EP0659100B1 - Abstützungsplatte für schuhe auf skis - Google Patents

Abstützungsplatte für schuhe auf skis Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0659100B1
EP0659100B1 EP93914820A EP93914820A EP0659100B1 EP 0659100 B1 EP0659100 B1 EP 0659100B1 EP 93914820 A EP93914820 A EP 93914820A EP 93914820 A EP93914820 A EP 93914820A EP 0659100 B1 EP0659100 B1 EP 0659100B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support plate
cursor
ski
support
slide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93914820A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0659100A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Desarmaux
Jean-François Merino
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Salomon SAS
Original Assignee
Salomon SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Salomon SAS filed Critical Salomon SAS
Publication of EP0659100A1 publication Critical patent/EP0659100A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0659100B1 publication Critical patent/EP0659100B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C7/00—Devices preventing skis from slipping back; Ski-stoppers or ski-brakes
    • A63C7/10—Hinged stoppage blades attachable to the skis in such manner that these blades can be moved out of the operative position
    • A63C7/1006—Ski-stoppers
    • A63C7/1013—Ski-stoppers actuated by the boot
    • A63C7/102—Ski-stoppers actuated by the boot articulated about one transverse axis
    • A63C7/1026—Ski-stoppers actuated by the boot articulated about one transverse axis laterally retractable above the ski surface
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C9/00—Ski bindings
    • A63C9/001—Anti-friction devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for supporting a boot on a ski.
  • the invention relates to a support device on which one end of the shoe rests, and which moreover has damping qualities in response to the vertical stresses that the shoe transmits to it.
  • Such support devices are generally associated by a fastening element which retains the end of the shoe.
  • This element is either a front fixing element or a rear fixing element.
  • support devices made up of a support plate which rests directly on the upper surface of the ski. Such devices have no damping quality.
  • the boot is then in direct connection with the ski, both for the vertical stresses which pass between the boot and the ski, as well as for the transverse stresses, in particular when taking edges and when cornering.
  • a support device for one end of the shoe which comprises a support plate movable by rotation about an axis horizontal and transverse.
  • a block of compressible material is also interposed between the support plate and the upper surface of the ski.
  • Such a support plate can oscillate in a vertical direction, causing the compression of the damping block. It thus absorbs the vertical stresses which pass between the boot and the ski.
  • the transverse stresses pass without damping between the boot and the ski, since the hinge axis of the support plate prevents any rolling movement of the support plate relative to the ski.
  • Such a device improves the comfort of the skier, without detracting from the precision in driving the ski.
  • One of the aims of the present invention is therefore to propose a support device for which the amplitude of the damping movement of the support plate can be easily adjusted.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a support device whose construction is particularly simple.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a support device which contributes to the comfort of the skier, while preserving the precision in driving the ski.
  • the support device comprises a support plate with a support surface of reduced dimensions for supporting a part of the shoe sole, means for making the support plate mobile, which guide the movement of the plate. support in a vertical direction and limit its movement at a predetermined maximum altitude relative to the upper surface of the ski. It also comprises an elastically compressible block interposed between the support plate and the upper surface of the ski, which compresses during the downward movement of the movable plate and which resiliently recalls it towards its maximum altitude. It is characterized by the fact that it also comprises a movable cursor which acts on the support plate to limit its movement in an adjustable manner.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a rear fastening element equipped with a support device according to a first non-limiting implementation of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the slide and its trim piece.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic side view, in partial section, which illustrates the relative arrangement of the various elements.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the support plate.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the cursor that equips the support device.
  • Figures 6 and 7 are alternative embodiments of the cursor teeth.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic side view, and in partial section, which illustrates the operation of the device.
  • FIG. 1 represents a rear fastening element 1, with a retaining jaw 2 carried by a body 3.
  • the body is slidably mounted along a slender base 4 secured to the ski.
  • the base 4 comprises an elongate slide 5, along which the body 3 is slidably mounted.
  • the slide is made of any suitable material, including metal.
  • the slide extends forwards by a base plate 6 which, in the illustrated embodiment, is located below relative to the slide 5.
  • the base plate 6 and the slide 5 are connected by an inclined panel 7 , which has in its central part an opening or window 8 of rectangular shape, the role of which will be explained later.
  • the base 4 also has a covering piece 10, which envelops the slide and the base plate 6 on the underside and on the sides.
  • the covering part 10 has under the slide 5 a slender rib which fills the space left free between the slide 5 and the upper surface of the ski, due to the elevation of the slide 5 relative to the base plate. 6.
  • the covering piece 10 Towards the front of the slide 5, the covering piece 10 deviates appreciably from the contour of the slide 5 to form a space 11 opening out towards the front, the role of which will be described later.
  • the covering piece is made of any suitable material, in particular plastic.
  • the base 4 has holes 12 for assembling the ski binding element by means of screws.
  • the base 4 could be made in any other appropriate way, for example it could be made in one piece, in a synthetic material loaded with fibers. Also. the ski binding could be assembled other than by screws.
  • the covering also includes an element 13 which is attached to the front of the base.
  • the fastening element 1 also has a support device 15, which is intended to provide support for the rear end of the shoe sole.
  • the support device 15 comprises a support plate 16, with, in its upper part, a support surface 17 of reduced dimensions for locally supporting the rear part of the shoe sole.
  • the bearing surface 17 is slightly curved upwards viewed from the side.
  • the support plate 16 is movable in a vertical direction, on the other hand its roll movement relative to the ski is hampered.
  • the support plate 16 is rotatable around a horizontal and transverse articulation axis 18, which is carried by the front part of the base plate 6.
  • the base plate 6 has in its front part two lateral ears 19 which carry the axis 18.
  • a means also makes it possible to limit the amplitude of the movement of the support plate 16 with respect to the base plate 6.
  • the support plate 16 presents towards the rear, on the free edge, a tongue 20 projecting horizontally.
  • the tongue is intended to penetrate into the window 8 presented by the inclined face 7 of the base 4.
  • the height of the window 8 therefore determines with the tongue 20 the maximum altitude at which the support plate 16 can rise .
  • the support plate 16 also constitutes the brake housing 22 which equips the rear fixing element 1.
  • This brake 22 is of any suitable type, and it will not be described in detail. In known manner, it has brake arms 23, and an actuation pedal 24.
  • the support plate 16 constitutes a rotation bearing for the brake arms 23. The brake is therefore mobile with the oscillating movements of plate 16.
  • a block of elastically compressible material 25 is also interposed between the support plate 16 and the base plate 6.
  • the thickness of this block 25 is determined so that in the absence of a shoe, the plate support 16 is maintained at its maximum altitude, that is to say with the tongue 20 in abutment in the upper part of window 8.
  • the block 25 is of any suitable type, and of any suitable stiffness, depending on the type of damping desired.
  • this block can be of the visco-elastic type, that is to say have a variable stiffness dynamically as a function of the speed at which it is stressed in compression.
  • the movement of the support plate 16 is limited downwards by the base plate 6 and the block 25 in its state of maximum compression. This is not limiting, and the base plate 6 could be fitted with a frank stop to limit the downward movement of the support plate 16.
  • the support plate When skiing, depending on the demands of the skier, the support plate can rise or fall by about 2 millimeters from its median position, the block 25 acting as a shock absorber. In these different movements, the jaw of the binding accompanies the shoe sole and exerts on it an elastic downward stress which adds to the weight of the skier.
  • the support device also has a movable cursor 28 which makes it possible to control the movement of the support plate 16 during skiing.
  • the cursor 28 which equips the fixing element 1 is shown more particularly in perspective in FIG. 5. Seen from the front, it generally has a U shape, with a bottom 29, and two lateral wings 30 and 31. The bottom 29 and the wings 30 and 31 have dimensions such that the slider 28 is movable in the space 11 located between the slide 5 and the trim piece 10, around the front part of the slide 5.
  • the wings 30 and 31 have moreover a pusher 32 and 33, slightly thicker upwards and outwards.
  • the pushers 32 and 33 are accessible from either side of the covering part 10, through openings 34 and 35 that the covering part 10 presents towards the front part of the slide 5.
  • the openings 34 and 35 have a length greater than the length of the pushers 32 and 33, to allow a longitudinal movement of the cursor 28.
  • the cursor 28 can be grasped by a pinching action between the thumb and the index finger of a user, and thus be driven forward or backward of the fastener.
  • the lateral wings 30 and 31 are extended forward, and downward by teeth 38, 39.
  • These teeth 38 and 39 have appropriate dimensions, and an appropriate position, to come to engage under the support plate 16 in the advanced position of the cursor 28, and to disengage from the support plate 16 in the retracted position of the cursor 28.
  • the support plate 16 has support pads 40 and 41 towards the rear which are intended to come to bear on the teeth 38 and 39 when the cursor 28 is in the advanced position.
  • FIG. 3 represents the cursor 28 in its retracted position. In this position, the teeth 38 and 39 are set back relative to the support plate 16, and the latter can oscillate between its maximum altitude and its minimum altitude, in response to the stresses on the shoe, and against the restoring force. upwards induced by the block 25.
  • FIG. 6 also represents the cursor 28 in its advanced position. In this position, the teeth 38 and 39 limit the downward movement of the support plate 16. Depending on the height of the teeth 38 and 39, the movement of the support plate 16 can be adjusted to a variable value.
  • the cursor is made of any suitable material, for example metal or plastic.
  • the teeth can be coated with a metal jumper which strengthens their structure.
  • the cursor 28 is engaged in the space 11 by the front of the covering part 10.
  • the pushers 32 and 33 are in abutment against the walls of the openings 34 and 35.
  • the bottom 29 of the cursor is in abutment against a shoulder which the covering piece 10 presents.
  • the teeth 38 and 39 have a horizontal upper surface.
  • FIG. 6 represents a tooth 45, with a stepped upper surface 46.
  • FIG. 7 represents a tooth 47, with an inclined upper surface 48.
  • the cursor could be equipped with any suitable means to ensure its stability in the different positions it occupies, in particular the advanced position and the retracted position.

Landscapes

  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Abstützvorrichtung für einen Schuh auf einem Ski, dessen Enden durch ein vorderes Bindungselement und ein hinteres Bindungselement gehalten sind, die eine Abstützplatte (16) mit einer Abstützoberfläche (17) mit reduzierten Ausmaßen aufweist, um einen Teil der Sohle des Schuhes zu tragen, Einrichtungen (18), um die Abstützplatte beweglich zu machen, die die Bewegung der Abstützplatte (16) gemäß einer vertikalen Richtung führen, und Einrichtungen (20, 8), die ihre Verschiebung auf eine maximale vorbestimmte Höhe bezüglich der oberen Oberfläche des Ski beschränken, und die außerdem einen elastisch komprimierbaren Block (25) aufweist, der zwischen die Abstützplatte und die obere Oberfläche des Ski zwischengelegt ist und sich bei den Bewegungen in Richtung nach unten der beweglichen Platte komprimiert und sie elastisch in Richtung ihrer maximalen Höhe zurückholt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie außerdem einen beweglichen Schieber (28) aufweist, der auf die Abstützplatte (16) wirkt, um ihren Ausschlag auf regelbare Weise zu begrenzen.
  2. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abstützplatte (16) an dem Ski um eine transversale und horizontale Achse (18) angelenkt ist, die bezüglich dem Ski auf der Ebene eines seiner vorderen oder hinteren Ränder fest ist, daß der andere Rand transversal zur Abstützplatte frei ist und daß der Schieber (28) auf diesen anderen Rand wirkt.
  3. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schieber (28) beweglich gemäß einer longitudinalen Richtung ist, und daß er zumindest einen Zahn (38, 39) aufweist, der dazu geeignet ist unter den freien Rand der Abstützplatte (16) einzugreifen.
  4. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abstützplatte (16) auf ihrem hinteren Rand eine Zunge (20) aufweist, die mit einem Fenster (8) zusammenwirkt, das fest bezüglich dem Ski ist, um zumindest in Richtung nach oben die Bewegung der Abstützplatte zu begrenzen.
  5. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1 für eine Abstützplatte (16), die einem Bindungselement (1) zugeordnet ist, das an dem Ski mittels einer Basis (4) montiert ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Basis (4) ein Führungseinrichtung für den Schieber (28) gemäß der longitudinalen Richtung aufweist, die durch den Ski definiert ist.
  6. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1 für eine Abstützplatte (16), die einem Bindungselement (1) zugeordnet ist, das mittels einer Basis (4) an dem Ski montiert ist, die eine Gleitschiene (5) aufweist, die durch ein Verkleidungselement (10) umhüllt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Führungsraum zwischen der Gleitschiene (5) und dem Verkleidungselement (10) für den Schieber (28) vorgesehen ist.
  7. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schieber (28) auf jeder Seite des Bindungselementes (1) eine bewegliche Drückvorrichtung (32, 33) gemäß einer longitudinalen Richtung aufweist, deren Verschiebung mit der Verschiebung des Schiebers verbunden ist.
  8. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 7 für ein hinteres Bindungselement, das einen Körper (3) aufweist, der gleitend längs einer Gleitschiene (5) montiert ist, wobei die Gleitschiene (5) durch ein Verkleidungselement (10) umhüllt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gleitschiene (5) sich in Richtung nach vorne durch eine Basisplatte (6) verlängert, daß die Abstützplatte (16) mit der Basisplatte (6) durch ihren vorderen Rand um eine transversale Achse (18) verbunden ist, daß der hintere Rand der Abstützplatte beweglich ist, daß der Schieher (28) von vorne gesehen eine Form eines U aufweist, dessen vertikale Zweige (30, 31) zwischen der Gleitschiene und dem Verkleidungselement geführt sind und auf die über seitliche Öffnungen (34, 35) des Verkleidungselementes (10) zugegriffen werden kann; daß der Schieber in Richtung nach vorne zwei laterale Zähne (38, 39) aufweist, die beweglich mit dem Schieber zwischen zwei extremen Positionen sind, einer Position, in der sie von dem beweglichen Rand der Abstützplatte (16) freigeben sind, und einer Position, in der sie in Eingriff unter der Abstützplatte (16) sind und ihren Ausschlag begrenzen.
  9. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schieber (28) Zähne (45) aufweist, deren oberer Abstützabschnitt (46) mehrstufig ist.
  10. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schieber (28) Zähne (47) aufweist, deren oberer Abstützabschnitt (48) bezüglich der Horizontalen geneigt ist.
EP93914820A 1992-09-10 1993-07-06 Abstützungsplatte für schuhe auf skis Expired - Lifetime EP0659100B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9211003A FR2695323B1 (fr) 1992-09-10 1992-09-10 Dispositif d'appui d'une chaussure sur un ski.
FR9211003 1992-09-10
PCT/FR1993/000696 WO1994005383A1 (fr) 1992-09-10 1993-07-06 Dispositif d'appui d'une chaussure sur un ski

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0659100A1 EP0659100A1 (de) 1995-06-28
EP0659100B1 true EP0659100B1 (de) 1996-02-21

Family

ID=9433536

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93914820A Expired - Lifetime EP0659100B1 (de) 1992-09-10 1993-07-06 Abstützungsplatte für schuhe auf skis

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0659100B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH08501229A (de)
AT (1) ATE134315T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69301609T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2695323B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1994005383A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2974515B1 (fr) 2011-04-27 2013-04-26 Rossignol Sa Talonniere de fixation de securite pour ski alpin

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3945656A (en) * 1975-05-15 1976-03-23 Rohlin William F Ski binding
FR2523857A1 (fr) * 1982-03-25 1983-09-30 Salomon & Fils F Fixation de securite pour ski
FR2655867B1 (fr) * 1989-12-18 1993-04-30 Salomon Sa Fixation de securite de ski alpin.
FR2655868B1 (fr) * 1989-12-18 1992-11-27 Salomon Sa Fixation de securite de ski alpin.
FR2666022A1 (fr) * 1990-08-22 1992-02-28 Salomon Sa Dispositif d'appui d'une chaussure sur un ski.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2695323B1 (fr) 1994-11-04
DE69301609D1 (de) 1996-03-28
DE69301609T2 (de) 1996-08-29
WO1994005383A1 (fr) 1994-03-17
EP0659100A1 (de) 1995-06-28
JPH08501229A (ja) 1996-02-13
ATE134315T1 (de) 1996-03-15
FR2695323A1 (fr) 1994-03-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0564767B1 (de) Vorrichtung zwischen Ski und Bindung, insbesondere Alpin-Bindung
EP0556610B1 (de) Vorrichtung zum Verändern der natürlichen Druckverteilung eines Skis auf seine Gleitfläche
EP0626873B1 (de) Vorrichtung zum verändern der natürlichen druckverteilung eines skis auf seine gleitfläche und skibremse
EP0624113A1 (de) Vorrichtung zum verändern der natürlichen druckverteilung eines skis auf einer gleitfläche.
EP0617638B1 (de) Einrichtung zur druckverteilung eines schis auf der gleitläche
EP0933100B1 (de) Bindung für einen Schuh an einem Snowboard
EP1108450B1 (de) Vorrichtung zur Halterung eines Schuhs auf einem Gleitbrett
EP0183586A1 (de) Vorrichtung zwischen Skischuh und Ski zur Befestigung miteinander
FR2713945A1 (fr) Dispositif interface entre un ski et des éléments de fixation.
EP0659100B1 (de) Abstützungsplatte für schuhe auf skis
EP0599041B1 (de) Trägerplatte zwischen Ski und Bindung
EP0505463A1 (de) Sicherheitsskibindung.
EP0506064A1 (de) Zwischenliegende Platte für Alpine Sicherheitsskibindung
EP0623370A1 (de) Trägerplatte zwischen Ski und Bindung
EP0667174B1 (de) Sicherheitsbindung für Skier mit Ausgleichsvorrichtung
EP0602350B1 (de) Vorrichtung zwischen Ski und Bindung
FR2655867A1 (fr) Fixation de securite de ski alpin.
EP0700699B1 (de) Skibindung
EP0688586B1 (de) Bindungsteil, insbesondere Skibindungsteil
FR2684016A1 (fr) Element de fixation de securite de ski alpin.
FR2800623A1 (fr) Dispositif interface entre un ski et des elements de retenue d'une chaussure sur le ski et ski ainsi equipe
FR2668941A1 (fr) Fixation de securite de ski alpin.
EP0678314B1 (de) Skibindung
EP2465588B1 (de) Montagevorrichtung auf einem Ski für die Elemente einer Sicherheitsskibindung
FR2796300A1 (fr) Dispositif interface entre un ski et des elements de retenue de la chaussure sur le ski

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19950209

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT CH DE IT LI

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19950711

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT CH DE IT LI

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 19960221

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 134315

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19960315

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69301609

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19960328

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: CABINET ROLAND NITHARDT CONSEILS EN PROPRIETE INDU

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19960621

Year of fee payment: 4

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19960821

Year of fee payment: 4

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19960826

Year of fee payment: 4

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970706

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970731

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19970731

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19980401