EP0668710B1 - Appareil de chauffage électrique - Google Patents

Appareil de chauffage électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0668710B1
EP0668710B1 EP94120383A EP94120383A EP0668710B1 EP 0668710 B1 EP0668710 B1 EP 0668710B1 EP 94120383 A EP94120383 A EP 94120383A EP 94120383 A EP94120383 A EP 94120383A EP 0668710 B1 EP0668710 B1 EP 0668710B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
metal sheets
housing
heat
heater according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94120383A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0668710A2 (fr
EP0668710A3 (fr
Inventor
Marcel Hofsäss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HOFSAESS, MARCEL
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0668710A2 publication Critical patent/EP0668710A2/fr
Publication of EP0668710A3 publication Critical patent/EP0668710A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0668710B1 publication Critical patent/EP0668710B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
    • H05B3/80—Portable immersion heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric heater, in particular in the form of an immersion body for heating and / or Tempering of liquids, with at least one heating element, which heats up as a result of a current flowing through it and Emits heat to its surroundings, at least one Heating element made of heating ceramic and in a heat-conducting, electrically insulating housing is housed with which it is in heat-conducting connection, and the heating element clamped between two electrically conductive sheets or plates through which the power is supplied.
  • Such an electric heater is from the document DE-PS-29 48 592 known.
  • the known heater comprises a sleeve made of heat-conducting Silicone rubber, in which two spaced-apart guide channels are provided, which are in the rear area of the Extend the sleeve and take up one contact plate each. In the front The area of the sleeve is between the two contact plates PTC heating element clamped in, via the two contact plates is powered. The sleeve is with a holding body completed, which also serves as strain relief for the the leads leading the contact plates.
  • This heater is designed as a heating cartridge and should be in devices to be heated are inserted. Because the contact plates and the PTC heating element completely from the sleeve or the Holding bodies are enclosed, the heat conduction takes place from the PTC heating element to the outside along and across to this sleeve, whereby the heat output from the PTC heating element to the object to be heated by the heat conduction in the silicone rubber is determined and what is unsatisfactory is considered a disadvantage.
  • DE-OS 31 36 094 and DE-AS-26 14 433 are immersion heaters known with PTC heating elements between heat conducting plates are pinched, via which the power is supplied.
  • the PTC heating elements are in one with their heat conducting plates Glass tube inserted in such a way that the heat conducting plates under Stand tension and so good contact on the one hand with the Manufacture glass tube and on the other hand to the PTC heating element.
  • DD-PS-257 534 is a heater with PTC heating elements known in which the PTC heating elements between meandering metal electrodes are clamped, which serve both the power supply and heat dissipation.
  • Heaters With electrical generally known from the prior art Heaters to which, in the broadest sense, fan heaters, hot plates, Waffle irons, immersion heaters, heaters for foot baths, aquarium heaters etc. are usually heating spirals, Incandescent filaments or other metallic resistance heaters than Heating element used.
  • the temperature output of the heating elements is usually at several 100 ° C, heat incandescent filaments z. B. to 600 ° C and more. Due to the increasing security requirements are now one of such heaters A series of regulations that apply to both electrical insulation to protect against electric shock as well thermal insulation to protect against burns Respectively.
  • the heat is given off either by radiation, passing by Air is heated, or via heat conduction, whereby the heating element in connection with a heat-conducting surface stands how this z. B. is the case with waffle irons.
  • the aquarium heaters mentioned z. B. often have a diving body in the form of a pluggable into the water of the aquarium Glass rods with an internal filament, for safety reasons between the filament and the glass wall Air gap is provided. Because of the poor heat transfer over this air gap and because of the poor heat conduction of the glass, the filament must be at very high temperatures be heated in order to give sufficient heat to the To worry about water. For an accurate temperature setting is usually a control loop with at least one sensor is required. Because of the required high temperature difference between Water and filament on the one hand and the sluggishness of the whole On the other hand, the system is complex, it often has to be adjusted by hand. This is especially why undesirable because the adjustment and control mechanism is common provided at the top of the glass rod and with it in the water is sunk so that the operator must reach into the water, whereby in addition, the animals are often undesirably disturbed.
  • incandescent filaments in particular tend further to z. B. due to high inrush currents or mechanical shocks to burn when the filament is still hot, so that often that whole heater must be replaced.
  • this object is achieved in that a a clamping device independent of the housing and the sheets is provided, which presses the sheets and the heating element together, the sheets in cross section to match each other so with a survey or Are deepened that they are one between themselves Form a receiving space for the heating element, and at least one the sheets with a raised protruding over the carrier Is provided area that serves as a thermal contact surface.
  • the object underlying the invention is achieved in this way completely solved. It is, so to speak, an encapsulated one Resistance heating with a positive temperature coefficient, the is electrically insulated via the housing, but via the Heat conduction mechanism releases heat to the environment so that they z. B. directly as an immersion body in the manner of a immersion heater or an aquarium heater in a liquid can. Because the heat is transported via heat conduction and not via Radiation occurs, the new heater with a lower Temperature difference between the heating element and the surrounding one Liquid get along, so here is a much greater security compared to burns, as in the aforementioned Heaters.
  • the measure of the clamping device according to the invention is on the one hand advantageous in terms of easy assembly, guaranteed but also a good heat transfer from the Heating ceramics on the sheets.
  • the distance between the sheets is not exclusive is determined by the thickness of the heating ceramic, because depending on How the two sheets are folded can have larger gaps made between the sheets, including PTC heating elements used with other dimensions, which is not just a better one electrical insulation between them but also allows increases flexibility in use. It also makes it easier thereby the assembly, since the receptacle can be designed in this way can that the heating element can not be lost.
  • the area protruding according to the invention is thereby advantageous for heat conduction from the heating element over the appropriate sheet metal taken care of outside.
  • the heating ceramics used consist of mixtures Metal oxides, made of semiconducting, sintered materials that the Heating ceramics have a high positive temperature coefficient to lend.
  • Such heating ceramics are in DIN 44081 and 44082 described in the range of their nominal response temperature a strong increase in resistance with increasing Have temperature. It is a security element that cannot overheat due to the design and where no overcurrent consumption is possible.
  • the temperature and the current regulate itself at constant voltage the temperature coefficient. As the temperature increases the resistance of the heating ceramic, so that at constant applied voltage, the ohmic values converted into heat Losses decrease. The heating ceramic is against Heat dissipation cooled, so the resistance and ohmic drop Losses increase again, heating is started again.
  • the nominal response temperatures lie z. B. in the range of 60 ° C -200 ° C.
  • Such heating ceramics are neither a transformer nor a regulator required on the immersion body, the temperature becomes rather largely specified via the preselected heating ceramic itself.
  • This upper achievable temperature can be reduced of the current flowing through, however, are reduced so that the temperature can be controlled from the outside, namely via a Control device between the mains and the connecting cable too the heating element. It is in the case of aquarium heaters, for. B. no longer necessary to reach into the water for this purpose.
  • the advantage of the new heater is the combination from the use of a heating ceramic as a heating element and in the introduction of this heating element in an electrically insulating but thermally conductive housing, the z. B. made of industrial ceramics or suitable plastics can be made.
  • the advantages of the new heater are therefore in that the heat output improves to the outside and at the same time adaptability to different geometries of the Heating elements is facilitated.
  • there is also one easier assembly possible because after the sheets in the The PTC heating element can be inserted no longer fall out of what in DE-PS-29 48 592 known heater is possible when the clamping by the contact plates are not sufficient.
  • the clamping device is designed as a self-supporting carrier in which the Sheets and the heating element are inserted under tension, the sheets at least partially protrude from the support.
  • the advantage here is that a compact unit for the Manufacturing can be made, the connections for electricity and heat transfer from outside is guaranteed.
  • the clamping device from one Plastic with high temperature resistance is made.
  • the carrier is assigned a counterpart is that locked with him in such a way that the sheets and the Heating element are captive.
  • This unit can be as Prefabricated "heat form” as a semi-finished product for various heater forms be used.
  • the carrier and / or the counterpart as a connector with grooves for guidance and Recording the sheets are formed.
  • the advantage here is that only the sheets in the carrier and the counterpart are inserted, causing the between the heating element arranged between the sheets firmly between them is pinched.
  • connection lugs on the metal sheets are provided, which protrude from the connector.
  • the plug device with the received sheets and the heating element in the housing is potted, the thermal contact surface on the inside of the housing is present.
  • clamping means are provided that press the thermal contact surface against the housing.
  • the advantage here is that for a very good heat transfer is taken care of from the thermal contact surface to the housing so that very good heat conduction from the heating ceramic into the housing takes place, which then releases the heat generated to the outside.
  • the sheets are deep-drawn.
  • the Z. B. made of industrial ceramics can be in shape be formed of an ornamental stone, so that here another The advantage of the attractive appearance is that of the new heater can assume if you do it with known aquarium heaters compares.
  • the housing on the other hand, can be slightly below the aquarium sand can be hidden, the introduction clearly is easier than with the known floor heating.
  • the housing can alternatively also be in the form of a warming plate be trained to keep food warm. Because of the electrical insulation there are also none Security problems, because even spilled food or Liquids cannot get inside the new heater penetrate and there lead to a short circuit.
  • Fig. 1 is an electrical in a sectional side view Heater 10 shown according to the present invention.
  • the heater 10 includes an electrically insulating but thermally conductive housing 11, the z. B. made of industrial ceramics or is made of an appropriate plastic.
  • the housing 11 is one of the housing as a compact unit 11 independent inner heat mold 12 arranged over a Supply cable 13 is powered.
  • the supply cable 13 arrives via a z. B. with silicon sealed passage 14 into the interior of the housing 11, where it matches the internal heat mold 12 is connected.
  • the heat mold 12 is a type of plug-in device 15, which consists of a Carrier 16 and a counterpart 17, which is along one Separation line 18 are separable.
  • This connector 15 is preferably made of a heat conductive but high grade temperature-resistant plastic.
  • the housing 11 is, for. B. for clarity Lid not shown completed so that it as Dip mold 20 z. B. for heating in an aquarium or a foot bath can be introduced.
  • a receptacle 21 for Clamping means 22 in the form of a spiral spring 23 shown in FIG. 2 intended.
  • This spiral spring 23 presses in the illustration shown the connector 15 in Fig. 2 down so that the raised area 19 in good thermal contact with reaches the inside of the housing 11.
  • the plug device 15 in the housing 11 by means a potting material 24, which is a plastic, silicone, cold castable ceramic or any other casting material can be, which is thermally conductive but electrically insulating is.
  • the inner heat form 12 is above the raised area 19 and the potting material 24 in good thermally conductive contact with the interior of the housing 11, so that the heat from inside the connector 15 without much Transition losses over the outer surface 25 of the housing 11 the environment can be released.
  • Thermal transfer paste can improve the heat transfer.
  • FIG 3 shows a top view of the heat mold 12 from the figures 1 and 2, areas of the plug device 15 for better Clarity have broken away.
  • the connecting lugs 28 and 32 are both on the side as well as offset in height from each other, as this turns out a comparison of Figures 1 and 3 results.
  • the Heating element 33 is made of heating ceramic (PTC thermistor; PTC element) clamped by the on the supply cable 13, the Terminal lugs 28 and 32 and the plates 27 and 31 an electrical Electricity is conducted.
  • the heating element has a large one positive temperature coefficient and thus enables set by the nominal response temperature a given temperature without causing it to overheat or an overcurrent consumption leads, as in the introduction to the description has already been discussed in detail.
  • the heater e.g. B. used as immersion heater
  • the nominal response temperature e.g. B. 120 ° C.
  • Inattention evaporates, so the immersion heater "runs dry", there is no overheating or high current consumption, So security is taken care of.
  • To a lower temperature it is just to set as the nominal response temperature required to reduce the strength of the flowing current.
  • the upper sheet 31 has the raised area 19 which its bottom in thermally conductive contact with the heating element 33 is.
  • the raised area 19 acts with its upper side 34 as a thermal contact surface 35, via which the heating element 33 heat is released to the outside via heat conduction.
  • the lower plate 27 also has an elevation 36 on which the heating element 33 is arranged.
  • This survey 36 takes effect with the heating element 33 lying thereon from below into the Elevation 19 corresponding recess that a recording room 37 is formed for the heating element 33, as in the lateral sectional view of FIG. 4 can be seen more clearly is.
  • the heating element 33 cannot be lost in this receiving space 37 added.
  • the grooves 38 and 39 both run in the counterpart 17 and also in the support 16 in a U-shaped manner, so that the metal sheets 27, 31 and the heating element 33 received between them pushed connector 15 captive in this are included.
  • a Through opening 41 is provided for the terminal lug 32.
  • Such a through opening is also for the connecting lug 28 provided because of the location of the cut in Fig. 4 there however not recognizable.
  • insulating material 43 may be provided, as shown on the left in FIG. 4 is indicated by the heating element 33.
  • temperature controller 45 which can be used for temperature control if a lower temperature than is desired by the The nominal response temperature of the PTC heating elements is specified.
  • the temperature controller 45 acts as an over a knob 46 adjustable current limiter, which by the heating elements flowing depending on the current Position of the knob 46 is limited and so the heating the heating elements to below the nominal response temperature sets.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Appareil de chauffage électrique, en particulier sous la forme d'un plongeur (20), pour le réchauffement et/ou le maintien en température de liquides, avec au moins un élément chauffant (33), qui se réchauffe en raison d'un courant le traversant et cède de la chaleur à son environnement, le au moins un élément chauffant (33) étant fabriqué en céramique de chauffage et étant logé dans un boítier (11) thermoconducteur et électriquement isolant, avec lequel il est en liaison thermoconductrice, et l'élément chauffant (33) étant pincé entre deux tôles (27, 31) ou plaques électriquement conductrices, par lesquelles s'effectue l'arrivée de courant, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un dispositif de serrage (42) indépendant du boítier (11) et des tôles (27, 31), qui comprime les tôles (27, 31) et l'élément chauffant (33), les tôles (27, 31) étant adaptées les unes aux autres en section et étant conçues ainsi avec respectivement une proéminence (19, 36) et une cavité, en ce qu'elles forment entre elles un espace de réception (37) pour l'élément chauffant (33) et en ce qu'au moins l'une (31) des tôles (27, 31) est pourvue d'une zone (19) débordant du dispositif de serrage (42) et en relief qui fait office de surface de contact thermique (35).
  2. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de serrage (42) est conçu comme un support (16) autoporteur dans lequel les tôles (27, 31) sont introduites, les tôles (27, 31) débordant au moins en partie du support (16).
  3. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de serrage (42) est fabriqué dans une matière plastique avec une bonne résistance aux températures.
  4. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au support (16) est associée une pièce complémentaire (17) qui est emboítée avec lui de telle façon que les tôles (27, 31) et l'élément chauffant (33) sont reçus de façon imperdable.
  5. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le support (16) et/ou la pièce complémentaire (17) sont conçus comme un assemblage à emboítement (15) avec des rainures (38, 39) pour le guidage et le logement des tôles (27, 31).
  6. Appareil de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu sur les tôles (27, 31) des languettes de connexion (28, 32) qui dépassent du dispositif de serrage (42).
  7. Appareil de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé que le dispositif de serrage (42) est scellé dans le boítier (11) avec les tôles reçues (27, 31) et l'élément chauffant (33) reçu, la surface de contact de chaleur (35) touchant le boítier (11) par l'intérieur.
  8. Appareil de chauffage selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu des moyens de serrage (22) qui pressent la surface de contact thermique (35) contre le boítier (11).
  9. Appareil de chauffage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que les tôles (27, 31) sont embouties.
EP94120383A 1994-02-17 1994-12-22 Appareil de chauffage électrique Expired - Lifetime EP0668710B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4405040A DE4405040C2 (de) 1994-02-17 1994-02-17 Elektrisches Heizgerät
DE4405040 1994-02-17

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0668710A2 EP0668710A2 (fr) 1995-08-23
EP0668710A3 EP0668710A3 (fr) 1996-03-27
EP0668710B1 true EP0668710B1 (fr) 2001-09-26

Family

ID=6510467

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94120383A Expired - Lifetime EP0668710B1 (fr) 1994-02-17 1994-12-22 Appareil de chauffage électrique

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5633978A (fr)
EP (1) EP0668710B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE206272T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4405040C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2164079T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT668710E (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITVI940068A1 (it) * 1994-05-11 1994-08-11 Hydor Srl Termoriscaldatore compatto ad immersione, particolarmente per acquari.
US5828810A (en) * 1996-04-26 1998-10-27 Nine Lives, Inc. Positive temperature coefficient bar shaped immersion heater
US6054692A (en) * 1997-06-25 2000-04-25 Takehiko Hitomi Heating device, heat storing type heat generating body and protective sheet for the heating device
US20050180078A1 (en) * 2004-02-13 2005-08-18 Adams Rite Aerospace, Inc. Solenoid protection method and apparatus
US8388318B2 (en) * 2009-04-06 2013-03-05 Bristol Compressors International, Inc. Hermetic crankcase heater
GB201001999D0 (en) * 2010-02-08 2010-03-24 Haven Ltd Frost protection system for condensate drain pipe
DE102017103039B3 (de) 2017-02-15 2018-06-07 Eichenauer Heizelemente Gmbh & Co. Kg Heizeinheit zum Beheizen von Flüssigkeiten in einem Kraftfahrzeug
DE102018218667A1 (de) * 2018-10-31 2020-04-30 Mahle International Gmbh PTC-Heizmodul und ein Verfahren zum Herstellen des PTC-Heizmoduls

Family Cites Families (14)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE257534C (fr) * 1912-01-17
NL7504083A (nl) * 1975-04-07 1976-10-11 Philips Nv Zelfregelend verwarmingselement.
US4091267A (en) * 1976-07-19 1978-05-23 Texas Instruments Incorporated Self-regulating electric heater
DE2806159C3 (de) * 1978-02-14 1980-09-18 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Tauchsieder
DE3065380D1 (en) * 1979-09-28 1983-11-24 Siemens Ag Heating arrangement using a p.t.c. resistance heating element
DE2948592C2 (de) * 1979-12-03 1990-05-10 Fritz Eichenauer GmbH & Co KG, 6744 Kandel Elektrisches Widerstandsheizelement
DE2948593C2 (de) * 1979-12-03 1987-05-07 Fritz Eichenauer GmbH & Co KG, 6744 Kandel Elektrisches Widerstandsheizelement
DE3136094A1 (de) * 1980-09-19 1982-05-06 Gte Products Corp., Wilmington, Del. "tauchheizvorrichtung"
DE3048452C2 (de) * 1980-12-22 1983-08-25 Kabelwerke Reinshagen Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal Elektrische Heizvorrichtung
US4480174A (en) * 1981-09-11 1984-10-30 Acra Electric Corporation Thermostatically controlled electric compressor sump heater having self-contained thermostat
DD257534A1 (de) * 1987-02-06 1988-06-15 Elektrogeraete Ingbuero Veb Elektrisches widerstandsheizelement
US4822980A (en) * 1987-05-04 1989-04-18 Gte Products Corporation PTC heater device
FR2634090B1 (fr) * 1988-07-07 1991-05-24 Diry Andre Dispositif pour le rechauffage d'un ecoulement de liquide notamment eau ou gazole
JP2532502Y2 (ja) * 1991-02-20 1997-04-16 株式会社村田製作所 発熱ユニット

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE206272T1 (de) 2001-10-15
DE4405040A1 (de) 1995-08-24
US5633978A (en) 1997-05-27
EP0668710A2 (fr) 1995-08-23
EP0668710A3 (fr) 1996-03-27
ES2164079T3 (es) 2002-02-16
DE59409877D1 (de) 2001-10-31
DE4405040C2 (de) 1997-09-25
PT668710E (pt) 2002-03-28

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