EP0683713B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von musikinstrumenten und nach diesem verfahren hergestellte musikinstrumente - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung von musikinstrumenten und nach diesem verfahren hergestellte musikinstrumente Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0683713B1
EP0683713B1 EP94906937A EP94906937A EP0683713B1 EP 0683713 B1 EP0683713 B1 EP 0683713B1 EP 94906937 A EP94906937 A EP 94906937A EP 94906937 A EP94906937 A EP 94906937A EP 0683713 B1 EP0683713 B1 EP 0683713B1
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Prior art keywords
wood
fibers
instrument
powder
core
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EP94906937A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0683713A1 (de
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Pierre Laurence
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N7/00—After-treatment, e.g. reducing swelling or shrinkage, surfacing; Protecting the edges of boards against access of humidity
    • B27N7/005—Coating boards, e.g. with a finishing or decorating layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N5/00—Manufacture of non-flat articles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D9/00—Details of, or accessories for, wind musical instruments
    • G10D9/08—Material for manufacturing wind musical instruments; Treatment of the material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a material intended to constitute a blank for a musical instrument and in particular for a wind instrument, such as, for example, a clarinet or an oboe. It also relates to musical instruments as well as materials capable of constituting a blank thereof.
  • the instrumental invoice uses, to make quality wind instruments, woods made of rare species such as rosewood or more particularly ebony. These woods are chosen partly because of their acoustic qualities but also because of their solidity and hardness, which make them suitable for undergoing the mechanical processing required by the fact that they have to support the various control mechanisms. of the instrument.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a method making it possible to produce a material from which it is possible to manufacture, in a completely traditional manner, musical instruments and in particular wind instruments, which have very different acoustic qualities. made comparable to those of traditional very high-end instruments, this process using, as base material, what usually constitutes the machining waste of traditional instruments.
  • This method further proposes to improve, in a particularly notable manner, the resistance to the transverse mechanical stresses undergone by the instrument.
  • the process according to the invention provides substantial savings since it makes it possible to use, as a basic material, on the one hand, the chips and other residues originating from the traditional machining of wind instruments and, on the other hand On the other hand, blocks of quality precious wood but whose characteristics, and in particular the dimensional characteristics, are insufficient to constitute such or such part of an instrument.
  • the method according to the invention also makes it possible to produce a basic material intended to constitute a musical instrument, which is perfectly isotropic, as shown by the equality of the elasticity modules. transverse and longitudinal obtained, this value of the modulus of elasticity can be adjusted to a desired value, by varying the nature and the quantity of staple fibers mixed with the wood powder.
  • the method also makes it possible to adjust the density of said material by varying the level of compression applied to the mixture during the heating step.
  • a reserve is formed in the center of the core molding step, corresponding substantially to the hollowed-out central part of the instrument.
  • the central recess can be produced using a mold provided with a retractable movable central core. Although this recess is preferably formed at a dimension lower than its final value on the finished instrument, so that it can be tuned to the desired timbre by means of reamers, as it is practiced according to traditional techniques, it can also be formed directly at its final rating.
  • the present invention therefore makes it possible to constitute blanks which are, on the one hand, easily machinable to the reamer, due to the low relative hardness of the core, and which, on the other hand, are particularly resistant to the stresses and in particular to the torsional and bending stresses to which wind instruments are usually subjected.
  • the production of the core by molding makes it possible to obtain a perfectly centered central recess which ensures effective guidance of the reamers.
  • the latter are usually made of mild steels, so that they cannot be used to machine materials of great hardness.
  • the present invention makes it possible to produce wind instruments capable of being adjusted by means of conventional mild steel reamers and which, nevertheless, have qualities of mechanical resistance at least equal to those of traditional instruments.
  • the present invention also relates to a material called base material intended to constitute the blank from which at least a part of a musical instrument is machined, and in particular a wind instrument, characterized in that it is consisting of a mixture of a powder, in the compressed state, of at least one type of wood with staple fibers, and in particular short fibers.
  • the present invention also relates to a musical instrument, and in particular a wind instrument, produced from the basic material previously mentioned.
  • the basic material of this clarinet body consists of two kilograms of ebony waste, for example from the chips remaining after the conventional manufacture of wind instruments.
  • This waste is steamed, under controlled humidity conditions of less than 5%, then is subjected to sieving (sieve of 5/10) in order to remove the impurities.
  • the waste is then crushed so as to obtain a pulverulent wood reduced to the state of "flour".
  • carbon fibers 50 grams are then mixed with the pulverulent wood from which the impurities which they may have previously removed, if any, have been removed, for example by cleaning them by incineration, by heating them to a high temperature, of the order of 500 ° C. .
  • the carbon fibers are then ground and graded to a length between about 2 mm and 10 mm and, more precisely in the present example, at a length of 3 mm, so as to form short staple fibers which can be mixed uniformly with the wood powder.
  • the fibers are separated before mixing, by adding a viscous product to them, known as a "debonding" product.
  • the Applicant has successfully used two types of deliant products.
  • a first type of debonding product consists of products which, after having fulfilled their function as a debonding agent, can be eliminated at least in part, for example by evaporation.
  • the applicant has thus obtained good results by using, as a debonding product, wallpaper glue based on carbomethylcellulose, the water of which it contains has been removed by evaporation, once the mixture of fibers and wood powder was made.
  • a second type of debonding product consists of products which, on the contrary, after ensuring their function as a debonding product, remain inside the mixture, but in a form which does not affect the mechanical qualities of the final blank.
  • the applicant has thus used resins which, after their action of unbinding fibers, are hardened, so that their presence does not affect the characteristics of the final product.
  • a debonding product consisting of wallpaper glue and, after mixing with the ebony powder in a mixer, for example of the kneader type, we have parboiled the mixture to remove the water contained therein.
  • the mixture obtained is then placed in a mold where it is subjected to a pressure of 200.10 5 Pa for fifteen minutes at a temperature of 150 ° C, sufficient to produce the fusion of the natural resins contained in the ebony powder and to allow good diffusion of these resins in the mixture.
  • a pressure of 200.10 5 Pa for fifteen minutes at a temperature of 150 ° C, sufficient to produce the fusion of the natural resins contained in the ebony powder and to allow good diffusion of these resins in the mixture.
  • the mold is removed and the blank of the clarinet body is obtained.
  • the invention makes it possible to improve the isotropic nature of the material constituting the instrument.
  • the longitudinal elastic modulus of the material according to the invention is significantly lower than that of natural ebony, which is not a problem since, on the one hand, it is possible to increase it up to the value of the latter (by varying the nature of the fibers and their quantity) and where, on the other hand, the value obtained is quite sufficient, since the main stresses undergone by instrument are not longitudinal constraints but transverse constraints.
  • the invention makes it possible to improve, in a notable way, the transverse elastic modulus of the material, thus giving the instrument a resistance which those of the prior art did not possess.
  • the product obtained is thus perfectly capable of constituting, from the mechanical point of view, but also from the aesthetic and tactile point of view, a-material, or a blank, from which a clarinet body will be machined.
  • a-material or a blank, from which a clarinet body will be machined.
  • the other parts of the clarinet can be obtained according to an identical procedure.
  • a mold provided with a retractable movable core after molding, which makes it possible to form, directly, by molding, the central orifice of the body of the instrument.
  • the present invention also has the advantage of making it possible to control without difficulty the density of the base material, and therefore that of the instrument which will be cut therein, by varying the particle size of the wood powder used, and the compression rate applied.
  • density of the basic material we also control its isotropy parameter, so that it is thus possible to use, for making certain musical instruments, and notably clarinets, woods, such as for example the iroko or red cedar (also known as “red cedar”) could not so far be used on the one hand because of their densities which are too different from that of conventional instruments and, on the other hand, because they are too anisotropic.
  • the Applicant has established that, in the field of wind instruments, the compression ratios are advantageously between 50.10 5 Pa and 500.10 5 Pa. However, in other fields of musical instruments such as, for example, instruments percussion the compression ratio will be higher, for example of the order of 700.10 5 Pa.
  • the process for manufacturing the base material or the blank is carried out in two stages, namely a first stage during which the central part, or core, of the instrument is manufactured, this central part being made of an easy-to-machine material, and a second step during which the core is coated with an external coating, or skin, of which the mechanical qualities and in particular the hardness and the modulus of elasticity are superior to those of the core.
  • pre-preform mold As shown in FIG. 1, to form the core, or pre-draft, of the part, wood in powder form is placed in the hollow 2 of a mold 1, called pre-preform mold, which is subjected to conditions pressure and temperature identical to those mentioned above.
  • the shape and dimensions of the hollow 2 of the mold 1 are such that a core 3 is thus obtained, the external dimensions of which are sufficient to allow the central bore and the adjustment of the instrument to be carried out subsequently.
  • the core 3 is then placed in another mold 5, called the preform mold, in which it rests, for example, on bosses 7 situated at its ends, so that its periphery is clear.
  • the free parts of the mold 5 are then filled with a mixture of wood in powder form and carbon fibers, this mixture being prepared as described above, then the assembly is brought to a temperature of approximately 150 ° C. under a pressure of approximately 200.10 5 Pa for a period of approximately 10 to 15 minutes so as to cause the natural resins contained in the wood to merge.
  • an epoxy type resin such as that sold by the company Shell under the epikote reference 828.
  • the finished instrument must have a hollowed-out central part, to constitute, during the molding step, a reserve in the center of the blank, or of the core, so as to forming, by molding, on the instrument, said hollowed-out central part.
  • the invention is particularly interesting for constituting blanks from which we will then cut, using techniques of the type used in traditional invoicing, the various parts of an instrument, it also makes it possible to obtain directly by molding these different parts, which represents a significant gain in terms of the cost price of the instrument.
  • the instrument consists of several parts, in particular tubular parts, which are assembled into each other by interlocking, and in order to compensate for the fragility created by the reduction in material necessary for the realization of the interlocking, there is in the areas where the latter are made, a greater density of short or long fibers oriented or not.
  • This form of implementation of the invention overcomes a defect inherent in wooden musical instruments constructed according to traditional methods, namely a lack of resistance to the junction of two nested parts.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Materials für die Herstellung eines Musikinstruments und insbesondere eines Blasinstruments, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die folgenden Schritte umfaßt, welche darauf beruhen:
    - ein aus wenigstens einer Holzart bestehendes Pulver herzustellen,
    - diesem Holzpulver Spinnfasern und insbesondere Kurzfasern beizumengen, wobei diese Fasern derart gewählt werden, daß durch entsprechendes Beeinflussen ihrer Art und ihrer Menge der Elastizitätsmodul des Materials auf den für das Instrument gewünschten Wert abgestimmt wird,
    - die auf diese Weise erhaltene Mischung aus Holzpulver und Fasern in einer Form anzuordnen, in welcher sie auf eine Temperatur erhitzt wird, die ausreicht, um die in dem Holz enthaltenen Naturharze zu schmelzen, und sie gleichzeitig, je nach der für das Instrument gewünschten Dichte unter einem Druck zwischen 50 x 105 Pa und 700 x 105 Pa zu halten,
    - die Mischung abzukühlen und gleichzeitig den Druck wenigstens während des Beginns der Abkühlung aufrechtzuerhalten.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Vorrohling, oder "Seele" gebildet wird, indem die folgenden Schritte durchgeführt werden, welche darauf beruhen:
    - ein aus wenigstens einer Holzart bestehendes Pulver herzustellen,
    - dieses Pulver in einer Form anzuordnen, in welcher es auf eine Temperatur erhitzt wird, die ausreicht, um die in dem Holz enthaltenen Naturharze zu schmelzen, und es gleichzeitig, je nach der für die Seele gewünschten Dichte unter einem Druck zwischen 50 x 105 Pa und 700 x 105 Pa zu halten,
    - die Seele abzukühlen und gleichzeitig den Druck wenigstens während des Beginns der Abkühlung aufrechtzuerhalten
    - die Seele aus der Form zu nehmen, sie in eine Form zu legen und um sie herum die obengenannte Mischung aus Holzpulver und Fasern derart anzuordnen, daß eine "Haut" gebildet wird,
    - die Gesamtheit aus Seele und Haut auf eine Temperatur zu erhitzen, die ausreicht, um die in dem Holz enthaltenen Naturharze zu schmelzen, und diese Gesamtheit gleichzeitig, je nach der gewünschten Dichte unter einem Druck zwischen 50 x 105 Pa und 700 x 105 Pa zu halten,
    - die Gesamtheit abzukühlen und gleichzeitig den Druck wenigstens während des Beginns der Abkühlung aufrechtzuerhalten.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bevor die Fasern mit dem pulverförmigen Holz gemischt werden, die Fasern durch Mischen mit einem "Loslösungs"-Mittel losgelöst werden.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Loslösungsmittel ein viskoses Mittel und insbesondere ein Harz ist.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß, sobald die Mischung aus Fasern und pulverförmigem Holz einmal hergestellt ist, das Loslösungsmittel wenigstens zum Teil eliminiert wird.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, bei dem das Instrument ein ausgespartes Mittelteil aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Verlaufe des Formens in der Mitte des Rohlings oder der Seele eine Reserve derart gebildet wird, daß durch Formen auf dem Instrument das ausgesparte Mittelteil geformt wird.
  7. Rohling zur Ausbildung eines Musikinstruments und insbesondere eines Blasinstruments, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er aus einer gepreßten Mischung bestehend aus einem Pulver aus wengistens einem Holz und Spinnfasern, und insbesondere Kurzfasern gebildet ist.
  8. Rohling nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er folgende Teile aufweist:
    - ein Mittelteil oder "Seele" (3), das aus einem Pulver aus wenigstens einem Holz in gepreßtem Zustand gebildet ist,
    - ein Außenteil oder "Haut" (9), das die Seele (3) umschließt und aus einer Mischung bestehend aus einem Pulver aus wenigstens einer Holzart in gepreßtem Zustand und Spinnfasern, und insbesondere Kurzfasern gebildet ist, wobei der Elastizitätsmodul der Haut (9) größer ist als derjenige der Seele (3).
  9. Musikinstrument und insbesondere Blasinstrument, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens eines seiner Teile aus einer gepreßten Mischung bestehend aus einem Pulver aus wengistens einer Holzart und Spinnfasern gebildet ist.
  10. Instrument nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es folgende Teile aufweist:
    - ein Mittelteil oder "Seele" (3), das aus einem Pulver aus wenigstens einer Holzart in gepreßtem Zustand gebildet ist,
    - ein Außenteil oder "Haut" (9), der die Seele (3) umschließt und aus einer gepreßten Mischung bestehend aus einem Pulver aus wenigstens einer Holzart und Spinnfasern, und insbesondere Kurzfasern gebildet ist, wobei der Elastizitätsmodul der Haut (9) größer ist als derjenige der Seele (3).
  11. Instrument nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das die Haut (9) bildende Holz dasselbe Holz ist, welches die Seele (3) bildet.
  12. Instrument nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fasern Kohlenstoff-Fasern sind.
  13. Instrument nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fasern Kurzfasern sind, d.h. Fasern, die kürzer als fünf Zentimeter sind.
  14. Instrument nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 13, bestehend aus mehreren Teilen, insbesondere röhrenförmigen Teilen, die ineinandergeschachtelt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die den Schachtelungen nahegelegenen Bereiche eine größere Faserdichte aufweisen als die anderen Bereiche des Instruments.
EP94906937A 1993-02-10 1994-02-10 Verfahren zur herstellung von musikinstrumenten und nach diesem verfahren hergestellte musikinstrumente Expired - Lifetime EP0683713B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9301476A FR2701420B1 (fr) 1993-02-10 1993-02-10 Procédé de fabrication d'instruments à vent et instruments obtenus suivant ce procédé.
FR9301476 1993-02-10
PCT/FR1994/000153 WO1994017971A1 (fr) 1993-02-10 1994-02-10 Procede de fabrication d'instruments de musique et instruments obtenus suivant ce procede

Publications (2)

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EP0683713A1 EP0683713A1 (de) 1995-11-29
EP0683713B1 true EP0683713B1 (de) 1997-01-08

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EP94906937A Expired - Lifetime EP0683713B1 (de) 1993-02-10 1994-02-10 Verfahren zur herstellung von musikinstrumenten und nach diesem verfahren hergestellte musikinstrumente

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US (1) US5686680A (de)
EP (1) EP0683713B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3654900B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69401424T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2701420B1 (de)
TW (1) TW279968B (de)
WO (1) WO1994017971A1 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU687337B3 (en) * 1997-07-08 1998-02-19 Russell Munro A method of constructing a musical instrument
DE10051700A1 (de) * 2000-10-18 2002-05-02 Synotec Psychoinformatik Gmbh Labial- oder Lingualpfeife
US6852917B2 (en) * 2001-10-16 2005-02-08 Mcaleenan Michael Construction and method of wind musical instrument
JP2008225088A (ja) 2007-03-13 2008-09-25 Yamaha Corp 木管楽器および木管楽器用管体の製造方法
JP5593613B2 (ja) 2009-02-12 2014-09-24 ヤマハ株式会社 音響用木質材料及びその製造方法並びにアコースティック楽器
KR101030270B1 (ko) * 2009-06-12 2011-04-22 주식회사 한국뮤즈 전기기타 제조방법
CN102896680B (zh) * 2012-08-14 2015-02-18 宁波大世界家具研发有限公司 一种用于木纤维模压件的组合模具及其模压方法
US9982100B2 (en) 2014-04-23 2018-05-29 Oy All-Plast Ab Acoustic product composed of composite material
CN111844323A (zh) * 2020-08-05 2020-10-30 陈乃峰 一种古琴及其制作工艺

Family Cites Families (9)

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GB984170A (en) * 1962-06-21 1965-02-24 Conway Dolman Ltd Improvements in or relating to chipboard
DE2144014A1 (de) * 1971-09-02 1973-03-15 Westag & Getalit Ag Verfahren zur herstellung eines mit oberflaechengrundierung versehenen holzfaser-formpressteiles
US4244847A (en) * 1978-08-10 1981-01-13 The Gates Rubber Company Fibrated admix or polymer and process therefore
JPS5964662A (ja) * 1982-10-04 1984-04-12 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 熱硬化性樹脂成形材料の製造方法
US4672006A (en) * 1986-03-28 1987-06-09 Mcgraw David W Tree processing and wood products system
FI872561A (fi) * 1987-06-08 1989-03-07 Matti Kaehoenen Ett blaosinstruments stomkonstruktion samt foerfarande foer framstaellning av ifraogavarande blaosinstrumentets stomkonstruktion.
US4969381A (en) * 1987-07-31 1990-11-13 Kuau Technology, Ltd. Composite-materials acoustic stringed musical instrument
JP2688648B2 (ja) * 1989-03-13 1997-12-10 カシオ計算機株式会社 弦楽器
CA2021777C (en) * 1989-07-26 1996-01-09 Albert Nicolay Method of producing lined mouldings

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5686680A (en) 1997-11-11
EP0683713A1 (de) 1995-11-29
FR2701420B1 (fr) 1995-05-05
DE69401424T2 (de) 1997-08-21
WO1994017971A1 (fr) 1994-08-18
TW279968B (de) 1996-07-01
DE69401424D1 (de) 1997-02-20
JPH08509175A (ja) 1996-10-01
FR2701420A1 (fr) 1994-08-19
JP3654900B2 (ja) 2005-06-02

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