WO2001098769A1 - Procede et dispositif pour controler une roue de chemin de fer - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour controler une roue de chemin de fer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001098769A1
WO2001098769A1 PCT/EP2001/006980 EP0106980W WO0198769A1 WO 2001098769 A1 WO2001098769 A1 WO 2001098769A1 EP 0106980 W EP0106980 W EP 0106980W WO 0198769 A1 WO0198769 A1 WO 0198769A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rail
wheel
test
railway wheel
test heads
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2001/006980
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Friedhelm Walte
Wolfgang Müller
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E. V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10052045A external-priority patent/DE10052045C2/de
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E. V. filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E. V.
Publication of WO2001098769A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001098769A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
    • G01N29/27—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by moving the material relative to a stationary sensor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
    • B61K9/12—Measuring or surveying wheel-rims
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
    • G01M17/08—Railway vehicles
    • G01M17/10—Suspensions, axles or wheels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/24—Probes
    • G01N29/2412—Probes using the magnetostrictive properties of the material to be examined, e.g. electromagnetic acoustic transducers [EMAT]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0422—Shear waves, transverse waves, horizontally polarised waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0423—Surface waves, e.g. Rayleigh waves, Love waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/056—Angular incidence, angular propagation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
    • G01N2291/106—Number of transducers one or more transducer arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
    • G01N2291/269—Various geometry objects
    • G01N2291/2696—Wheels, Gears, Bearings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for testing a railroad wheel with a tread which rests on the running surface of a rail and rolls on it.
  • Non-destructive material testing especially in the field of safety technology for railways, is a field that has gained considerably in importance, not least due to incidents such as train accidents that can be traced back to failure of wheels, for example.
  • a number of inspection methods are already known, in particular for quality control of new and inspection checks of railway wheels in operation.
  • the railway wheels of trains have to be subjected to non-destructive testing for defects, in particular for cracks or breakouts, at certain intervals.
  • the cracks can be caused, among other things, by material fatigue, by thermal stress as a result of the braking processes and by deformation processes as a result of the pressure load.
  • the periodic inspection must be carried out at short intervals, e.g. B. every three to five days.
  • the non-destructive test must be carried out quickly, ie for an entire train in about an hour.
  • DE 42 20444 A 1 discloses a method for longitudinal, transverse and oblique error testing by means of ultrasound of workpieces using the pulse-echo method. The workpiece is rotated and an ultrasonic wave is coupled into the workpiece with a circular movement of the direction of insonification.
  • the Rayleigh waves are received again by another electrodynamic converter.
  • the electrodynamic transducers are installed in the rails, spaced apart in the direction of travel of the train.
  • the railroad train rolls over the converter at low speed.
  • Another disadvantage of this technique is that the depth of penetration of the Rayleigh wave is small (a few millimeters), so that cracks with a small depth cannot be distinguished from those with a larger depth depth.
  • Another serious disadvantage of this test technique lies in the fact that the wear on the wheel tread due to increased sound attenuation has a very large influence on the propagation capacity of the Rayleigh wave. The result of this is that this test technique works very well with new bikes, with older bikes, in particular with a mileage of several 10,000 km, i.e. especially with railway bikes where cracks are increasingly to be expected, but are no longer meaningful and therefore fail ,
  • This test method uses the sound attenuation of waves polarized across the crack. Polarized ultrasound waves must therefore be generated, for which purpose, as in the first test method, electromagnetic ultrasound transducers (EMUS) are necessary. These so-called EMUS transducers do not function sufficiently reliably at the current state of the art for crack testing on railway wheels. In the latter test method, the railway wheel is rotated on a roller block with the aid of a driving wheel and the EMUS converter is moved in the radial direction.
  • the test method has the additional disadvantage that a possible crack essentially only with a radial orientation, e.g. B. with vertical alignment with respect to the running direction of the tread can be detected.
  • the object of the invention is to test a rotatable test object, in particular a railway wheel, in such a way that cracks in a larger number of positions and orientations to be expected can be detected more reliably and more quickly than with the known test methods.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method and a device for this purpose.
  • a device for testing a railroad wheel with a tread that rests on the running surface of a rail and rolls on it is further developed in that a plurality of test heads emitting and receiving ultrasonic waves in the manner of a linear array along the running surface within the rail the rail is arranged in such a way that each individual test head, when rolled over with the railroad wheel, couples ultrasonic waves through the tread into the railroad wheel and receives ultrasound waves reflected back within the railroad wheel, and that the test heads are arranged obliquely inclined to the longitudinal direction of the rail within the rail and unite with the longitudinal axis of the rail Include angle 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 90 °.
  • test heads designed as immersion technology test heads each have at least one piezo element for ultrasound generation and are arranged in a linear array which is arranged in a groove filled with coupling agent inside the rail, the length of the array preferably being at least equal to the circumference of the wheel to be tested equivalent.
  • Position detectors are also provided, which determine the position of the wheel relative to the test head array section and the speed.
  • the method according to the invention for testing a railroad wheel with a tread which rests on the running surface of a rail and rolls on it is characterized in that ultrasound waves from the rail are coupled into the railroad wheel while the Rail wheel rolls over the test heads integrated within the rail, that within the railroad wheel the injected ultrasound waves are at least partially reflected back and received by the test heads from which the ultrasound waves were emitted, that position detection of the railroad wheel is carried out and that in an evaluation unit together with the determined position data, the measuring signals of the test heads can be used for fault detection within the railway wheel.
  • test head array test head array
  • Fig. 2 cross section through Fig. 1 from the area of the point of contact between the wheel and rail and
  • FIG. 3 Three sections (Q) through alternative embodiments WAYS OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION, INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
  • FIG. 1 shows a railroad wheel 1 when the tread 2 rolls on the running surface 3 of a rail 4.
  • a number m of diving technology test heads 6 in the form of a linear array is integrated into a groove 5.
  • a subgroup 7 of the linear probe array chain is excited via an angle of attack ⁇ in such a way that an ultrasonic wave 9 is irradiated into the wheel 1 at the angle of incidence ⁇ , so that errors in the volume 10 and starting from the tread 11 - in the case of wheel tires also from the inner one Bore surface 12 - can be sonicated and reflect the ultrasound back towards the sub-group.
  • the diving technology test heads of subgroup 7 receive the reflected ultrasound and feed the measurement signals to a control and evaluation circuit 13. Via a position detection device, e.g. from light barriers 14 and a mirror 14a, the position of the wheel with respect to the starting position of the linear test head array and the lateral speed of the wheel are determined and also fed to the control and evaluation circuit.
  • a position detection device e.g. from light barriers 14 and a mirror 14a
  • the individual immersion technology probes 6 are inclined in the longitudinal direction of the rail at an angle ⁇ (see also FIG. 2), so that the ultrasound waves are irradiated obliquely into the wheel as transverse and / or longitudinal waves at an insonification angle 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 90 °. If the angle ⁇ is chosen to be 0 °, there is also vertical exposure of longitudinal waves.
  • the variable insonification angle is achieved in that, in addition to the test head P N , which sounds precisely at the contact point (P aUf ) of the wheel 1, the test heads also (PN-I, PN-2, PN-3, ⁇ PN- ⁇ ), where n depends on the diameter of the wheel.
  • the test heads (PN-I, PN-2, PN- 3 , ⁇ • ⁇ PN- ⁇ ) relate to those test heads that follow the contact point (P aUf ) in the direction of movement of wheel 1.
  • the curvature of the wheel 1 changes the angle of incidence ⁇ at the coupling means / wheel surface interface for all other activated test heads, the angle of incidence ⁇ of the transverse wave or longitudinal waves incident on the wheel also changing. This arrangement simulates a piezoelectric phased array without a complex phase delay.
  • This pivoting of the sound beam which is forced by the wheel geometry, can be used to detect defects in the entire volume of the wheel rim, on the tread, on the inside of the wheel in the case of wheel tires and in the disc of solid tires.
  • one test head is switched off and a new one is switched on, controlled by the signals from the existing position detectors.
  • the ultrasonic testing device can manage with a number of channels of (n + 1). With typical single track bikes with diameters of approx. 900 mm, n is approx. 3.
  • test heads of the linear test head array are accommodated in a groove-shaped recess 5 in the rail 4 filled with coupling agent and are protected from mechanical wear by a sufficient distance between the test head 6 and the wheel surface.
  • the position of the test specimen 6 and thus the position of the test specimens relative to the test specimen can be determined with an optical position detection device, the output signals of which are stored in the control and evaluation circuit together with the measurement signals received by the test probes, so that starting from a reference position after the execution of the Faulty locations in the test specimen can be located.
  • test head PN is directly on the contact point of the wheel the rail sounds and the other test heads PN-I to PN- ⁇ also sound towards the wheel surface at the necessary clock speed, whereby one test head, depending on the lateral speed, is switched off and another test head is switched on.
  • the longitudinal section shown in FIG. 2 from the area of the contact points between the wheel and the rail shows 8 of the m test heads 6, a subgroup 7 of four test heads with the test head numbers PN, PN-I, PN-2, PN- 3 longitudinal ultrasonic waves penetrates at an angle of attack ⁇ in the direction of the wheel surface.
  • the natural curvature of the wheel creates an insonification angle, which increases with increasing n and thus allows the sound beam to be swiveled without using an electronic time delay.
  • FIG. 3a shows a cross section Q through the section in FIG. 1.
  • a groove 5 in the rail 4 and a diving technology test head 6 can be seen which penetrates into the wheel rim of the wheel 1. The sound is parallel to the z-axis.
  • the groove 5 is filled with coupling agent.
  • FIG. 3b also shows a cross section Q through the section in FIG. 1
  • test heads 15 are now at a distance (y 0 , yi) from
  • Running circle arranged at y 0.
  • the test heads 15 sound at an insonification angle and additionally at a squint angle ⁇ in the direction of the inner and outer
  • Wheel rim end face 16 to detect defects in area 17.
  • test heads 15 are exposed at a squint angle ⁇ in such a way that defects in the areas 18 (inner and outer end face) can be detected. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif permettant de contrôler la roue d'un chemin de fer (1) comportant une surface de roulement (2) située sur la surface de contact (3) d'un rail et roulant dessus. L'invention se caractérise en ce qu'il est prévu dans la zone de la surface de contact (3), à l'intérieur du rail, une pluralité de palpeurs (6) émettant et recevant des ondes ultrasonores et disposés sous forme de réseau linéaire le long du rail, de sorte que chaque palpeur injecte des ondes ultrasonores dans la roue de chemin de fer par l'intermédiaire de la surface de roulement, lorsque ladite roue de chemin de fer passe dessus et reçoive des ondes ultrasonores rétroréfléchis dans la roue de chemin de fer. Les palpeurs sont disposées le long du sens longitudinal du rail, inclinés de manière oblique dans le rail et forment un angle (a) avec l'axe longitudinal du rail.
PCT/EP2001/006980 2000-06-20 2001-06-20 Procede et dispositif pour controler une roue de chemin de fer WO2001098769A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10030133.9 2000-06-20
DE10030133 2000-06-20
DE10052045A DE10052045C2 (de) 2000-06-20 2000-10-20 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Prüfung eines Eisenbahnrades
DE10052045.6 2000-10-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001098769A1 true WO2001098769A1 (fr) 2001-12-27

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PCT/EP2001/006980 WO2001098769A1 (fr) 2000-06-20 2001-06-20 Procede et dispositif pour controler une roue de chemin de fer

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006031774A3 (fr) * 2004-09-11 2006-06-01 Gen Electric Appareil et procede de detection de rails
CN102564363A (zh) * 2011-12-23 2012-07-11 哈尔滨工业大学 高速列车车轮踏面缺陷检测的多探头电磁超声检测装置及其检测方法
CN104964834A (zh) * 2015-07-02 2015-10-07 常州市常超电子研究所有限公司 高铁轮辋自动检测液浸探头
CN105067290A (zh) * 2015-07-16 2015-11-18 常州市常超电子研究所有限公司 高铁轮辋水膜接触法探头
EA023217B1 (ru) * 2011-07-19 2016-05-31 Амстед Рэйл Компани, Инк. Стенд для ультразвуковой дефектоскопии железнодорожных колес
CN107036541A (zh) * 2017-04-21 2017-08-11 南京理工大学 传感器直线倾斜安装的有轨电车轮径在线检测装置及方法
CN107084670A (zh) * 2017-04-21 2017-08-22 南京理工大学 传感器圆弧法线安装的有轨电车轮径在线检测装置及方法
CN107117188A (zh) * 2017-04-21 2017-09-01 南京理工大学 传感器直线垂直安装的有轨电车轮径在线检测装置及方法
CN107128330A (zh) * 2017-04-21 2017-09-05 南京理工大学 传感器圆弧垂直安装的有轨电车轮径在线检测装置及方法
CN107139968A (zh) * 2017-04-21 2017-09-08 南京理工大学 基于激光位移传感器的车轮不圆度检测装置及方法
CN107200041A (zh) * 2017-04-21 2017-09-26 南京理工大学 基于列阵激光的有轨电车车轮不圆度在线检测装置及方法
CN110672722A (zh) * 2019-11-07 2020-01-10 山东省科学院激光研究所 基于电磁超声的机车车轮踏面缺陷在线检测系统及方法
US20210223210A1 (en) * 2017-10-12 2021-07-22 GE Oil & Gas, LLC Ultrasonic testing inspection with coupling validation
CN114577497A (zh) * 2022-03-15 2022-06-03 南京拓控信息科技股份有限公司 一种铁路车轮故障在线探伤系统快速安装方法

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US3251220A (en) * 1962-06-27 1966-05-17 Chemetron Corp Apparatus for ultrasonic flaw testing
WO2000005577A1 (fr) * 1998-07-22 2000-02-03 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Dispositif d'essai ultrasonique

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3251220A (en) * 1962-06-27 1966-05-17 Chemetron Corp Apparatus for ultrasonic flaw testing
WO2000005577A1 (fr) * 1998-07-22 2000-02-03 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Dispositif d'essai ultrasonique

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006031774A3 (fr) * 2004-09-11 2006-06-01 Gen Electric Appareil et procede de detection de rails
US8305567B2 (en) 2004-09-11 2012-11-06 Progress Rail Services Corp Rail sensing apparatus and method
EA023217B1 (ru) * 2011-07-19 2016-05-31 Амстед Рэйл Компани, Инк. Стенд для ультразвуковой дефектоскопии железнодорожных колес
CN102564363A (zh) * 2011-12-23 2012-07-11 哈尔滨工业大学 高速列车车轮踏面缺陷检测的多探头电磁超声检测装置及其检测方法
CN104964834A (zh) * 2015-07-02 2015-10-07 常州市常超电子研究所有限公司 高铁轮辋自动检测液浸探头
CN105067290A (zh) * 2015-07-16 2015-11-18 常州市常超电子研究所有限公司 高铁轮辋水膜接触法探头
CN107117188A (zh) * 2017-04-21 2017-09-01 南京理工大学 传感器直线垂直安装的有轨电车轮径在线检测装置及方法
CN107084670A (zh) * 2017-04-21 2017-08-22 南京理工大学 传感器圆弧法线安装的有轨电车轮径在线检测装置及方法
CN107036541A (zh) * 2017-04-21 2017-08-11 南京理工大学 传感器直线倾斜安装的有轨电车轮径在线检测装置及方法
CN107128330A (zh) * 2017-04-21 2017-09-05 南京理工大学 传感器圆弧垂直安装的有轨电车轮径在线检测装置及方法
CN107139968A (zh) * 2017-04-21 2017-09-08 南京理工大学 基于激光位移传感器的车轮不圆度检测装置及方法
CN107200041A (zh) * 2017-04-21 2017-09-26 南京理工大学 基于列阵激光的有轨电车车轮不圆度在线检测装置及方法
CN107200041B (zh) * 2017-04-21 2019-03-05 南京理工大学 基于列阵激光的有轨电车车轮不圆度在线检测装置及方法
CN107084670B (zh) * 2017-04-21 2019-06-25 南京理工大学 传感器圆弧法线安装的有轨电车轮径在线检测装置及方法
CN107036541B (zh) * 2017-04-21 2019-09-13 南京理工大学 传感器直线倾斜安装的有轨电车轮径在线检测装置及方法
US20210223210A1 (en) * 2017-10-12 2021-07-22 GE Oil & Gas, LLC Ultrasonic testing inspection with coupling validation
CN110672722A (zh) * 2019-11-07 2020-01-10 山东省科学院激光研究所 基于电磁超声的机车车轮踏面缺陷在线检测系统及方法
CN110672722B (zh) * 2019-11-07 2022-08-05 山东泰威声电信息技术有限公司 基于电磁超声的机车车轮踏面缺陷在线检测系统及方法
CN114577497A (zh) * 2022-03-15 2022-06-03 南京拓控信息科技股份有限公司 一种铁路车轮故障在线探伤系统快速安装方法

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