EP0679318A1 - Ensemble antenne radio pour la bande d'ondes decimetriques monte sur vehicules - Google Patents

Ensemble antenne radio pour la bande d'ondes decimetriques monte sur vehicules

Info

Publication number
EP0679318A1
EP0679318A1 EP95900076A EP95900076A EP0679318A1 EP 0679318 A1 EP0679318 A1 EP 0679318A1 EP 95900076 A EP95900076 A EP 95900076A EP 95900076 A EP95900076 A EP 95900076A EP 0679318 A1 EP0679318 A1 EP 0679318A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
radio
arrangement according
antenna elements
antenna element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95900076A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0679318B1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Lindenmeier
Jochen Hopf
Leopold Reiter
Rainer Kronberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Hans Kolbe and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG, Hans Kolbe and Co filed Critical Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0679318A1 publication Critical patent/EP0679318A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0679318B1 publication Critical patent/EP0679318B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radio antenna arrangement for the decimeter wave range according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a radio antenna arrangement can advantageously be used, e.g. for the radio systems of mobile communication (car phone in the D or E network or for trunked radio systems).
  • Such antennas are known from daily radio practice and are usually rod-shaped antennas with the character of an electrical monopole or dipole and are either on the vehicle roof, on one of the fenders or, if no mounting hole is to be made in the vehicle body, also Applied in the upper region of the vehicle rear window, the antenna element then being attached to the outside of the glass window and frequently being fed capacitively through the glass window.
  • Such an antenna is known from the USA.
  • the radiation density with vertical polarization drops below a minimum required value.
  • the dimensions of the antenna elements should be as small as possible.
  • the shapes of the length ⁇ / 4 or less are particularly desirable because of their small dimensions.
  • the radiation coupling with the vehicle body which acts rotationally asymmetrically with respect to the antenna in the immediate vicinity, in combination with the inhomogeneities of the antennas Body shape (edges) or the material (transition from sheet metal to window) undesirable and sometimes no longer tolerable deformations of the horizontal diagram, in particular radiation compensations, which cause strong indentations in the horizontal diagram.
  • the antenna element When attaching the antenna element in the area of the rear of the vehicle, the radiation in the solid angle area to the front is often especially inadmissibly reduced. In addition, as the frequency increases, the diagram becomes distinct.
  • a reduction in the coupling to the vehicle body can be achieved by means of special antenna elements, the center of radiation of which is clearly distant from the body, which usually leads to very large installation heights.
  • This technology aims to generate small currents on the body surface in order to keep the rotationally asymmetrical radiation component as small as possible.
  • Very good degrees of decoupling from the body are often achieved by attaching antennas of length ⁇ / 2 via a feed line at a distance of several decimeters (often more than 50 cm) above the vehicle body, which results in a disadvantageously large overall height for the entire body arrangement results.
  • Such an antenna is known from US.
  • ⁇ / 2-long antenna elements When ⁇ / 2-long antenna elements are attached to the vehicle body - be it on the conductive body panel or on the rear window pane, the rotationally asymmetrical influence of the vehicle body is mitigated by the fact that only comparatively small currents flow on the antenna element in the vicinity of the body, i.e. at the feed point .
  • Such an antenna is known from published patent application OS 4007824.8.
  • Such antennas therefore necessarily have a length which is significantly greater than ⁇ / 4, namely ⁇ / 2 or longer, which, in addition to the often inadequate rotational symmetry of the radiation, also has a serious disadvantage in practice, e.g. due to increased wind noise.
  • shorter, essentially vertically polarized monopole antenna elements with a length of ⁇ / 4 or less carry strong currents in the feed point and, with regard to their radiation diagram, are dependent on their structure on an electrically conductive partial body area which has an azimuthal direction in all directions Distance of at least two wavelengths is largely flat and oriented horizontally. If this condition is not fulfilled because the antenna element is attached, for example, in the vicinity of a bend line of the body, that is to say in the vicinity of the edge of a partial area where this partial area of the vehicle body collides with another partial area with a different inclination, then the result is as described undesirable rotational asymmetry of the Radiation. Similar relationships result, for example, if the antenna element is attached in the vicinity of the boundary line of two partial surfaces made of different materials, such as, for example, body panel and window glass.
  • a uniformly curved conductive body surface e.g. in the rear area as a mounting surface leads to rotationally asymmetrical radiation properties, because the partial area surrounding the antenna element acts as a flat partial area with respect to the radiation only in a too small area, and this partial area is generally inclined with respect to the horizontal. In all these cases, the azimuthal omnidirectional characteristic of the antenna element is significantly disturbed by the surrounding vehicle body.
  • a preferred mounting point for antenna elements in terms of vehicle technology is, for example, in the center of the vehicle on the roof of the vehicle near the rear edge of the roof or at the upper edge of the rear window pane. In both cases, the antenna element is mounted on a partial surface of the body in such a way that the rotational symmetry of the radiation from the vehicle body is disturbed.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a radio antenna arrangement according to the preamble of claim 1, in which despite the existing radiation coupling to the vehicle body, the lowest flat radiation density occurring in the horizontal diagram is as large as possible.
  • the invention is therefore based on the idea of reducing or avoiding the disruptive influence of the vehicle body on the radiation with the aid of a group antenna arrangement designed for this vehicle body and for a given installation location.
  • a radiation characteristic is designed such that the roundness of the azimuth diagram is also set in the best possible way.
  • the group antenna is adapted to the vehicle body in such a way that the desired radiation properties of the arrangement of vehicle and antenna elements are obtained by superimposing the electromagnetic radiation generated by the usually strongly structured vehicle body and the antenna elements of the group.
  • the technology according to the invention in order to generate the suitable amplitude and phase relationships of the antenna currents, it is also possible to use further fed and / or radiation-excited antenna elements in addition to a fed antenna element.
  • the clear distance between adjacent antenna elements should not be chosen too large. Often you get with intervals of about a quarter length favorable conditions. Distances larger than one wavelength are unfavorable due to the jittering of the directional diagrams.
  • the antenna elements can either be fed in a simple manner via a common network with defined phase and amplitude relationships of the antenna currents, or the antenna elements can be excited by coordinating the radiator geometry, by reactivating the resistance and by selecting the distance, also by radiation, so that a group antenna with only a fed antenna element can be realized if all other antenna elements are radiation-excited. It is essential here that the setting of the phase and amplitude relationships forces the inclusion of the shape of the vehicle body.
  • the mode of operation of the invention can be illustrated using the example of three antenna elements, the azimuthal individual diagrams of which are shown in FIGS. 14a to 14c. Due to the influence of the vehicle body, the individual diagrams, in contrast to the diagram of the group antenna in FIG. 14d, are strongly direction-dependent.
  • the advantages that can be achieved with the invention can be realized for motor vehicles, in particular at frequencies above about 600 MHz, and above all consist in the possibility of enabling short and optically inconspicuous antennas at vehicle mounting points that are particularly favorable in terms of vehicle technology, that is to say optically with a high performance of the antenna system and to be able to implement an extremely attractive solution from a vehicle-specific point of view.
  • the near range determining the radiation properties is an im
  • Decimeter wave range of much smaller radio antenna elements by an order of magnitude smaller, so that the fine structure of the vehicle body and its nature in the immediate vicinity of the antenna element also have a significant influence on the radiation properties. This effect is more pronounced the higher the frequency. Due to the smallness of the wavelength in the decimeter wave range, the attachment according to the invention of a plurality of antenna elements coupled to one another to achieve the object of the invention is well possible in a relatively narrow area, which is small compared to the vehicle dimensions.
  • the use of a plurality of antenna elements allows for a specific generation of current distributions on the antenna elements for a given positioning of the group antenna on the vehicle that is suitable from a vehicle-specific point of view. elements of the group antenna according to amount and phase in such a way that including the radiation coupling with this vehicle body
  • the measures taken according to the invention do not prevent the undesired radiation of the vehicle body excited by radiation coupling.
  • a wave field is superimposed by the plurality of radiators, which in total results in radiation properties according to the object of the invention.
  • Fig. L inventive group antenna on the rear roof edge with a further antenna element 8 and a network 4 below the roof with concentrated blind elements.
  • Fig.2 Group antenna according to the invention on the rear roof edge with another
  • Fig.4 Group antenna according to the invention on the rear roof edge with a further antenna element 8 and antenna elements each with roof capacitances and
  • Fig. 6 Group antenna according to the invention in the area of the rear roof edge and the upper area of the rear window with a first antenna element 3 on the window and two further only radiation-excited antenna element 8 on the metal surface above the window and on the roof.
  • Fig. 7 Group antenna according to the invention on the vehicle window 1 with a further antenna element 8 and a network 4 with stripline circuits.
  • Fig. 8 Group antenna according to the invention on the vehicle window similar to Fig. 7, but with a screen 29 printed on the window to form a counterweight and to reduce the RF radiation in the passenger compartment.
  • Fig. 9 Group antenna according to the invention on the vehicle window, among others. with radial and ring-shaped wire-shaped conductors on the disc to form a transparent, larger ground surface
  • 10a Group antenna according to the invention on the vehicle window with a first antenna element 3, which projects approximately normally away from the window, and three further antenna elements 8 arranged in the window plane: sectional view.
  • Fig.10b Group antenna according to the invention as Fig.10a, but in a perspective view.
  • 11a sectional view of a group antenna according to the invention on the vehicle window with a first antenna element 3 lying in the window plane and two further antenna elements 8 arranged in the window plane.
  • FIG. 11b Group antenna according to the invention as in FIG. 11a, but in a perspective view.
  • Group antenna according to the invention completely mounted inside the vehicle, and with a wire-shaped first antenna element 3 and a further antenna element 8, each with roof capacitance, and a metallic cavity 31 open to the pane.
  • Group antenna according to the invention mounted completely inside the vehicle, and with a first antenna element 3 and a further antenna element 8, both mounted in the plane of the window, and with a metallic cavity 31.
  • Fig. 14 Measured directional diagrams with the three antenna elements and measured directional diagram of the optimized group antenna.
  • 1 shows the basic structure of a group antenna according to the invention with a first antenna element 3, which is mounted on the roof of the vehicle near the rear roof edge 10 in the center of the vehicle and is powered by an opening in the roof.
  • a further antenna element 8 is attached at a distance 9 in the direction of the rear roof edge, which is likewise fed in the same way through an opening in the roof.
  • antenna elements are radiation-coupled to one another and to the body.
  • the antenna connection point 6 is inside the vehicle, a network 4 conducts the high-frequency signal from the antenna connection point 6 to the two antenna elements.
  • the network 4 distributes the power via a low-loss feed network, which in the example in FIG. 1 is made up of concentrated low-loss dummy elements, the network 4 forming a further high-frequency coupling path between the two antenna elements in addition to radiation coupling through the field .
  • the first partial surface 11 which is homogeneous in terms of material and position in space, extends from the rear roof edge 10 to the front and to the side, in each case up to the other edges of the roof surface.
  • this partial area is not required for antennas according to the invention over such large areas. What is important for the electrical function is essentially the closer environment around the antenna elements in which the radio field is formed. In practice, this range is shown to be approximately two wavelengths in size. In FIG. 1, therefore, the distance between the first antenna element 3 is less than approximately two
  • the homogeneity of the partial surface 11 is not sufficient for antennas according to the invention and the radiation characteristic is consequently unsatisfactory.
  • the sheet metal surface which bends downwards at an angle 26 represents an adjoining further partial surface 12.
  • the two partial surfaces have in common the boundary line 13, which in this example is therefore also the rear roof edge 10.
  • the inhomogeneity of this area is further increased by the fact that the body part sloping downwards is short and merges into the rear window, which is made of non-high-frequency conductive material.
  • the circuit arrangement in the network 4 and the resulting impedance coupling of the first antenna element 3 to the further or the further antenna elements 8 can also consist of a stripline circuit (FIG. 2) or a combination of stripline circuits and concentrated blind elements.
  • a stripline circuit FIG. 2
  • Such circuits allow particularly advantageous and inexpensive the targeted setting of the required currents on the antenna elements 3 and 8 according to the amount and phase and the adaptation to the waves resistance of the feed cable.
  • Another and particularly great advantage of the stripline circuit is the precisely reproducible arrangement, which is particularly suitable for large-scale production of such antenna arrangements according to the invention.
  • the resulting radiation characteristic results with respect to the antenna connection point 6, taking into account the radiation coupling of the antenna elements and their feeding and the radiation coupling to the body of the vehicle.
  • the network 4 is thus designed so that there is a defined and fixed phase and amplitude relationship between the base point feed currents of the antenna elements 3 and 8.
  • the horizontal diagram of the antenna arrangement according to the invention is influenced in the desired advantageous manner via this defined phase and amplitude relationship and is improved compared to the radiation characteristics of each of the individual antennas.
  • FIG. 2 shows a similar arrangement with regard to the antenna elements.
  • the network 4 is attached to the top of the roof with the advantage that only a single breakthrough through the roof skin is required.
  • This arrangement lends itself particularly well to networks 4 which use stripline circuits, since these are very flat by design and can therefore be attached flat to the outside of the body.
  • Fig. 2 shows a vertical stripline circuit only for easier illustration.
  • As many breakthroughs through the sheet metal of the body are required as there are antenna elements 3 and 8 fed via the network, which is certainly a disadvantage from the vehicle-specific point of view.
  • installation in the interior is cheaper in that the functionality of the network only has to be ensured under the climatic conditions of the interior.
  • the network 4 can also be designed in accordance with FIG. 3a so that the coupling of the first antenna element 3 and the further antenna element (s) 8 takes place exclusively via field coupling between the radiators, that is to say due to the radiation coupling of the antenna elements 3 and 8.
  • the first antenna element 3 is connected to the antenna connection point 6 on the network 4 via a high-frequency line.
  • the radiation characteristic of the overall arrangement will essentially formed by the entirety of the radiation-coupled antenna elements 3 and 8, including the effect of the vehicle body.
  • each of the further antenna elements 8 with pure radiation coupling e.g. the length of the further antenna element 8 is chosen appropriately.
  • an antenna element 8 can advantageously be chosen to be approximately 1/4 wavelength long if it is connected to the body in a high-frequency conductive manner at its lower end. The phase position is then suitably set with the exact length around the ⁇ / 4 resonance. Shorter or longer further antenna elements 8 can also be used if the base point of the element is connected to a corresponding blind element (FIG. 3a). As is known, for antenna elements that are shorter than ⁇ / 4, an inductance at the base point is required; for longer antenna elements, a capacitance is correspondingly necessary.
  • At least one further antenna element 8, which is coupled to the first antenna element 3, can be a considerable one
  • each of the antenna elements 3 and 8 therefore exhibits undesirable deviations from the ideal radiation characteristic even in the case of group antennas according to the invention.
  • the individual diagrams of the individual antenna elements are not the same as each other, because the shading by the body and the coupling to it are not the same because of the different mounting points.
  • the radiation coupling between the antenna elements is essentially determined by their length and their distance from one another.
  • the desired improvement in the radiation characteristic in antennas according to the invention can therefore also be achieved by exclusive radiation coupling between the first antenna element 3 and further antenna elements 8.
  • the required high degree of coupling requires a not too large distance 9 between the individual radiators.
  • a value of approximately ⁇ / 4 can be set as the upper limit for this distance 9, the current on the antenna element 8 or, respectively, by suitable choice of the length of the antenna element 8 or antenna elements 8 and / or by connection to a blind element at the base point. can be set on the antenna elements 8 according to the prior art.
  • Figure 3a shows an example of this.
  • the network 4 then only serves to feed the first antenna element 3, for example to adapt to the characteristic impedance of the connecting cable 28 to the radio, which is connected to the antenna connection point 6.
  • a sufficiently low standing wave ratio is required at the antenna connection point 6 of the group antenna for the respective useful frequency band, as is known from RF interfaces of other radio systems.
  • the maximum distance between two antenna elements is therefore chosen to be no greater than about a free space wavelength, also in the interest of a simple design of the network 4.
  • phase and amplitude states of the electrical quantities on the antenna elements that are required to achieve the object of the invention are thus essentially dependent on their shape and position with respect to one another and on the radiation coupling to the conductive vehicle body.
  • antenna groups according to the invention for each vehicle, which each result in advantageous radiation properties by optimizing the network 4 specifically for this purpose.
  • the radiator shapes used for this can be freely selected within certain limits.
  • antenna elements with a capacitive roof load can be used and in the interest of further shortening e.g. can be connected with dummy elements, which are usually designed in the form of an extension coil (FIG. 4).
  • dummy elements which are usually designed in the form of an extension coil (FIG. 4).
  • the current assignments on the antenna elements can be influenced in a suitable manner.
  • the antenna elements, which are minimized in length by the use of a roof capacitance and an extension coil are accommodated under a plastic radome 32.
  • FIG. 4 also shows a particularly advantageous feed for the antenna connection point 6 via the feed line, which does not require a breakthrough through the roof skin.
  • a very thin coaxial cable or a flexible triplate strip line circuit is led through the area of the adhesive bead of the rear window and is thus sealed by the window adhesive.
  • the section with a small cross section should be as short as possible.
  • this section is relatively long since the radio antenna arrangement is arranged on the vehicle roof and therefore a comparatively long distance has to be bridged along the sheet metal part which is bent downwards.
  • 5 shows a more advantageous antenna arrangement according to the invention, in which the first antenna element 3 is attached to this inclined surface, which consequently forms the first partial surface 11, and approximately normal to it.
  • the other radiator 8 is only coupled by the radiation field and sits on the further partial surface 12, which is formed by the approximately horizontal surface of the roof.
  • the first antenna element 3 is attached in the upper region of the rear window and is capacitively fed in a known manner through the window through the network 4.
  • the first partial surface 11 here forms the pane, the inhomogeneity arises at the transition to the sheet metal of the body at the upper edge of the pane. If the sheet metal strip is wide above the pane up to the roof edge, which is usually approximately evenly but spatially arranged in the extension of the pane, there is a further partial area 12b corresponding to this sheet metal strip. The roof area then forms a further partial area 12a.
  • radio antenna arrangements according to the invention it is advisable for radio antenna arrangements according to the invention to have a further antenna element 8b on the further partial surface 12b, e.g. essentially normal to her to attach. In this way, the distance between two antenna elements 8 is approximately halved, with the advantage of a significantly increased coupling.
  • the shading to the front which is provided when the first radiator 3 is only present, can be significantly reduced according to the invention by this chain of two further antenna elements 8. Further embodiments of radio antenna arrangements according to the invention result if all antenna elements are mounted on or in the vehicle window, as shown in FIGS. 9 to 13.
  • the disc 1 is inclined at an angle 26 to the horizontal. In today's vehicles, this angle is between approximately 10 degrees (sports cars) and approximately 80 degrees (station wagons). At not too large angles 26, despite the inclination of the disc and also at normal to
  • Antenna elements mounted on the pane surface (examples of FIGS. 7 and 8), the preferably radiated polarization vertically, since the essentially horizontally oriented sheet metal surfaces of the vehicle, namely the roof and the trunk lid, guide the shaft in such a way that essentially a vertical electrical field component runs towards the far field.
  • the alignment of the E vector is therefore not necessarily identical to that
  • FIG. 7 shows an antenna arrangement according to the invention, in which the first antenna element 3 and one or more further antenna elements 8 are attached to the vehicle window 1.
  • the antenna elements are all arranged substantially normal to the surface of the pane and are fed through the pane from below.
  • the network 4 is attached inside the pane.
  • the inhomogeneity of the first partial surface 11, which represents the window surface, is given by its upper edge and the transition to the metallic body.
  • the connection between the antenna elements 3 and 8 and the network 4 takes place via a hole through the glass.
  • capacitive coupling through the disk is also possible, as is shown in FIG. 8 for another antenna arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 A similar antenna arrangement according to the invention is shown in FIG. 8, in which the network 4 is mounted on the outside of the pane.
  • the coupling of the high-frequency signal through the disk takes place in this example only at a single point and therefore particularly simply and advantageously capacitively, the antenna connection point 6 is given by the inner coupling surface and by the surrounding mass.
  • the capacitive connection can be included in the network 4 in a technologically cost-effective manner if it is constructed as a stripline circuit.
  • Antenna arrangements as shown in FIG. 7 have the disadvantage that some of the field lines that begin on the antenna elements run through the interior of the vehicle and lead to undesired high field strengths there. At the same time, this results in an increased inhomogeneity for the first partial surface 11 and an increased asymmetry, which results in an increased shadowing of the radiation to the front.
  • a temporally invariant antenna counterweight is furthermore advantageous for the antenna array according to the invention for each antenna element.
  • This can be designed as a high-frequency conductive surface 29 on the window pane, as shown in FIG.
  • it is advantageously designed as a radiation-shaped structure which consists of wire-shaped conductors radially extending from the network 4 (FIG. 9).
  • the network 4 itself is advantageously equipped with a conductive outer surface, which in the center of the group antenna is part of the antenna. forms a counterweight for the antenna elements.
  • the radiating conductors 20 are connected to this conductive outer surface at a high frequency. These beams can be supplemented by a ring 20 attached around the group antenna to a high-frequency conductive mesh network (Fig.
  • the formation of the antenna counterweight 29 as a high-frequency conductive surface has a very advantageous shielding effect against electromagnetic fields which otherwise penetrate into the passenger compartment.
  • the requirement for a defined antenna counterweight can thus advantageously be combined with the requirement for a field weakening of the hazardous electromagnetic radiation.
  • the heating field can also be designed as a high-frequency, largely shielding surface and act as an extended antenna counterweight.
  • a direct current-impermeable, frequency-selective connection in the wire-shaped conductors is advantageous.
  • Such frequency-selective connections are also necessary if parts of the antenna counterweight are used as antenna parts for other radio services, which are also attached to the window pane.
  • antennas which e.g. act as an AM-FM antenna.
  • Capacitive structures are mainly used as frequency-selective connecting elements.
  • a coplanar line structure of approximately ⁇ / 4 length for the radio frequency is also very advantageous.
  • FIG. 10a and b show an antenna arrangement according to the invention, in which the first antenna element 3 is oriented essentially normal to the pane surface.
  • the further antenna elements 8 are arranged in the plane of the disk and e.g. printed on the inside.
  • FIG. 10 a shows this arrangement as a section
  • FIG. 10 b shows a perspective view.
  • 1 a and b show an antenna arrangement according to the invention (FIG. 1 a as a section,
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 Further and particularly advantageous embodiments of antenna arrangements according to the invention are shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. The advantage of these arrangements results from the fact thing that no components of the radio antenna arrangement are arranged on the outside of the vehicle body.
  • a metallic cavity 31 is used, which is open towards the pane and which serves as a ground plane and as a rear shield for the antenna elements 3 and 8, respectively.
  • the antenna elements 3 and 8 are oriented essentially normal to the pane surface and normal to the rear of the cavity 31 and are fed by the network 4, which is advantageously attached to the rear of the cavity 31 facing the pane .
  • the distance between the back of the cavity and the pane should be chosen as small as possible in the interest of a low construction height. Therefore, with such an antenna arrangement according to the invention, antenna elements with roof capacitance and extension coil are advantageously used, with which the length of the antenna elements can be made as short as possible.
  • Fig. 13 shows a similar arrangement, in which all antenna elements 3 and 8 are arranged in the plane of the disc.
  • FIGS. 14a to 14d The effect achieved with the invention is shown impressively in Figures 14a to 14d.
  • the radiation properties of three antenna elements on the rear window of a sedan are shown in a triangular arrangement near the upper window edge.
  • each of the diagrams has strong intolerable indentations or shading areas.
  • the antenna elements used are each rotationally symmetrical, slender elements that are normally mounted to the window surface, the non-roundness of the diagrams results as a result of the radiation coupling to the conductive vehicle body.
  • the directional diagram shown in FIG. 14d is achieved by connecting a suitable network 4, which feeds the antenna elements in the correct phase and amplitude and whose characteristics have been calculated by using mathematical optimization methods specifically for the antenna elements measured on the specific vehicle , which has much lower indents. If a group antenna according to the invention is intended for several radio systems, e.g. the D-
  • the antenna elements can be designed so that they are functional in both frequency ranges. If the network 4 is designed in such a way that it ensures the required phase and amplitude conditions for the individual radiators in the two frequency ranges, the group antenna can be used in both frequency ranges. Another possibility is to use at least partially separate antenna elements for both frequency ranges.
  • a certain amount of measurement is necessary to determine the antenna properties of the radiators on the vehicle. This is done by assigning a connection gate 27 to each antenna element at a defined interface. The wave parameters of this antenna element network can be determined with the aid of modern network analyzers.
  • connection gates 27 when a wave comes in from a certain direction, the excitations at the connection gates 27 can be measured in terms of magnitude and phase. With knowledge of the properties of the radiator network and its excitation by the incident wave at the various connection gates 27, a network 4 which is optimal for this can be designed with the aid of modern computer systems using suitable optimization strategies.
  • the radio antenna should always work according to the object of the invention.
  • antenna diversity operation is generally preferable due to the Rayleigh scattering of the received waves.
  • the network 4 can be designed so that with the help of switching diodes different signal combinations of the
  • Beam received individual signals are formed at the antenna connection point 6.
  • the switching diodes can be controlled in such a way that the signal combination appears at every moment at the antenna connection point, which effects the best possible reception.
  • the design of the radio antenna as a group antenna thus offers the advantage of being usable simultaneously as a diversity antenna.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ensemble antenne radio monté sur un véhicule, pour communications radio avec des stations terrestres dans la bande d'ondes décimétriques. Un premier élément antenne du type unipolaire ou doublet, présentant une composante de polarisation essentiellement verticale, est monté sur une première surface en un matériau sensiblement homogène de la carrosserie d'un véhicule. Ses propriétés omnidirectionnelles azimutales sont sensiblement perturbées par l'environnement que constitue la carrosserie. En plus du premier élément antenne (3), il est prévu au moins un autre élément antenne (8) du type unipolaire ou doublet. Chaque autre élément antenne est monté soit sur la première surface (11), soit sur une autre surface (12), les éléments antenne formant un ensemble antenne par rapport au point de raccordement d'antennes (6). Au moins un élément antenne est alimenté directement, l'autre, ou les autres, étant alimentés soit directement, soit indirectement (passifs). L'écartement (9) entre deux éléments antennes adjacents est choisi de façon qu'il soit inférieur à une longueur d'onde en espace libre.
EP95900076A 1993-11-16 1994-11-11 Ensemble antenne radio pour la bande d'ondes decimetriques monte sur vehicules Expired - Lifetime EP0679318B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4339162 1993-11-16
DE4339162A DE4339162A1 (de) 1993-11-16 1993-11-16 Funkantennenanordnung für den Dezimeterwellenbereich auf einem Kraftfahrzeug
PCT/DE1994/001336 WO1995014354A1 (fr) 1993-11-16 1994-11-11 Ensemble antenne radio pour la bande d'ondes decimetriques monte sur vehicules

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0679318A1 true EP0679318A1 (fr) 1995-11-02
EP0679318B1 EP0679318B1 (fr) 2001-04-04

Family

ID=6502760

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95900076A Expired - Lifetime EP0679318B1 (fr) 1993-11-16 1994-11-11 Ensemble antenne radio pour la bande d'ondes decimetriques monte sur vehicules

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0679318B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4339162A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2156202T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995014354A1 (fr)

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FR2743198B1 (fr) * 1995-12-27 1998-02-27 Eurocopter France Procede pour compenser l'attenuation du rayonnement d'une antenne a haute frequence montee sur une structure ainsi perfectionnee
DE19614068A1 (de) * 1996-04-09 1997-10-16 Fuba Automotive Gmbh Flachantenne
DE19740254A1 (de) * 1996-10-16 1998-04-23 Lindenmeier Heinz Funkantennen-Anordnung und Patchantenne auf der Fensterscheibe eines Kraftfahrzeuges
DE19747961A1 (de) * 1997-10-30 1999-05-06 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Fahrzeug-Antenne
DE20221959U1 (de) 2002-05-16 2009-11-19 Kathrein-Werke Kg Antennenanordnung
DE102007011636A1 (de) * 2007-03-09 2008-09-11 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. Antenne für den Rundfunk-Empfang mit Diversity-Funktion in einem Fahrzeug
DE102008027371A1 (de) * 2008-06-09 2009-12-10 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Antennensystem, Sichtscheibe und Kraftfahrzeug
DE102008039125A1 (de) 2008-08-21 2010-03-04 Kathrein-Werke Kg Strahlformungseinrichtung für Außen- und/oder Dachantennen an Fahrzeugen sowie zugehörige Antenne
US7868835B2 (en) 2008-09-02 2011-01-11 Kathrein-Werke Kg Beam shaping means for external and/or roof antennas on vehicles, and associated antenna
DE102012111571A1 (de) * 2012-11-29 2014-06-05 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Antennenanordnung
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EP0679318B1 (fr) 2001-04-04
ES2156202T3 (es) 2001-06-16
DE59409715D1 (de) 2001-05-10
DE4339162A1 (de) 1995-05-18
WO1995014354A1 (fr) 1995-05-26

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