EP0682730B1 - House composed of fabricated elements - Google Patents

House composed of fabricated elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0682730B1
EP0682730B1 EP94906823A EP94906823A EP0682730B1 EP 0682730 B1 EP0682730 B1 EP 0682730B1 EP 94906823 A EP94906823 A EP 94906823A EP 94906823 A EP94906823 A EP 94906823A EP 0682730 B1 EP0682730 B1 EP 0682730B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
house according
house
carrying
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94906823A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0682730A1 (en
Inventor
Johann Georg Dr. Schnitzer
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/26Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of wood
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2/00Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure
    • E01D2/04Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure of the box-girder type
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/20Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
    • E04B1/22Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material with parts being prestressed
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/44Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
    • E04C2/52Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits
    • E04C2/521Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/10Wood
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01DCONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/35Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
    • E04B2001/3583Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block using permanent tensioning means, e.g. cables or rods, to assemble or rigidify structures (not pre- or poststressing concrete), e.g. by tying them around the structure

Definitions

  • DE 71 49 351 proposes a building element for a solid wood house that does house building mainly allowed in self-made.
  • the components are built up in massive layers of wood or insulating material. This makes the components heavy and unwieldy.
  • this component does not provide a solution for the installations, for example for heating, electrical power, fresh and waste water, and possibly 1. Ventilation devices, provided.
  • DE 2 226 323 has disclosed a component which is designed in the form of posts and beams in order to create skeletons. These are clad steel pipes, by means of which a subsequently clad house structure can be built. However, this is not a complete building system for a house. Again, there are no suggestions regarding the installation work to be carried out. In addition, this only offers a skeleton of the house without details about the processing of the spaces to be filled.
  • DE 23 28 419 also proposes a kit for prefabricated houses. This is a process for the production of seamlessly pressed components. This document aims to propose a construction method for areas in which the raw materials used for normal building are not available. It is essentially a matter of pressing plate-shaped molded parts from fibrous materials, for example inferior wood from sugar cane, cotton, hemp, jute etc. Various structural elements are proposed as molded parts, which in their entirety result in a kit for the construction of houses. The moldings shown are designed so large that they can hardly be handled without machine help. In addition, no concrete solution for the installation or insulation is given.
  • the component provided for this purpose consists of a cuboid-shaped prefabricated shell body which can be connected to other components by form-fitting means or adhesive.
  • Various filling chambers in the interior of the shell body are to be filled with a rapidly hardening filling compound after the erection of the building for insulation. After all, channels or shafts for accommodating installation material are already provided in this component.
  • the component can be used for solid prefabricated house construction. Such a structure is relatively complicated due to the arrangement of different chambers or shafts. It is a component in conventional prefabricated construction and does not offer a complete solution for house construction.
  • DE 25 44 709 for the first time, disclosed a component set for a removable prefabricated house.
  • This is a set of components for a barrack-like building, in which the filling spaces of a skeletal system are filled with appropriate panels.
  • a pile construction is provided as the foundation, in which the foundation supports stand on plates on the floor. If necessary, the foundation can be fixed with ground anchors.
  • the house itself is built on a steel grate and assembled in any floor plan from prefabricated components. However, no specific details are given here for the installation of the installation facilities. Only parts for a channel for receiving the supply and disposal lines with a common connector are mentioned.
  • a house is described in FR-25 50 253, in which a supporting structure is built, which is then filled with inserts to form walls and ceilings.
  • the inserts according to this document are essentially hollow, but are not accessible for the insertion of installation lines because of the stiffening webs or the side walls.
  • the insulating material is introduced into each individual insert before inserting the insert and then the component thus prepared is assembled. On the one hand, this increases the effort involved in the construction of the house, and on the other hand, installation lines can no longer be laid using inserts provided with this type of insulation.
  • a house has also become known in which a supporting structure is constructed from essentially hollow supporting elements.
  • the horizontal beam elements are provided with openings through which the installation cables can be led into adjacent, hollow floor elements.
  • the object of the object described there is to provide greater flexibility, e.g. in dismantling and reconstruction, and thereby reducing costs.
  • the invention therefore has the task of proposing a house that can be assembled entirely from prefabricated elements, the possibility of self-construction should be obtained through consistent lightweight construction.
  • installation devices should be able to be installed as desired and, in particular, have good accessibility. Good thermal insulation should also be easy to install.
  • a house is made of prefabricated elements, in which a supporting and supporting structure is created from horizontal support elements and vertical support elements. Furthermore, floors, ceilings and walls are built with floor and wall inserts.
  • the carrier elements and inserts are essentially hollow and are provided with through openings on their abutting abutting sides. This results in an essentially continuous cavity within the components. The house installations and a non-hardening insulating material are placed in this cavity.
  • the installation work can also be done in-house in any way due to the complete hollow construction within the ceilings and walls.
  • a non-hardening insulating material is introduced into the essentially continuous cavity within the components, which already contains the installation devices.
  • Such materials for example in the form of flakes, have become known in biological house building as well as the associated blowing devices.
  • the entire cavity resulting from the above-described design of the carrying elements and insert parts is through the Through opening between the individual elements of a filling with the insulating material accessible.
  • the insulating material can be vacuumed off again.
  • the installation facilities are made accessible again in the event of a necessary repair or replacement.
  • the house can be dismantled again, whereby all elements can be reused for a new construction.
  • the insulation material can be completely replaced if new, better products become known or the old insulation material has its effect, e.g. because of his age, loses.
  • Such a house is of lasting value even without real estate, since it can be dismantled at any time and set up elsewhere.
  • the proposed lightweight components can be manufactured inexpensively from biologically compatible building materials.
  • Tensioning ropes or rods can be tensioned within the essentially hollow support elements or inserts to stabilize the house. These tensioning ropes or rods can also be anchored in the ground. With the help of such tensioning ropes or rods, a house in this ultra-lightweight design can be given a stability that is higher than that of a conventionally constructed house.
  • the roof is preferably also composed of essentially hollow support elements and inserts. This means that the roof can also be insulated in the same way as described above.
  • the aforementioned tensioning ropes or rods can also be pulled into the roof, which gives them stability that they can withstand extreme weather conditions such as storms, etc. You can also use the inside of the roof for the construction Carrier elements and inserts, in turn, installation devices are introduced, which are necessary, for example, when using a solar roof.
  • Such a roof can be designed as a flat as well as a gable roof.
  • a tensioning device is preferably provided for retensioning the tensioning cables or rods.
  • This tensioning device can optionally also comprise spring elements for automatic re-tensioning. This re-tensioning may be necessary, for example, due to an expansion of the tensioning cables or rods in order to achieve the desired stability of the house.
  • the house with its lowermost support elements is preferably placed on a pile foundation.
  • a pile foundation can in turn be installed by yourself and is also extremely environmentally friendly.
  • a pile foundation only affects the roots of existing trees selectively, so that their existence is not endangered.
  • the top layer of soil remains intact even when the house is finished.
  • Openings of this type which can be designed such that they can be closed with a cover under certain circumstances, make installation work and any repairs that may be necessary later extremely easy.
  • the connection of the individual components, which can be screwed together, for example, is made possible by the accessibility of the inside of the components through these inspection or work openings.
  • roof panels can be used as the roof covering, which are preferably attached to the roof structure consisting of support elements and insert parts by means of a Velcro connection.
  • the advantages of attaching the roof panels to the roof with such a Velcro fastening are obvious.
  • Velcro fastener is also advantageous when attaching an outer wall covering.
  • Cladding elements of any design for example in the shape of a shingle, can be fastened quickly, easily and in a removable manner.
  • the components can be produced as glued composite parts made of wood or composite materials such as chipboard or the like.
  • glued composite parts made of wood or composite materials such as chipboard or the like.
  • gypsum is a waste product in flue gas desulfurization plants in large quantities.
  • the owner could in turn produce such gypsum components himself, possibly with fiber additives for stabilization.
  • the resistance of the house to weather influences from outside and the sound and dust insulation inside can be improved in that a groove for receiving a seal made of an elastomer or the like is provided in the abutting components that form the walls, floors, ceilings and the roof in the edge region on the abutting side. If this groove is designed in such a way that, when two components are brought into abutment, there is an inwardly closed gap with a cross-sectional taper towards the outside, then a seal attached in the gap is captively caught in the gap.
  • the carrier elements are advantageously connected via coupling parts.
  • These coupling parts preferably have a hollow core with at least one lateral tube extension.
  • This lateral tube extension of the coupling part can be received in a bore in a terminal block on the end face of the carrier element.
  • a tension cable end can also be anchored to the pipe attachments of a coupling part.
  • the sides of a coupling part that are not accommodated in a carrier element can be formed at their free ends in such a way that they form a visually appealing and expedient termination of such a node of carrier elements or the end face of a carrier element.
  • the inserts advantageously have lateral connecting blocks in their interior. These are used to attach the inserts to adjacent support or intermediate elements.
  • a screw can be inserted through a hole in a connecting block, for example, which penetrates a hole in the end block of an adjacent support part and is screwed into the pipe socket of the associated coupling part.
  • the foundation is advantageously carried out in the form of a pile foundation.
  • piles are preferably used which have a foot with an enlarged cross section for anchoring in the ground, an elongated support part and a head for supporting support elements.
  • Such piles are suitable for anchoring in the ground, so that no additional ground anchors are required to fix the house.
  • the elongate support part has a device for height adjustment.
  • the height of the support piles of the pile foundation can be adjusted at any time. Such a height adjustment is also helpful for fine adjustment when first creating the pile foundation.
  • a house according to the invention is expediently provided with a bridge in pile construction as an access.
  • a bridge in pile construction as an access.
  • the individual houses it is recommended that the individual houses as well To make community facilities accessible via footbridges.
  • Such a footbridge has the advantage that no digging work is necessary for its construction.
  • the top layer of soil and the flora and fauna present there are hardly damaged.
  • the installation ducts are preferably accessible via covers on the top of the webs. New or additional installation devices can thus be inserted into the channels of the connecting webs at any time without great effort. Repeated excavation work, which unfortunately has become quite common nowadays when opening up a new residential area, can thus be omitted.
  • FIG. 1 An intersection 1 of the supporting structure of a house according to the invention is shown in FIG. It has a lower support 2 and an upper support 3, which is shown cut open lengthwise, as vertical support elements, a main support 4 leads obliquely to the right in the perspective view, an intermediate support 5 has an oblique to the left rear.
  • the two support elements 4, 5 are used to build a ceiling or floor.
  • a coupling part 6 with tension cables 7 carried out is shown offset laterally and belongs centrally in the intersection 1, as indicated by four arrows P.
  • the main carrier 4 has a hollow double-T profile, the upper crosspiece 8 being narrower than the lower crosspiece 9.
  • the lower crosspiece 9 is used to support inserts, not shown in this figure.
  • the vertical perforated side walls 10 are comparatively thin-walled and embedded in the two transverse webs 8, 9.
  • the intermediate carrier 5, whose lower crosspiece 11 is made narrower than the lower crosspiece 9 of the main carrier 4, has a gradation 12 on its end face.
  • the horizontal part of this gradation 12 is placed on the lower crosspiece 9 of the main support 4, so that the lower crosspiece 11 of the intermediate support 5 is flush with the crosspiece 9 on its underside.
  • the vertical support elements 2 and 3 have a square cross section. End blocks 13 with a bore 14 are attached to their end faces.
  • this bore 14 which continues in a bore 15 in the upper crosspiece 8 of the main support 4, is penetrated by a tubular extension 16 of the coupling part 6.
  • the coupling part 6 has a plurality of such tube attachments which engage in the respective end faces of the associated support elements.
  • the pull cables 7 run within the hollow support elements and serve to brace them.
  • the holes 17 in the side walls of the support elements serve to connect the interiors of the support elements 2 to 5 with the interiors of inserts, not shown in this figure, for laying installation devices.
  • a wall insert 18 according to FIG. 2 is stabilized by a plurality of longitudinal webs 19.
  • the insert 18 has connecting blocks 20 at the corners.
  • the insert 18 is open at the top within two corner strips 21, 22.
  • the longitudinal sides 23, like the longitudinal webs 19, are perforated with holes 24.
  • a large rectangular installation opening 27 allows good access to the interior of the wall insert 18 for laying installation devices.
  • corner openings 28 are provided in the support, by means of which a screw, not shown, can be inserted and screwed through a hole 29a in the connecting blocks 20.
  • this intermediate element 30 In the assembled state, there is a vertical support or intermediate element 30 in abutment with the insert part 18. On its end face, this intermediate element 30 has an end block 31 with a large bore 32 for receiving a tubular extension 16 of a coupling part 6 and a small bore 33 for receiving a Screw, not shown, which passes through the bore 29a of the connecting block 20 of the insert 18 and which can be screwed to the pipe socket 16 (see FIG. 1) when the coupling part 6 is installed.
  • vertical bores 29b are provided for receiving screws, not shown, with which the insert can be screwed on its top and bottom to a support element 4 abutting it.
  • the ceiling insert 34 according to Figure 3 has a slightly different plan than the wall insert 18, but is basically the same. It lies on lower crosspieces 9 of main beams 4 (see FIG. 1), which are only shown in broken lines in FIG.
  • the intermediate support 5 (see also FIG. 1) is somewhat offset from the ceiling insert 34 for better illustration, but butts against it in the fully assembled state.
  • the main carrier 4 and Intermediate beams 5 ( Figure 1) indicate the structure of a ceiling or a floor of a house according to the invention illustrated.
  • the cavities of the resulting ceilings and walls as a whole are also accessible to thermal or acoustic insulation.
  • the house roof 36 according to FIG. 4 is also composed of supports and insert elements.
  • an attic 37 and a store 38 of a house according to the invention are constructed from corresponding support elements 2 to 5.
  • 40 top brackets 41 are hooked onto the outermost main girders 39, which are perpendicular to the paper plane in the representation of FIG. 6.
  • These angle brackets 41 have an included angle ⁇ of 45 °.
  • the angle bracket 41 has a lower, long leg 42 which belongs to the attic floor 40 and a short leg 43 belonging to the sloping roof.
  • the roof structure is continued by a roof rack 44 in continuation to the short leg 43 of the angle bracket 41. It has a support device 45 for support on a roof support 46.
  • an angle bracket 41 The interior of an angle bracket 41 is illustrated in the enlarged detail according to FIG. 5.
  • a pipe crossing piece 53 is glued into the angle bracket 41.
  • Two pipes 54 are at an angle ⁇ of the roof slope (see FIG. 4) to each other, while a third pipe 55 is perpendicular to them in the direction of the roof ridge.
  • the tensioning cables 56 and 57 which are clamped in the tubes via clamping nipples 58, now run through this tube crossing 53.
  • the angular support 41 is fixed in its position by means of the tensioning cables 57 running upwards and the tensioning cables 56 running horizontally.
  • a guide sleeve 59 which is used to align the roof rack 44 in the straight extension of the short leg 43 of the angle bracket 41, is initially in the roof rack 44 and is pushed with its end face onto the angle bracket 41 after the roof rack 44 has been placed on it.
  • FIG. 1 An interior of a house according to the invention can be seen in the illustration according to FIG.
  • the ceiling or floor structure results from the arrangement of the main beams 4, the intermediate beams 5 and the insert parts 34, the structure of the side wall from the supports or intermediate parts 3 and the wall insert parts 18, which in this case are provided with windows 60 and with a balcony door 61 are.
  • a balcony can be attached to such a house in a simple manner by using protruding main beams 4.
  • the foundation is built up via support piles 62 as shown in FIG.
  • the support pole 62 has one Stamping foot 63, which is surrounded by a concrete jacket 64.
  • a support tube 65 with an internal thread 66 is welded to the stamping foot 63.
  • a support rod 67 with an external thread 66 ' is screwed into the support tube 65.
  • the head 70 of the support pole 62 is provided with a support profile 71 for supporting a main beam 4.
  • a rubber block 72 rests on a lower support profile 73 as a spring and / or damping element.
  • the rubber block 72 is anchored to the support rod 67 via a retaining washer 74.
  • the holding disc 74 is fastened in the support rod 67 via a spacer sleeve 75 and a screw 76 so that it can rotate freely.
  • the screw 76 is not tightened tightly, but is fixed via a locking pin 77.
  • Two bores 78 in the support rod 67 are provided for the introduction of cross bars, not shown, with which the support rod 67 can be rotated in the support tube 65.
  • the support profile 71 is penetrated by a tension tube 79, which is anchored in the rubber block 72 via a foot anchor 80.
  • the tensioning tube 79 equally penetrates the crossbars 8 and 9 of the main carrier 4.
  • a tensioning cable 7 is clamped in the tensioning tube 79 by means of two clamping screws 81.
  • the described support pole 62 serves not only as a height-adjustable foundation support, but at the same time due to the firm anchoring of the support rod 67 via the rubber block 72 to the tension cable 7 as an anchor for the house built thereon. Due to the rubber block 72, the support post 62 is able to absorb any earthquakes that may occur.
  • connecting webs 82 Access to a house according to the invention or to several houses in a residential complex and associated community facilities should be realized via connecting webs 82 according to FIG. 8.
  • a connecting web 82 is in turn suspended from corresponding support posts 83.
  • Cross profiles 84 with side Fastening elements 85 serve as a support for side gratings 86 and the central supports 87.
  • the central support 87 is placed loosely and serves as a cover, which is shown in broken lines in the open position 87 ', for an all-round clad installation shaft 88. In this installation shaft 88 there are various lines 89 and pipe connections 90.
  • a handrail 91 completes the connecting web 82.

Abstract

A house is composed of prefabricated elements, especially for construction by the owner, with a carrying or support structure consisting of carrying elements (3 to 5) and insertion elements (18, 34) for incorporation in the carrying or support structure in order to form walls and ceilings, said elements being based on the ultralight construction method and being particularly suitable for construction by the owner and enabling all systems such as water, electric, air conditioning and heating services to be installed in practically any manner. This is achieved in a construction mode which is particularly respectful of the natural environment, since the carrying members (3 to 5) and insertion elements (18, 34) are essentially hollow, and in that the sidewalls of the carrying elements (3 to 5) and insertion elements (18, 34) are open or are also perforated as possible stiffening ribs inside the construction elements.

Description

Der in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland herrschende Mangel an Wohnraum wird trotz politischer Bemühungen der Abhilfe in den kommenden Jahren weiter zunehmen. Der Grund hierfür liegt einerseits im steigenden Bedarf und andererseits in den erheblichen Kosten, die für den Wohnungsbau aufzubringen sind.The lack of housing in the Federal Republic of Germany will continue to increase in the coming years despite political efforts to remedy the situation. The reason for this lies on the one hand in the increasing demand and on the other hand in the considerable costs that have to be paid for housing construction.

Die Ursache für die erheblichen Kosten im Wohnungsbau sind teils in den hohen Grundstückspreisen, teils in den Preisen der eingesetzten Baumaterialien und nicht zuletzt in den hohen Löhnen der im Bau Beschäftigten zu suchen. Zusätzlich zu den genannten Faktoren treibt die Spekulation aufgrund des Wohnraummangels die Preise unverhältnismäßig nach oben.The reason for the considerable costs in residential construction are to be found partly in the high land prices, partly in the prices of the building materials used and last but not least in the high wages of those employed in construction. In addition to the factors mentioned, speculation is disproportionately driving up prices due to a lack of living space.

Um dem steigenden Bedarf an Wohnraum begegnen zu können, ist es daher von großer Wichtigkeit, die Kosten im Wohnungsbau zu senken. Selbstverständlich sollte jedoch eine derartige Kostensenkung ohne Einbußen in der Wohnqualität erfolgen. Dieser scheinbare Widerspruch kann nur durch eine Abkehr der herkömmlichen Hausbauweise gelöst werden.In order to be able to meet the increasing demand for living space, it is therefore very important to reduce the costs in housing construction. Of course, such a cost reduction should be done without sacrificing quality of life. This apparent contradiction can only be resolved by turning away from conventional house construction.

Die meisten Vorschläge, kostengünstiger zu bauen, zielen daraufhin ab, vorgefertigte Bauelemente zu verwenden, da diese in großer Zahl preiswerter herstellbar sind. So wird beispielsweise in der DE 71 49 351 ein Bauelement für ein Holz-Massiv-Haus vorgeschlagen, das den Hausbau hauptsächlich im Eigenbau erlaubt. Die Bauelemente werden hierbei massiv, schichtweise aus Holz bzw. Dämmaterial aufgebaut. Hierdurch werden die Bauelemente schwer und unhandlich. Außerdem wird mit diesem Bauelement keine Lösung für die Installationen, beispielsweise für die Heizung, den elektrischen Strom, Frisch- und Abwasser, und evt1. Lüftungsvorrichtungen, vorgesehen.Most of the proposals to build more cost-effectively aim to use prefabricated components, since a large number of them are cheaper to manufacture. For example, DE 71 49 351 proposes a building element for a solid wood house that does house building mainly allowed in self-made. The components are built up in massive layers of wood or insulating material. This makes the components heavy and unwieldy. In addition, this component does not provide a solution for the installations, for example for heating, electrical power, fresh and waste water, and possibly 1. Ventilation devices, provided.

Desweiteren ist mit der DE 2 226 323 ein Bauelement bekannt geworden, das in Form von Pfosten und Balken ausgeführt wird, um Häusergerippe zu erstellen. Es handelt sich hierbei um verkleidete Stahlrohre, mittels derer eine nachträglich verkleidbare Hausstruktur errichtet wird. Hierbei handelt es sich allerdings um kein komplettes Bausystem für ein Haus. Es sind wiederum keinerlei Vorschläge hinsichtlich der durchzuführenden Installationsarbeiten vorgesehen. Außerdem wird hiermit lediglich ein Häusergerippe ohne Angaben über die Bearbeitung der auszufüllenden Zwischenräume angeboten.Furthermore, DE 2 226 323 has disclosed a component which is designed in the form of posts and beams in order to create skeletons. These are clad steel pipes, by means of which a subsequently clad house structure can be built. However, this is not a complete building system for a house. Again, there are no suggestions regarding the installation work to be carried out. In addition, this only offers a skeleton of the house without details about the processing of the spaces to be filled.

Einen Bausatz für Fertighäuser schlägt außerdem die DE 23 28 419 vor. Hierbei handelt es sich um ein Verfahren zur Herstellung fugenlos gepreßter Bauelemente. Diese Schrift zielt darauf ab, eine Bauweise für Gegenden vorzuschlagen, in denen die zum üblichen Bauen verwendeten Rohstoffe nicht zur Verfügung stehen. Es geht im wesentlichen darum, aus Faserstoffen, beispielsweise minderwertigem Holz aus Zuckerrohr, Baumwolle, Hanf, Jute etc., plattenförmige Formteile zu pressen. Es werden verschiedene Bauelemente als Formteile vorgeschlagen, die in ihrer Gesamtheit einen Bausatz zur Errichtung von Häusern ergeben. Die gezeigten Formteile sind so groß ausgelegt, daß sie ohne maschinelle Hilfe kaum zu handhaben sind. Außerdem wird wiederum keine konkrete Lösung für die Installation bzw. die Dämmung angegeben.DE 23 28 419 also proposes a kit for prefabricated houses. This is a process for the production of seamlessly pressed components. This document aims to propose a construction method for areas in which the raw materials used for normal building are not available. It is essentially a matter of pressing plate-shaped molded parts from fibrous materials, for example inferior wood from sugar cane, cotton, hemp, jute etc. Various structural elements are proposed as molded parts, which in their entirety result in a kit for the construction of houses. The moldings shown are designed so large that they can hardly be handled without machine help. In addition, no concrete solution for the installation or insulation is given.

In der DE 23 41 885 wird ein Bauelement für den Hausbau beschrieben, mit der die Rationalisierung des Massiv-Hausbaues gesteigert werden soll. Das hierfür vorgesehene Bauelement besteht aus einem quaderförmigen vorgefertigten Schalenkörper, der durch formschlüssige Mittel oder Kleber mit anderen Bauelementen verbindbar ist. Verschiedene Füllkammern im Innern des Schalenkörpers sollen nach der Errichtung des Baus zur Isolation mit einer rasch aushärtenden Füllmasse ausgefüllt werden. Immerhin werden in diesem Bauelement bereits Kanäle oder Schächte zur Unterbringung von Installationsmaterial vorgesehen. Das Bauelement ist für den Massiv-Fertig-Hausbau verwendbar. So ein Aufbau ist relativ kompliziert durch die Anordnung verschiedener Kammern oder Schächte. Es stellt eine Komponente im herkömmlichen Fertigbau dar und bietet keine Komplettlösung für den Hausbau.DE 23 41 885 describes a component for house construction with which the rationalization of solid house construction is to be increased. The component provided for this purpose consists of a cuboid-shaped prefabricated shell body which can be connected to other components by form-fitting means or adhesive. Various filling chambers in the interior of the shell body are to be filled with a rapidly hardening filling compound after the erection of the building for insulation. After all, channels or shafts for accommodating installation material are already provided in this component. The component can be used for solid prefabricated house construction. Such a structure is relatively complicated due to the arrangement of different chambers or shafts. It is a component in conventional prefabricated construction and does not offer a complete solution for house construction.

Die bisher genannten Schriften beinhalten insgesamt Bauelemente zur Rationalisierung und damit zur Kostensenkung von Fertigbauhäusern bekannter Massivbauart. Derartige Häuser können nicht wiederverwertbar abgebaut werden, wenn sie einmal errichtet sind. Sie benötigen ein herkömmliches Fundament mit Baugrube und verursachen hierdurch nachteilige Störungen in der Natur. Die Vegetation wird auch in größerem Umfang außerhalb der eigentlichen Baugrube nachhaltig zerstört. Für den Antransport der Baumaterialien werden schwere Fahrzeuge benötigt, für die entsprechende Zufahrtswege bereit gestellt werden müssen. Für das Fundament werden Baumwurzeln großflächig abgetrennt, so daß Bäume in der näheren Umgebung keine Überlebungschance haben.The previously mentioned writings contain components for rationalization and thus for reducing the cost of prefabricated houses of known solid construction. Such houses cannot be dismantled for recycling once they have been built. They require a conventional foundation with an excavation pit and thereby cause adverse disturbances in nature. The vegetation is also being destroyed on a large scale outside of the actual excavation pit. Heavy vehicles are required to transport the building materials, for which appropriate access routes must be provided. For the foundation, tree roots are separated over a large area, so that trees in the surrounding area have no chance of survival.

Die Möglichkeiten der Kosteneinsparung durch Eigenbau sind außerdem bei derartigen Bauverfahren durch den notwendigen Maschineneinsatz weiteingehend eingeschränkt.The possibilities of saving costs through self-construction are also largely limited in such construction methods due to the necessary use of machinery.

Da alle derartigen Bauvorhaben den Baugrund und damit letztendlich die Landschaft auf Dauer verändern bzw. in Mitleidenschaft ziehen, sind aus gutem Grund die Voraussetzungen für eine Baugenehmigung sehr restriktiv.Since all such construction projects permanently change or affect the building site and thus ultimately the landscape, there are good reasons why the requirements for a building permit are very restrictive.

Demgegenüber wurde mit der DE 25 44 709 erstmalig ein Bauelementesatz für ein demontierbares Fertighaus bekannt. Es handelt sich hierbei um einen Bauelementesatz für ein barackenartiges Gebäude, bei dem die Füllräume eines Skelettsystems durch entsprechende Platten ausgefüllt werden. Als Fundament wird hierbei eine Pfahlbauweise vorgesehen, bei der die Fundamentstützen auf Platten auf dem Boden aufstehen. Das Fundament kann ggf. mit Erdankern fixiert werden. Das Haus selbst wird auf einen Stahlrost aufgebaut und in beliebigem Grundriß aus vorgefertigten Bauelementen zusammengesetzt. Für die Anbringung der Installationseinrichtungen werden aber auch hier keine konkreten Angaben gemacht. Es werden lediglich Teile für einen Kanal zur Aufnahme der Be- und Entsorgungsleitungen mit einem gemeinschaftlichen Anschlußstück erwähnt.In contrast, DE 25 44 709, for the first time, disclosed a component set for a removable prefabricated house. This is a set of components for a barrack-like building, in which the filling spaces of a skeletal system are filled with appropriate panels. A pile construction is provided as the foundation, in which the foundation supports stand on plates on the floor. If necessary, the foundation can be fixed with ground anchors. The house itself is built on a steel grate and assembled in any floor plan from prefabricated components. However, no specific details are given here for the installation of the installation facilities. Only parts for a channel for receiving the supply and disposal lines with a common connector are mentioned.

Des weiteren wird in der FR-25 50 253 ein Haus beschrieben, bei dem ein Trag- und Stützwerk errichtet wird, das anschließend zur Bildung von Wänden und Decken mit Einlegeteilen ausgefüllt wird. Die Einlegeteile gemäß dieser Schrift sind zwar im wesentlichen hohl, sind jedoch aufgrund durchgezogener Versteifungsstege oder durchgezogener Seitenwände dem Einbringen von Installationsleitungen nicht zugänglich. Zudem wird in dieser Schrift das Dämmaterial vor dem Einlegen des Einlegeteils in jedes einzelne Einlegeteil eingebracht und sodann das so vorbereitete Bauelement montiert. Dies erhöht zum einen den Aufwand bei der Errichtung des Hauses, zum anderen können Installationsleitungen durch derartig mit Dämmstoff versehene Einlegeteile nicht mehr verlegt werden.Furthermore, a house is described in FR-25 50 253, in which a supporting structure is built, which is then filled with inserts to form walls and ceilings. The inserts according to this document are essentially hollow, but are not accessible for the insertion of installation lines because of the stiffening webs or the side walls. In addition, in this document the insulating material is introduced into each individual insert before inserting the insert and then the component thus prepared is assembled. On the one hand, this increases the effort involved in the construction of the house, and on the other hand, installation lines can no longer be laid using inserts provided with this type of insulation.

Mit der WO-92/14 891 ist weiterhin ein Haus bekannt worden, bei dem ein Trag und Stützwerk aus im wesentlichen hohlen Tragelementen errichtet wird. Die waagerechten Balkenelemente sind hierbei mit Öffnungen versehen, durch die Installationsleitungen in angrenzende, hohle Bodenelemente hindurchgeführt werden können. Aufgabe des dort beschriebenen Gegenstandes ist es, eine größere Flexibilität, z.B. beim Abbau und Wiederaufbau, zu erzielen und dadurch die Kosten zu senken.With WO-92/14 891 a house has also become known in which a supporting structure is constructed from essentially hollow supporting elements. The horizontal beam elements are provided with openings through which the installation cables can be led into adjacent, hollow floor elements. The object of the object described there is to provide greater flexibility, e.g. in dismantling and reconstruction, and thereby reducing costs.

Über die Ausbildung der Wände wird in dieser Schrift nichts verlautbart. Die angegebenen Maßnahmen für das Verlegen von Hausinstallationen betreffen somit nur einzelne Stockwerke. Weiterhin wird die Frage einer geeigneten Wärmedämmung in diesem Dokument überhaupt nicht aufgegriffen. Auch die Möglichkeit des Eigenbaus mit entsprechender Reduzierung des Einsatzes von Baumaschinen wird nicht angesprochen.Nothing is said in this document about the formation of the walls. The specified measures for the laying of house installations therefore only affect individual floors. Furthermore, the question of suitable thermal insulation is not addressed at all in this document. The possibility of self-construction with a corresponding reduction in the use of construction machinery is also not addressed.

Die Erfindung hat daher die Aufgabe, ein Haus vorzuschlagen, das komplett aus Fertigbauelementen zusammengesetzt werden kann, wobei die Möglichkeit des Eigenbaus durch konsequente Leichtbauweise erhalten werden soll. Installationseinrichtungen sollen nach der Errichtung von Wänden und Decken in einem erfindungsgemäßen Haus beliebig zu verlegen sein und insbesondere eine gute Zugänglichkeit aufweisen. Weiterhin soll eine gute Wärmeisolierung auf einfache Weise anzubringen sein.The invention therefore has the task of proposing a house that can be assembled entirely from prefabricated elements, the possibility of self-construction should be obtained through consistent lightweight construction. After the installation of walls and ceilings in a house according to the invention, installation devices should be able to be installed as desired and, in particular, have good accessibility. Good thermal insulation should also be easy to install.

Nach Möglichkeit sollen alle Bauelemente ohne maschinelle Unterstützung transportabel sein. Das gesamte Haus soll außerdem wiederverwertbar abzubauen sein. Die oben angeführte hohe Flexibilität beim Verlegen der Hausinstallationen und das geringe Gewicht der einzelnen Bauelemente beim Aufbau des Hauses soll beibehalten werden.If possible, all components should be transportable without mechanical support. The entire house should also be dismantled for recycling. The above-mentioned high flexibility when laying the house installations and the low weight of the individual components when building the house should be retained.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß ein Haus aus Fertigbauelementen erstellt wird, bei dem ein Trag- und Stützwerk aus Horizontalträgerelementen und Vertikalträgerelementen erstellt wird. Weiterhin werden Böden, Decken und Wände mit Boden- und Wandeinlegeteilen aufgebaut. Die Trägerelemente und Einlegeteile sind hierbei im wesentlichen hohl und an ihren aneinanderstoßenden Stoßseiten mit Durchgangsöffnungen versehen. Hierdurch ergibt sich ein im wesentlichen durchgängiger Hohlraum innerhalb der Bauelemente. In diesem Hohlraum werden die Hausinstallationen und ein nicht aushärtendes Isoliermaterial eingebracht.This object is achieved in that a house is made of prefabricated elements, in which a supporting and supporting structure is created from horizontal support elements and vertical support elements. Furthermore, floors, ceilings and walls are built with floor and wall inserts. The carrier elements and inserts are essentially hollow and are provided with through openings on their abutting abutting sides. This results in an essentially continuous cavity within the components. The house installations and a non-hardening insulating material are placed in this cavity.

Durch die Verwendung von Hohlbauteilen als Bauelemente läßt sich eine extreme Leichtbauweise realisieren. Ohne maschinelle Unterstützung kann ein derartiges Haus in Eigenbauweise zusammengesetzt werden. Der Transport derartiger Bauteile stellt kein größeres Problem dar.By using hollow components as components, an extremely lightweight construction can be realized. Such a house can be assembled in-house without mechanical support. Transporting such components is not a major problem.

Auch die Installationsarbeiten können in Eigenarbeit in beliebiger Weise durch die vollständige Hohlbauweise innerhalb der Decken und Wände vorgenommen werden.The installation work can also be done in-house in any way due to the complete hollow construction within the ceilings and walls.

In den im wesentlichen durchgehenden Hohlraum innerhalb der Bauelemente, der bereits die Installationseinrichtungen enthält, wird ein nicht aushärtendes Isoliermaterial eingebracht. Derartige Materialien, beispielsweise in Flockenform, sind im biologischen Hausbau ebenso bekannt geworden wie die zugehörigen Einblasvorrichtungen.A non-hardening insulating material is introduced into the essentially continuous cavity within the components, which already contains the installation devices. Such materials, for example in the form of flakes, have become known in biological house building as well as the associated blowing devices.

Bislang wurde jedoch das Isoliermaterial nach und nach in einzelne Gefache eines beidseitigen verkleideten von einem Zimmermann erstellten Holzbalkenfachwerks eingefüllt.So far, however, the insulation material has been gradually poured into individual compartments of a timber-frame framework, which was clad on both sides by a carpenter.

Vorliegend ist der gesamte durch die vorbeschriebene Ausbildung der Trageelemente und Einlegeteile entstehende Hohlraum durch die Durchgangsöffnung zwischen den einzelnen Elementen einer Befüllung mit dem Isoliermaterial zugänglich. Auf die gleiche Weise kann das Dämmaterial auch wieder abgesaugt werden.In the present case, the entire cavity resulting from the above-described design of the carrying elements and insert parts is through the Through opening between the individual elements of a filling with the insulating material accessible. In the same way, the insulating material can be vacuumed off again.

Hierdurch werden die Installationseinrichtungen im Falle einer notwendigen Reparatur oder eines Austausches wieder zugänglich gemacht. Das Haus ist nach der Entnahme des Dämmaterials wieder abbaubar, wobei alle Elemente zu einem Neuaufbau wiederverwendet werden können, weiterhin kann das Dämmaterial komplett ausgetauscht werden, falls neue, bessere Produkte bekannt werden oder der alte Dämmstoff seine Wirkung, z.B. aufgrund seines Alters, verliert.As a result, the installation facilities are made accessible again in the event of a necessary repair or replacement. After the insulation material has been removed, the house can be dismantled again, whereby all elements can be reused for a new construction. Furthermore, the insulation material can be completely replaced if new, better products become known or the old insulation material has its effect, e.g. because of his age, loses.

Sämtliche Bauelemente sind kostengünstig herzustellen, so daß der Materialaufwand gegenüber einem konventionellen Hausbau erheblich niedriger liegt. Da zudem alle wesentlichen Arbeiten in Eigenleistung erbracht werden können, werden die Baukosten nachhaltig gesenkt. Der Wohnraum, der in einer derartigen Bauweise geschaffen wird, wird für eine breite Bevölkerungsschicht erschwinglich.All components are inexpensive to manufacture, so that the cost of materials compared to conventional house construction is considerably lower. Since all essential work can also be performed in-house, construction costs are reduced sustainably. The living space that is created in such a construction becomes affordable for a broad section of the population.

Ein derartiges Haus stellt auch ohne Grundbesitz einen dauerhaften Wert dar, da es bei Bedarf jederzeit zerlegt und an anderer Stelle aufgebaut werden kann. Die vorgeschlagenen Leichtbauelemente können kostengünstig aus biologisch verträglichen Baumaterialien hergestellt werden.Such a house is of lasting value even without real estate, since it can be dismantled at any time and set up elsewhere. The proposed lightweight components can be manufactured inexpensively from biologically compatible building materials.

Durch die in den Neben- und Unteransprüchen genannten Maßnahmen werden vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Ausführungen der Erfindung möglich.
Falls evt1. Versteifungsstege innerhalb der Trägerelemente oder Einlegeteile vorgesehen sind, so sind diese vorteilhafterweise ebenso gelocht ausgeführt.
The measures mentioned in the subclaims and subclaims make advantageous developments and designs of the invention possible.
If possibly 1. Stiffening webs are provided within the support elements or inserts, so they are advantageously also perforated.

Innerhalb der im wesentlichen hohlen Trägerelemente oder Einlegeteile können zur Stabilisierung des Hauses Spannseile oder -stäbe gespannt werden. Diese Spannseile oder -stäbe können zusätzlich im Boden verankert sein.
Mit Hilfe derartiger Spannseile oder -stäbe kann einem Haus in dieser Ultra-Leichtbauform eine Stabilität verliehen werden, die über derjenigen eines konventionell errichteten Hauses liegt. Vorzugsweise wird auch das Dach aus im wesentlichen hohlen Trägerelementen und Einlegeteilen zusammengesetzt. Somit kann auch das Dach auf die gleiche Weise wie oben beschrieben isoliert werden. Auch die genannten Spannseile oder -stäbe können in das Dach eingezogen werden, wodurch diesem eine Stabilität verliehen wird, daß es auch extremen Witterungseinflüssen, wie Stürmen etc., standhält. Zudem können ins Innere der für den Aufbau des Dachs verwendeten Trägerelemente und Einlegeteile wiederum Installationseinrichtungen eingebracht werden, die beispielsweise bei der Verwendung eines Solardaches notwendig sind. Ein derartiges Dach kann sowohl als Flach- als auch als Giebeldach ausgebildet sein.
Tensioning ropes or rods can be tensioned within the essentially hollow support elements or inserts to stabilize the house. These tensioning ropes or rods can also be anchored in the ground.
With the help of such tensioning ropes or rods, a house in this ultra-lightweight design can be given a stability that is higher than that of a conventionally constructed house. The roof is preferably also composed of essentially hollow support elements and inserts. This means that the roof can also be insulated in the same way as described above. The aforementioned tensioning ropes or rods can also be pulled into the roof, which gives them stability that they can withstand extreme weather conditions such as storms, etc. You can also use the inside of the roof for the construction Carrier elements and inserts, in turn, installation devices are introduced, which are necessary, for example, when using a solar roof. Such a roof can be designed as a flat as well as a gable roof.

Vorzugsweise wird eine Spannvorrichtung zum Nachspannen der Spannseile oder -stäbe vorgesehen. Diese Spannvorrichtung kann ggf. auch Federelemente zum automatischen Nachspannen umfassen. Dieses Nachspannen kann beispielsweise aufgrund einer Dehnung der Spannseile oder -stäbe notwendig werden, um die gewünschte Stabilität des Hauses zu bewirken.A tensioning device is preferably provided for retensioning the tensioning cables or rods. This tensioning device can optionally also comprise spring elements for automatic re-tensioning. This re-tensioning may be necessary, for example, due to an expansion of the tensioning cables or rods in order to achieve the desired stability of the house.

Vorzugsweise wird das Haus mit seinen untersten Trägerelementen auf einem Pfahlbaufundament aufgelegt. Ein derartiges Fundament kann wiederum in Eigenarbeit angebracht werden und ist außerdem äußerst umweltfreundlich. Ein Pfahlbaufundament beeinträchtigt das Wurzelwerk vorhandener Bäume lediglich punktuell, so daß deren Bestand nicht gefährdet wird. Außerdem bleibt die oberste Bodenschicht auch bei fertig erstelltem Haus intakt.The house with its lowermost support elements is preferably placed on a pile foundation. Such a foundation can in turn be installed by yourself and is also extremely environmentally friendly. A pile foundation only affects the roots of existing trees selectively, so that their existence is not endangered. In addition, the top layer of soil remains intact even when the house is finished.

Um ein einheitliches Rastermaß der Bauelemente für das gesamte Haus zu gewährleisten, empfiehlt es sich, zwischen zwei Einlegeteilen jeweils dann ein zusätzliches Zwischenelement vorzusehen, wenn an dieser Stelle nicht ohnehin schon ein Trägerelement benötigt wird.In order to ensure a uniform grid dimension of the components for the entire house, it is advisable to provide an additional intermediate element between two inserts if a support element is not already required at this point.

Von großem Vorteil ist es, wenn in den Einlegeteilen Inspektions- oder Arbeitsöffnungen vorhanden sind. Derartige Öffnungen, die unter Umständen mit einem Deckel verschließbar ausgebildet sein können, erleichtern die Installationsarbeiten und evtl. später anfallende Reparaturen enorm. Auch die Verbindung der einzelnen Bauelemente miteinander, die beispielsweise miteinander verschraubt werden können, wird durch die Zugänglichkeit der Innenseite der Bauelemente durch diese Inspektions- oder Arbeitsöffnungen erleichtert.It is a great advantage if there are inspection or working openings in the inserts. Openings of this type, which can be designed such that they can be closed with a cover under certain circumstances, make installation work and any repairs that may be necessary later extremely easy. The connection of the individual components, which can be screwed together, for example, is made possible by the accessibility of the inside of the components through these inspection or work openings.

Da die waagerechten, die Decken- oder Böden tragenden Trägerelemente auch als Hohlprofil eine hohe Belastbarkeit aufweisen müssen, empfiehlt es sich, dieses als hohles Doppel-T-Profil auszubilden.Since the horizontal support elements supporting the ceiling or floor must also have a high load-bearing capacity as a hollow profile, it is advisable to design this as a hollow double-T profile.

Als Dachbelag können beliebige Dachplatten Verwendung finden, die vorzugsweise über eine Klettverbindung auf der aus Trägerelementen und Einlegeteilen bestehenden Dachkonstruktion befestigt werden. Die Vorteile beim Anbringen der Dachplatten auf dem Dach durch eine derartige Klettbefestigung liegen auf der Hand.Any roof panels can be used as the roof covering, which are preferably attached to the roof structure consisting of support elements and insert parts by means of a Velcro connection. The advantages of attaching the roof panels to the roof with such a Velcro fastening are obvious.

Ein derartiger Klettverschluß ist auch beim Anbringen einer Außenwandverkleidung von Vorteil. Beliebig ausgeführte Verkleidungselemente, beispielsweise in Schindelform, können so schnell, problemlos und demontierbar befestigt werden.Such a Velcro fastener is also advantageous when attaching an outer wall covering. Cladding elements of any design, for example in the shape of a shingle, can be fastened quickly, easily and in a removable manner.

Die Bauelemente können als verleimte Verbundteile aus Holz oder Verbundwerkstoffen, wie Spanplatten oder dgl. hergestellt werden. Hierbei bietet sich eine weitere Möglichkeit der Kostensenkung für den Hauseigner an, in dem er sich die Bauelemente aus zugeschnittenen Teilen im Eigenbau zusammenleimt.The components can be produced as glued composite parts made of wood or composite materials such as chipboard or the like. Here, there is another way of reducing costs for the house owner, in which he glues the components from cut parts in his own construction.

Eine weitere kostengünstige Möglichkeit, die Bauelemente zu fertigen, besteht in der Verwendung von Gips, der als Abfallprodukt in Rauchgasentschwefelungsanlagen in großen Mengen anfällt. Mit entsprechenden Formen könnte wiederum der Eigner in Eigenarbeit derartige Gipsbauelemente, ggf. mit Faserzusätzen zur Stabilisierung, herstellen.Another inexpensive way to manufacture the components is to use gypsum, which is a waste product in flue gas desulfurization plants in large quantities. With the appropriate molds, the owner could in turn produce such gypsum components himself, possibly with fiber additives for stabilization.

Die Beständigkeit des Hauses gegenüber Witterungseinflüssen von außen und die Schall- und Staubisolierung im Inneren können dadurch verbessert werden, daß in den aneinanderstoßenden, die Wände, Böden, Decken sowie das Dach bildenden Bauelementen in deren Randbereich an der Stoßseite eine Nut zur Aufnahme einer Dichtung aus einem Elastomer oder dgl. vorgesehen ist. Wird diese Nut so ausgebildet, daß sich bei zwei auf Stoß gebrachten Bauelementen ein nach innen geschlossener Spalt mit einer Querschnittsverjüngung nach außen hin ergibt, so ist eine in dem Spalt angebrachte Dichtung unverlierbar in diesem gefangen.The resistance of the house to weather influences from outside and the sound and dust insulation inside can be improved in that a groove for receiving a seal made of an elastomer or the like is provided in the abutting components that form the walls, floors, ceilings and the roof in the edge region on the abutting side. If this groove is designed in such a way that, when two components are brought into abutment, there is an inwardly closed gap with a cross-sectional taper towards the outside, then a seal attached in the gap is captively caught in the gap.

Die Trägerelemente werden vorteilhafter Weise über Kopplungsteile verbunden. Vorzugsweise weisen diese Kopplungsteile einen hohlen Kern mit wenigstens einem seitlichen Rohransatz auf. Dieser seitliche Rohransatz des Kopplungsteils kann in eine Bohrung eines Abschlußklotzes an der Stirnseite des Trägerelementes aufgenommen werden. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich entweder ein stirnseitiger Abschluß eines Trägerelementes oder gegebenenfalls eine Knotenstelle mehrerer Trägerelemente, die für evtl. Spannseile oder dgl. durchlässig ist. An den Rohransätzen eines Kopplungsteils kann auch ein Spannseilende verankert werden. Selbstverständlich können die Seiten eines Kopplungsteils, die nicht in ein Trägerelement aufgenommen werden, an ihren freien Enden so ausgebildet werden, daß sie einen optisch ansprechenden und zweckmäßigen Abschluß eines solchen Knotens von Trägerelementen oder der Stirnseite eines Trägerelementes bilden.The carrier elements are advantageously connected via coupling parts. These coupling parts preferably have a hollow core with at least one lateral tube extension. This lateral tube extension of the coupling part can be received in a bore in a terminal block on the end face of the carrier element. In this way, there is either an end closure of a support element or, if appropriate, a junction of several support elements, which is permeable to any tensioning cables or the like. A tension cable end can also be anchored to the pipe attachments of a coupling part. Of course, the sides of a coupling part that are not accommodated in a carrier element can be formed at their free ends in such a way that they form a visually appealing and expedient termination of such a node of carrier elements or the end face of a carrier element.

Die Einlegeteile weisen vorteilhafter Weise in ihrem Innern seitliche Verbindungsklötze auf. Diese dienen zur Befestigung der Einlegeteile an daran anstoßenden benachbarten Träger- oder Zwischenelementen. Durch eine Bohrung in einem Verbindungsklotz kann beispielsweise eine Schraube gesteckt werden, die eine Bohrung im Abschlußklotz eines benachbarten Trägerteils durchsetzt und in dem Rohransatz des zugehörigen Kopplungsteils verschraubt wird.The inserts advantageously have lateral connecting blocks in their interior. These are used to attach the inserts to adjacent support or intermediate elements. A screw can be inserted through a hole in a connecting block, for example, which penetrates a hole in the end block of an adjacent support part and is screwed into the pipe socket of the associated coupling part.

Das Fundament wird, wie oben angeführt vorteilhafterweise in Form eines Pfahlbaufundaments ausgeführt. Hierfür werden vorzugsweise Pfähle verwendet, die einen Fuß mit vergrößertem Querschnitt zur Verankerung im Boden, ein längliches Stützteil und einen Kopf zur Auflage von Trägerelementen aufweisen. Derartige Pfähle eignen sich zur Verankerung im Boden, so daß keine zusätzlichen Erdanker zur Fixierung des Hauses notwendig sind.As mentioned above, the foundation is advantageously carried out in the form of a pile foundation. For this purpose, piles are preferably used which have a foot with an enlarged cross section for anchoring in the ground, an elongated support part and a head for supporting support elements. Such piles are suitable for anchoring in the ground, so that no additional ground anchors are required to fix the house.

Von besonderem Vorteil ist es, wenn das längliche Stützteil eine Vorrichtung zur Höhenverstellung aufweist. Bei evtl. Erdabsenkungen kann jederzeit die Höhe der Stützpfähle des Pfahlbaufundaments nachgestellt werden. Auch zur Feinjustierung bei der Ersterstellung des Pfahlbaufundaments ist eine derartige Höhenverstellung hilfreich.It is particularly advantageous if the elongate support part has a device for height adjustment. In the event of subsidence, the height of the support piles of the pile foundation can be adjusted at any time. Such a height adjustment is also helpful for fine adjustment when first creating the pile foundation.

Insbesondere für erdbebengefährdete Gebiete empfiehlt es sich, den Pfahl mit einem Feder- und/oder Dämpfungselement zu versehen. Hierdurch können Erdstöße, die in der Regel sehr hart, aber mit sehr kleiner Amplitude erfolgen, abgefangen werden, ohne daß diese auf das Haus weitergeleitet werden.Particularly for areas prone to earthquakes, it is advisable to provide the pile with a spring and / or damping element. This allows earthquakes, which are usually very hard but with a very small amplitude, to be absorbed without being passed on to the house.

Zur Verankerung des Hauses im Boden ist es vorteilhaft, im Kopf eines derartigen Stützpfahls eine Halterung zur Aufnahme der Spannseile oder -stäbe vorzusehen. Da die Stützpfähle über ihren im Querschnitt vergrößerten Fuß fest im Boden verankert sind und der Hausaufbau mittels der Spannseile in der Haltevorrichtung des Stützpfahlkopfes fixiert werden kann, ergibt sich eine sichere und stabile Verankerung des Hauses im Boden.To anchor the house in the ground, it is advantageous to provide a holder in the head of such a support pile for receiving the tensioning cables or rods. Since the support piles are firmly anchored in the ground via their enlarged foot and the house structure can be fixed in the holding device of the support pile head by means of the tensioning ropes, this results in a secure and stable anchoring of the house in the ground.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Haus wird zweckmäßiger Weise mit einem Steg in Pfahlbauweise als Zugang versehen. Bei einem Wohnkomplex aus mehreren erfindungsgemäßen Häusern empfiehlt es sich, die einzelnen Häuser sowie Gemeinschaftseinrichtungen ebenfalls über Stege zugänglich zu machen. Hierbei ist es besonders vorteilhaft, in den Stegen Kanäle für Installationseinrichtungen wie Strom, Wasser, Gas, Abwasser, Kommunikation, etc. vorzusehen.A house according to the invention is expediently provided with a bridge in pile construction as an access. In the case of a residential complex consisting of several houses according to the invention, it is recommended that the individual houses as well To make community facilities accessible via footbridges. It is particularly advantageous here to provide channels for installation devices such as electricity, water, gas, waste water, communication, etc. in the webs.

Eine derartiger Steg hat den Vorteil, daß für seine Errichtung keinerlei Grabarbeiten notwendig sind. Auch hier gilt, wie für die einzelnen Häuser, daß die oberste Bodenschicht und die dort vorhandene Flora und Fauna kaum geschädigt werden.Such a footbridge has the advantage that no digging work is necessary for its construction. Here too, as for the individual houses, the top layer of soil and the flora and fauna present there are hardly damaged.

Um in kalten Jahreszeiten das Einfrieren von Wasserleitungen zu vermeiden, empfiehlt es sich, eine Steuervorrichtung und entsprechende Wasserspeicher vorzusehen, die die schubweise Zu- bzw. Abfuhr von Frisch- bzw. Abwasser zwischen den einzelnen Häuser und den entsprechenden Versorgungseinrichtungen erlaubt. Nach jedem Schub kann dann die entsprechende Leitung wieder leerlaufen und somit nicht mehr einfrieren.In order to avoid freezing of water pipes in cold seasons, it is advisable to provide a control device and corresponding water storage, which allows the supply or discharge of fresh or waste water between the individual houses and the corresponding supply facilities. After each push, the corresponding line can then run empty again and therefore no longer freeze.

Vorzugsweise sind die Installationskanäle über Deckel an der Oberseite der Stege zugänglich. Neue oder zusätzliche Installationseinrichtungen können somit jederzeit ohne großen Aufwand in die Kanäle der Verbindungsstege eingelegt werden. Wiederholte Grabungsarbeiten, wie sie leider heutzutage bei der Erschließung eines neuen Wohngebietes durchaus üblich geworden sind, können somit entfallen.The installation ducts are preferably accessible via covers on the top of the webs. New or additional installation devices can thus be inserted into the channels of the connecting webs at any time without great effort. Repeated excavation work, which unfortunately has become quite common nowadays when opening up a new residential area, can thus be omitted.

Ein Ausführungsbeipiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird anhand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert.An exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is explained in more detail with reference to the following description.

Es zeigen

Figur 1
einen Teilschnitt durch einen Knotenpunkt von Trägerelementen in perspektivischer Darstellung,
Figur 2
ein Einlegeteil für eine Wand mit einem vertikalen Träger- oder Zwischenelement,
Figur 3
ein Fußbodeneinlegeteil zusammen mit einem Träger oder Zwischenelement,
Figur 4
einen schematischen Querschnitt durch ein Dach eines erfindungsgemäßes Haus,
Figur 5
eine Ausschnittvergrößerung eines Kopplungsteils der Dachkonstruktion,
Figur 6
eine perspektivische Innenansicht eines Raums in einem erfindungsgemäßen Haus,
Figur 7
einen Stützpfahl für ein Pfahlbaufundament und
Figur 8
einen erfindungsgemäßen Zugangssteg.
Show it
Figure 1
a partial section through a node of support elements in a perspective view,
Figure 2
an insert for a wall with a vertical support or intermediate element,
Figure 3
a floor insert together with a support or intermediate element,
Figure 4
2 shows a schematic cross section through a roof of a house according to the invention,
Figure 5
an enlarged detail of a coupling part of the roof structure,
Figure 6
a perspective interior view of a room in a house according to the invention,
Figure 7
a support pile for a pile foundation and
Figure 8
an access bridge according to the invention.

Eine Kreuzung 1 des Trag- oder Stützwerks eines erfindungsgemäßen Hauses ist in Figur 1 dargestellt. Sie weist eine untere Stütze 2 und eine obere Stütze 3, die längs aufgeschnitten gezeichnet ist, als vertikale Trägerelemente auf, schräg nach rechts hinten führt in der perspektivischen Darstellung ein Hauptträger 4, schräg nach links hinten weist ein Zwischenträger 5. Die beiden Trägerelemente 4, 5 dienen zum Aufbau einer Decke bzw. eines Bodens. Ein Kupplungsteil 6 mit durchgeführten Spannseilen 7 ist der besseren Anschauung halber seitlich versetzt gezeichnet und gehört zentral in der Kreuzung 1 angeordnet, wie durch vier Pfeile P angedeutet.An intersection 1 of the supporting structure of a house according to the invention is shown in FIG. It has a lower support 2 and an upper support 3, which is shown cut open lengthwise, as vertical support elements, a main support 4 leads obliquely to the right in the perspective view, an intermediate support 5 has an oblique to the left rear. The two support elements 4, 5 are used to build a ceiling or floor. For the sake of clarity, a coupling part 6 with tension cables 7 carried out is shown offset laterally and belongs centrally in the intersection 1, as indicated by four arrows P.

Der Hauptträger 4 weist ein hohles Doppel-T-Profil auf, wobei der obere Quersteg 8 schmaler ausgeführt ist als der untere Quersteg 9. Der untere Quersteg 9 dient zur Auflage von in dieser Figur nicht dargestellten Einlegeteilen. Die senkrechten gelochten Seitenwände 10 sind vergleichsweise dünnwandig und in die beiden Querstege 8, 9 eingelassen. Der Zwischenträger 5, dessen unterer Quersteg 11 gegenüber dem unteren Quersteg 9 des Hauptträgers 4 schmaler ausgeführt ist, weist an seiner Stirnseite eine Abstufung 12 auf. Der horizontale Teil dieser Abstufung 12 wird auf dem unteren Quersteg 9 des Hauptträgers 4 aufgelegt, so daß der untere Quersteg 11 des Zwischenträgers 5 bündig mit dem Quersteg 9 an dessen Unterseite abschließt. Die vertikalen Trägerelementen 2 und 3 weisen einen quadratischen Querschnitt auf. An ihren Stirnseiten sind Abschlußklötze 13 mit einer Bohrung 14 angebracht.The main carrier 4 has a hollow double-T profile, the upper crosspiece 8 being narrower than the lower crosspiece 9. The lower crosspiece 9 is used to support inserts, not shown in this figure. The vertical perforated side walls 10 are comparatively thin-walled and embedded in the two transverse webs 8, 9. The intermediate carrier 5, whose lower crosspiece 11 is made narrower than the lower crosspiece 9 of the main carrier 4, has a gradation 12 on its end face. The horizontal part of this gradation 12 is placed on the lower crosspiece 9 of the main support 4, so that the lower crosspiece 11 of the intermediate support 5 is flush with the crosspiece 9 on its underside. The vertical support elements 2 and 3 have a square cross section. End blocks 13 with a bore 14 are attached to their end faces.

In montiertem Zustand wird diese Bohrung 14, die sich in einer Bohrung 15 im oberen Quersteg 8 des Hauptträgers 4 fortsetzt von einem Rohransatz 16 des Kopplungsteils 6 durchsetzt. Das Kopplungsteil 6 weist mehrere solcher Rohransätze auf, die in die jeweiligen Stirnseiten der zugehörigen Trägerelemente eingreifen. Die Zugseile 7 verlaufen innerhalb der hohlen Trägerelemente und dienen dazu, diese zu verspannen. Die Löcher 17 in den Seitenwänden der Trägerelemente dienen zur Verbindung der Innenräume der Trägerelemente 2 bis 5 mit den Innenräumen von in dieser Figur nicht dargestellten Einlegeteilen zum Verlegen von Installationseinrichtungen.In the assembled state, this bore 14, which continues in a bore 15 in the upper crosspiece 8 of the main support 4, is penetrated by a tubular extension 16 of the coupling part 6. The coupling part 6 has a plurality of such tube attachments which engage in the respective end faces of the associated support elements. The pull cables 7 run within the hollow support elements and serve to brace them. The holes 17 in the side walls of the support elements serve to connect the interiors of the support elements 2 to 5 with the interiors of inserts, not shown in this figure, for laying installation devices.

Ein Wandeinlegeteil 18 gemäß Figur 2 wird durch mehrere Längsstege 19 stabilisiert. An den Ecken weist das Einlegeteil 18 Verbindungsklötze 20 auf. Nach oben hin ist das Einlegeteil 18 innerhalb zweier Eckleisten 21, 22 offen. Die Längsseiten 23 sind ebenso wie Längsstege 19 mit Löchern 24 gelocht. An der Innenwandseite 25, die durch eine dünne, in der Darstellung teilweise aufgeschnittene Auflage 26 beispielsweise aus Sperrholz gebildet wird, sind verschiedene weitere Öffnungen angebracht. Eine große rechteckige Installationsöffnung 27 ermöglicht eine gute Zugänglichkeit des Innenraums des Wandeinlegeteils 18 zur Verlegung von Installationseinrichtungen. An den Ecken sind in der Auflage 26 Ecköffnungen 28 vorgesehen, mittels derer eine nichtdargestellte Schraube durch eine Bohrung 29a in den Verbindungsklötzen 20 gesteckt und verschraubt werden kann. In montiertem Zustand befindet sich ein vertikales Träger- oder Zwischenelement 30 auf Stoß mit dem Einlegeteil 18. An seiner Stirnseite weist dieses Zwischenelement 30 einen Abschlußklotz 31 mit einer großen Bohrung 32 zur Aufnahme eines Rohransatzes 16 eines Kopplungsteils 6 und einer kleinen Bohrung 33 zur Aufnahme einer nicht dargestellten Schraube, die die Bohrung 29a des Verbindungsklotzes 20 des Einlegeteils 18 durchsetzt und die bei installiertem Kopplungsteil 6 an dessen Rohransatz 16 (s. Fig. 1) verschraubt werden kann.A wall insert 18 according to FIG. 2 is stabilized by a plurality of longitudinal webs 19. The insert 18 has connecting blocks 20 at the corners. The insert 18 is open at the top within two corner strips 21, 22. The longitudinal sides 23, like the longitudinal webs 19, are perforated with holes 24. On the inner wall side 25, which is marked by a thin In the illustration, partially cut-open support 26 is formed from plywood, for example, various other openings are made. A large rectangular installation opening 27 allows good access to the interior of the wall insert 18 for laying installation devices. At the corners 26 corner openings 28 are provided in the support, by means of which a screw, not shown, can be inserted and screwed through a hole 29a in the connecting blocks 20. In the assembled state, there is a vertical support or intermediate element 30 in abutment with the insert part 18. On its end face, this intermediate element 30 has an end block 31 with a large bore 32 for receiving a tubular extension 16 of a coupling part 6 and a small bore 33 for receiving a Screw, not shown, which passes through the bore 29a of the connecting block 20 of the insert 18 and which can be screwed to the pipe socket 16 (see FIG. 1) when the coupling part 6 is installed.

In den Eckleisten 21, 22 an der Oberseite und entsprechend an der Unterseite des Einlegeteils 18 sind vertikale Bohrungen 29b zur Aufnahme von nicht dargestellten Schrauben vorgesehen, mit denen das Einlegeteil an seiner Ober- und Unterseite mit einem daran anstoßenden Trägerelement 4 verschraubt werden kann.In the corner strips 21, 22 on the top and correspondingly on the underside of the insert 18, vertical bores 29b are provided for receiving screws, not shown, with which the insert can be screwed on its top and bottom to a support element 4 abutting it.

Das Deckeneinlegeteil 34 gemäß Figur 3 weist einen etwas anderen Grundriß als das Wandeinlegeteil 18 auf, ist jedoch grundsätzlich gleich aufgebaut. Es liegt auf unteren Querstegen 9 von Hauptträgern 4 (s. Figur 1) auf, die in Figur 3 nur gestrichelt dargestellt sind. Der Zwischenträger 5 (s. auch Figur 1) ist der besseren Darstellung wegen etwas vom Deckeneinlegeteil 34 abgesetzt, stößt jedoch in fertig montierten Zustand an dieses an. In dieser Darstellung ist durch die gestrichelten Linien, die Hauptträger 4 und Zwischenträger 5 (Figur 1) andeuten, die Struktur einer Decke bzw. eines Bodens eines erfindungsgemäßen Hauses veranschaulicht. Durch die Löcher 17 des Zwischenträgers 5 und den Löchern 35 des Deckeneinlegeteils 34 an deren Randseiten, die mit anderen Bauelementen auf Stoß gebracht werden ist eine im wesentlichen hohle Decken- bzw. Wandkonstruktion (s. Figur 2) gegeben, in denen in nahezu beliebiger Weise Installationseinrichtungen verlegt werden können. Auch einer Wärme- oder Schalldämmung sind die Hohlräume der sich so ergebenden Decken und Wände als ganzes zugänglich.The ceiling insert 34 according to Figure 3 has a slightly different plan than the wall insert 18, but is basically the same. It lies on lower crosspieces 9 of main beams 4 (see FIG. 1), which are only shown in broken lines in FIG. The intermediate support 5 (see also FIG. 1) is somewhat offset from the ceiling insert 34 for better illustration, but butts against it in the fully assembled state. In this illustration, the main carrier 4 and Intermediate beams 5 (Figure 1) indicate the structure of a ceiling or a floor of a house according to the invention illustrated. Through the holes 17 of the intermediate support 5 and the holes 35 of the ceiling insert 34 on the edges thereof, which are brought into contact with other components, there is an essentially hollow ceiling or wall construction (see FIG. 2), in which in almost any way Installation facilities can be relocated. The cavities of the resulting ceilings and walls as a whole are also accessible to thermal or acoustic insulation.

Das Hausdach 36 gemäß Figur 4 ist ebenfalls aus Träger und Einlegeelementen zusammengesetzt. Im schematischen Querschnitt gemäß Figur 4 sind ein Dachgeschoß 37 sowie ein Speicher 38 eines erfindungsgemäßen Hauses aus entsprechenden Trägerelementen 2 bis 5 aufgebaut. Zum Aufbau des Dachgiebels werden nun an den äußersten Hauptträgern 39, die in der Darstellung von Fig. 6 senkrecht zur Papierebene stehen des Dachgeschoßbodens 40 Winkelträger 41 eingehängt. Diese Winkelträger 41 weisen in sich einen eingeschlossenen Winkel α von 45° auf. Der Winkelträger 41 weist einen unteren, langen Schenkel 42, der zum Dachgeschoßboden 40 gehört und einen kurzen zur Dachschräge gehörenden Schenkel 43 auf. Der Dachaufbau wird durch einen Dachträger 44 in Fortsetzung zum kurzen Schenkel 43 des Winkelträgers 41 fortgesetzt. Er weist eine Stützvorrichtung 45 zur Abstützung an einer Dachstütze 46 auf. Auf Höhe der Decke 47 des Dachgeschosses 37, die den Boden des Speichers 38 bildet befindet sich ein weiterer Winkelträger 48, dessen Schenkel 49, 50 insgesamt kürzer sind als die des Winkelträgers 41, der aber ansonsten ähnlich wie der Winkelträger 41 aufgebaut ist. Der Aufbau setzt sich auf dieser Weise bis zum Giebelträger 51 fort. Senkrecht zur Papierebene gehen von den genannten Trageelemente 41, 48, 51 Längsträger in Firstrichtung des Hauses ab. In die so geschaffenen Gefachteilungen werden wiederum Einlegeteile ähnlich der Deckeneinlegeteile 34 gemäß Figur 3 eingelegt. Im Anschluß daran wird ein Dachbelag 52 der je nach Wunsch aus beliebigen Dachplatten bestehen kann aufgelegt. Vorzugsweise werden die Dachplatten zur einfacheren Montage mittels Klettverschluß befestigt.The house roof 36 according to FIG. 4 is also composed of supports and insert elements. In the schematic cross section according to FIG. 4, an attic 37 and a store 38 of a house according to the invention are constructed from corresponding support elements 2 to 5. To build up the roof gable, 40 top brackets 41 are hooked onto the outermost main girders 39, which are perpendicular to the paper plane in the representation of FIG. 6. These angle brackets 41 have an included angle α of 45 °. The angle bracket 41 has a lower, long leg 42 which belongs to the attic floor 40 and a short leg 43 belonging to the sloping roof. The roof structure is continued by a roof rack 44 in continuation to the short leg 43 of the angle bracket 41. It has a support device 45 for support on a roof support 46. At the level of the ceiling 47 of the attic 37, which forms the floor of the store 38, there is a further angle bracket 48, the legs 49, 50 of which are shorter overall than those of the angle bracket 41, but which is otherwise similar to the angle bracket 41. The construction continues in this way up to the gable carrier 51. Perpendicular to the paper plane go from the above-mentioned support members 41, 48, 51 longitudinal beams in the ridge direction of the house. In the so created Compartmental divisions are in turn inserted inserts similar to the ceiling inserts 34 according to FIG. 3. Subsequently, a roof covering 52 is placed which can consist of any roof panels as desired. The roof panels are preferably fastened by means of a Velcro fastener for easier assembly.

Das Innenleben eines Winkelträgers 41 ist in der Ausschnittsvergrößerung gemäß Figur 5 verdeutlicht. Ein Rohrkreuzungsstück 53 ist in den Winkelträger 41 eingeleimt. Zwei Rohre 54 stehen unter dem Winkel α der Dachschräge (s. Fig. 4) zueinander, während ein drittes Rohr 55 senkrecht zu diesen in der Richtung des Dachfirstes steht. Durch diese Rohrkreuzung 53 hindurch führen nun die Spannseile 56 und 57, die über Klemmnippel 58 in den Rohren festgeklemmt sind. Insbesondere über die nach oben laufenden Spannseile 57 und die waagerecht verlaufenden Spannseile 56 wird der Winkelträger 41 in seiner Position fixiert. Eine Führungshülse 59, die zur Ausrichtung des Dachträgers 44 in der geraden Verlängerung des kurzen Schenkels 43 des Winkelträgers 41 dient, befindet sich zunächst im Dachträger 44 und wird nach dem Aufsetzen des Dachträgers 44 mit seiner Stirnseite auf den Winkelträger 41 in diesen hineingeschoben.The interior of an angle bracket 41 is illustrated in the enlarged detail according to FIG. 5. A pipe crossing piece 53 is glued into the angle bracket 41. Two pipes 54 are at an angle α of the roof slope (see FIG. 4) to each other, while a third pipe 55 is perpendicular to them in the direction of the roof ridge. The tensioning cables 56 and 57, which are clamped in the tubes via clamping nipples 58, now run through this tube crossing 53. In particular, the angular support 41 is fixed in its position by means of the tensioning cables 57 running upwards and the tensioning cables 56 running horizontally. A guide sleeve 59, which is used to align the roof rack 44 in the straight extension of the short leg 43 of the angle bracket 41, is initially in the roof rack 44 and is pushed with its end face onto the angle bracket 41 after the roof rack 44 has been placed on it.

In der Darstellung nach Figur 6 ist ein Innenraum eines erfindungsgemäßen Hauses zu sehen. Die Decken- bzw. Bodenstruktur ergibt sich aus der Anordnung der Hauptträger 4 der Zwischenträger 5 und der Einlegeteile 34, die Struktur der Seitenwand aus den Stützen oder Zwischenteilen 3 und den Wandeinlegeteilen 18, die in diesem Fall mit Fenstern 60 und mit einer Balkontür 61 versehen sind. Ein Balkon läßt sich im übrigen auf einfache Weise durch Verwendung überstehender Hauptträger 4 an einem derartigen Haus anbringen.An interior of a house according to the invention can be seen in the illustration according to FIG. The ceiling or floor structure results from the arrangement of the main beams 4, the intermediate beams 5 and the insert parts 34, the structure of the side wall from the supports or intermediate parts 3 and the wall insert parts 18, which in this case are provided with windows 60 and with a balcony door 61 are. A balcony can be attached to such a house in a simple manner by using protruding main beams 4.

Der Aufbau des Fundaments geschieht über Stützpfähle 62 wie in Figur 7 dargestellt. Der Stützpfahl 62 weist einen Stempelfuß 63 auf, der von einem Betonmantel 64 umgeben ist. Am Stempelfuß 63 ist ein Stützrohr 65 mit Innengewinde 66 verschweißt. In das Stützrohr 65 ist eine Stützstange 67 mit Außengewinde 66' eingeschraubt. Auf dem Außengewinde 66' der Stützstange 67 sind zwei Kontermuttern 68, 69 angebracht. Der Kopf 70 des Stützpfahls 62 ist mit einem Auflageprofil 71 für die Auflage eines Hauptträgers 4 versehen. Ein Gummiklotz 72 liegt als Feder- und/oder Dämpfungselement auf einem unteren Auflageprofil 73 auf. Der Gummiklotz 72 ist an der Stützstange 67 über eine Haltescheibe 74 verankert. Die Haltescheibe 74 ist in der Stützstange 67 über eine Distanzhülse 75 und eine Schraube 76 frei drehbar befestigt. Die Schraube 76 wird hierzu nicht stramm angezogen, sondern über einen Sicherungsstift 77 fixiert. Zwei Bohrungen 78 in der Stützstange 67 sind zum Einführen von nicht dargestellten Querstäben vorgesehen, mit denen die Stützstange 67 im Stützrohr 65 gedreht werden kann. Das Auflageprofil 71 wird von einem Spannrohr 79 durchsetzt, das über einen Fußanker 80 im Gummiklotz 72 verankert ist. Das Spannrohr 79 durchsetzt gleichermaßen die Querstege 8 bzw. 9 des Hauptträgers 4. Mittels zweier Klemmschrauben 81 wird ein Spannseil 7 im Spannrohr 79 verklemmt.The foundation is built up via support piles 62 as shown in FIG. The support pole 62 has one Stamping foot 63, which is surrounded by a concrete jacket 64. A support tube 65 with an internal thread 66 is welded to the stamping foot 63. A support rod 67 with an external thread 66 'is screwed into the support tube 65. On the external thread 66 'of the support rod 67, two lock nuts 68, 69 are attached. The head 70 of the support pole 62 is provided with a support profile 71 for supporting a main beam 4. A rubber block 72 rests on a lower support profile 73 as a spring and / or damping element. The rubber block 72 is anchored to the support rod 67 via a retaining washer 74. The holding disc 74 is fastened in the support rod 67 via a spacer sleeve 75 and a screw 76 so that it can rotate freely. For this purpose, the screw 76 is not tightened tightly, but is fixed via a locking pin 77. Two bores 78 in the support rod 67 are provided for the introduction of cross bars, not shown, with which the support rod 67 can be rotated in the support tube 65. The support profile 71 is penetrated by a tension tube 79, which is anchored in the rubber block 72 via a foot anchor 80. The tensioning tube 79 equally penetrates the crossbars 8 and 9 of the main carrier 4. A tensioning cable 7 is clamped in the tensioning tube 79 by means of two clamping screws 81.

Der beschriebene Stützpfahl 62 dient nicht nur als höhenverstellbare Fundamentstütze, sondern gleichzeitig durch die feste Verankerung der Stützstange 67 über den Gummiklotz 72 zum Spannseil 7 als Erdanker für das darauf aufgebaute Haus. Durch den Gummiklotz 72 ist der Stützpfahl 62 in der Lage, evtl. auftretende Erdstöße abzufangen.The described support pole 62 serves not only as a height-adjustable foundation support, but at the same time due to the firm anchoring of the support rod 67 via the rubber block 72 to the tension cable 7 as an anchor for the house built thereon. Due to the rubber block 72, the support post 62 is able to absorb any earthquakes that may occur.

Der Zugang zu einem erfindungsgemäßen Haus oder zu mehreren Häusern in einem Wohnkomplex sowie dazugehörigen Gemeinschaftseinrichtungen sollte über Verbindungsstege 82 gemäß Figur 8 realisiert werden. Ein derartiger Verbindungssteg 82 wird wiederum an entsprechenden Stützpfählen 83 aufgehängt. Querprofile 84 mit seitlichen Befestigungselementen 85 dienen als Auflage für seitliche Gitterroste 86 sowie die Mittelauflagen 87. Die Mittelauflage 87 wird lose aufgelegt und dient als Deckel, der gestrichelt in geöffneter Stellung 87' eingezeichnet ist, für einen rundum verkleideten Installationsschacht 88. In diesem Installationsschacht 88 sind verschiedene Leitungen 89 und Rohrverbindungen 90 verlegt. Ein Handlauf 91 vervollständigt den Verbindungssteg 82.Access to a house according to the invention or to several houses in a residential complex and associated community facilities should be realized via connecting webs 82 according to FIG. 8. Such a connecting web 82 is in turn suspended from corresponding support posts 83. Cross profiles 84 with side Fastening elements 85 serve as a support for side gratings 86 and the central supports 87. The central support 87 is placed loosely and serves as a cover, which is shown in broken lines in the open position 87 ', for an all-round clad installation shaft 88. In this installation shaft 88 there are various lines 89 and pipe connections 90. A handrail 91 completes the connecting web 82.

Ein derartiger Verbindungssteg 82 beeinträchtigt kaum die Natur des ihn umgebenden Baugrundes. Grabungsarbeiten sind allenfalls sehr lokalisiert zum Einsetzen der Stützpfähle 83 notwendig. Nachträglich Installationen können problemlos in den Installationsschacht 88 eingelegt werden und sind jederzeit über die als Deckel fungierende Mittelauflage 87 zugänglich. Um ein Einfrieren von Wasserleitungen zu kalten Jahreszeiten zu vermeiden, kann der Installationsschacht 88 thermisch isoliert und beheizt werden. Eine bereits oben erwähnte Anordnung aus verschiedenen Wassertanks und einer Steuereinrichtung zum schubweisen Transport von Ab- bzw. Frischwasser ist hier von besonderem Vorteil. Da alle zum erfindungsgemäßen Ausbau benötigten Bauelemente in Ultra-Leichtbauweise verwirklicht sind, kann der Transport der Bauelemente zur Baustelle problemlos über zuvor verlegte Verbindungsstege 82 erfolgen. Auf diese Weise sind nicht nur fertig errichtete Häuser gemäß der Erfindung, sondern bereits der Aufbau dieser Häuser besonders naturschonend. Derartige Häuser oder Wohnkomplexe können, ohne sichtbare Spuren zu hinterlassen, jederzeit entfernt und an anderer Stelle aufgebaut werden. Nicht zuletzt entfällt dadurch auch die große Menge von Bauschutt, die beim Abriß herkömmlicher Gebäude anfällt.

1
Kreuzung
2
Stütze
3
Stütze
4
Hauptträger
5
Zwischenträger
6
Kopplungsteil
7
Spannseile
8
oberer Quersteg
9
unterer Quersteg
10
Seitenwand
11
unterer Quersteg
12
Abstufung
13
Abschlußklotz
14
Bohrung
15
Bohrung
16
Rohransatz
17
Loch
18
Wandeinlegeteil
19
Längssteg
20
Verbindungsklotz
21
Eckleiste
22
Eckleiste
23
Längsseite
24
Loch
25
Innenwandseite
26
Auflage
27
Installationsöffnung
28
Ecköffnungen
29a
Bohrung
29b
Bohrung
30
Zwischenelement
31
Abschlußklotz
32
große Bohrung
33
kleine Bohrung
34
Deckeneinlegeteil
35
Loch
36
Hausdach
37
Dachgeschoß
38
Speicher
39
Hauptträger
40
Dachgeschoßboden
41
Winkelträger
42
langer Schenkel
43
kurzer Schenkel
44
Dachträger
45
Stützvorrichtung
46
Dachstütze
47
Decke
48
Winkelträger
49
Schenkel
50
Schenkel
51
Giebelträger
52
Dachbelag
53
Rohrkreuzungsstück
54
Rohr
55
Rohr
56
Spannseile
57
Spannseile
58
Klemmnippel
59
Führungshülse
60
Fenster
61
Balkontür
62
Stützpfahl
63
Stempelfuß
64
Betonmantel
65
Stützrohr
66
Innengewinde
66'
Außengewinde
67
Stützstange
68
Kontermutter
69
Kontermutter
70
Kopf
71
Auflageprofil
72
Gummiklotz
73
unteres Auflageprofil
74
Haltescheibe
75
Distanzhülse
76
Schraube
77
Sicherungsstift
78
Bohrungen
79
Spannrohr
80
Fußanker
81
Klemmschraube
82
Verbindungssteg
83
Stützpfahl
84
Querprofil
85
Befestigungselement
86
Gitterrost
87
Mittelauflage
88
Installationsschacht
89
Leitung
90
Rohrverbindung
91
Handlauf
Such a connecting web 82 hardly affects the nature of the building ground surrounding it. Excavation work is at best very localized to insert the support piles 83. Subsequent installations can be easily inserted into the installation shaft 88 and are accessible at any time via the central support 87, which acts as a cover. In order to avoid freezing water pipes in cold seasons, the installation shaft 88 can be thermally insulated and heated. An arrangement of various water tanks and a control device for the batchwise transport of wastewater or fresh water already mentioned above is of particular advantage here. Since all components required for the expansion according to the invention are realized in ultra-lightweight construction, the components can be transported to the construction site without any problems via connecting webs 82 which have been laid beforehand. In this way, not only are ready-built houses according to the invention, but already the construction of these houses is particularly environmentally friendly. Such houses or residential complexes can be removed at any time and set up elsewhere without leaving any visible traces. Last but not least, this also eliminates the large amount of rubble that arises when conventional buildings are demolished.
1
crossing
2nd
support
3rd
support
4th
Main beam
5
Intermediate beam
6
Coupling part
7
Tension ropes
8th
upper crossbar
9
lower crossbar
10th
Side wall
11
lower crossbar
12th
gradation
13
Terminal block
14
drilling
15
drilling
16
Pipe neck
17th
hole
18th
Wall insert
19th
Longitudinal web
20th
Connecting block
21
Corner molding
22
Corner molding
23
Long side
24th
hole
25th
Inner wall side
26
Edition
27
Installation opening
28
Corner openings
29a
drilling
29b
drilling
30th
Intermediate element
31
Terminal block
32
large bore
33
small hole
34
Ceiling insert
35
hole
36
House roof
37
Attic
38
Storage
39
Main beam
40
Attic floor
41
Angle bracket
42
long leg
43
short leg
44
roof rack
45
Support device
46
Roof support
47
ceiling
48
Angle bracket
49
leg
50
leg
51
Pediment
52
Roofing
53
Pipe crossing piece
54
pipe
55
pipe
56
Tension ropes
57
Tension ropes
58
Clamping nipple
59
Guide sleeve
60
window
61
balcony door
62
Support post
63
Stamping foot
64
Concrete jacket
65
Support tube
66
inner thread
66 '
External thread
67
Support rod
68
Lock nut
69
Lock nut
70
head
71
Overlay profile
72
Rubber block
73
lower support profile
74
Holding disc
75
Spacer sleeve
76
screw
77
Locking pin
78
Holes
79
Tension tube
80
Foot anchor
81
Clamping screw
82
Connecting bridge
83
Support post
84
Cross section
85
Fastener
86
Grating
87
Middle pad
88
Installation shaft
89
management
90
Pipe connection
91
Handrail

Claims (26)

  1. House composed of fabricated elements, which comprises a carrying and support structure consisting of horizontal carrying elements (4, 5) and vertical carrying elements (2, 3) as well as floors, ceilings and walls consisting of floor insertion elements (34) and wall insertion elements (18), the carrying elements (2, 3, 4, 5) being essentially hollow and being provided on their abutting sides (10) with through-holes, characterised in that the insertion elements (34, 18) forming the walls are also essentially hollow and all the components (2, 3, 4, 5, 18, 34) are provided on their sides abutting one against the other with through-holes (17, 24, 35), so that an essentially continuous cavity is formed within all the components (2, 3, 4, 5, 18, 34), in which house installations and non-hardening insulating material is located.
  2. House according to Claim 1, characterised in that provided inside the carrying elements (4, 5) and/or insertion elements (18, 23) are perforated stiffening ribs (19).
  3. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that tensioning wires (7, 56, 57) or rods for stabilising and/or anchoring the house are disposed within the carrying elements (4, 5) and/or the insertion elements (18, 34).
  4. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that a tensioning device is provided for tightening the tensioning wires (7, 56, 57).
  5. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the tensioning device comprises spring members for automatic tightening.
  6. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the house roof (36) likewise comprises essentially hollow carrying elements (41, 44, 48, 51) and insertion elements.
  7. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that inspection or working openings (27) are present in the insertion elements (18, 34) and/or carrying elements (2 to 5).
  8. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the horizontal carrying elements (4) carrying the ceilings or floors are constructed as a hollow double T-section.
  9. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that roof panels are attached by means of a cleat fastener to the roof construction (36) comprising carrying elements (41, 44, 48, 51) and insertion elements.
  10. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that cladding members are fastened to the outer wall, such as shingle or the like, by means of a cleat fastener.
  11. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the structural elements (2 to 5, 18, 34) are made of wood or composite material.
  12. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the structural elements are made from plaster cast with fibrous material.
  13. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that at least in the abutting structural elements forming the outer wall, in their abutting edge region, on the abutment side, a groove is provided for receiving a seal consisting of an elastomer or the like.
  14. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the groove is constructed so that in the case of two structural elements placed in abutment, an inwardly closed gap with a cross-sectional taper towards the outside results.
  15. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the carrying elements (2 to 5) are connected by way of coupling members (6).
  16. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the coupling members (6) comprise a hollow core with lateral sockets (16) for the carrying elements (2 to 5) to be connected.
  17. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that on their end face, the carrying elements (2, 3) comprise a terminal block (13) with a bore for receiving the socket (16) of the coupling member (6).
  18. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the insertion elements (18) comprise lateral connecting blocks (20).
  19. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the house stands by its lowermost carrying elements (4) on a pile work foundation.
  20. House according to Claim 19, characterised in that the pile work foundation comprises a pile (62), which has a foot (63, 64) with enlarged cross-section for anchorage in the ground, an elongated support part (65, 66) and a head (70) for supporting carrying elements (4).
  21. House according to Claim 20, characterised in that the elongated support part (65, 66) comprises a device for vertical adjustment (67, 67').
  22. House according to Claim 20 or 21, characterised in that the pile (62) comprises a spring and/or damping element (72).
  23. House according to one of Claims 20 to 22, characterised in that the head (70) comprises a holding device (79) for mounting tensioning wires (7) or rods.
  24. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that a walkway (82) is provided, by way of which the house is accessible, at least one duct (88) for installations (89, 90) (power, water, communications etc.) being provided in the walkway (82).
  25. House according to Claim 24, characterised in that the duct (88) is accessible by way of a cover (87) on the upper side of the walkway (82).
  26. House according to one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that a control device and water reservoir are provided for the gradual supply or discharge of fresh or waste water.
EP94906823A 1993-02-02 1994-02-01 House composed of fabricated elements Expired - Lifetime EP0682730B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4302871A DE4302871A1 (en) 1993-02-02 1993-02-02 Prefabricated house
DE4302871 1993-02-02
PCT/DE1994/000092 WO1994018406A2 (en) 1993-02-02 1994-02-01 House composed of fabricated elements

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0682730A1 EP0682730A1 (en) 1995-11-22
EP0682730B1 true EP0682730B1 (en) 1997-01-02

Family

ID=6479437

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94906823A Expired - Lifetime EP0682730B1 (en) 1993-02-02 1994-02-01 House composed of fabricated elements

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0682730B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE147116T1 (en)
AU (1) AU6035994A (en)
DE (2) DE4302871A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1994018406A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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MX9701403A (en) 1997-02-25 1998-02-28 Reinaldo Perez Rayon Stackable pre-manufactured residence module.
DE19720554C1 (en) * 1997-05-16 1998-12-10 Volker Gorgas Buildings with up to four floors, in particular for residential purposes, and processes for their construction
DE20303904U1 (en) 2003-03-12 2004-04-29 Schmidt, Hermann Kit for building a building
DE102012021898A1 (en) 2012-11-09 2014-05-15 Josef Aman Building, has stud system provided with wall structure that is connected with oriented carriers, where wall structure is assembled from supports that are provided with load-bearing layer, outer insulation layer and inner installation layer

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6035994A (en) 1994-08-29
EP0682730A1 (en) 1995-11-22
DE59401473D1 (en) 1997-02-13
DE4302871A1 (en) 1994-08-04
ATE147116T1 (en) 1997-01-15
WO1994018406A3 (en) 1994-11-10
WO1994018406A2 (en) 1994-08-18

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