EP0692086B1 - Chemischer reaktor, kältemaschine und behälter ausgestattet mit diesem reaktor und reagenzpatrone dafür - Google Patents

Chemischer reaktor, kältemaschine und behälter ausgestattet mit diesem reaktor und reagenzpatrone dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0692086B1
EP0692086B1 EP94912588A EP94912588A EP0692086B1 EP 0692086 B1 EP0692086 B1 EP 0692086B1 EP 94912588 A EP94912588 A EP 94912588A EP 94912588 A EP94912588 A EP 94912588A EP 0692086 B1 EP0692086 B1 EP 0692086B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
reactor according
reagent
confining
reactor
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP94912588A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0692086A1 (de
Inventor
Gilles Labranque
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Sofrigam
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Sofrigam
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B35/00—Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption
    • F25B35/04—Boiler-absorbers, i.e. boilers usable for absorption or adsorption using a solid as sorbent

Definitions

  • the present invention also relates to a refrigeration machine thus equipped.
  • the present invention also relates to a container fitted with such a refrigerating machine.
  • the invention also relates to a cartridge for reagent.
  • the reagent is subjected in service to constraints important, especially temperature and pressure, and it must also be able to absorb chemically and chemically separate from the fluid refrigeration with a speed corresponding to the flows refrigerant in the machine.
  • Such an absorbent material has many cons: the amount of gas it is capable of to absorb per unit volume is relatively limited, and it retains absorbent particles poorly. This is what forces the gas flow to pass through screens that sort of serve as filter but which slow the flow and which risk moreover, in the long run, to take on particles seeking to flee the elementary blocks. In addition, the need to provide such screens further increases the already large volume that is required due to the relatively low absorption performance of blocks themselves. Finally, these blocks being metallic, preferably in stainless steel, the weight of the set is important.
  • FR-A-2 455 713 describes an absorbing device comprising a reactive body, possibly returned "practically self-supporting" by a binder. This body is locked up in a flexible envelope. We make an intimate contact of the envelope with the body by means of a difference of pressure between inside and outside of the envelope.
  • the object of the invention is thus to propose a reactor chemical for refrigeration machine or the like which is capable of ensuring good refrigeration performance which keep for many successive cycles, without prohibitive alteration of its original characteristics.
  • the chemical reactor for a machine refrigerator or the like comprising a prefabricated block of reagent intended to absorb a chemical flux gaseous from an evaporator and desorb this flow by reverse chemical reaction due to an increase in temperature, the reagent block being confined between faces containment, at least some of which are permeable to mass exchanges, is characterized in that the block is subject to variation in volume depending on the quantity of absorbed gas, and in that the confining faces belong to containment walls capable of ensuring the shape stability of the block against the trend to said volume variations.
  • the reagent despite its tendency to increase in volume during the chemical reaction of combination with the refrigerant, supported without disadvantage of being confined in a substantially fixed volume.
  • this influenced negligible on its ability to chemically absorb a significant amount of refrigerant gas.
  • the confinement stabilizes the physical structure of the block, which is favorable for obtaining good performance absorption and desorption.
  • an apparatus according to the invention is capable of producing ice by being placed under a high outdoor temperature (tropical type) without that its size and weight do not exceed usual standards.
  • the reactor according to the invention can receive the most if not all of the reagents containing chlorides.
  • the permeable walls can for example be formed by openwork tubes lining the channels parallels in the block.
  • the fins are placed in a defined annular chamber externally by an insulated sheath. During the refrigeration, this duct channels the air from cooling along the fins. During the regeneration, we at least partially isolate the space surrounded by the sheath relatively on the outside for prevent convection flow along the fins.
  • a heating element is used electrical resistance, mounted in a housing located at heart of the block so the heat produced by this element diffuses through the block practically without losses.
  • the invention relates also a refrigeration machine comprising, in closed circuit, a high pressure tank, a regulator, evaporator and reactor according to the first aspect.
  • the invention relates in in addition to a container fitted with a refrigerating machine according to the second aspect.
  • the cartridge of reagent especially to be part of a reactor according to the first aspect, of a refrigerating machine according to the second aspect or container depending on the third aspect, including a reagent block surrounded by a waterproof envelope, this block comprising cavities opening out through the sealed envelope, is characterized in that said cavities are closed tightly sealed by temporary fillings.
  • Such a cartridge allows handling and storage of the reagent without altering its properties especially without moisture absorption, since its manufacturing until its installation in the reactor.
  • the machine refrigerator 1 fitted to the refrigerated container 2 includes a refrigerant tank or tank liquid 3 subjected to its own vapor pressure saturating.
  • the fluid is chosen in particular so that this pressure is relatively high.
  • this fluid is ammonia whose pressure saturated steam is around 1.5 MPa at 20 ° C.
  • An outlet orifice 4, provided at the bottom of the balloon 3 of so as to let out only liquid, is connected to a regulator 6 via a stop valve 7 which can be a solenoid valve powered by a rechargeable battery associated with container.
  • the regulator 6 and the evaporator 8 are located at the interior of the insulated enclosure 5 of the container refrigerator 2 while the other elements described so far are located outside the enclosure 5.
  • a non-return valve 13 prevents the fluid coming from of reactor 9 to flow towards the evaporator 8, while another non-return valve 14 prevents the fluid contained in balloon 3 to flow to the condenser 11.
  • a superheat measuring device 16 controls the degree of opening of the regulator 6 of so that the fluid leaving the evaporator 8 is completely evaporated without being excessively overheated.
  • reactor 9 contains a reagent, preferably that known from EP-A-0477343 / WO-A-9115292 consisting of a mixture of chloride and a derivative expanded carbon with lamellar structures, having the property of chemically combining with the fluid refrigerator used, in this case ammonia, when its temperature is low, and to separate chemically ammonia when its temperature takes a predetermined high value.
  • a reagent preferably that known from EP-A-0477343 / WO-A-9115292 consisting of a mixture of chloride and a derivative expanded carbon with lamellar structures, having the property of chemically combining with the fluid refrigerator used, in this case ammonia, when its temperature is low, and to separate chemically ammonia when its temperature takes a predetermined high value.
  • the reactor 9 has means selectively allowing it to be heated or cool. Ways to warm it up include basically a heating element 17 which is selectively activated by a switch 18. So not shown, the heating element can be thermostatically controlled.
  • Means for cooling the reactor 9 include a battery-powered fan 19 rechargeable associated with the container. Fan 19 circulates a convection air flow inside an outer sheath 21 of the reactor. Sheath 21 is insulated to limit thermal leakage during heating, and has at its base a flap 22 that it is closed during heating to avoid the effect of fireplace. On the contrary, during the operation of the fan 19, the flap 22 is open.
  • the shut-off valve 7 When the machine is waiting to operate in refrigeration, the shut-off valve 7 is closed, so that the refrigerant reserve is trapped between the non-return valve 14 and the valve 7.
  • Sa pressure is important since it corresponds to the saturated vapor pressure of ammonia at the outside temperature, for example 20 ° C.
  • the heating of the reagent by element 17 causes separation of ammonia which leaves in gaseous state by the same conduit 24 as that by which it was entered the reactor. Given the temperature relatively high in the reactor, the pressure of the outgoing gas tends to be above temperature equilibrium in balloon 3 so the gas crosses the non-return valve 14. It is then brought to room temperature such as 20 ° C in the condenser 11 to reach the liquid state in the flask 3. When almost all of the reagent has been removed mobile ammonia (after commissioning, a certain amount of ammonia remains permanently prisoner of the block), the regeneration cycle stop. A new refrigeration cycle can to start. The ball 3 is then at its high level.
  • Such a container has the advantage of being able to undergo the regeneration process when in warehouse, then to be energy independent to ensure the refrigeration of the food in the container during transport of the container.
  • the reagent block 26 has a general shape cylindrical having the same axis 27 as the sheath 21 and a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the sheath 21.
  • block 26 is made up of a stack of elementary blocks 28 having the form pancakes.
  • the block 26 is enclosed in containment walls which are preferably made of stainless steel to be mechanically robust and resist corrosion.
  • the containment walls include particular a cylindrical casing 29 in which the elementary blocks 28 are fitted with a slight initial tightening. This tightening is intended to increase after use of the reactor due to the tendency of the reagent to be inflated as described above.
  • the envelope 29 therefore has the role of shrinking the block 26.
  • the peripheral envelope 29 is closed each time axial end of block 26 by a closure plate 31 of circular shape.
  • Block 26 is crossed by a number (four in the example) of channels 32 of cylindrical shape, which are parallel to the axis 27 and distributed angularly around it. Canals 32 coincide with lights 33 practiced through the plates 31 and thus open outside of the containment envelope of block 26.
  • Channels 32 are lined with permeable containment walls made up of perforated stainless steel tubes 34.
  • the perforations of the tubes 34 allow the mass exchanges between the gaseous medium of channels 32 and block 26 being exposed to this medium through the perforations.
  • the annular ends of the tubes perforated 34 are joined with the periphery of corresponding lights 33.
  • the outer casing 29 is also tightly connected to a cap upper 36 and lower respectively 37.
  • An upper spacer 38 and respectively lower 39 is mounted in position substantially central between each cap 36 or respectively 37 and the neighboring containment plate 31.
  • a distribution and collection chamber 41 is defined between the upper cap 36 and the plate containment 31 neighbor, and therefore communicates with the channels 32 through the lights 33.
  • the upper spacer 38 has conduits 42 which communicate the collection and distribution chamber 41 with the inlet and outlet conduit 24 in the reactor 9, through a hole 43 in the cap upper 36 and an orifice 44 for entry and exit in the reactor.
  • the lower cap 37 and the plate containment 31 corresponding define them a circulation chamber 50.
  • the heating element 17 is an electrical element in shape of rod whose useful length corresponds to the axial length of block 26, and which is mounted substantially free from play in an axial housing 46 provided at across the entire axial length of the block 26.
  • the upper end of the housing 46 is closed by the plate 31 adjacent to chamber 41.
  • the housing 46 is not lined so that in operation the reagent, taking into account its tendency to swell, encloses the heating element 17 with the advantage of improving thermal contact between them.
  • the resistance of the plates 31 is increased by the connection between them by the perforated tubes 34 and where appropriate the non-perforated tube 47, and also by spacers 38 and 39 which report the thrust of swelling on the caps 36 and 37 which are resistant thanks to their rounded shape.
  • This reinforcement assured to plates 31 is useful when the pressure in rooms 41 and 50 are low while the trend the swelling of the block is maximum, for example at the end refrigeration cycle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
  • Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)

Claims (28)

  1. Chemischer Reaktor für eine Kühlmaschine (1) oder dergleichen, bestehend aus einem vorgefertigten Reagensblock (26), der dazu bestimmt ist, durch chemische Verbindung einen Gasfluß von einem Verdampfer (8) zu absorbieren und diesen Fluß durch umgekehrte chemische Reaktion unter der Wirkung einer Temperaturerhöhung zu desorbieren, wobei der Reagensblock (26) zwischen Eingrenzungsflächen (29, 31, 34, 47) eingegrenzt ist, von denen mindestens einige (34) für den Masseaustausch durchlässig sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Block (26) zu einer Volumsveränderung in Abhängigkeit von der absorbierten Gasmenge fähig ist und daß die Eingrenzungsflächen Eingrenzungswandungen angehören, die die Formstabilität des Blocks gegen die Neigung zu diesen Volumsveränderungen gewährleisten können.
  2. Reaktor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die durchlässigen Eingrenzungswandungen gelochte Wandungen sind (34), die zwischen dem Blockmaterial und einem Raum (32) für die Zirkulation des Gasflusses angeordnet sind.
  3. Reaktor nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die durchlässigen Wandungen Rohre sind, die Aussparungen (32) umgeben, die in den Block (26) eingearbeitet sind.
  4. Reaktor nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aussparungen zueinander parallele Kanäle (32) sind.
  5. Reaktor nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aussparungen an mindestens einem ihrer Enden in eine Kammer (41, 50) münden, die an eine zweier gegenüberliegenden Flächen des Reagensblocks (26) angrenzt.
  6. Reaktor nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kammer (41, 50) von dem Block durch eine Eingrenzungsplatte (31) getrennt ist, die den Eingrenzungswandungen des Blocks angehört und über die die Aussparungen (32) münden.
  7. Reaktor nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kammer (41), die an eines der Enden des Blocks angrenzt, mit einer Öffnung (44) für den Anschluß an einen Kühlkreis in Verbindung steht.
  8. Reaktor nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich mindestens eine Verstrebung (38, 39) zwischen der Eingrenzungsplatte (31) und einer gegenüberliegenden Wandung (36, 37) erstreckt, die auch die Kammer (41, 50) begrenzt.
  9. Reaktor nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in die Verstrebung (38) ein Durchgang (42) eingearbeitet ist, der die Kammer (41) mit einem Kühlkreis (24) in Verbindung bringt.
  10. Reaktor nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verstrebung (39) hohl ist und den Durchgang und die Befestigung eines Heizelements (17) ermöglicht, das in einer Lagerung (46) angeordnet ist, die in dem Reagensblock (26) ausgespart ist, und über die Eingrenzungsplatte (31) gegenüber der Verstrebung (39) mündet.
  11. Reaktor nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kanäle (32) um eine Lagerung (46) herum verteilt sind, die in im wesentlichen mittiger Position in dem Block (26) ausgespart und von einem Heizelement (17) besetzt ist.
  12. Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Block (26) eine Lagerung (46) umfaßt, in der ein Heizelement (17) montiert ist.
  13. Reaktor nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Heizelement (17) im wesentlichen ohne Spiel in der Lagerung (46) montiert ist, die durch Flächen begrenzt wird, die dem Reagensblock angehören.
  14. Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Lagerung (46) von einer der Eingrenzungswandungen (47) begrenzt wird.
  15. Reaktor nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Eingrenzungsplatte (31) mit ihrem Umfang mit einer Umfangshülle (29) für die Versteifung des Blocks verbunden ist, die den Eingrenzungswandungen angehört.
  16. Reaktor nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Bereich, in dem die Eingrenzungsplatte (31) mit der Umfangshülle (29) verbunden ist, die Eingrenzungswandungen mit dem Umfangsrand einer Endkappe (36, 37) verbunden sind.
  17. Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Block (26) zylindrische Form aufweist und die Eingrenzungswandungen eine Umfangshülle zur Versteifung (29) umfassen.
  18. Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Eingrenzungswandungen eine Umfangshülle (29) umfassen, die Kühlrippen (56) trägt, die in einer ringförmigen Kammer (52) vorspringen, die zwischen der Umfangshülle (29) und einem Mantel (21) angeordnet ist.
  19. Reaktor nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rippen (56) derart ausgerichtet sind, daß sie zwischen sich Gänge für die Luftzirkulation (57) definieren, die parallel und vorzugsweise vertikal sind.
  20. Reaktor nach Anspruch 18 oder 19, gekennzeichnet durch Mittel (19, 22, 23), um selektiv die Zirkulation der Luft in der ringförmigen Kammer (52) zu gewährleisten oder zu verhindern.
  21. Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 18 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mantel (21) wärmeisoliert ist.
  22. Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 18 bis 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Eingrenzungswandungen (29, 31, 34, 47) aus rostfreiem Stahl und die Rippen (56) aus Aluminium sind.
  23. Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 18 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rippen (56) Profilabschnitten angehören, die auf der Umfangshülle (29) befestigt sind.
  24. Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Block (26) unter leichtem Zusammendruck in der Umfangshülle (29) montiert wird.
  25. Reaktor nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Block (26) Elementarblöcke (28) umfaßt, die hintereinander in der Umfangswandung (29) aufgereiht sind.
  26. Kühlmaschine, die in einem geschlossenen Kreis einen Hochdruckbehälter (3), einen Druckminderer (6), einen Verdampfer (8) und einen Reaktor (9) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 25 enthält.
  27. Container, der mit einer Kühlmaschine (1) nach Anspruch 26 ausgestattet ist.
  28. Reagenspatrone, insbesondere um Teil eines Reaktors nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 25,einer Kühlmaschine nach Anspruch 26 oder eines Containers nach Anspruch 27 zu sein, die einen Reagensblock umfaßt, der von einer dichten Hülle (60) umgeben ist, wobei dieser Block Hohlräume (63, 64) umfaßt,die durch die dichte Hülle (60) münden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hohlräume (63, 64) dicht durch vorübergehende Verschlußvorrichtungen (62) verschlossen sind.
EP94912588A 1993-04-07 1994-04-05 Chemischer reaktor, kältemaschine und behälter ausgestattet mit diesem reaktor und reagenzpatrone dafür Expired - Lifetime EP0692086B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9304141A FR2703763B1 (fr) 1993-04-07 1993-04-07 Réacteur chimique, machine frigorifique et conteneur ainsi équipés, et cartouche de réactif s'y rapportant.
FR9304141 1993-04-07
PCT/FR1994/000377 WO1994023253A1 (fr) 1993-04-07 1994-04-05 Reacteur chimique, machine frigorifique et conteneur ainsi equipes, et cartouche de reactif s'y rapportant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0692086A1 EP0692086A1 (de) 1996-01-17
EP0692086B1 true EP0692086B1 (de) 1998-07-01

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EP94912588A Expired - Lifetime EP0692086B1 (de) 1993-04-07 1994-04-05 Chemischer reaktor, kältemaschine und behälter ausgestattet mit diesem reaktor und reagenzpatrone dafür

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US5661986A (de)
EP (1) EP0692086B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH08508335A (de)
AT (1) ATE167930T1 (de)
AU (1) AU6506994A (de)
CA (1) CA2159901C (de)
DE (1) DE69411377T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2120033T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2703763B1 (de)
SG (1) SG52474A1 (de)
WO (1) WO1994023253A1 (de)

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FR2748093B1 (fr) * 1996-04-25 1998-06-12 Elf Aquitaine Dispositif thermochimique pour produire du froid et/ou de la chaleur
US7065981B2 (en) * 1997-07-14 2006-06-27 Dometic Ag Sorption unit for an air conditioning apparatus
FR2774460B1 (fr) * 1998-02-03 2000-03-24 Elf Aquitaine Procede de gestion d'une reaction thermochimique ou d'une adsorption solide-gaz
US6224842B1 (en) * 1999-05-04 2001-05-01 Rocky Research Heat and mass transfer apparatus and method for solid-vapor sorption systems
US6823931B1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2004-11-30 Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. Hydrogen cooled hydride storage unit incorporating porous encapsulant material to prevent alloy entrainment
US7003979B1 (en) 2000-03-13 2006-02-28 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for making a sorber
ES2190839B1 (es) * 2000-04-07 2004-09-16 Universidad De Vigo Dispositivo antirretorno para absorbedores de burbuja tubulares verticales.
FR2811412B1 (fr) * 2000-07-06 2002-08-23 Thermagen Dispositif de refrigeration par adsorption
FR2816698B1 (fr) * 2000-11-13 2004-05-28 Pierre Jeuch Dispositif de refrigeration par adsorption
JP2004502128A (ja) * 2000-07-06 2004-01-22 テルマジャン　ソシエテ　アノニム 吸着冷凍装置
SE527721C2 (sv) * 2003-12-08 2006-05-23 Climatewell Ab Kemisk värmepump arbetande enligt hybridpincipen
FR2873793B1 (fr) * 2004-07-30 2006-12-29 Alcali Ind Sa Reacteur thermochimique pour appareil de refrigeration et/ou de chauffage
CN101248320B (zh) * 2005-08-31 2010-10-06 科尔德维公司 用于冷却和/或加热器的热化学反应器
MY163046A (en) * 2010-05-19 2017-07-31 Joseph Company Int Inc Keg apparatus for self cooling and self dispensing liquids
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2703763B1 (fr) 1995-06-23
DE69411377D1 (de) 1998-08-06
ES2120033T3 (es) 1998-10-16
SG52474A1 (en) 1998-09-28
CA2159901A1 (fr) 1994-10-13
AU6506994A (en) 1994-10-24
WO1994023253A1 (fr) 1994-10-13
US5661986A (en) 1997-09-02
DE69411377T2 (de) 1999-01-28
FR2703763A1 (fr) 1994-10-14
EP0692086A1 (de) 1996-01-17
JPH08508335A (ja) 1996-09-03
ATE167930T1 (de) 1998-07-15
CA2159901C (fr) 2002-10-01

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