Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
  • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
  • A63C5/06—Skis or snowboards with special devices thereon, e.g. steering devices
  • A63C5/07—Skis or snowboards with special devices thereon, e.g. steering devices comprising means for adjusting stiffness
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
  • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
  • A63C5/03—Mono skis; Snowboards
  • A63C5/033—Devices for enabling the use of a normal ski as mono-ski, e.g. platforms fixed on the ski for supporting the ski boots side-by-side
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
  • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
  • A63C5/06—Skis or snowboards with special devices thereon, e.g. steering devices
  • A63C5/075—Vibration dampers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
  • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
  • A63C9/00—Ski bindings

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for distributing the pressure of a ski, such as in particular an alpine ski, over its sliding surface.
• the invention also relates to a set of front and rear alpine ski binding elements, as well as an alpine ski, equipped with such a device.
• the skis which are used for the practice of alpine skiing consist of relatively long boards, on which the skier's shoes are retained by front and rear fastening elements.
• the boot and the binding elements are located approximately in the middle region of the ski, which is commonly called the skate.
• the skis have in themselves, at rest, a natural camber, by which the skate is raised naturally relative to the front end of the ski, or tip, and the rear end of the ski, or heel.
• the skis have flexibility, which is due to their internal structure. When skiing, I ski deforms elastically in response to the various stresses to which it is subjected on the part of the skier, but also on the part of the terrain on which it slides.
• the main stress to which the ski is subjected is constituted by the weight of the skier, and by the reaction to which the sliding surface subjects the ski.
• the ski is also stressed by the binding elements. It is indeed known that the fastening elements pinch the shoe in a longitudinal direction. The reaction to this pinching action is transmitted by the binding elements to the ski. This reaction, however, has a different nature depending on the method of assembling the rear binding element to the ski. Indeed, some rear binding elements are assembled directly to the ski, while others are assembled to the front binding element by an inextensible link, such as a metal blade which extends under the boot.
• Skiing is also influenced by the position of the skier over his boots, depending on whether he carries his weight forward or backward.
• the behavior of the ski on snow can be modified, in particular its ease of initiation when cornering, its quality of driving when cornering or in a straight line, by influencing the camber of the ski, or even by playing on the longitudinal distribution of the ski pressure on the snow.
• this pressure distribution it is known that one can make the ski more or less pivoting or more or less guiding, that is to say that one can promote its ability to turn easily, and to have great driving stability.
• the pressure distribution of the ski on the snow is mainly determined by the internal structure of the ski, and by the method of assembly of the binding elements to the ski, that is to say with or without connecting blade between the front and rear elements.
• the pressure distribution can also be influenced by the intensity of thrust given to the recoil springs which determines the toe-in of the shoe between its fastening elements.
• European patent application No. 183,586 describes a blade of material elastic spring blade type attached above the ski, between the binding elements and the ski. This blade has, at its front and rear ends, sliders through which vertically passes part of the forces to which the ski is subjected.
• This device however has the disadvantage of having modest performance for a large size. It is suitable for the case where both feet of the skier are in support for the same ski, to avoid that the whole weight of the skier is concentrated in the skate area. On the other hand, it is ill-suited in the case of a pair of traditional skis.
• One of the aims of the invention is to propose a device which makes it possible to modify, dynamically, the pressure distribution of a ski on its sliding surface, that is to say which takes account, during the glide, the position of the skier on his skis, and the vertical pushing effort due to the skier on his skis.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a device which also gives the shoe a suspension effect during gliding.
• Another object of the invention is to propose a device which makes it possible to compensate for momentary increases in the pressure that a part of the ski exerts on snow, by transferring this additional pressure to another part of the ski.
• Another object of the invention is to provide a device which also has damping qualities at the ends of the ski for vertical vibrations.
• the device according to the invention aims to modify the pressure distribution of a ski such as in particular an alpine ski on its sliding surface.
• the ski is equipped with at least one fastening element intended to retain a boot bearing on the ski in its central area of the skate, and at least one bearing element on which the shoe sole rests.
• Said ski also comprises a lower base, the front end of which is raised to form the tip, and a stiffening blade which extends freely above the base in its central part, and the two ends of which are linked to the base in front and behind the skate area.
• the device according to the invention is characterized in that it also comprises: a feeler member in contact with the shoe sole, capable of sensing the vertical stresses of at least part of the shoe sole,
• Figure 1 is a general side view of a ski equipped with front and rear fixing elements, e of a device according to a non-limiting implementation of the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a top view of the ski shown in FIG. 1.
• Figure 3 shows, in side view and in partial section, the ski of Figure 1 in the skate area.
• FIG. 4 represents, in side view, and in partial section, the front part of the ski of FIG. 1.
• FIG. 5 is a top view, in partial section, through a horizontal plane of the device represented in FIG. 4.
• Figure 6 shows in perspective the base which supports the rear fixing element.
• Figure 7 is an exploded perspective view at the probe and connecting means which are located under the probe.
• Figure 8 is a side view in partial section at the rear fastening element, in its rest position.
• Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 8, the probe being biased vertically downwards.
• Figure 10 shows, in side view, and in partial section, the two parts of the front batten in their rest position.
• Figure 11 shows these two parts in a working position.
• Figure 12 is a top view of these two parts in the working position.
• Figure 13 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the device shown in the previous figure.
• FIG. 14 is a partial exploded perspective view at the level of the probe and of the connection means under the probe for the device represented in FIG. 13.
• FIGS 15 and 16 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the previous embodiment.
• FIGS 17 to 19 illustrate alternative embodiments of the connecting means between the probe and the stiffeners.
• FIG. 1 there is shown, to illustrate the invention, a ski 1 which is equipped in particular with a front fixing element 2, and a rear fixing element 3. These two fixing elements 2 e 3 are intended to retain the front and rear ends of a boot on the ski.
• the ski 1 is composed of two elements, a lower base 4, and an upper stiffening blade 5
• the lower base 4 has an elongated shape, and it is it which is in contact with the snow. So front end 6 is raised to form the ski tip. Its rear end 7 constitutes the talo ski.
• the fastening elements 2 and 3 are secured to the base in its central zone 8, which is also called the shoe.
• the stiffening blade 5 also has an elongated shape, and it extends above the base 4. According to FIG. 2, the width of the stiffening blade 5 is constant and less than that of the base 4. This is not limiting, and the stiffening blade 5 could have a variable width over its length. The thickness of the stiffening blade 5 can also be variable over the length of this blade, and in the figures, the thickness of the stiffening blade 5 is reduced in the area of the shoe. This is also not limiting.
• the stiffening blade is made of any suitable material capable of transmitting a compression stress over its length.
• the material of the blade is chosen so that the blade also has elasticity in bending in a vertical plane.
• it is made of composite material possibly loaded with fibers.
• the stiffening blade 5 extends above the base 4, from an area which is located in the front part of the ski, that is to say between the tip 6 and the shoe 8, up to a zone located in the rear part of the ski, that is to say between the heel 7 and the shoe 8.
• the stiffening blade 5 extends freely above the base in its central zone, and it is secured to the base 4 at its ends.
• the stiffening blade 5 is secured, at its front end 10 and its rear end 12, to the upper surface of the base 4, these areas being located approximately at the front quarter and the rear quarter of the ski.
• the ends of the blade 5 are secured to the base 4 by any suitable means, for example by screwing, gluing or welding. They can also be secured by end caps linked to the base against which they abut. Also, a layer of material having damping characteristics can be interposed between the ends of the stiffening blade and the upper surface of the base.
• the front 2 and rear 3 fastening elements are integrally connected to the base 4 of the ski.
• Figures 3 to 5 show that the front fastening element 2 is mounted on a base plate 13, which has in cross section a shape of jumper.
• This base plate 13 overlaps the stiffening blade 5, it rests on the upper surface of the base 4 by its lateral edges.
• the base plate 13 has, in its lower part, a longitudinal recess 17 inside which the stiffening blade 5 can slide freely in a longitudinal direction.
• screws 18 secure the front fixing element 2 and the base plate 13 to the base. Any other suitable means, however, may also be suitable.
• FIGS. 3 and 6 also show that the rear binding element 3 is mounted on the ski by means of a base plate 14 which is secured to the base 4 by any appropriate means, and in the example illustrated, by screws 20 located on the lateral edges of the base plate.
• the rear base plate 14 has a longitudinal recess 21 inside which the stiffening blade 5 is engaged in a longitudinal direction, and can slide freely.
• the element 21 is closed, in its upper part, only on the rear by a transverse strip 22 which connects the two lateral edges of the base 14.
• the base plates 13 and 14 provide the connection between the fastening elements 2 and 3 and the base 4 of the ski, but also their role is to vertically retain the stiffening lam 4 to avoid buckling, and therefore to keep it close to the upper surface of the base.
• the base plates 13 and 14 are integral with the base 4, and no of the blade 5.
• the support plates associated with the fastening elements 2 and 3, on which the shoe rests, and the The binding elements themselves which retain the boot are therefore also connected to the base of the ski. Good driving qualities of the ski are thus retained because the forces between the base and the boot pass directly without passing through the blade 5.
• the stiffening blade 5 influences the bending of the base 4 in different ways.
• the stiffening blade 5 by its front part and its rear part, brings back, in the area of the shoe, the bending stresses of the front end o the rear end of the base.
• the front part of the stiffening blade 5 brings back, in the area of the skate, this flexion request, which can result in the form of a longitudinal sliding of the blade relative to the low amplitude base or of a compression stress brought back by the blade. It is the same for the heel.
• the blade 5 can generate bending stresses on the front end or the rear end of the ski.
• a longitudinal forward thrust, exerted on the front part of the blade 5 is transmitted to the base 4, in its front region, in the form of a bending moment which tends to cause it to plunge towards the snow the front end of the ski.
• a longitudinal rearward thrust which would be exerted in the rear part of the stiffening blade 5 this thrust would generate a bending moment of the rear end of the ski which would tend to plunge this end towards the snow.
• the bending moment is exerted mainly on the ski at the ends 10 and 12 of the blade which are integral with the base 4.
• the stiffening blade 5 is made up of two parts which do not constitute a one-piece assembly in a longitudinal direction, the stresses picked up by each of the parts are brought back into the area of the skid; conversely, it is possible to generate, from the skate area, longitudinal thrust forces on the front or rear part of the blade, which in turn generate bending moments of the front end or the end rear of the base.
• the front and rear parts of the stiffening blade 5 respectively have elastic flexibility in the vertical and longitudinal plane defined by the ski. They therefore also play, on the front and rear parts of the base 4, a damping role for vertical vibrations.
• the device which is the subject of the present invention also has a feeler member, which is in connection with the shoe sole, and which is capable of sensing at least the vertical downward stresses exerted on it by the sole.
• the device also comprises connecting means between the feeler member and the stiffening blade 5, which transform the vertical stresses of the shoe into one or two longitudinal thrust forces at the stiffening blade 5, oriented towards the front end and / or rear end thereof.
• the feeler member, the connecting means and the stiffening blade 5 are capable of generating bending moments of the front end and / or the rear end of the ski from the vertical stresses that the boot exerts on the feeler organ. This is superimposed on the front-rear transmission function which has been described previously. Therefore, a bending moment can be generated at one end of the ski, or by a bending stress which occurs at the other end, or by a vertical stress on the boot.
• the feeler member is constituted by the support plate 25, which is associated with the rear fastening element 3, and on which the rear end of the shoe sole rests.
• the body of the rear fastening element 3 is slidably mounted along a slide 26, and the support plate 25, which constitutes the feeler member, extends the slide 26 which is also connected to the base plate 14, in its rear part, by a horizontal and transverse articulation axis 28.
• the base plate 14 in fact has two longitudinal and vertical wings 29 and 30, between which the stiffening blade 5 passes, and between which is located the base plate 14. These wings carry the axis 28 in their rear part.
• the slide 26, and therefore the feeler member 25, have a rotational movement around the axis 28 in the vertical and longitudinal median plane defined by the ski. On the other hand, the axis 28 does not allow a rolling movement of the probe 25.
• the vertical stresses of the boot are absorbed by the vertical movement of the feeler 25 around the axis 28.
• the transverse roll stresses are on the other hand transmitted directly to the base 4 of the ski.
• the axis 28 is not limiting, and any other means of assembling the fixing element 3 which ensures vertical movement of the feeler member 25 may be suitable.
• the rotational movement of the slide 26 is limited downwards and upwards.
• the limiting means are represented in the figures by a horizontal and transverse pin 32, located in the front part of the slide 26.
• the ends of the pin 32 circulate in vertically oriented slots 33 and 34 which are carried respectively by the wings 29 and 30 of the base plate 14.
• the rotational movement is limited by the abutment of the ends of the pin 32 in the upper part or the lower part of the slots 33 and 34.
• a spring or a damping block can be placed between the slide 26 and the base plate 14 to bias the slide upwards and to counteract or dampen its downward movement.
• the connecting means which connect the feeler member 25 to the connecting blade 5 are notably visible in FIG. 7.
• the stiffening blade 5 is in two parts, that is to say a front slat 37 and a rear batten 38 which meet at the level of the feeler member 25.
• the connecting means comprise a rocker 35 which, seen from the side, has approximately an L shape with a vertical branch 35a and a horizontal branch 35b.
• the rocker 35 is suspended around an axis 36 which is located in the upper part of its vertical branch 35a.
• the axis 36 is itself carried, at its ends, by the wings 29 and 30 of the base plate 14, at the level of two oblong holes 39 and 40 which are oriented in a horizontal and longitudinal direction.
• the pin 36 passes through the front end of the rear slat 38 which preferably has at this level a piece of end piece 42. The pin 36 thus ensures the connection between the rear slat and the connecting means.
• An axis 43 is also located in the central part of the rocker 35, that is to say below the level of the axis 36, at the junction of the vertical and horizontal branches.
• the axis 43 provides the articulation connection between the rocker 35 and the rear end of the front batten 37.
• the rocker 35 also includes, at the free end of its horizontal branch 35b, a bearing zone 45 on which the feeler member 25 comes to rest in a vertical direction by means of the slide 26.
• the support zone 45 is in two parts which are situated on either side of the front end 42 of the rear batten 38. The slide comes to rest, in a vertical direction, on the support zones 45 by two lateral pads 46.
• the assembly which has just been described is dimensioned in such a way that the tilting of the slide 26 can occur, in a vertical and longitudinal plane around the axis 28, over an amplitude defined by the axis 32 and the lights. 33 and 34 that the ends of the axis pass through.
• the lateral pads 46 of the slide 26 are in abutment on the zones 45 of the rocker 35, and cause its rotation about its axis 36 which is carried by the oblong holes 39 and 40.
• the rotational movement of the rocker 35, resulting from a downward movement of the feeler member 25, causes a relative distance of the front and rear slats 37 and 38 in a longitudinal direction.
• the relative approximation of the slats 35 and 38 corresponds to the rotation of the rocker in the opposite direction, and to the ascent of the feeler member 25.
• the slats transmit to the rocker a compression preload which tends to keep the body member 25 in the high position.
• Abutment means further limit the relative approximation of the slats 37 and 38, that is to say ensure a securing of the slats for a longitudinal movement in the direction of approximation.
• the axis 36, around which the rocker 35 is suspended, is located at a sufficient height relative to the upper surface of the base 4, so that the rotation of the rocker 35 and the translational movements of the front and rear slats 37 and 38 can be done without interference with the upper surface of the base 4.
• the ends of the slats 35 and 38 are slightly raised relative to the base 4 at this level.
• the assembly formed by the front batten 37, the rocker 35 and the rear batten 38 can translate in a longitudinal direction forwards or backwards. This translation is permitted since the axis 36 is carried by the wings of the base 4, at the level of oblong holes 39 and 40.
• the translation of one slat in the direction of approximation of the other can cause either the rotation of the rocker 35 about its axis 36, or the longitudinal translation of the rocker 35 and the other slat, by translation of the axis 36 in the oblong holes 39 and 40, or a combination of these two movements.
• FIGS 8 and 9 illustrate the operation of the device which has just been described.
• the rear end of the shoe does not exert vertical downward bias on the feeler 25, or rather the vertical force that the shoe exerts on the feeler 25 is less than the vertical prestress upward, to which the device subjects the probe.
• the axis 32 is in abutment upwards in the slots 33 and 34 of the base plate 14.
• the axis 36, around which the rocker 35 is suspended, is located approximately in the central part of the oblong holes 39 and 40 presented by base plate 14.
• the slats 37 and 38 are integral with each other for a request for relative approximation.
• the shoe exerts, on the probe 25, an additional vertical downward force shown diagrammatically by the arrow P.
• This force causes the downward movement of the probe 25 and of the slide 26, the axis 32 circulates in the lights 33 and 34.
• the rocker 35 is rotated around the axis 36, which causes a relative distance of the front and rear slats 37 and 38, which has been translated in the figures by thrusts P1 oriented forward and P2 oriented towards the rear
• thrusts P1 and P2 respectively generate bending moments of the front end and of the rear end of the ski.
• Such stress can also cause the rocker to rotate in the direction of bringing the slats 37 and 38 together, and thereby raise the probe 25.
• the increase in the pressure of one end of the ski on the snow due to the relief or to the position of the skier, is absorbed and returned to the other end of the ski which is subjected to an additional bending moment tending to plunge this end towards the snow.
• the thrust increases, which generates a additional bending moment on the front end and the rear end of the ski.
• the feeler descends and rises. This achieves an elastic suspension of the shoe in a vertical direction. Furthermore, the feeler 25 does not react to purely lateral stresses given its articulation around the axis 2. These stresses pass directly between the shoe and the base 4.
• the stiffening blade 5 has, at rest, a compression preload so as to be able to bring the probe 25 upwards when the skier is in normal support on his sk.
• this preload can be established or else canceled depending on the presence or absence of the shoe.
• FIG. 10 to 12 the front batten 37 has, in its rear part, two elements articulated in the manner of a toggle 48 and 49 which extend along a longitudinal direction of the 'base 4. The two elements 48 and 49 are respectively articulated, at their free end, at the front batten 37, at an axis 50, and at the rocker 35, at the axis 43 previously described.
• the two elements 48 and 49 are articulated together around a horizontal and transverse axis 51.
• the element 49 in the case of the figures the axis 51 is mounted in a slot 52 oriented in the longitudinal direction of the element.
• the axis 51 can therefore slide along this lumen, and it is returned elastically towards the end of the element by at least one spring 53.
• the toggle formed by the elements 48 and 49 can be opened, which eliminates any pretension in the stiffening blade 5. This is illustrated in FIG. 10. It is then possible for the feeler 25 to be placed of itself in the low position if no own elastic return means keeps it in its high position.
• FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate the case where the elements 48 and 49 of the toggle joint are flattened, which displaces the axis 51 in the slot 52 against the return force of the spring 53. The return spring then generates a compression preload in the stiffening blade 5.
• a stop is provided for coupling, in an integral manner, in a longitudinal direction, the elements 48 and 49 of the toggle joint.
• this stop is constituted by a micrometric screw 55, which is mounted on a cross member of the element 49, and which is brought into abutment against a longitudinal tongue 56 of the element 48.
• Figures 13 and 14 illustrate an alternative embodiment.
• the stiffening blade 5 has a front slat 67 and a rear slat 68, which are joined together at a rocker 65 similar to the previous rocker 35.
• the slats 67 and 68 and the rocker 65 are hinged together around a same axis 63 which is located in the central part of the rocker.
• the two slats 67 and 68 are integral with each other for all the longitudinal movements forwards or backwards.
• the rocker 65 is, for its part, connected to the base plate 14 of the rear fixing element, at the level of an axis 66, the ends of which are carried by orifices 69 and 70 of the base 14.
• the rocker 65 has only one possible movement of rotation about its axis 66.
• the vertical downward stresses of the shoe on the feeler 25 are transmitted to the stiffening blade 5, in the form of a forward-facing thrust force, which is exerted as well on the front batten than the rear batten.
• a bending stress on the front end of the ski can be transmitted to the rear slat, as long as the feeler 25 is not in the top stop, that is to say where the pin 32 n is not in abutment in the slots 33 and 34 of the base plate 14.
• a bending stress from the rear end of the ski can be transmitted to the front batten 67, but it causes a displacement of the axis 63 and a collapse of the feeler member 25.
• FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate an alternative embodiment, according to which the two front and rear slats 67 and 68 are integrally coupled only for a translational movement towards the rear of the slat 67.
• the rear batten 68 is in simple support in a longitudinal direction towards the front, against a connecting piece 70. It is this piece of liaiso 70 which is connected to the rocker 65 and to the front slat 67, around the axis of articulation 63.
• FIG. 1 illustrates the operation of this variant in the case where the rocker 65 is rotated under the effect of a thrust P '. The front batten 67 is then driven in forward translation.
• the connecting means transfer only to the front end of the ski the stresses picked up by the feeler member 25.
• a bending stress which is exerted on the rear end of the ski is transmitted to the front batten 67, from the moment when the rear batten 68 is in abutment against the connecting piece 70.
• Figures 17 to 19 relate to alternative embodiments of the liaiso means described above.
• the connecting means between the feeler member 25 and the stiffening blade 5 its constituted by a toggle device consisting of two levers 71 and 72, the free ends of which are respectively articulated at the end of each of the front and rear slats.
• the feeler 25 is in support at the level of the hinge pin 73 which is common to the two levers 71 and 72. It is understood that a push down of the feeler 25 on the toggle joint causes it to flatten, d 'o a relative distance from the two front and rear slats 88 and 89.
• the two front and rear slats 88 and 89 are in abutment against one another, in a longitudinal direction, when the knee lever is in its rest position which corresponds to the high position of probe 25.
• the ends of the slats 88 and 89 can be equipped with stop pieces 90 and 91, which come into contact with one another, and which also carry the articulation axes to which the free ends of the levers 71 and 72 are connected.
• FIG. 18 illustrates another alternative embodiment, according to which the toggle joint device is replaced by a strip 92 curved upwards, the ends of which are connected to each of the front and rear slats.
• the probe 25 is in abutment against the curved blade 92 in the central part thereof. It is understood that a vertical downward bias, exerted by the feeler on the blade 92 causes a flattening of the latter, that is to say a relative distance of the front and rear slats 8 and 89.
• Figure 19 shows another alternative embodiment, in the case where the stiffening blade consists of a single piece.
• the stiffening blade carries a bearing 9 to which is articulated an oblique lever 95 oriented from top to bottom, from rear to front.
• the free end of the lever 95 is in abutment against a longitudinal stop 96 which the slide presents under the feeler 25. It is understood that a downward movement of the feeler 25 tends to pivot the lever 95 towards the ski, which forces the bearing 93 to translate towards the front of the ski.
• the feeler member 25 could be associated with the front fixing element, or else be independent of one or the other of the fixing elements.
• the feeler member could also be independent of the front and rear support plates on which the shoe rests. For example, it could be placed at the central part of the shoe between its front and rear supports.
• toggle joint which allows the blade 5 to be prestressed and the variants of the connecting means could be fitted to any of the embodiments which have been described.

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• Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
• Friction Gearing (AREA)
• Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
• Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)

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• 1992
  • 1992-01-31 FR FR9201248A patent/FR2686798B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-12-02 US US08/256,629 patent/US5556122A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-12-02 EP EP93901808A patent/EP0624113B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1992-12-02 JP JP5512961A patent/JPH07506980A/ja active Pending
  • 1992-12-02 DE DE69208895T patent/DE69208895T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1992-12-02 WO PCT/FR1992/001120 patent/WO1993014837A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1992-12-02 AT AT93901808T patent/ATE134894T1/de active

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