EP0674358A1 - Female electrical contact element - Google Patents
Female electrical contact element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0674358A1 EP0674358A1 EP95400531A EP95400531A EP0674358A1 EP 0674358 A1 EP0674358 A1 EP 0674358A1 EP 95400531 A EP95400531 A EP 95400531A EP 95400531 A EP95400531 A EP 95400531A EP 0674358 A1 EP0674358 A1 EP 0674358A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- intended
- channel
- bars
- electrical contact
- contact member
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/10—Sockets for co-operation with pins or blades
- H01R13/11—Resilient sockets
- H01R13/113—Resilient sockets co-operating with pins or blades having a rectangular transverse section
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/15—Pins, blades or sockets having separate spring member for producing or increasing contact pressure
- H01R13/18—Pins, blades or sockets having separate spring member for producing or increasing contact pressure with the spring member surrounding the socket
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a female electrical contact member.
- the invention relates to members comprising, at one end, means for fixing an electrical conductor and, at the other end, a rectangular section channel intended to receive a male tongue, in two opposite walls of the channel being cut elastic bars folded towards the inside of the channel to form an elastic clamp intended to grip the male tongue.
- an attached element is provided made of a material such as of spring steel and which includes double bars which, by bearing against said bars, reinforce the elastic action of the latter.
- One of the aims of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks.
- the female electrical contact member is of the type produced from a metal blank suitably folded and cut to present, at one end, means for fixing an electrical conductor and, at the other end, a rectangular section channel having a floor wall, a ceiling wall and two side walls in which are cut elastic bars folded towards the inside of the channel to constitute a clamp intended to grip a male tongue engaged by an opening for introducing said channel, the ends free of the bars being turned towards said insertion opening, the elastic action of the bars being reinforced by counter-bars of an attached element cooperating with said elastic bars, said member being characterized in that the added element is constituted by two plates fixed against the side walls and from which the counter-bars are cut.
- each side wall has a cut and folded tab to extend in the direction of the free end of the elastic strip cut in the corresponding wall.
- each plate has a folded stop to extend towards the channel and intended to limit the movement of the elastic bars.
- each side wall is shaped to present rivets intended to engage in holes in the plates.
- Each plate may include, at its end facing the means for fixing the electrical conductor, a retaining tab.
- the ceiling wall of the channel is formed by an extension of one of the side walls and extends to the vicinity of the free edge of the other side wall by providing a slot, said ceiling wall having openings, while the plate, intended to be fixed on said other side wall, has a flange intended to be inserted into the slot and terminated by lugs intended to engage in said openings.
- the plates have, at their free end intended to be turned towards the side of the opening for introducing the channel, tongues intended to be folded towards the inside of said channel.
- Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a female electrical contact member according to the invention.
- Figure 2 shows in perspective the female electrical contact member.
- Figure 3 is a sectional view along line 3-3 of Figure 2.
- Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 5 is a perspective view of the electrical contact member made according to this variant.
- Figure 6 is a sectional view along line 6-6 of Figure 5.
- Figure 7 is a sectional view along line 7-7 of Figure 5.
- the electrical contact member of FIGS. 1 to 3 comprises a main body 1 made of a metal which is a good conductor of electricity and has a certain elasticity.
- the body 1 is produced from a blank cut and folded to present, at one end, lugs 3 intended to be crimped on an electrical conductor protected by an insulating sheath and lugs 4 intended to be crimped on a stripped end of said driver.
- the body 1 On the side opposite to the legs 3, the body 1 is extended by a gutter-shaped part 5 from which, on the side of the end opposite to that adjacent to the legs 4, extends a rectangular section 6 forming a channel intended to receive, by an insertion end 11, a male tab 10.
- the channel 6 has a floor wall 6 a , two side walls 6 b and a ceiling wall 6 c which are formed by the ends of a strip cut from the metal blank and which are assembled by dovetails 7.
- each side wall 6 b is cut a tab 12 which is folded towards the inside of the channel to extend in the direction of the corresponding free end of the elastic bars 8. These tabs 12 make it possible to guide the male tongue towards the clamps formed by bars 8.
- Each plate 16 is made of a metal having good mechanical characteristics such as a spring steel.
- Each plate 16 is cut to present two elastic counter-bars 18 intended to bear against the lateral surface of the bars 8 in order to reinforce the elastic action of the clamps.
- stops 19 are formed which extend into the openings in the side walls 6 b formed so as to limit the movement of said bars 8.
- each plate 16 On the side opposite to the direction in which the counter-bars 18 extend, in each plate 16 is cut a retaining tab 20 facilitating the fixing of the member in an element of an electrical connector housing.
- the plates 16 are fixed by rivets, but other means could be provided.
- FIGS. 4 to 7 an alternative embodiment is shown, this variant will not be described in detail and the references given in the preceding figures have been used to designate the corresponding parts of this variant but assigned the letter "d".
- the main body 1d has a channel 6b with a floor wall 6e, two side walls 6f and 6g and a ceiling wall 6h which is formed by an extension of the wall 6f and which extends to the vicinity of the end. free from the wall 6g.
- a slot 25 Between the free end of the wall 6g and the ceiling wall 6h is formed a slot 25, while in said ceiling wall 6 are made two openings 26.
- the side wall 6f is intended to receive a plate 16e and the side wall 6g a plate 16d.
- the plate 16d has a flange 27 intended to be inserted into the slot 25 with two lugs 28 intended to engage in the openings 26.
- the plate 16d is fixed by rivets 14d inserting into holes 15d, on the one hand, and on the other hand, by tongues 30 which are folded towards the inside of the channel 6d.
- the plate 16e is fixed against the side wall 6f by rivets 14d engaged in holes 15d and by tabs 30 bent against the internal face of the wall 6f.
- Such an arrangement has the advantage of producing an electrical contact member in which the channel 6d does not risk being deformed during the introduction, through the opening 11d, of the male tongue 10.
Landscapes
- Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
- Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
- Connections By Means Of Piercing Elements, Nuts, Or Screws (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention vise un organe de contact électrique femelle.The present invention relates to a female electrical contact member.
L'invention se rapporte à des organes comprenant, à une extrémité, des moyens de fixation d'un conducteur électrique et, à l'autre extrémité, un canal à section rectangulaire destiné à recevoir une languette mâle, dans deux parois opposées du canal étant découpées des barrettes élastiques pliées vers l'intérieur du canal pour former une pince élastique destinée à enserrer la languette mâle.The invention relates to members comprising, at one end, means for fixing an electrical conductor and, at the other end, a rectangular section channel intended to receive a male tongue, in two opposite walls of the channel being cut elastic bars folded towards the inside of the channel to form an elastic clamp intended to grip the male tongue.
Comme le matériau dans lequel est réalisé l'organe femelle doit être bon conducteur de l'électricité et que l'élasticité de la matière est faible pour renforcer l'élasticité élastique de la pince, on prévoit un élément rapporté réalisé en un matériau tel que de l'acier à ressort et qui comporte des contrebarrettes qui, en portant contre lesdites barrettes, renforcent l'action élastique de ces dernières.As the material in which the female organ is made must be a good conductor of electricity and the elasticity of the material is low to reinforce the elastic elasticity of the clamp, an attached element is provided made of a material such as of spring steel and which includes double bars which, by bearing against said bars, reinforce the elastic action of the latter.
La réalisation de ces éléments rapportés est souvent complexe et grève le prix de revient de tels organes femelles.The production of these added elements is often complex and strikes the cost price of such female organs.
L'un des buts de l'invention est de remédier à ces inconvénients.One of the aims of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks.
L'organe de contact électrique femelle, selon l'invention, est du type réalisé à partir d'un flan métallique convenablement plié et découpé pour présenter, à une extrémité, des moyens pour la fixation d'un conducteur électrique et, à l'autre extrémité, un canal à section rectangulaire présentant une paroi de plancher, une paroi de plafond et deux parois latérales dans lesquelles sont découpées des barrettes élastiques pliées vers l'intérieur du canal pour constituer une pince destinée à enserrer une languette mâle engagée par une ouverture d'introduction dudit canal, les extrémités libres des barrettes étant tournées vers ladite ouverture d'introduction, l'action élastique des barrettes étant renforcée par des contre-barrettes d'un élément rapporté coopérant avec lesdites barrettes élastiques, ledit organe étant caractérisé en ce que l'élément rapporté est constitué par deux plaquettes fixées contre les parois latérales et dans lesquelles sont découpées les contre-barettes.The female electrical contact member, according to the invention, is of the type produced from a metal blank suitably folded and cut to present, at one end, means for fixing an electrical conductor and, at the other end, a rectangular section channel having a floor wall, a ceiling wall and two side walls in which are cut elastic bars folded towards the inside of the channel to constitute a clamp intended to grip a male tongue engaged by an opening for introducing said channel, the ends free of the bars being turned towards said insertion opening, the elastic action of the bars being reinforced by counter-bars of an attached element cooperating with said elastic bars, said member being characterized in that the added element is constituted by two plates fixed against the side walls and from which the counter-bars are cut.
Suivant une caractéristique constructive, chaque paroi latérale comporte une patte découpée et pliée pour s'étendre en direction de l'extrémité libre de la barrette élastique découpée dans la paroi correspondante. Ainsi, on forme, du côté de l'ouverture d'introduction, d'une part, un guidage pour la languette mâle et, d'autre part, une sécurité pour s'opposer à l'introduction d'une languette mâle ayant une épaisseur trop importante.According to a constructive characteristic, each side wall has a cut and folded tab to extend in the direction of the free end of the elastic strip cut in the corresponding wall. Thus, one forms, on the side of the introduction opening, on the one hand, a guide for the male tongue and, on the other hand, a security to oppose the introduction of a male tongue having a too thick.
Suivant encore une autre caractéristique, chaque plaquette présente une butée pliée pour s'étendre vers le canal et destinée à limiter le débattement des barrettes élastiques.According to yet another characteristic, each plate has a folded stop to extend towards the channel and intended to limit the movement of the elastic bars.
Suivant un détail constructif particulier, chaque paroi latérale est conformée pour présenter des rivets destinés à s'engager dans des trous des plaquettes.According to a particular constructive detail, each side wall is shaped to present rivets intended to engage in holes in the plates.
Chaque plaquette peut comporter, à son extrémité tournée vers les moyens de fixation du conducteur électrique, une patte de retenue.Each plate may include, at its end facing the means for fixing the electrical conductor, a retaining tab.
Suivant une variante de réalisation, la paroi de plafond du canal est formée par un prolongement de l'une des parois latérales et s'étend jusqu'au voisinage du bord libre de l'autre paroi latérale en ménageant une fente, ladite paroi de plafond comportant des ouvertures, tandis que la plaquette, destinée à être fixée sur ladite autre paroi latérale, présente un rebord destiné à s'insérer dans la fente et terminé par des ergots destinés à s'engager dans lesdites ouvertures.According to an alternative embodiment, the ceiling wall of the channel is formed by an extension of one of the side walls and extends to the vicinity of the free edge of the other side wall by providing a slot, said ceiling wall having openings, while the plate, intended to be fixed on said other side wall, has a flange intended to be inserted into the slot and terminated by lugs intended to engage in said openings.
On réalise ainsi un organe de contact électrique qui ne risque pas de se déformer lors de l'introduction de la languette mâle.This produces an electrical contact member which does not risk being deformed during the introduction of the male tongue.
Enfin, les plaquettes comportent, à leur extrémité libre destinée à être tournée du côté de l'ouverture d'introduction du canal, des languettes destinées à être pliées vers l'intérieur dudit canal.Finally, the plates have, at their free end intended to be turned towards the side of the opening for introducing the channel, tongues intended to be folded towards the inside of said channel.
L'invention va maintenant être décrite avec plus de détails en se référant à des modes de réalisation particuliers donnés à titre d'exemple seulement et représentés aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to particular embodiments given by way of example only and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 est une vue en perspective éclatée d'un organe de contact électrique femelle, selon l'invention.Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view of a female electrical contact member according to the invention.
Figure 2 montre en perspective l'organe de contact électrique femelle.Figure 2 shows in perspective the female electrical contact member.
Figure 3 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne 3-3 de la figure 2.Figure 3 is a sectional view along line 3-3 of Figure 2.
Figure 4 est une vue en perspective éclatée d'une variante de réalisation de l'invention.Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
Figure 5 est une vue en perspective de l'organe de contact électrique réalisé suivant cette variante.Figure 5 is a perspective view of the electrical contact member made according to this variant.
Figure 6 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne 6-6 de la figure 5.Figure 6 is a sectional view along line 6-6 of Figure 5.
Figure 7 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne 7-7 de la figure 5.Figure 7 is a sectional view along line 7-7 of Figure 5.
L'organe de contact électrique des figures 1 à 3 comprend un corps principal 1 réalisé en un métal bon conducteur de l'électricité et doué d'une certaine élasticité. Le corps 1 est réalisé à partir d'un flan découpé et plié pour présenter, à une extrémité, des pattes 3 destinées à être serties sur un conducteur électrique protégé par une gaine isolante et des pattes 4 destinées à être serties sur une extrémité dénudée dudit conducteur.The electrical contact member of FIGS. 1 to 3 comprises a main body 1 made of a metal which is a good conductor of electricity and has a certain elasticity. The body 1 is produced from a blank cut and folded to present, at one end,
Du côté opposé aux pattes 3, le corps 1 est prolongé par une partie en forme de gouttière 5 à partir de laquelle, du côté de l'extrémité opposée à celle adjacente aux pattes 4, s'étend une partie à section rectangulaire 6 formant un canal destiné à recevoir, par une extrémité d'introduction 11, une languette mâle 10.On the side opposite to the
Le canal 6 présente une paroi de plancher 6a, deux parois latérales 6b et une paroi de plafond 6c qui sont formées par les extrémités d'une bande découpée dans le flan métallique et qui sont assemblées par des queues d'aronde 7.The
Dans les parois latérales 6b sont découpées deux barrettes élastiques 8 qui sont pliées pour s'étendre dans le canal 6 et forment des pinces élastiques destinées à enserrer la languette mâle 10, les barrettes 8 sont découpées de manière que leur extrémité libre soit tournée du côté de l'extrémité d'introduction 11, lesdites extrémités libres étant cambrées afin que la convexité d'une barrette d'une paroi 6b soit tournée en regard de la convexité d'une barrette correspondante de l'autre paroi 6b.In the
Dans chaque paroi latérale 6b est découpée une patte 12 qui est pliée vers l'intérieur du canal pour s'étendre en direction de l'extrémité libre correspondante des barrettes élastiques 8. Ces pattes 12 permettent de guider la languette mâle vers les pinces formées par les barrettes 8.In each
Dans les parois latérales 6b sont formés quatre rivets 14 destinés à s'insérer dans des trous 15 d'une plaquette 16, l'extrémité libre des rivets étant écrasée pour assurer l'assujettissement desdites plaquettes.In the
Chaque plaquette 16 est réalisée en un métal ayant de bonnes caractéristiques mécaniques tel qu'un acier à ressort.Each
Chaque plaquette 16 est découpée pour présenter deux contre-barrettes élastiques 18 destinées à porter contre la surface latérale des barrettes 8 afin de renforcer l'action élastique des pinces.Each
Du côté de l'extrémité libre des contre-barrettes 18, dans les plaquettes 16, sont formées des butées 19 s'étendant dans les ouvertures des parois latérales 6b formées de manière à limiter le débattement desdites barrettes 8.On the side of the free end of the
Du côté opposé à la direction dans laquelle s'étendent les contre-barrettes 18, dans chaque plaquette 16 est découpée une patte de retenue 20 facilitant la fixation de l'organe dans un élément de boîtier de connecteur électrique.On the side opposite to the direction in which the
Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, les plaquettes 16 sont fixées par des rivets, mais on pourrait prévoir d'autres moyens.In the embodiment shown, the
Aux figures 4 à 7, on a représenté une variante de réalisation, cette variante ne sera pas décrite en détail et on a utilisé les références portées sur les figures précédentes pour désigner les parties correspondantes de cette variante mais affectées de la lettre "d".In FIGS. 4 to 7, an alternative embodiment is shown, this variant will not be described in detail and the references given in the preceding figures have been used to designate the corresponding parts of this variant but assigned the letter "d".
Le corps principal 1d présente un canal 6b avec une paroi de plancher 6e, deux parois latérales 6f et 6g et une paroi de plafond 6h qui est formée par un prolongement de la paroi 6f et qui s'étend jusqu'au voisinage de l'extrémité libre de la paroi 6g.The
Entre l'extrémité libre de la paroi 6g et la paroi de plafond 6h est ménagée une fente 25, tandis que dans ladite paroi de plafond 6 sont pratiquées deux ouvertures 26.Between the free end of the
La paroi latérale 6f est destinée à recevoir une plaquette 16e et la paroi latérale 6g une plaquette 16d.The
La plaquette 16d présente un rebord 27 destiné à s'insérer dans la fente 25 avec deux ergots 28 destinés à s'engager dans les ouvertures 26.The
La plaquette 16d est fixée par des rivets 14d s'insérant dans des trous 15d, d'une part, et d'autre part, par des languettes 30 qui sont repliées vers l'intérieur du canal 6d.The
La plaquette 16e est fixée contre la paroi latérale 6f par des rivets 14d engagés dans des trous 15d et par des languettes 30 pliées contre la face interne de la paroi 6f.The
Une telle disposition présente l'avantage de réaliser un organe de contact électrique dans lequel le canal 6d ne risque pas de se déformer lors de l'introduction, par l'ouverture 11d, de la languette mâle 10.Such an arrangement has the advantage of producing an electrical contact member in which the
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrits et représentés. On pourra y apporter de nombreuses modifications de détail sans sortir pour cela du cadre de l'invention.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments which have just been described and shown. Many detailed modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9403281 | 1994-03-21 | ||
FR9403281A FR2717624B1 (en) | 1994-03-21 | 1994-03-21 | Female electrical contact member. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0674358A1 true EP0674358A1 (en) | 1995-09-27 |
EP0674358B1 EP0674358B1 (en) | 1999-08-25 |
Family
ID=9461252
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95400531A Expired - Lifetime EP0674358B1 (en) | 1994-03-21 | 1995-03-13 | Female electrical contact element |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5573434A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0674358B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH08161952A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1038286C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69511604T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2717624B1 (en) |
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FR2743942A1 (en) * | 1996-01-24 | 1997-07-25 | Cinch Connecteurs Sa | FEMALE ELECTRIC CONTACT MEMBER |
FR2783638A1 (en) * | 1998-09-22 | 2000-03-24 | Cinch Connecteurs Sa | Female electrical connector, has inwardly projecting tabs to grip terminal, and outer support of stainless steel to provide greater strength |
WO2007006874A1 (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2007-01-18 | Fci | Electrical contact comprising an add-on holding lug |
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Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3941773A1 (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1991-06-20 | Grote & Hartmann | Electrical contact element - has one-piece stamping fitted with one-piece spring having projecting spring arms parallel to spring contact arms |
EP0433610A2 (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1991-06-26 | Grote & Hartmann GmbH & Co. KG | Electrical contact element with surrounding spring |
EP0583590A2 (en) * | 1992-08-18 | 1994-02-23 | FRAMATOME CONNECTORS DAUT + RIETZ GmbH | Electrical spring contact |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE69221035T2 (en) * | 1991-06-03 | 1998-06-10 | Whitaker Corp | Electric contact |
-
1994
- 1994-03-21 FR FR9403281A patent/FR2717624B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-03-02 US US08/397,878 patent/US5573434A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-10 JP JP7050819A patent/JPH08161952A/en active Pending
- 1995-03-13 DE DE69511604T patent/DE69511604T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-13 EP EP95400531A patent/EP0674358B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-16 CN CN95102497A patent/CN1038286C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3941773A1 (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1991-06-20 | Grote & Hartmann | Electrical contact element - has one-piece stamping fitted with one-piece spring having projecting spring arms parallel to spring contact arms |
EP0433610A2 (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1991-06-26 | Grote & Hartmann GmbH & Co. KG | Electrical contact element with surrounding spring |
EP0583590A2 (en) * | 1992-08-18 | 1994-02-23 | FRAMATOME CONNECTORS DAUT + RIETZ GmbH | Electrical spring contact |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2743942A1 (en) * | 1996-01-24 | 1997-07-25 | Cinch Connecteurs Sa | FEMALE ELECTRIC CONTACT MEMBER |
FR2783638A1 (en) * | 1998-09-22 | 2000-03-24 | Cinch Connecteurs Sa | Female electrical connector, has inwardly projecting tabs to grip terminal, and outer support of stainless steel to provide greater strength |
WO2007006874A1 (en) * | 2005-07-06 | 2007-01-18 | Fci | Electrical contact comprising an add-on holding lug |
WO2018172406A1 (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-09-27 | Hirschmann Automotive Gmbh | Contact element for a plug connector |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1038286C (en) | 1998-05-06 |
JPH08161952A (en) | 1996-06-21 |
DE69511604D1 (en) | 1999-09-30 |
DE69511604T2 (en) | 2000-05-04 |
EP0674358B1 (en) | 1999-08-25 |
FR2717624B1 (en) | 1996-04-26 |
CN1111834A (en) | 1995-11-15 |
FR2717624A1 (en) | 1995-09-22 |
US5573434A (en) | 1996-11-12 |
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