EP0674358B1 - Female electrical contact element - Google Patents
Female electrical contact element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0674358B1 EP0674358B1 EP95400531A EP95400531A EP0674358B1 EP 0674358 B1 EP0674358 B1 EP 0674358B1 EP 95400531 A EP95400531 A EP 95400531A EP 95400531 A EP95400531 A EP 95400531A EP 0674358 B1 EP0674358 B1 EP 0674358B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- intended
- bars
- contact element
- duct
- electric contact
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/10—Sockets for co-operation with pins or blades
- H01R13/11—Resilient sockets
- H01R13/113—Resilient sockets co-operating with pins or blades having a rectangular transverse section
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/15—Pins, blades or sockets having separate spring member for producing or increasing contact pressure
- H01R13/18—Pins, blades or sockets having separate spring member for producing or increasing contact pressure with the spring member surrounding the socket
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a contact member electric female.
- the invention relates to organs comprising, at one end, means for fixing a conductor electrical and, at the other end, a section channel rectangular intended to receive a male tongue and having elastic bars folded to form an elastic clamp intended to grip the male tongue.
- an added element is provided made of a material such as spring steel and which includes counter-bars which, by bearing against said bars, reinforce the elastic action of the latter.
- One of the aims of the present invention is to make a female electrical contact member of the type above which, while having the same advantages, either much less expensive.
- the female electrical contact organ is of the type produced from a metal blank suitably folded and cut to present, at a end, means for fixing a conductor electrical and, at the other end, a section channel rectangular with a floor wall, a wall ceiling, two side walls and elastic bars folded to form a clamp intended to grip a male tongue engaged between said elastic bars, the elastic action of the bars being reinforced by counter-bars of an added element cooperating with said elastic bars, said member being characterized in that said elastic bars are cut in the two side walls and folded towards the inside of the canal towards the end of it opposite to that provided with means for fixing the electrical conductor, the insert being constituted by two fixed plates against the side walls and in which are cut the counter-bars.
- each side wall has a cut and folded tab to extend towards the free end of the bar elastic cut in the corresponding wall. So, on the side of the introduction opening, a on the one hand, a guide for the male tongue and, on the other hand, security to oppose the introduction of a tab male too thick.
- each insert has a folded stopper to extend towards the channel and intended to limit the travel of the bars elastic.
- each side wall is shaped to present rivets intended to engage in holes in the plates.
- Each plate may have, at its end turned towards the means of fixing the electrical conductor, a retaining tab.
- the wall of the canal ceiling is formed by an extension of one side walls and extends to the vicinity of the edge free from the other side wall, leaving a slot, said ceiling wall having openings, while that the plate, intended to be fixed on said other side wall, has a rim intended to be inserted in the slot and terminated by pins intended to engage in said openings.
- An electrical contact member is thus produced which is not likely to deform during the introduction of the male tongue.
- the plates have, at their end free to be turned towards the opening side of introduction of the channel, of the tabs intended to be bent inward of said channel.
- Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view a female electrical contact member according to the invention.
- Figure 2 shows in perspective the contact member electric female.
- Figure 3 is a sectional view along the line 3-3 in Figure 2.
- Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 5 is a perspective view of the organ electrical contact made according to this variant.
- Figure 6 is a sectional view along the line 6-6 in Figure 5.
- Figure 7 is a sectional view along the line 7-7 of figure 5.
- the electrical contact member of FIGS. 1 to 3 includes a main body 1 made of a good metal conductor of electricity and endowed with a certain elasticity.
- the body 1 is produced from a cut and folded blank to present, at one end, legs 3 intended to be crimped on an electrical conductor protected by an insulating sheath and tabs 4 intended to be crimped on a stripped end of said conductor.
- the body 1 On the side opposite the legs 3, the body 1 is extended by a gutter-shaped part 5 from from which end opposite the adjacent end legs 4 extends a rectangular section 6 forming a channel intended to receive, by one end introduction 11, a male tab 10.
- the channel 6 has a floor wall 6 a , two side walls 6 b and a ceiling wall 6 c which are formed by the ends of a strip cut from the metal blank and which are assembled by dovetails 7.
- each side wall 6 b is cut a tab 12 which is folded towards the inside of the channel to extend in the direction of the corresponding free end of the elastic bars 8. These tabs 12 make it possible to guide the male tongue towards the clamps formed by bars 8.
- Each plate 16 is made of a metal having good mechanical characteristics such as steel on springs.
- Each plate 16 is cut to present two elastic counter-bars 18 intended to carry against the lateral surface of the bars 8 in order to reinforce the elastic action of the clamps.
- each plate 16 On the side opposite to the direction in which extend the counter-bars 18, in each plate 16 is cut a retaining tab 20 facilitating the fixing of the member in a connector housing element electric.
- the pads 16 are fixed with rivets, but we could provide other means.
- the main body ld has a channel 6b with a floor wall 6e, two side walls 6f and 6g and a 6h ceiling wall which is formed by an extension from wall 6f and which extends to the vicinity of the end free from the wall 6g.
- a slot 25 Between the free end of the wall 6g and the 6h ceiling wall is made a slot 25, while in said ceiling wall 6 are made two openings 26.
- the side wall 6f is intended to receive a 16th plate and the side wall 6g a plate 16d.
- the plate 16d has a rim 27 intended to be inserted into the slot 25 with two pins 28 intended to engage in the openings 26.
- the 16d plate is fixed by 14d rivets fitting into holes 15d, on the one hand, and on the other hand, by tabs 30 which are folded inwards of channel 6d.
- the 16th plate is fixed against the side wall 6f by rivets 14d engaged in holes 15d and by tabs 30 folded against the internal face of the wall 6f.
- Such an arrangement has the advantage of make an electrical contact member in which the channel 6d is not likely to deform during introduction, through the opening 11d, of the male tab 10.
Description
La présente invention vise un organe de contact électrique femelle.The present invention relates to a contact member electric female.
L'invention se rapporte à des organes comprenant, à une extrémité, des moyens de fixation d'un conducteur électrique et, à l'autre extrémité, un canal à section rectangulaire destiné à recevoir une languette mâle et présentant des barrettes élastiques pliées pour former une pince élastique destinée à enserrer la languette mâle.The invention relates to organs comprising, at one end, means for fixing a conductor electrical and, at the other end, a section channel rectangular intended to receive a male tongue and having elastic bars folded to form an elastic clamp intended to grip the male tongue.
Comme le matériau dans lequel est réalisé l'organe femelle doit être bon conducteur de l'électricité et que l'élasticité de la matière est faible pour renforcer l'élasticité de la pince, on prévoit un élément rapporté réalisé en un matériau tel que de l'acier à ressort et qui comporte des contre-barrettes qui, en portant contre lesdites barrettes, renforcent l'action élastique de ces dernières.Like the material in which the organ is made female must be a good conductor of electricity and that the elasticity of the material is weak to reinforce the elasticity of the clamp, an added element is provided made of a material such as spring steel and which includes counter-bars which, by bearing against said bars, reinforce the elastic action of the latter.
De tels organes sont notamment décrits dans le brevet allemand numéro 3 941 773 et le brevet européen numéro 0 433 610.Such organs are notably described in German patent number 3,941,773 and European patent number 0 433 610.
Toutefois, ces réalisations sont relativement chères puisqu'elles nécessitent un premier outillage pour réaliser le corps, un second outillage pour réaliser l'élément rapporté et un troisième outillage pour monter et fixer l'élément rapporté sur le corps.However, these achievements are relatively expensive since they require a first tool for make the body, a second tool to make the element insert and a third tool for mounting and fixing the element attached to the body.
L'un des buts de la présente invention est de réaliser un organe de contact électrique femelle du type ci-dessus qui, tout en présentant les mêmes avantages, soit beaucoup moins onéreux.One of the aims of the present invention is to make a female electrical contact member of the type above which, while having the same advantages, either much less expensive.
L'organe de contact électrique femelle, selon l'invention, est du type réalisé à partir d'un flan métallique convenablement plié et découpé pour présenter, à une extrémité, des moyens pour la fixation d'un conducteur électrique et, à l'autre extrémité, un canal à section rectangulaire présentant une paroi de plancher, une paroi de plafond, deux parois latérales et des barrettes élastiques pliées pour constituer une pince destinée à enserrer une languette mâle engagée entre lesdites barrettes élastiques, l'action élastique des barrettes étant renforcée par des contre-barrettes d'un élément rapporté coopérant avec lesdites barrettes élastiques, ledit organe étant caractérisé en ce que lesdites barrettes élastiques sont découpées dans les deux parois latérales et pliées vers l'intérieur du canal en direction de l'extrémité de celui-ci opposée à celle pourvue des moyens de fixation du conducteur électrique, l'élément rapporté étant constitué par deux plaquettes fixées contre les parois latérales et dans lesquelles sont découpées les contre-barrettes.The female electrical contact organ, according to the invention is of the type produced from a metal blank suitably folded and cut to present, at a end, means for fixing a conductor electrical and, at the other end, a section channel rectangular with a floor wall, a wall ceiling, two side walls and elastic bars folded to form a clamp intended to grip a male tongue engaged between said elastic bars, the elastic action of the bars being reinforced by counter-bars of an added element cooperating with said elastic bars, said member being characterized in that said elastic bars are cut in the two side walls and folded towards the inside of the canal towards the end of it opposite to that provided with means for fixing the electrical conductor, the insert being constituted by two fixed plates against the side walls and in which are cut the counter-bars.
Suivant une caractéristique constructive, chaque paroi latérale comporte une patte découpée et pliée pour s'étendre en direction de l'extrémité libre de la barrette élastique découpée dans la paroi correspondante. Ainsi, on forme, du côté de l'ouverture d'introduction, d'une part, un guidage pour la languette mâle et, d'autre part, une sécurité pour s'opposer à l'introduction d'une languette mâle ayant une épaisseur trop importante.According to a constructive characteristic, each side wall has a cut and folded tab to extend towards the free end of the bar elastic cut in the corresponding wall. So, on the side of the introduction opening, a on the one hand, a guide for the male tongue and, on the other hand, security to oppose the introduction of a tab male too thick.
Suivant encore une autre caractéristique, chaque plaquette présente une butée pliée pour s'étendre vers le canal et destinée à limiter le débattement des barrettes élastiques.According to yet another characteristic, each insert has a folded stopper to extend towards the channel and intended to limit the travel of the bars elastic.
Suivant un détail constructif particulier, chaque paroi latérale est conformée pour présenter des rivets destinés à s'engager dans des trous des plaquettes. According to a specific constructive detail, each side wall is shaped to present rivets intended to engage in holes in the plates.
Chaque plaquette peut comporter, à son extrémité tournée vers les moyens de fixation du conducteur électrique, une patte de retenue.Each plate may have, at its end turned towards the means of fixing the electrical conductor, a retaining tab.
Suivant une variante de réalisation, la paroi de plafond du canal est formée par un prolongement de l'une des parois latérales et s'étend jusqu'au voisinage du bord libre de l'autre paroi latérale en ménageant une fente, ladite paroi de plafond comportant des ouvertures, tandis que la plaquette, destinée à être fixée sur ladite autre paroi latérale, présente un rebord destiné à s'insérer dans la fente et terminé par des ergots destinés à s'engager dans lesdites ouvertures.According to an alternative embodiment, the wall of the canal ceiling is formed by an extension of one side walls and extends to the vicinity of the edge free from the other side wall, leaving a slot, said ceiling wall having openings, while that the plate, intended to be fixed on said other side wall, has a rim intended to be inserted in the slot and terminated by pins intended to engage in said openings.
On réalise ainsi un organe de contact électrique qui ne risque pas de se déformer lors de l'introduction de la languette mâle.An electrical contact member is thus produced which is not likely to deform during the introduction of the male tongue.
Enfin, les plaquettes comportent, à leur extrémité libre destinée à être tournée du côté de l'ouverture d'introduction du canal, des languettes destinées à être pliées vers l'intérieur dudit canal. Finally, the plates have, at their end free to be turned towards the opening side of introduction of the channel, of the tabs intended to be bent inward of said channel.
L'invention va maintenant être décrite avec plus de détails en se référant à des modes de réalisation particuliers donnés à titre d'exemple seulement et représentés aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :The invention will now be described with more details with reference to embodiments individuals given by way of example only and shown to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 est une vue en perspective éclatée d'un organe de contact électrique femelle, selon l'invention.Figure 1 is an exploded perspective view a female electrical contact member according to the invention.
Figure 2 montre en perspective l'organe de contact électrique femelle.Figure 2 shows in perspective the contact member electric female.
Figure 3 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne 3-3 de la figure 2.Figure 3 is a sectional view along the line 3-3 in Figure 2.
Figure 4 est une vue en perspective éclatée d'une variante de réalisation de l'invention.Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
Figure 5 est une vue en perspective de l'organe de contact électrique réalisé suivant cette variante.Figure 5 is a perspective view of the organ electrical contact made according to this variant.
Figure 6 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne 6-6 de la figure 5.Figure 6 is a sectional view along the line 6-6 in Figure 5.
Figure 7 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne 7-7 de la figure 5.Figure 7 is a sectional view along the line 7-7 of figure 5.
L'organe de contact électrique des figures 1
à 3 comprend un corps principal 1 réalisé en un métal bon
conducteur de l'électricité et doué d'une certaine élasticité.
Le corps 1 est réalisé à partir d'un flan découpé et plié
pour présenter, à une extrémité, des pattes 3 destinées
à être serties sur un conducteur électrique protégé par
une gaine isolante et des pattes 4 destinées à être serties
sur une extrémité dénudée dudit conducteur. The electrical contact member of FIGS. 1
to 3 includes a main body 1 made of a good metal
conductor of electricity and endowed with a certain elasticity.
The body 1 is produced from a cut and folded blank
to present, at one end,
Du côté opposé aux pattes 3, le corps 1 est
prolongé par une partie en forme de gouttière 5 à partir
de laquelle, du côté de l'extrémité opposée à celle adjacente
aux pattes 4, s'étend une partie à section rectangulaire
6 formant un canal destiné à recevoir, par une extrémité
d'introduction 11, une languette mâle 10.On the side opposite the
Le canal 6 présente une paroi de plancher 6a,
deux parois latérales 6b et une paroi de plafond 6c qui
sont formées par les extrémités d'une bande découpée dans
le flan métallique et qui sont assemblées par des queues
d'aronde 7.The
Dans les parois latérales 6b sont découpées
deux barrettes élastiques 8 qui sont pliées pour s'étendre
dans le canal 6 et forment des pinces élastiques destinées
à enserrer la languette mâle 10, les barrettes 8
sont découpées de manière que leur extrémité libre soit
tournée du côté de l'extrémité d'introduction 11, lesdites
extrémités libres étant cambrées afin que la convexité
d'une barrette d'une paroi 6b soit tournée en regard
de la convexité d'une barrette correspondante de l'autre
paroi 6b.In the
Dans chaque paroi latérale 6b est découpée une
patte 12 qui est pliée vers l'intérieur du canal pour s'étendre
en direction de l'extrémité libre correspondante des
barrettes élastiques 8. Ces pattes 12 permettent de guider
la languette mâle vers les pinces formées par les barrettes
8.In each
Dans les parois latérales 6b sont formés quatre
rivets 14 destinés à s'insérer dans des trous 15 d'une
plaquette 16, l'extrémité libre des rivets étant écrasée
pour assurer l'assujettissement desdites plaquettes. In the
Chaque plaquette 16 est réalisée en un métal
ayant de bonnes caractéristiques mécaniques tel qu'un acier
à ressort.Each
Chaque plaquette 16 est découpée pour présenter
deux contre-barrettes élastiques 18 destinées à porter
contre la surface latérale des barrettes 8 afin de renforcer
l'action élastique des pinces.Each
Du côté de l'extrémité libre des contre-barrettes
18, dans les plaquettes 16, sont formées des butées
19 s'étendant dans les ouvertures des parois latérales 6b
formées de manière à limiter le débattement desdites barrettes
8.On the side of the free end of the
Du côté opposé à la direction dans laquelle
s'étendent les contre-barrettes 18, dans chaque plaquette
16 est découpée une patte de retenue 20 facilitant la fixation
de l'organe dans un élément de boítier de connecteur
électrique.On the side opposite to the direction in which
extend the
Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, les
plaquettes 16 sont fixées par des rivets, mais on pourrait
prévoir d'autres moyens.In the embodiment shown, the
Aux figures 4 à 7, on a représenté une variante de réalisation, cette variante ne sera pas décrite en détail et on a utilisé les références portées sur les figures précédentes pour désigner les parties correspondantes de cette variante mais affectées de la lettre "d".Figures 4 to 7 show a variant of embodiment, this variant will not be described in detail and we used the references given in the previous figures to designate the corresponding parts of this variant but assigned the letter "d".
Le corps principal ld présente un canal 6b avec
une paroi de plancher 6e, deux parois latérales 6f et 6g
et une paroi de plafond 6h qui est formée par un prolongement
de la paroi 6f et qui s'étend jusqu'au voisinage de l'extrémité
libre de la paroi 6g. The main body ld has a
Entre l'extrémité libre de la paroi 6g et la
paroi de plafond 6h est ménagée une fente 25, tandis que
dans ladite paroi de plafond 6 sont pratiquées deux ouvertures
26.Between the free end of the
La paroi latérale 6f est destinée à recevoir
une plaquette 16e et la paroi latérale 6g une plaquette
16d.The
La plaquette 16d présente un rebord 27 destiné
à s'insérer dans la fente 25 avec deux ergots 28 destinés
à s'engager dans les ouvertures 26.The
La plaquette 16d est fixée par des rivets 14d
s'insérant dans des trous 15d, d'une part, et d'autre part,
par des languettes 30 qui sont repliées vers l'intérieur
du canal 6d.The 16d plate is fixed by 14d rivets
fitting into
La plaquette 16e est fixée contre la paroi latérale
6f par des rivets 14d engagés dans des trous 15d et
par des languettes 30 pliées contre la face interne de la
paroi 6f.The 16th plate is fixed against the
Une telle disposition présente l'avantage de
réaliser un organe de contact électrique dans lequel le
canal 6d ne risque pas de se déformer lors de l'introduction,
par l'ouverture 11d, de la languette mâle 10.Such an arrangement has the advantage of
make an electrical contact member in which the
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation qui viennent d'être décrits et représentés. On pourra y apporter de nombreuses modifications de détail sans sortir pour cela du cadre de l'invention.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments which have just been described and represented. We can make many modifications detail without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
- A female electric contact element of the type made from a metallic blank suitably bent and cut to have, at one end, means for the attachment of an electric conductor and, at the other end, a duct (6) having a rectangular section and a bottom wall (6a), a top wall (6c), two side walls (6b) and resilient bars (8) bent to form a clamp intended to grip a male blade (10) engaged between the the resilient bars (8), the resilient action of the bars (8) being reinforced by counter-bars (18) of an attached element cooperating with the said resilient bars (8),
characterised in that the resilient bars (8) are cut in the two side walls (6b) and bent towards the interior of the duct in the direction of the end of said duct opposite that provided with means for the attachment of the electric conductor, the attached element being formed by two plates (16) fixed against the side walls (6b) and in which the counter-bars (18) are cut. - A female electric contact element according to Claim 1,
characterised in that each side wall (6b) has a lug (12) cut and bent to extend towards the free end of the resilient bar cut in the corresponding wall. - A female electric contact element according to Claim 1,
characterised in that each plate (16) has a stop (19) bent to extend towards the duct (6) and intended to limit the clearance of the resilient bars (8). - A female electric contact element according to Claim 1,
characterised in that each side wall (6b) is adapted to have rivets (14) intended to engage in holes (15) in the plates (16). - A female electric contact element according to Claim 1,
characterised in that each plate (16) comprises, at its end turned towards the attachment means for the electric conductor, a retaining lug (20). - A female electric contact element according to Claim 1,
characterised in that the top wall (6h) of the duct (6d) is formed by an extension of one of the side walls (6f) and extends to the vicinity of the free edge of the other side wall (6g) whilst providing a slot (25), the said top wall (6h) comprising apertures (26), whereas the plate (16d) intended to be attached to the said other side wall (6g) has a shoulder intended to be inserted into the slot and ending in spigots (28) intended to engage in the said apertures (26). - A female electric contact element according to Claim 6,
characterised in that the plates (16d, 16e) comprise, at their free end intended to be turned away from the introduction aperture (lld) of the duct (6d), blades (30) intended to be bent towards the interior of the said duct (6d).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9403281 | 1994-03-21 | ||
FR9403281A FR2717624B1 (en) | 1994-03-21 | 1994-03-21 | Female electrical contact member. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0674358A1 EP0674358A1 (en) | 1995-09-27 |
EP0674358B1 true EP0674358B1 (en) | 1999-08-25 |
Family
ID=9461252
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95400531A Expired - Lifetime EP0674358B1 (en) | 1994-03-21 | 1995-03-13 | Female electrical contact element |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5573434A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0674358B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH08161952A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1038286C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69511604T2 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2717624B1 (en) |
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---|---|---|---|---|
DE8914951U1 (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1991-04-18 | Grote & Hartmann Gmbh & Co Kg, 5600 Wuppertal, De | |
DE3941773A1 (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1991-06-20 | Grote & Hartmann | Electrical contact element - has one-piece stamping fitted with one-piece spring having projecting spring arms parallel to spring contact arms |
DE69228392T2 (en) * | 1991-06-03 | 1999-08-26 | Whitaker Corp | Electric contact |
DE4227287A1 (en) * | 1992-08-18 | 1994-02-24 | Framatome Connectors Int | Electrical spring contact |
-
1994
- 1994-03-21 FR FR9403281A patent/FR2717624B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-03-02 US US08/397,878 patent/US5573434A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-10 JP JP7050819A patent/JPH08161952A/en active Pending
- 1995-03-13 DE DE69511604T patent/DE69511604T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-13 EP EP95400531A patent/EP0674358B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-16 CN CN95102497A patent/CN1038286C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102020110176B4 (en) | 2020-04-14 | 2022-02-10 | Te Connectivity Germany Gmbh | Electrical contact device for an electrical connector and connector |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2717624B1 (en) | 1996-04-26 |
CN1038286C (en) | 1998-05-06 |
DE69511604D1 (en) | 1999-09-30 |
FR2717624A1 (en) | 1995-09-22 |
JPH08161952A (en) | 1996-06-21 |
US5573434A (en) | 1996-11-12 |
DE69511604T2 (en) | 2000-05-04 |
EP0674358A1 (en) | 1995-09-27 |
CN1111834A (en) | 1995-11-15 |
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