EP0667526B1 - Procédé de contrÔle non-destructif des roues des trains - Google Patents

Procédé de contrÔle non-destructif des roues des trains Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0667526B1
EP0667526B1 EP94110696A EP94110696A EP0667526B1 EP 0667526 B1 EP0667526 B1 EP 0667526B1 EP 94110696 A EP94110696 A EP 94110696A EP 94110696 A EP94110696 A EP 94110696A EP 0667526 B1 EP0667526 B1 EP 0667526B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crack
depth
frequency
wheel
khz
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94110696A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0667526A1 (fr
Inventor
Friedhelm Dr.-Ing. Schneider
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hegenscheidt MFD GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Hegenscheidt MFD GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hegenscheidt MFD GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Hegenscheidt MFD GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0667526A1 publication Critical patent/EP0667526A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0667526B1 publication Critical patent/EP0667526B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/34—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/348—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with frequency characteristics, e.g. single frequency signals, chirp signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0422—Shear waves, transverse waves, horizontally polarised waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0425—Parallel to the surface, e.g. creep waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
    • G01N2291/269—Various geometry objects
    • G01N2291/2696—Wheels, Gears, Bearings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the non-destructive testing of railway wheels using ultrasound for cracks in the area of the wheel circumference, wherein in the wheel from a location of the wheel peripheral surface in the workpiece Rayleigh wave-forming ultrasound pulse with a first frequency is echoed, the echo of a crack results in a false echo that detects and is evaluated.
  • the crack depth is in the tread existing cracks. It decides whether a bike is still operational or not. For example, it could be set wheels that have cracks in the wheel circumference surface only from one to reprofile certain crack depths, so not at crack depths as are recognized without danger, wheel material unnecessarily due to unnecessary Reprofiling is wasted.
  • a crack is called an error, and the size of one such error is defined from the crack length and crack depth.
  • the product out Crack length and depth is the area that a crack occupies.
  • the area of a Cracks is decisive for the reflected energy, which in the StdT is a false echo is called and has the dimension Ws (watt second).
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a method of the beginning described type so that it is possible to Ultrasonic testing of railway wheels in the wheel circumference area Detect cracks that extend radially into the wheel from there and display at least their mean depth.
  • wheel circumferential surface essentially means the tread, the surface of the wheel flange and the connecting surface between them both surfaces.
  • a Rayleigh wave is generated which only at the interface, here the Interface between the tread and the air, can exist and that runs around the wheel circumference surface within the wheel body.
  • the Rayleigh wave is thus guided by the wheel circumferential surface.
  • the penetration depth of the Rayleigh wave depends on the selected frequency.
  • An ultrasound pulse with a lower frequency f1 has a greater depth of penetration than an ultrasound pulse with a comparatively higher frequency f2. If there are no cracks in the wheel circumferential surface of a wheel, the energy of the ultrasonic pulse reaches the irradiation site almost undiminished. However, if there is a crack, the ultrasonic energy is at least partially reflected. The false echo reflected by the crack can be received by a receiving device.
  • the echoes reflected from a crack are both of length and of depending on the depth of the crack. Because the energy distribution of the ultrasonic wave is only one has pronounced depth dependency, the dependence on the Crack length in the relationship between the two false echoes.
  • the determined Crack depth is compared with a predetermined crack depth and only the cracks with a greater crack depth than the specified one. This will the determination of cracks with unauthorized crack depth is considerably simplified.
  • the two ultrasound pulses of different frequencies be irradiated simultaneously or at a known time interval.
  • These ultrasonic pulses are mixed with one another by the simultaneous irradiation and are then also reflected together by existing cracks and are also received simultaneously by the receiver at the location of the irradiation.
  • each signal must be processed by filters or by a Fourier analysis and separated from one another. When the sound is transmitted at a known time interval, the signals can be received individually and evaluated as such.
  • ultrasonic pulses can each be transmitted by an assigned transmitter and received by an assigned receiver. It is also possible to transmit both ultrasonic pulses from a single transmitter and to receive them with a single receiver. It can be advantageous to excite the ultrasound signal with square-wave pulses, since these square-wave signals contain both the fundamental frequency and the third, fifth, seventh, etc. harmonic.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 The energy distribution of a Rayleigh wave is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 increasing depth of penetration shown.
  • an ultrasonic pulse 7 with a higher frequency f2 than f1 is introduced from a location 1 into the wheel circumferential surface 6 at a wheel 5, FIG. 4, the sound energy runs along the wheel circumferential surface 6 with a lower penetration depth than with ultrasonic pulse 8 with a lower frequency f1.
  • the reference symbol 2 is intended to indicate the penetration depth of the ultrasound pulse 7 of the higher frequency f2 and the reference symbol 3 is to indicate the penetration depth of the ultrasound pulse 8 with the lower frequency f1.
  • the ultrasonic pulses become tangential in the layer near the surface generated.
  • One pulse runs clockwise and one pulse runs counterclockwise Clockwise around the wheel.
  • im Clockwise ultrasound pulse can be considered.
  • the apply Considerations also when both ultrasound pulses run around the wheel.
  • a crack 4 with an assumed crack depth 9 is shown in the wheel 5. If an ultrasonic pulse 7 of high frequency f2, for example with a frequency of 1200 KHz, is now introduced, it hits the crack 4 and then a lot of energy is reflected in accordance with the energy distribution over the depth and received at location 1 where the receiver is to be located. If an ultrasound pulse 8 of low frequency f1, for example with a frequency of 400 KHz, is introduced, this also hits the crack 4. However, due to the different energy distribution, this ultrasound pulse reflects significantly less energy than from the ultrasound pulse 7. This energy of the reflecting False echoes can also be received at location 1.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Procédé de contrôle non destructif de roues de véhicules ferroviaires, à l'aide d'ultrasons, pour détecter la présence de fissures dans la zone de la face périphérique de la roue, suivant lequel on envoie dans la roue, à partir d'un endroit de la face périphérique de celle-ci, une impulsion ultrasonique à une première fréquence (f1) produisant des ondes de Rayleigh dans la pièce, et dont l'écho donne, au niveau d'une fissure, un écho de défaut qui est détecté et exploité, caractérisé en ce qu'on envoie dans la roue, dans la zone de la face périphérique de celle-ci, au moins une autre impulsion ultrasonique produisant des ondes de Rayleigh dans la pièce, chaque fois à une fréquence (f2) différente de la première, des échos de défaut générés étant reçus sous forme de quantités d'énergie réfléchies par les surfaces de la fissure, et en ce qu'on détermine le rapport de ces quantités d'énergie fissure par fissure, la valeur numérique de ce rapport étant utilisée comme valeur servant à déterminer la profondeur de la fissure, à partir des fréquences mises en jeu.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la profondeur de fissure détectée est comparée à une profondeur de fissure définie au préalable, et en ce que seules les fissures dont la profondeur est plus grande que la profondeur définie au préalable sont signalées.
  3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les deux impulsions ultrasoniques de fréquence différente sont envoyées simultanément ou avec un décalage dans le temps connu.
  4. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la première fréquence (f1) est inférieure à 1000 KHz, et la seconde fréquence (f2) est supérieure à 1000 KHz.
  5. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les deux fréquences (f1, f2) sont inférieures à 1000 KHz.
  6. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la première fréquence (f1) est de 250-450 KHz, et la seconde fréquence (f2), de 750-1350 KHz.
EP94110696A 1994-02-11 1994-07-09 Procédé de contrÔle non-destructif des roues des trains Expired - Lifetime EP0667526B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4404356 1994-02-11
DE4404356A DE4404356A1 (de) 1994-02-11 1994-02-11 Verfahren zur zerstörungsfreien Prüfung von Eisenbahnrädern

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0667526A1 EP0667526A1 (fr) 1995-08-16
EP0667526B1 true EP0667526B1 (fr) 1998-02-18

Family

ID=6510031

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94110696A Expired - Lifetime EP0667526B1 (fr) 1994-02-11 1994-07-09 Procédé de contrÔle non-destructif des roues des trains

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0667526B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4404356A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0667526T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2112448T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3130223B2 (ja) * 1994-11-18 2001-01-31 三菱電機株式会社 検出方法及び検出装置
GB9607628D0 (en) * 1996-04-12 1996-06-12 Welding Inst Method of inspecting a workpiece
ATE278588T1 (de) * 1998-07-10 2004-10-15 Leif Gronskov Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ermittlung defekter eisenbahnräder
DE19834587C1 (de) * 1998-07-31 2000-04-20 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Detektion eines Risses in einem Eisenbahnrad
DE29914616U1 (de) 1999-08-20 2000-01-13 Siemens AG, 80333 München Prüfeinrichtung für Schienenräder
DE102004018683B3 (de) * 2004-04-17 2005-09-08 Daimlerchrysler Ag Verfahren zur Qualitätsprüfung eines Werkstücks
DE102006052535B3 (de) * 2006-11-06 2008-05-15 Db Fernverkehr Ag Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Zustandes von Oberflächenschäden in Radlaufflächen von Schienenfahrzeugen
US9728016B2 (en) 2014-01-06 2017-08-08 General Electric Company Wheel monitoring system and method

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3812708A (en) * 1971-11-17 1974-05-28 Scanning Sys Inc Method and apparatus for testing wheels and defect detection in wheels
US3924454A (en) * 1973-10-24 1975-12-09 Automation Ind Inc Multi-frequency ultrasonic testing system
DE3218453C2 (de) * 1982-05-15 1984-06-20 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 8000 München Elektromagnetischer Ultraschallwandler zur zerstörungsfreien Prüfung von elektrisch leitfähigen Werkstoffen
NL8302988A (nl) * 1983-08-26 1985-03-18 Dow Chemical Nederland Werkwijze en inrichting voor het niet-destructief keuren van vaste lichamen.
DE3426182A1 (de) * 1984-07-16 1986-01-23 Horst-Artur Prof. Dr.-Ing. 5860 Iserlohn Crostack Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bestimmung von risstiefen mittels ultraschalles
US4890496A (en) * 1988-09-07 1990-01-02 Electric Power Research Institute Method and means for detection of hydrogen attack by ultrasonic wave velocity measurements

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59405275D1 (de) 1998-03-26
DK0667526T3 (da) 1998-09-28
ES2112448T3 (es) 1998-04-01
DE4404356A1 (de) 1995-08-17
EP0667526A1 (fr) 1995-08-16

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