EP0656928B1 - Procede pour le craquage de charges d'hydrocarbures et de fractions en c4 non hydrogenees - Google Patents

Procede pour le craquage de charges d'hydrocarbures et de fractions en c4 non hydrogenees Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0656928B1
EP0656928B1 EP93919124A EP93919124A EP0656928B1 EP 0656928 B1 EP0656928 B1 EP 0656928B1 EP 93919124 A EP93919124 A EP 93919124A EP 93919124 A EP93919124 A EP 93919124A EP 0656928 B1 EP0656928 B1 EP 0656928B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fraction
process steam
hydrocarbon
mixed
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93919124A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0656928A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Zimmermann
Wolfgang Schwab
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP0656928A1 publication Critical patent/EP0656928A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0656928B1 publication Critical patent/EP0656928B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the joint splitting of hydrocarbon inserts, in particular naphtha, and unhydrogenated C4 fractions in pyrolysis furnaces for olefin production, the feed material to be split being preheated in the convection zone of the pyrolysis furnace with the addition of process steam by the flue gases from the radiation zone of the pyrolysis furnace is then subjected to thermal fission in the radiation zone.
  • the hydrocarbons in the cracking zone In the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons for olefin production, it is necessary to heat the hydrocarbons in the cracking zone, the so-called radiation zone of the pyrolysis furnace or cracking furnace, to high temperatures of approximately between 750 ° C. and 900 ° C. in order to achieve the desired conversions during the short term To be able to flow through the hydrocarbons through the radiation zone.
  • the hydrocarbons must be preheated to relatively high temperatures before they enter the radiation zone. Since the cleavage is usually carried out in the presence of water vapor as an inert diluent, it is also necessary to preheat the water vapor to a high temperature before mixing to form the hydrocarbon stream.
  • the required high temperatures of the cracked feed material in the radiation zone are usually achieved by passing the feed material through canned tubes which are arranged in the radiation zone of a burner-heated pyrolysis furnace.
  • the preheating of the hydrocarbon feed and possibly other fluids is carried out by utilizing the heat of the hot flue gases generated when the radiation zone is fired by indirect heat exchange in heat exchangers installed in the convection zone.
  • German patent 28 54 061 discloses a method for preheating a wide variety of hydrocarbons before their thermal splitting in the radiation zone of a burner-heated pyrolysis furnace, the hydrocarbons and other fluids being heated against the flue gases of the radiation zone by heat exchangers arranged in the convection zone of the pyrolysis furnace.
  • the pyrolysis furnace is designed for the splitting of different hydrocarbon inserts, in that the hydrocarbons and other fluids are passed through a series of heat exchangers divided into bundles, the flow sequence and / or the fluids flowing through the individual bundles using a switching device depending on the slitting insert can be changed.
  • the heat exchanger bundles are at least partially connected to one another by lines provided with switching elements.
  • EP-A1-0 110 433 describes a process for the production of olefins from light and heavy hydrocarbons with combined splitting of the light and heavy hydrocarbons.
  • the light hydrocarbons are preheated in the convection zone of a pyrolysis furnace and diluted with steam and split completely in the radiation zone.
  • the fission product of the light hydrocarbons is mixed with heavy hydrocarbons preheated in the convection zone, diluted with steam and partially cracked in the radiation zone.
  • the partially cracked heavy hydrocarbons are completely split in the radiation zone.
  • Unhydrated C4 fractions from olefin plants or other plants can be converted into higher quality products in pyrolysis furnaces for olefin production. This conversion into higher-value products is particularly desirable because the proceeds from the C4 sale are often low. If necessary, the C4 fraction is therefore added to the hydrocarbon use of the pyrolysis furnace. However, routing in the tube bundles often occurs within the convection zone. This leads to a noticeable increase in the pressure drop between the furnace inlet and furnace outlet, which can drastically reduce the runtime of the pyrolysis furnace.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of demonstrating a method of the type mentioned at the outset, in which a method is simple trouble-free splitting of the hydrocarbon use and the C4 fraction is ensured.
  • This object is achieved in that the C4 fraction mixed with process steam is fed into the convection zone, heated there and then mixed with the hydrocarbon insert and heated further before being fed into the radiation zone.
  • the heating of the C4 fraction according to the invention together with the process steam and the subsequent mixing of the mixture of process steam and C4 hydrocarbons with the use of hydrocarbons during further heating in the convection zone does not lead to transfers in the bundles.
  • the process according to the invention is particularly suitable for higher-boiling hydrocarbon uses such as naphtha.
  • naphtha In addition to naphtha, all other known hydrocarbon uses, such as gas oil or liquid gas, can also be used.
  • the invention takes advantage of the fact that the relocations are mainly due to a polymerization of the butadiene contained in the C4 fraction.
  • the polymerization of butadiene is dependent on the butadiene partial pressure and the reaction temperature, in particular the tube wall temperature of the bundle.
  • the butadiene partial pressure in the feed evaporator bundle increases, the higher the boiling point of the hydrocarbon feed, since in this case the less hydrocarbon feed evaporates at this point in the convection zone.
  • the butadiene partial pressure increases with the butadiene content in the C4 fraction.
  • the butadiene partial pressure of a split insert becomes particularly high when this split insert is not yet diluted by process steam.
  • the polymerization reaction begins on the hot tube surfaces of the bundles in the convection zone.
  • the butadiene partial pressure is reduced to a minimum value. Relocations in the convection zone can be safely avoided in the process according to the invention despite joint splitting of the hydrocarbon feed and C4 fraction.
  • the joint splitting of hydrocarbon feed and C4-hydrocarbons according to the invention has proven particularly useful if the C4 fraction is added in an amount of up to 25% by weight, preferably up to 10% by weight, based on the hydrocarbon feed .
  • the C4 fraction used in the process according to the invention can advantageously consist of up to 100% by weight, preferably 30 to 60% by weight, of butadiene.
  • process steam as a diluent is partially or completely replaced by substances which reduce the partial pressure, for example methane, ethane and / or propane.
  • a typical convection zone of a pyrolysis furnace is shown in FIG.
  • Hot convection gases from the radiation zone (not shown) of the pyrolysis furnace flow through the convection zone from bottom to top in the direction of the arrow.
  • naphtha is introduced in liquid form as a gap insert into the heat exchanger 12.
  • Process steam (4a) and C4 fraction (4b) are fed to the heat exchanger 9 via line 4.
  • Process steam and C4 fraction is mixed with the naphtha from line 2 and passed via line 13 into the heat exchanger 10.
  • From the heat exchanger 10 the mixture is fed into the heat exchanger 7 via line 14.
  • the mixture drawn off from the heat exchanger 7 is then passed into the radiation zone of the pyrolysis furnace to split the hydrocarbons.
  • the heat exchangers 11 and 8 additionally arranged in the convection zone do not serve to preheat the gap inserts.
  • high pressure steam from line 20 is overheated from a steam drum (not shown) against the hot flue gases and drawn off via line 21.
  • the heat exchanger 11 is used, for example, as a heater for the feed water from line 18, it being possible for the heated feed water drawn off from the heat exchanger 11 via line 19 to be fed to the steam drum (not shown).
  • the method according to the invention can therefore be used in pyrolysis furnaces without the need for conversion.
  • the regulation of the mixture addition of process steam and C4 fraction for the use of hydrocarbons can be carried out by applying the invention to the method known from German Patent 28 54 061 via the valves 6 and 15 with adaptation to plant-specific parameters.
  • the temperature of the individual flows can also be regulated via this valve control.
  • the method according to the invention is in no way restricted to the examples described above. Is in the convection zones shown in Fig. 1 or Fig.2, for example, another heat exchanger for the split material from line 14 between inserted the heat exchangers 8 and 9, the heated mixture in line 5 from process steam and C4 hydrocarbons can be divided into two or three partial streams and mixed with the hydrocarbon feed or a mixture of hydrocarbon feed, C4 fraction and process steam.
  • Naphtha with the composition was used as a gap insert i-paraffins 37.11% n-paraffins 40.19% Naphthenes 14.62% Aromatics 8.08% into the convection zone of a pyrolysis furnace.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour le craquage conjoint de charges d'hydrocarbures (1), notamment de naphte, et de fractions en C4 non hydrogénées (4b) dans des fours à pyrolyse, pour la production d'oléfines, dans lequel la totalité du produit à dissocier est préchauffée dans la zone de convection du four à pyrolyse, avec addition de vapeur provenant du processus (4a), par les gaz de fumée de la zone de rayonnement du four à pyrolyse, puis est soumise, dans la zone de rayonnement, à un craquage thermique. Conformément à l'invention, les fractions en C4 (4b) ne sont pas introduites, comme cela se fait habituellement, conjointement avec la charge d'hydrocarbures, dans la zone de convection, mais réchauffées (9) dans la zone de convection par mélange avec la vapeur du processus (4a), puis mélangées avec la charge d'hydrocarbures (2, 5), après quoi on continue de les réchauffer (10) avant de les envoyer dans la zone de rayonnement. Le mélange réchauffé par la vapeur du processus, ainsi que les fractions en C4, peuvent être incorporés, en plusieurs endroits, à la charge d'hydrocarbures. Avantageusement, on utilise, conformément à l'invention, la vapeur surchauffée du processus, ou bien cette vapeur du processus dans le mélange vapeur/hydrocarbures en C4 est surchauffée avant l'incorporation à la charge d'hydrocarbures. Des résultats particulièrement avantageux sont obtenus avec des fractions en C4 renfermant jusqu'à 25 % en poids, de préférence jusqu'à 10 % en poids, de la charge d'hydrocarbures. Les fractions en C4 peuvent renfermer jusqu'à 100 % en poids, de préférence jusqu'à 30 à 60 % en poids de butadiène.

Claims (6)

  1. Procédé pour le craquage simultané de charges d'hydrocarbures, en particulier de naphte, et de fractions en C₄ non hydrogénées dans un four de pyrolyse pour la formation d'oléfines, où la matière de charge à craquer est préchauffée dans la zone de convection du four de pyrolyse par addition de vapeur du procédé par les gaz de fumée de la zone de rayonnement du four de pyrolyse et ensuite, est soumis à un craquage thermique dans la zone de rayonnement, caractérisé en ce que la fraction en C₄ est introduite dans la zone de convection, mélangée à la vapeur du procédé, puis chauffée et ensuite, est à nouveau chauffée, mélangée à la charge d'hydrocarbures, avant l'introduction dans la zone de rayonnement.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le rassemblement du mélange déjà chauffé de vapeur du procédé et de la fraction en C₄ se fait en plusieurs endroits en la charge d'hydrocarbures et respectivement, un mélange de charge d'hydrocarbures, fraction en C₄ et vapeur du procédé.
  3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la vapeur du procédé est surchauffée dans le mélange de vapeur du procédé et de la fraction en C₄ avant le mélange avec la charge d'hydrocarbures ou la vapeur du procédé surchauffée est mélangée à la fraction en C₄.
  4. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la fraction en C₄ présente jusqu'à 25% en poids, de préférence jusqu'à 10% en poids, de la charge d'hydrocarbures.
  5. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la fraction en C₄ consiste en jusqu'à 100% en poids, de préférence de 30 à 60% en poids de butadiène.
  6. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la vapeur du procédé en tant qu'agent de dilution, est partiellement ou totalement remplacée par des matières abaissant la pression partielle telles, par exemple, méthane, éthane et/ou propane.
EP93919124A 1992-08-28 1993-08-20 Procede pour le craquage de charges d'hydrocarbures et de fractions en c4 non hydrogenees Expired - Lifetime EP0656928B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4228742 1992-08-28
DE4228742 1992-08-28
DE4241144 1992-12-07
DE4241144A DE4241144A1 (de) 1992-08-28 1992-12-07 Verfahren zur Spaltung von Kohlenwasserstoff-Einsätzen und unhydrierten C¶4¶-Fraktionen
PCT/EP1993/002240 WO1994005743A1 (fr) 1992-08-28 1993-08-20 Procede pour le craquage de charges d'hydrocarbures et de fractions en c4 non hydrogenees

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0656928A1 EP0656928A1 (fr) 1995-06-14
EP0656928B1 true EP0656928B1 (fr) 1996-03-27

Family

ID=25918012

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93919124A Expired - Lifetime EP0656928B1 (fr) 1992-08-28 1993-08-20 Procede pour le craquage de charges d'hydrocarbures et de fractions en c4 non hydrogenees

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0656928B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4241144A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2085168T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2097403C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994005743A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101734990B (zh) * 2008-11-25 2013-09-04 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种管式裂解炉蒸汽裂解制乙烯的方法
RU2640592C2 (ru) 2012-10-29 2018-01-10 Чайна Петролеум Энд Кемикал Корпорейшн Способ парового крекинга

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2854061A1 (de) * 1978-12-14 1980-07-03 Linde Ag Verfahren zum vorwaermen von kohlenwasserstoffen vor deren thermischer spaltung
US4492624A (en) * 1982-09-30 1985-01-08 Stone & Webster Engineering Corp. Duocracking process for the production of olefins from both heavy and light hydrocarbons
JPH0819420B2 (ja) * 1988-09-05 1996-02-28 三井石油化学工業株式会社 低品位原料の分解処理方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4241144A1 (de) 1994-03-03
EP0656928A1 (fr) 1995-06-14
RU2097403C1 (ru) 1997-11-27
RU95110668A (ru) 1996-12-27
WO1994005743A1 (fr) 1994-03-17
ES2085168T3 (es) 1996-05-16
DE59302070D1 (de) 1996-05-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0698075B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif de vapocraquage d'une charge d'hydrocarbures legers et d'une charge hydrocarbures lourds
DE1568469C3 (de) Verfahren zum thermischen Wasserdampf-Cracken von Kohlenwasserstoffen
DE60306105T2 (de) Wasserdampfcracken eines fcc-benzins
DE2854061A1 (de) Verfahren zum vorwaermen von kohlenwasserstoffen vor deren thermischer spaltung
EP2917305B1 (fr) Procédé de fabrication de produits chargés en oléfines par vapocraquage thermique
DE1551535B2 (de) Röhrenofen zur Herstellung von niedermolekularen Olefinen
DE2262797A1 (de) Verfahren zum kracken unter wasserstoffdruck fuer die herstellung von olefinen
DE1643074A1 (de) Verfahren zum Umwandeln von Kohlenwasserstoffen
DE60211810T2 (de) Pyrolyserohr und dieses verwendendes pyrolyseverfahren
DE1931952B2 (de) Verfahren zum hydrieren von schwefelhaltigem pyrolyseprodukt
EP2653524B1 (fr) Convection zone of a cracking furnace
EP0499897B1 (fr) Contrôle des processus dans les fours de pyrolyse pour la préparation d'oléfines
EP0656928B1 (fr) Procede pour le craquage de charges d'hydrocarbures et de fractions en c4 non hydrogenees
DE60124489T2 (de) Verfahren zur endothermischen Umsetzung von Kohlenwasserstoffen, ihre Anwendung und Vorrichtung zur Anwendung dieses Verfahren
DE2209302A1 (de) Verfahren zum Dampfkracken von Kohlenwasserstoffen
DE3527663A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum thermischen cracken von kohlenwasserstoffen
DE1922665A1 (de) Verfahren zum Umwandeln von Kohlenwasserstoffen in Olefine
DE1551536A1 (de) Waermeaustauscher und Verfahren zum Kuehlen von Medien
DE4400430A1 (de) Verfahren zum thermokatalytischen Spalten von höhersiedenden Kohlenwasserstoffen und Spaltofen
DE1815442A1 (de) Verfahren fuer die Pyrolyse von gasfoermigen oder fluessigen Kohlenwasserstoffen unter Druck
DE1543156A1 (de) Verfahren zur Erzeugung von AEthylen
DE1809177C3 (de) Röhrenofen zur thermischen Spaltung von unter Normalbedingungen gasförmigen oder flüssigen Kohlenwasserstoffen zur Herstellung weniger gesättigter Verbindungen und anderer Produkte
DE587899C (de) Verfahren zur Waermespaltung von Kohlenwasserstoffoelen
WO2013020676A1 (fr) Procédé de dissociation d'hydrocarbures
DE3002209C2 (de) Verfahren zur Umwandlung von Kohlenwasserstoffen

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19950220

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BE DE ES NL

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19950808

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE DE ES NL

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59302070

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19960502

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2085168

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20000830

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20000831

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20001024

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010821

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20010831

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: LINDE A.G.

Effective date: 20010831

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020301

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20020301

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20020911

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20090814

Year of fee payment: 17

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 59302070

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20110301

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110301