the figure 1 , typically comprises, in the direction of circulation of the cooling fluid, a compressor 3, a condenser or gas cooler 5, an internal exchanger 7, an expansion member, calibrated orifice or expander 9, an evaporator 11 and a drying accumulator or bottle 13, these different elements being connected to each other by connecting pieces, such as tubes, tubings, pipes or the like, so as to ensure a circulation of refrigerant.

Sur la figure 1, des flèches illustrent la circulation du fluide réfrigérant.On the figure 1 arrows illustrate the circulation of the coolant.

Le fluide réfrigérant, envoyé par le compresseur 3, traverse le condenseur 5, duquel il ressort dans un état de haute pression et de haute température. Le fluide réfrigérant traverse ensuite l'échangeur interne 7, puis est détendu dans le détendeur 9. Le fluide ainsi détendu est ensuite acheminé vers l'évaporateur 11, avant de rejoindre l'échangeur interne 7 dans un état de basse pression et de basse température, qu'il traverse. La bouteille dessiccante 13 peut être intercalée entre le condenseur 5 et l'échangeur interne 7.The refrigerant, sent by the compressor 3, passes through the condenser 5, from which it comes out in a state of high pressure and high temperature. The refrigerant then passes through the internal heat exchanger 7, then is expanded in the expander 9. The fluid thus expanded is then conveyed to the evaporator 11, before joining the internal exchanger 7 in a state of low pressure and low temperature that he goes through. The desiccant bottle 13 can be inserted between the condenser 5 and the internal exchanger 7.

L'échangeur thermique interne 7 est disposé de telle sorte qu'il est parcouru dans un sens par le réfrigérant à haute pression et haute température (premier fluide) et dans l'autre sens par du réfrigérant à basse pression et basse température (second fluide). Il s'agit d'un seul et même fluide puisque le circuit de climatisation 1 est une boucle fermée. Ainsi, le fluide chaud à haute pression provenant du condenseur 5 échange de la chaleur avec ce même fluide froid et à basse pression provenant de l'évaporateur 11. Autrement dit, l'échangeur interne 7 assure un échange thermique du fluide réfrigérant en deux points différents du circuit de climatisation.The internal heat exchanger 7 is arranged so that it is traversed in one direction by the high-pressure refrigerant and high temperature (first fluid) and in the other direction by low-pressure refrigerant and low temperature (second fluid ). It is a single fluid since the air conditioning circuit 1 is a closed loop. Thus, the hot fluid at high pressure from the condenser 5 exchanges heat with the same cold and low pressure fluid from the evaporator 11. In other words, the internal exchanger 7 ensures a thermal exchange of the refrigerant fluid at two points different from the air conditioning circuit.

À la sortie de l'échangeur 7, le fluide gagne à nouveau le compresseur 3, et ainsi de suite.At the outlet of the exchanger 7, the fluid gains again the compressor 3, and so on.

Un tel échangeur 7 peut comprendre une ou plusieurs unités d'échange thermique 15 telle que représentée sur la figure 2a.Such exchanger 7 may comprise one or more exchange units as shown in FIG. figure 2a .

L'unité d'échange thermique 15 comporte :

  • un conduit intérieur 17,
  • une enveloppe extérieure 19 creuse formant logement pour le conduit intérieur 17, et
  • au moins deux parois nervurées 19a de part et d'autre du conduit intérieur 17. La paroi 19a est considérée comme nervurée dès lors qu'elle comporte au moins une excroissance ou nervure 27 qui établi une relation mécanique entre l'enveloppe extérieure 19 et le conduit intérieur 17.
The heat exchange unit 15 comprises:
  • an inner duct 17,
  • a hollow outer casing 19 forming a housing for the inner duct 17, and
  • at least two ribbed walls 19a on either side of the inner duct 17. The wall 19a is considered as ribbed since it comprises at least one protrusion or rib 27 which establishes a mechanical relationship between the outer casing 19 and the interior duct 17.

En alternative, on peut prévoir une unité d'échange 15 avec plusieurs conduits intérieurs insérés dans une enveloppe extérieure 19 commune. Une variante de réalisation avec deux conduits intérieurs 17' et 17" dans une même enveloppe 19 est illustrée sur la figure 2b.Alternatively, an exchange unit 15 may be provided with a plurality of inner ducts inserted into a common outer shell 19. An alternative embodiment with two inner ducts 17 'and 17 "in the same casing 19 is illustrated on FIG. figure 2b .

Dans l'exemple illustré sur la figure 2a, le conduit intérieur 17 est réalisé sous la forme d'une plaque dont la surface externe est sensiblement lisse.In the example shown on the figure 2a , the inner conduit 17 is in the form of a plate whose outer surface is substantially smooth.

Le conduit intérieur 17 (figure 3) comporte une pluralité de premiers canaux longitudinaux 21 pour la circulation du premier fluide, par exemple selon une forme sensiblement cylindrique. Ces canaux 21 sont parallèles entre eux et sont séparés par des cloisons longitudinales 23 du conduit intérieur 17.The inner duct 17 ( figure 3 ) comprises a plurality of first longitudinal channels 21 for the circulation of the first fluid, for example in a substantially cylindrical shape. These channels 21 are parallel to one another and are separated by longitudinal partitions 23 of the inner duct 17.

Ce conduit intérieur 17 présente des parois minces, ce qui permet de limiter le poids de l'unité d'échange thermique 15 et d'améliorer les échanges thermiques.This inner duct 17 has thin walls, which makes it possible to limit the weight of the heat exchange unit 15 and to improve heat exchange.

En outre, la réalisation d'un unique conduit 17 avec plusieurs canaux 21 de circulation de fluide permet de réduire le nombre de composants par rapport à plusieurs tubes ou plaques délimitant respectivement un seul canal de circulation de fluide, ce qui facilite l'assemblage. Le conduit intérieur 17 est ainsi réalisé par un procédé d'extrusion en aluminium ou un alliage d'aluminium.In addition, the production of a single duct 17 with several fluid circulation channels 21 makes it possible to reduce the number of components with respect to several tubes or plates delimiting respectively a single fluid circulation channel, which facilitates assembly. The inner conduit 17 is thus made by an extrusion process of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

L'enveloppe extérieure 19, mieux visible sur la figure 4, présente par exemple une forme générale parallélépipédique creuse, et comporte un orifice 25 pour l'insertion du conduit intérieur 17. L'enveloppe extérieure 19 comporte en pratique quatre parois internes dites nervurés à la base desquelles les nervures 27 s'étendent en direction du conduit intérieur 17.The outer envelope 19, better visible on the figure 4 , has for example a hollow parallelepipedal overall shape, and has an orifice 25 for the insertion of the inner conduit 17. The outer casing 19 comprises in practice four inner walls said ribbed at the base of which the ribs 27 extend towards the interior duct 17.

Comme on le constate sur les figures 2a et 4, les surfaces internes longitudinales de l'enveloppe extérieure 19 sont les parois nervurées 19a dont la pluralité de nervures 27 se terminent par une extrémité plate 50 qui adhèrent à la surface ou paroi externe du conduit intérieur 17, de manière à délimiter une pluralité de seconds canaux longitudinaux 29 pour la circulation du second fluide. Ces seconds canaux 29 s'étendent sensiblement parallèlement aux premiers canaux 21 entre le conduit intérieur 17 et l'enveloppe extérieure 19.As can be seen from the Figures 2a and 4 the longitudinal internal surfaces of the outer shell 19 are the ribbed walls 19a, the plurality of ribs 27 of which terminate in a flat end 50 which adhere to the outer surface or wall of the inner pipe 17, so as to delimit a plurality of second longitudinal channels 29 for the circulation of the second fluid. These second channels 29 extend substantially parallel to the first channels 21 between the inner duct 17 and the outer casing 19.

Le second fluide traversant les seconds canaux 29 de circulation se trouve en contact direct avec le conduit intérieur 17, ce qui optimise l'échange thermique avec le premier fluide.The second fluid passing through the second circulation channels 29 is in direct contact with the inner conduit 17, which optimizes the heat exchange with the first fluid.

L'enveloppe extérieure 19 présente également des parois minces, à titre d'exemple de l'ordre de 0.2 mm à 0.5mm, pour limiter le poids de l'unité d'échange thermique et améliorer les échanges thermiques.The outer casing 19 also has thin walls, for example of the order of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, to limit the weight of the heat exchange unit and improve heat exchange.

L'enveloppe extérieure 19 présente par ailleurs une déformation locale des parois internes latérales de l'enveloppe extérieure 19 sensiblement au milieu desdites parois latérales.The outer casing 19 also has a local deformation of the lateral internal walls of the outer casing 19 substantially in the middle of said side walls.

Dans l'exemple illustré, la déformation locale de l'enveloppe extérieure 19 est formée par un enfoncement 41 incurvé vers l'intérieur de l'enveloppe extérieure 19. Cet enfoncement 41 incurvé vers l'intérieur de l'enveloppe extérieure 19 est présent sur des parois latérales 51 de l'enveloppe extérieur 19 qui s'étendent entre les parois nervurées 19a. Les enfoncements 41 forment alors un pli sur toute la longueur de l'enveloppe extérieure 19. Ces enfoncements ont pour fonction de faciliter l'étape de compression (détaillée ci-après) en vue de réduire le volume interne de l'enveloppe extérieure 19 de sorte à la mettre en contact avec les parois externes ou périphériques du conduit intérieure 17.In the example shown, the local deformation of the outer casing 19 is formed by a recess 41 curved inwardly of the outer casing 19. This depression 41 curved inwardly of the outer casing 19 is present on lateral walls 51 of the outer casing 19 which extend between the ribbed walls 19a. The depressions 41 then form a fold over the entire length of the outer envelope 19. These depressions serve to facilitate the compression step (detailed below) with a view to reducing the internal volume of the outer envelope 19 of so as to bring it into contact with the outer or peripheral walls of the inner duct 17.

L'enveloppe extérieure 19 est réalisée en aluminium et dans la masse par exemple au moyen d'un procédé par extrusion.The outer casing 19 is made of aluminum and in the mass for example by means of an extrusion process.

Alternativement, l'enveloppe extérieure 19 est réalisée par emboutissage à partir d'un feuillard d'aluminium. Dans ce cas, l'un des deux enfoncements 41 est coupé sur la longueur de sorte à séparer les deux parois nervurées 19a. L'autre enfoncement 41 sert alors de charnière pour replier la premier paroi nervurée 19a sur la deuxième paroi nervurée opposée et ainsi prendre en sandwich le conduit intérieur 17.Alternatively, the outer casing 19 is made by stamping from an aluminum strip. In this case, one of the two depressions 41 is cut along the length so as to separate the two ribbed walls 19a. The other sink 41 then serves as a hinge to fold the first ribbed wall 19a on the second opposite ribbed wall and thus sandwich the inner conduit 17.

Selon une alternative, on peut prévoir une surface interne de l'enveloppe extérieure 19 lisse et des parois nervurées formées sur la surface externe du conduit intérieur 17, pour délimiter les seconds canaux 29. Cette alternative est particulièrement dédiée à la fabrication d'une enveloppe extérieure 19 à partir d'un feuillard d'aluminium (ou alliage d'aluminium) comme évoqué ci-dessus.According to an alternative, it is possible to provide an inner surface of the smooth outer casing 19 and ribbed walls formed on the outer surface of the inner duct 17, to delimit the second channels 29. This alternative is particularly dedicated to the manufacture of an envelope outer 19 from an aluminum strip (or aluminum alloy) as mentioned above.

Selon une autre alternative, on peut prévoir de former ces parois nervurées par des pièces distinctes avant brasage, par exemple par pliage d'une bande métallique. Cette alternative permet de simplifier la réalisation de l'enveloppe extérieure et du conduit intérieur.According to another alternative, it is possible to form these ribbed walls by separate parts before brazing, for example by folding a metal strip. This alternative simplifies the realization of the outer casing and the inner duct.

Une telle unité d'échange thermique peut donc être facilement assemblée dans un échangeur thermique qui présente alors un nombre réduit de composants.Such a heat exchange unit can thus be easily assembled in a heat exchanger which then has a reduced number of components.

Les figures 5a à 6b représentent de façon schématique une unité d'échange thermique telle que décrite précédemment connectée à une boîte collectrice par exemple de l'échangeur interne 7. Sur ces figures, la partie illustrée à gauche comporte une partie symétrique non représentée à droite.The Figures 5a to 6b schematically represent a heat exchange unit as described above connected to a manifold for example of the internal heat exchanger 7. In these figures, the portion illustrated on the left has a symmetrical portion not shown to the right.

Cet échangeur 7 peut comprendre au moins deux boîtes collectrices 31, une pour l'introduction du fluide et une pour l'évacuation du fluide. Ces boîtes collectrices 31 peuvent être réalisées à partir d'un matériau métallique tel que de l'aluminium ou un alliage d'aluminium, ou encore en plastique.This exchanger 7 may comprise at least two manifolds 31, one for the introduction of the fluid and one for the evacuation of the fluid. These manifolds 31 may be made from a metallic material such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy, or plastic.

Un premier mode de réalisation représentant un circuit fermé pour les fluides est illustré sur les figures 5a à 5c.A first embodiment showing a closed circuit for fluids is illustrated on the Figures 5a to 5c .

Selon ce premier mode de réalisation, une boîte collectrice 31 comporte :

  • un premier collecteur 33 pour l'introduction ou l'évacuation du premier fluide, et
  • un second collecteur 35 pour l'introduction ou l'évacuation du second fluide.
According to this first embodiment, a manifold 31 comprises:
  • a first manifold 33 for introducing or evacuating the first fluid, and
  • a second collector 35 for introducing or evacuating the second fluid.

Ces collecteurs 33 et 35 sont séparés de façon étanche et délimitent respectivement des chambres communiquant avec les extrémités associées 37 du conduit intérieur 17 et 39 de l'enveloppe extérieure 19. Le volume interne de ces collecteurs 33 et 35 sont respectivement en communication avec les premiers canaux 21 et les seconds canaux 29.These collectors 33 and 35 are sealed and respectively delimit chambers communicating with the associated ends 37 of the inner duct 17 and 39 of the outer casing 19. The internal volume of these collectors 33 and 35 are respectively in communication with the first channels 21 and the second channels 29.

Les deux collecteurs 33 et 35 peuvent être disposés côte à côte, par exemple avec le premier collecteur 33 en amont du second collecteur 35.The two collectors 33 and 35 may be arranged side by side, for example with the first collector 33 upstream of the second collector 35.

On peut prévoir différentes formes de réalisation des deux collecteurs, comme l'illustrent les figures 5a à 5c.Different embodiments of the two collectors can be provided, as illustrated by the Figures 5a to 5c .

Par exemple sur la figure 5a, la boîte collectrice 31 présente une forme générale sensiblement en parallélépipède et deux collecteurs 33,35 de section générale sensiblement cylindrique formés par exemple par extrusion.For example on the figure 5a , the manifold 31 has a generally parallelepipedal shape and two collectors 33, 35 of substantially cylindrical general section formed for example by extrusion.

Sur la figure 5b, les deux collecteurs 33 et 35 sont formés par deux cylindres accolés et sur la figure 5c par deux cylindres espacés.On the figure 5b , the two collectors 33 and 35 are formed by two contiguous cylinders and on the figure 5c by two spaced cylinders.

Chaque collecteur 33,35 comporte une ouverture de forme complémentaire à la forme des extrémités 37 ou 39, ici de section générale sensiblement rectangulaire, pour la réception des extrémités associées 37 du conduit intérieur 17 et 39 de l'enveloppe extérieure 19.Each manifold 33, 35 has an opening of complementary shape to the shape of the ends 37 or 39, here of generally rectangular general section, for receiving the associated ends 37 of the inner duct 17 and 39 of the outer casing 19.

Ainsi, une boîte collectrice 31 présente en section transversale une forme générale sensiblement en « huit », dont la première 31a délimite le premier collecteur 33 et la seconde 31b boucle délimite le second collecteur 35.Thus, a manifold 31 has in cross section a generally "eight" shape, the first 31a delimits the first manifold 33 and the second 31b loop delimits the second manifold 35.

En outre, comme on le constate sur les figures 5a à 5c, la partie commune 31c c aux deux boucles 31 a, 31b du « huit » présente une ouverture pour le passage d'une extrémité associée 37,39. Dans l'exemple illustré, c'est l'extrémité 37 du conduit intérieur 17 qui traverse le second collecteur 35 pour être connectée au premier collecteur 33.In addition, as can be seen from the Figures 5a to 5c , the common portion 31c c at the two loops 31a, 31b of the "eight" has an opening for the passage of an associated end 37,39. In the example illustrated, it is the end 37 of the inner duct 17 which passes through the second collector 35 to be connected to the first collector 33.

À cet effet, l'extrémité 37 du conduit intérieur 17 fait saillie par rapport à l'extrémité 39 de l'enveloppe extérieure 19. Ceci permet de relier indépendamment et de façon simple, les différentes extrémités 37 du conduit intérieur 17 et 39 de l'enveloppe extérieure 19, respectivement au premier 17 et second 19 collecteurs.For this purpose, the end 37 of the inner duct 17 projects from the end 39 of the outer casing 19. This allows the ends 37 of the inner duct 17 and 39 to be connected independently and in a simple manner. outer casing 19, respectively to the first 17 and second 19 collectors.

La partie manquante étant symétrique, on comprend que les deux extrémités associées 35 du conduit intérieur 17 font saillie de part et d'autre de l'enveloppe extérieure 19.The missing part being symmetrical, it is understood that the two associated ends 35 of the inner duct 17 project on either side of the outer casing 19.

Selon une alternative non représentée, on peut prévoir que les deux collecteurs 33 et 35 soient imbriqués l'un dans l'autre.According to an alternative not shown, it is possible for the two collectors 33 and 35 are nested inside one another.

Par ailleurs, on peut prévoir un placage de brasure sur les extrémités 37 et 39 pour une fixation par brasage aux collecteurs 33 et 35.On the other hand, solder plating may be provided on ends 37 and 39 for brazing attachment to collectors 33 and 35.

En variante, le second mode de réalisation illustré sur les figures 6a et 6b, représente un circuit fermé pour le premier fluide et ouvert pour le second fluide.In a variant, the second embodiment illustrated on the Figures 6a and 6b , represents a closed circuit for the first fluid and open for the second fluid.

Selon ce second mode de réalisation, les boîtes collectrices 31 comportent respectivement un unique collecteur 33 auquel est fixée l'extrémité associée 37 du conduit intérieur 17 pour l'introduction et l'évacuation du premier fluide.According to this second embodiment, the manifolds 31 respectively comprise a single manifold 33 to which is attached the associated end 37 of the inner duct 17 for the introduction and evacuation of the first fluid.

En outre, de façon connue, les collecteurs comportent respectivement à leurs extrémités des tubulures d'introduction et d'évacuation de fluide.In addition, in known manner, the collectors respectively comprise at their ends introduction pipes and fluid discharge.

En se référant à la figure 7, on va maintenant décrire les étapes successives pour la réalisation d'une telle unité d'échange 15.Referring to the figure 7 , we will now describe the successive steps for the realization of such an exchange unit 15.

Préalablement, on choisit le matériau servant de base à la réalisation d'un conduit intérieur 17, par exemple de l'aluminium ou un alliage d'aluminium.Beforehand, the material used as a base for producing an inner conduit 17, for example aluminum or an aluminum alloy, is chosen.

On réalise lors d'une étape préliminaire, le conduit intérieur 17. On peut pratiquer par exemple une extrusion pour former les premiers canaux 21 de circulation du premier fluide (voir figure 3).In a preliminary step, the inner conduit 17 is produced. It is possible, for example, to extrude to form the first circulation channels 21 of the first fluid (see FIG. figure 3 ).

De même, on choisit le matériau servant de base pour réaliser une enveloppe extérieure 19, par exemple en aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium, puis on réalise l'enveloppe extérieure 19 sous la forme d'un conduit réalisé par extrusion. On réalise ensuite par exemple par extrusion un orifice 25 interne dans l'enveloppe 19. Alternativement, on réalise l'enveloppe extérieure 19 à partir d'un feuillard que l'on replis sensiblement en son centre, l'endroit de l'un des enfoncements 41. On recrée ainsi l'orifice 25. Dans cette alternative avec feuillard, le conduit intérieur 17 peut être introduit latéralement, c'est-à-dire selon un déplacement perpendiculaire du conduit interne 17 par rapport à l'enfoncement 41 resté ouvert.Similarly, the base material used to make an outer casing 19, for example aluminum or aluminum alloy, is chosen, then the outer casing 19 is produced in the form of a duct made by extrusion. Then, for example, by extrusion, an internal orifice 25 is made in the envelope 19. Alternatively, the outer envelope 19 is made from a strip which is folded substantially at its center, the location of one of the 41 In this alternative with strip, the inner conduit 17 can be introduced laterally, that is to say according to a perpendicular displacement of the inner conduit 17 relative to the depression 41 remained open. .

Dans l'alternative où l'enveloppe extérieure 19 est réalisée par extrusion, l'orifice 25 est destiné à recevoir le conduit intérieur 17 et présente à cet effet une forme complémentaire de la forme du conduit intérieur 17.In the alternative where the outer casing 19 is made by extrusion, the orifice 25 is intended to receive the inner duct 17 and has for this purpose a shape complementary to the shape of the inner duct 17.

Puis, on forme par exemple une pluralité de nervures 27 sur les parois longitudinales internes 19a de l'enveloppe extérieure 19, (voir figure 4). Avantageusement, ces nervures 27 sont réalisées en même temps que l'enveloppe extérieure 19 pendant l'étape d'extrusion.Then, for example, a plurality of ribs 27 are formed on the walls longitudinal inner 19a of the outer casing 19, (see figure 4 ). Advantageously, these ribs 27 are made at the same time as the outer casing 19 during the extrusion step.

Lors d'une première étape A, on insère le conduit intérieur 17 dans l'orifice 25 (figure 8). Dans l'exemple illustré, le conduit intérieur 17 est inséré dans l'enveloppe extérieure 19 selon un axe d'insertion parallèle aux premiers 21 et seconds 29 canaux, de sorte que les parois longitudinales du conduit intérieur 17 et de l'enveloppe extérieure 19 s'étendent parallèlement.In a first step A, the inner conduit 17 is inserted into the orifice 25 ( figure 8 ). In the example illustrated, the inner duct 17 is inserted into the outer casing 19 along an axis of insertion parallel to the first 21 and second 29 channels, so that the longitudinal walls of the inner duct 17 and the outer casing 19 extend parallel.

Comme on le constate sur la figure 8, un premier jeu G1 est présente entre les parois longitudinales externes 17a du conduit intérieur 17 et les extrémités 50 des nervures 27 présentes sur parois longitudinales internes 19a de l'enveloppe extérieure 19. De même, un second jeu G2 est présent, entre les parois latérales externes 17b du conduit intérieur 17 et la surface interne des enfoncement 41 de l'enveloppe extérieure 19. La présence de ces premier G1 et second G2 jeux permet d'insérer facilement le conduit intérieur 17 dans l'enveloppe extérieure 19. Ces premier G 1 et second G2 jeux sont compris entre 0.05mm et 0.3mm.As we see on the figure 8 a first clearance G1 is present between the outer longitudinal walls 17a of the inner pipe 17 and the ends 50 of the ribs 27 on the inner longitudinal walls 19a of the outer shell 19. Likewise, a second clearance G2 is present between the walls external side 17b of the inner duct 17 and the inner surface of the recess 41 of the outer casing 19. The presence of these first G1 and second G2 clearances allows easy insertion of the inner duct 17 in the outer casing 19. These first G 1 and second G2 games are between 0.05mm and 0.3mm.

En outre, la disposition des canaux 21 et des nervures 27 parallèle aux directions longitudinales permet une circulation parallèle des premier et second fluides, à co-courant ou à contre courant.In addition, the arrangement of the channels 21 and ribs 27 parallel to the longitudinal directions allows a parallel flow of the first and second fluids, co-current or against the current.

Enfin, lors d'une seconde étape B, on comprime l'enveloppe extérieure 19, par exemple par pressage ou roulage, de sorte que le volume de l'enveloppe extérieure 19 soit réduit.Finally, during a second step B, the outer envelope 19 is compressed, for example by pressing or rolling, so that the volume of the outer envelope 19 is reduced.

En effet, on constate qu'avant compression l'enveloppe extérieure 19 présente une première hauteur H1, et après compression (voir figure 2a ou 2b) l'enveloppe extérieure 19 présente une seconde hauteur H2 réduite par rapport à la première hauteur H1.Indeed, it is found that before compression the outer shell 19 has a first height H1, and after compression (see Figure 2a or 2b ) the outer casing 19 has a second height H2 reduced with respect to the first height H1.

Les enfoncements 41 présentent une section en forme de « V » avant l'étape de pressage ou roulage alors qu'ils présentent une section en forme de « U » où les branches se touchent après pressage ou roulage.The depressions 41 have a "V" -shaped section before the pressing or rolling step while they have a "U" -shaped section where the branches touch each other after pressing or rolling.

L'unité d'échange thermique présente ainsi une taille réduite qui permet de diminuer l'encombrement de l'échangeur thermique.The heat exchange unit thus has a reduced size which makes it possible to reduce the size of the heat exchanger.

En outre, suite à cette compression de l'enveloppe extérieure 19, les parois internes 19a de l'enveloppe extérieure 19 adhèrent aux parois externes du conduit intérieur 17 pour optimiser l'échange thermique. Les extrémités plates 50 des nervures 27 sont ainsi parfaitement plaquées contre la paroi externe du conduit intérieur délimitant ainsi chaque second canal 29.In addition, following this compression of the outer casing 19, the inner walls 19a of the outer casing 19 adhere to the outer walls of the inner duct 17 to optimize heat exchange. The flat ends 50 of the ribs 27 are thus perfectly pressed against the outer wall of the inner duct thus delimiting each second channel 29.

Ainsi, lors de la seconde étape de compression B, les parois latérales de l'enveloppe extérieure 19 présentant cet enfoncement 41, se déforment vers l'intérieur de manière à venir en contact avec le conduit intérieur 17 (voir figure 8), ce qui permet l'adhérence entre la surface interne de l'enveloppe extérieure 19 et la surface externe du conduit intérieur 17 via les extrémités plates 50 des nervures 27 et/ou via l'extrémité des enfoncements 41.Thus, during the second compression step B, the side walls of the outer casing 19 having this recess 41, deform inwardly so as to come into contact with the inner duct 17 (see FIG. figure 8 ), which allows adhesion between the inner surface of the outer casing 19 and the outer surface of the inner duct 17 via the flat ends 50 of the ribs 27 and / or via the end of the depressions 41.

Aucune déformation n'est alors visible sur l'enveloppe extérieure 19 une fois l'ensemble comprimé. Les parois latérales 51 de l'enveloppe 19 présentent donc des surfaces lisses à l'exception du bord de jonction des deux branches du « U » de l'enfoncement 41 (figures 2a, 2b).No deformation is then visible on the outer casing 19 once the whole compressed. The side walls 51 of the envelope 19 thus have smooth surfaces with the exception of the joining edge of the two branches of the "U" of the recess 41 ( Figures 2a, 2b ).

Par ailleurs et après l'étape de compression B, et ce pour optimiser l'adhérence et l'étanchéité entre le conduit intérieur 17 et l'enveloppe extérieure 19, on prévoit une étape dans laquelle on solidarise, par exemple par brasage ou collage, les parois internes 19a, 19b de l'enveloppe extérieure 19 aux parois externes 17a, 17b du conduit intérieur 17. Les parois latérales 51 peuvent aussi être soudées ou brasées sur le conduit intérieur 17.Moreover and after the compression step B, and this to optimize the adhesion and the seal between the inner conduit 17 and the outer casing 19, there is provided a step in which it is secured, for example by brazing or gluing, the inner walls 19a, 19b of the outer casing 19 to the outer walls 17a, 17b of the inner duct 17. The side walls 51 may also be welded or brazed to the inner duct 17.

L'unité d'échange thermique 15 ainsi réalisée permet d'optimiser l'échange thermique entre les deux fluides.The heat exchange unit 15 thus produced makes it possible to optimize the heat exchange between the two fluids.

On peut alors assembler une ou plusieurs unités d'échange thermique 15 aux boîtes collectrices, pour assembler un échangeur thermique.One or more heat exchange units 15 can then be assembled to the collector boxes to assemble a heat exchanger.

L'ensemble de l'échange thermique peut ensuite passer dans un four de brasage approprié, pour braser en une opération les différentes parties à fixer, telles que les extrémités 37 et 39 du conduit intérieur 17 et de l'enveloppe extérieure 19 avec les boîtes collectrices 33,35 ou encore la surface externe du conduit intérieur 17 avec la surface interne de l'enveloppe extérieure 19.The entire heat exchange can then pass into a suitable brazing furnace, to braze in one operation the different parts to be fixed, such as the ends 37 and 39 of the inner pipe 17 and the outer shell 19 with the boxes. 33,35 or the outer surface of the inner conduit 17 with the inner surface of the outer casing 19.

On comprend donc qu'une telle unité d'échange thermique 15 peut être réalisée simplement et reliée facilement aux boîtes collectrices 33,35 ce qui permet d'optimiser le temps et le coût d'assemblage d'un échangeur thermique.It is therefore understood that such a heat exchange unit 15 can be made simply and easily connected to the manifolds 33,35 which allows to optimize the time and cost of assembly of a heat exchanger.

Claims (19)

  1. Heat exchange unit between a first and a second fluid, consisting of:
    - at least one internal conduit (17) exhibiting a plurality of first internal longitudinal channels (21) for the circulation of the first fluid,
    - an external hollow envelope (19), inside which the said internal conduit is accommodated, and
    - at least two ribbed walls (19a) arranged to either side of the said internal conduit (17), in contact both with the said internal conduit and with the said external envelope in such a way as to define a plurality of second longitudinal channels (29) for the circulation of the second fluid, the said second channels (29) extending substantially in parallel with the said first channels (21),
    - the said internal conduit (17) being produced in the form of a plate,
    - the said external envelope (19) exhibiting a generally hollow parallelepipedic form,
    - the external envelope (19) exhibiting two lateral walls (51) which extend between the ribbed walls (19a), characterized in that
    - the said lateral walls (51) exhibit a local deformation.
  2. Heat exchange unit according to Claim 1, in which the internal conduit (17) is an extruded conduit.
  3. Heat exchange unit according to any one of Claims 1 and 2, in which the external envelope (19) defines a conduit produced by extrusion.
  4. Heat exchange unit according to any one of Claims 1 and 2, in which the external envelope (19) is manufactured from a strip.
  5. Heat exchange unit according to any one of the preceding claims, in which at least one of the ribbed walls (19a) exhibits at least one rib (27) in contact with the internal conduit (17) by means of a flat extremity (50) of the rib (27).
  6. Heat exchange unit according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the local deformation is an indentation (41) curved inwards towards the interior of the external envelope (19).
  7. Heat exchange unit according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the indentation (41) exhibits a section in the form of a "V" ahead of a compression stage for the external envelope (19), and then the form of a "U", the branches of which touch after the said compression stage.
  8. Heat exchanger characterized in that it comprises at least one heat exchange unit according to any one of Claims 1 to 7.
  9. Heat exchanger according to Claim 8, characterized in that it consists of at least one manifold block (31) for the introduction of fluid and at least one manifold block (31) for the evacuation of fluid, the said manifold blocks (31) respectively consisting of:
    - a first collector (33) associated with the first fluid and connected to an associated extremity (37) of the said internal conduit (17), and
    - a second collector (35) associated with the second fluid and connected to an associated extremity (39) of the said external envelope (19),
    the said collectors (33,35) being separated in a sealed manner.
  10. Heat exchanger according to Claim 9, characterized in that the said manifold block (31) exhibits in cross section a general form substantially in the form of an "eight", of which the first (31a) and the second (31b) loops define respectively the first (33) and the second (35) collectors, of which the part (31c) which is common to the two loops (31a, 31b) exhibits an opening for the passage of an associated extremity (37,39).
  11. Heat exchanger according to Claim 8, characterized in that it consists of at least one manifold block (31) for the introduction of fluid and at least one manifold block (31) for the evacuation of fluid, the said manifold blocks respectively consisting of a single collector (33) connected to an associated extremity (37) of the said internal conduit (17) for the introduction and the evacuation of the first fluid.
  12. Heat exchanger according to any of Claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the associated extremities (37) of the said internal conduit (17) project to either side of the said external envelope (19).
  13. Method of manufacturing a heat exchange unit between a first and a second fluid, which consists of the following stages:
    - A) at least one internal conduit (17) exhibiting a plurality of first internal parallel longitudinal channels (21) for the circulation of the first fluid, with at least two ribbed walls (19a) to either side of the longitudinal external surfaces of the said internal conduit (17), is arranged inside a hollow external envelope (19),
    - B) the said external envelope (19) is compressed in order to reduce the volume of the said envelope (19) until the said ribbed walls (19a) are in contact both with the said internal conduit (17) and with the external envelope (19), in such a way as to define a plurality of second longitudinal channels (29) for the circulation of the second fluid, the said second channels (29) extending substantially parallel with the said first channels (21), and is characterized in that
    - prior to stage B), an indentation (41) curved inwards towards the interior of the said external envelope (19) is produced substantially in the middle of lateral walls (51) of the external envelope (19).
  14. Method of manufacturing according to Claim 13, characterized in that the said ribbed walls (19a) are formed on the internal surface of the said external envelope (19) by means of ribs (27).
  15. Method of manufacturing according to any one of Claims 13 and 14, characterized in that the said ribbed walls (19a) are formed on the external surface of the said internal conduit (17) by means of ribs (27).
  16. Method of manufacturing according to any one of Claims 13 to 15, in which the internal conduit (17) is produced beforehand by an extrusion stage.
  17. Method of manufacturing according to any one of Claims 13 to 16, in which the external envelope (19) and the ribbed walls (19a) are produced beforehand by a common extrusion stage.
  18. Method of manufacturing according to any one of Claims 13 to 16, characterized in that the said ribbed walls (19a) are formed by bending a metal strip.
  19. Method of manufacturing according to any one of Claims 13 to 18, characterized in that it comprises a stage in which the internal surface of the said external envelope (19) is attached by gluing or soldering to the external surface of the said internal conduit (17) in order to optimize the adhesion.
EP10164297A 2009-06-02 2010-05-28 Heat exchange unit and corresponding heat exchanger, method of manufacturing a heat exchange unit Active EP2273224B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0902628A FR2946132B1 (en) 2009-06-02 2009-06-02 THERMAL EXCHANGE UNIT AND CORRESPONDING HEAT EXCHANGER, METHOD OF MAKING A THERMAL EXCHANGE UNIT.

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EP2273224A1 EP2273224A1 (en) 2011-01-12
EP2273224B1 true EP2273224B1 (en) 2012-05-09

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US (1) US9103604B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2273224B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5727157B2 (en)
CN (2) CN106225335A (en)
AT (1) ATE557250T1 (en)
ES (1) ES2387355T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2946132B1 (en)

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US20100300665A1 (en) 2010-12-02
CN106225335A (en) 2016-12-14
EP2273224A1 (en) 2011-01-12
FR2946132B1 (en) 2014-04-04
ATE557250T1 (en) 2012-05-15
CN101922884A (en) 2010-12-22
JP5727157B2 (en) 2015-06-03
ES2387355T3 (en) 2012-09-20
JP2011007486A (en) 2011-01-13
US9103604B2 (en) 2015-08-11
FR2946132A1 (en) 2010-12-03

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