EP0655432B1 - Procédé de production continue de carbonate de diméthyle - Google Patents

Procédé de production continue de carbonate de diméthyle Download PDF

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EP0655432B1
EP0655432B1 EP94118455A EP94118455A EP0655432B1 EP 0655432 B1 EP0655432 B1 EP 0655432B1 EP 94118455 A EP94118455 A EP 94118455A EP 94118455 A EP94118455 A EP 94118455A EP 0655432 B1 EP0655432 B1 EP 0655432B1
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gas
methyl nitrite
column
methyl
nitrogen monoxide
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German (de)
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EP0655432A1 (fr
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Keigo C/O Ube Chemical Factory Nishihira
Shinichi C/O Ube Chemical Factory Yoshida
Shuji C/O Ube Chemical Factory Tanaka
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Ube Corp
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Ube Industries Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C68/00—Preparation of esters of carbonic or haloformic acids

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  • the present invention relates to a process for continuously producing dimethyl carbonate. More particularly, the present invention relates to an industrial process for continuously producing dimethyl carbonate by a catalytical reaction in gas phase of carbon monoxide with methyl nitrite in the presence of a solid catalyst, while effectively and safely recovering methyl nitrite and nitrogen monoxide from a purge gas withdrawn from a gas system circulating through a reaction system, and recycling the recovered methyl nitrite and nitrogen monoxide to the production of dimethyl carbonate.
  • Dimethyl carbonate is a compound useful as a material for synthesizing aromatic polycarbonates, medicines and agricultural chemicals, and as a solvent.
  • a conventional industrial process for producing dimethyl carbonate by a catalytical reaction in gas phase of carbon monoxide with methyl nitrite in the presence of a solid catalyst comprises, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,214,185, a first step of catalytically reacting carbon monoxide with methyl nitrite in gas phase in the presence of a solid catalyst in a reactor to produce dimethyl carbonate; a second step of absorbing dimethyl carbonate produced in the first step by an absorbing medium consisting of dimethyl oxalate in a dimethyl carbonate-absorbing column (absorbing column), to provide a liquid fraction comprising dimethyl carbonate absorbed by dimethyl oxalate and a non-condensed gas fraction containing nitrogen monoxide; a third step of regenerating methyl nitrite by bringing nitrogen monoxide in the non-condensed gas fraction into contact with molecular oxygen and methyl alcohol in a methyl nitrite-regenerating column (regenerating column); and a fourth step of distil-
  • a gas containing carbon monoxide and methyl nitrite circulate through the first step, the second step and the third step.
  • This circulating gas further contains a carbon dioxide gas which is produced as a by-product of the gas phase catalytical reaction of the first step, and an inert gas, for example, nitrogen gas, which is introduced into the circulating gas by accompanying with a NOx gas which is fed into the regenerating column to synthesize methyl nitrite. Therefore, to avoid the accumulation of the above-mentioned gases into high concentrations in the circulating gas, a portion of the circulating gas is continuously purged, as a purge gas, from the gas-circulating system.
  • the purge gas contains high contents of methyl nitrite and nitrogen monoxide, therefore, methyl nitrite and nitrogen monoxide are recovered from the purge gas.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,879,401 discloses a recovering method in which a purge gas collected from a methyl nitrite-regenerating step is brought into contact with a molecular oxygen-containing gas and methyl alcohol to regenerate methyl nitrite from nitrogen monoxide contained in the purge gas and absorb the regenerated methyl nitrite together with methyl nitrite contained in the purge gas by methyl alcohol; and the resultant methyl alcohol solution containing methyl nitrite is recycled to the methyl nitrite-regenerating step.
  • the regeneration of methyl nitrite from nitrogen monoxide is applied to only a portion of nitrogen monoxide contained in the circulating gas.
  • the molecular oxygen-containing gas must be fed in a stoichiometric amount or more with respect to the amount of nitrogen monoxide, to the methyl nitrite-recovering step. This addition of the molecular oxygen-containing gas in an excessive amount causes, the resultant circulating gas to contain non-reacted molecular oxygen.
  • the purge gas containing a high content of methyl nitrite is caused to further contain molecular oxygen gas.
  • This purge gas has an increased risk of explosion.
  • This problem must be solved.
  • the methyl nitrite is regenerated from nitrogen monoxide in the purge gas which already has a high content of methyl nitrite, the total content of methyl nitrite in the purge gas increases to a level at which methyl nitrite in the purge gas cannot be fully absorbed by methyl alcohol. This problem, also, must be solved.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a process for continuously producing dimethyl carbonate, while recovering and reusing methyl nitrite and nitrogen monoxide, which are useful components for the process of the invention, in a purge gas at a high safety with a high efficiency.
  • a material gas containing carbon monoxide and methyl nitrite is introduced into a reactor packed with a solid catalyst comprising a catalytical component consisting of a platinum group metal and/or a compound thereof and optionally an assistant catalytical component carried on a carrier, to cause carbon monoxide to react with methyl nitrite in gas phase and to provide a reaction product gas containing the resultant dimethyl carbonate.
  • the reaction product gas provided in the first step is introduced into a dimethyl carbonate-absorbing column (which will be referred to as an absorbing column hereinafter) and brought into contact with an absorbing medium consisting of dimethyl oxalate to provide a non-condensed gas fraction containing nitrogen monoxide produced as a by-product of the catalytical reaction of the first step, and a liquid fraction separated from the non-condensed gas fraction, and comprising dimethyl oxalate, dimethyl carbonate absorbed by dimethyl oxalate and methyl alcohol.
  • a dimethyl carbonate-absorbing column which will be referred to as an absorbing column hereinafter
  • the non-condensed gas provided in the second step is introduced into a methyl nitrite-regenerating column, which will be referred to as a regenerating column hereinafter, and brought into contact with a molecular oxygen-containing gas and methyl alcohol which are also introduced into the regenerating column, to regenerate methyl nitrite from nitrogen monoxide in the non-condensed gas.
  • the resultant regenerated gas fraction containing the regenerated methyl nitrite is recycled to the reactor for the first step.
  • the dimethyl oxalate solution prepared in the second step and containing dimethyl carbonate and methyl alcohol is subjected to an extract-distilling procedure for removing methyl alcohol and then to a distilling procedure for collecting dimethyl carbonate.
  • the withdrawn regenerated gas is pressurized by a gas circulator located in a conduit line between the first step reactor and the third step regenerating column, recycled to the first step reactor and reused as a portion of the material gas in the first step reactor.
  • the circulating gas through the first, second and third steps contains a carbon dioxide gas produced as a by-product of the gas phase catalytic reaction in the first step, and an inert gas, for example, nitrogen gas, introduced as an accompanying gas together with a NOx gas for regenerating methyl nitrite into the regenerating column.
  • an inert gas for example, nitrogen gas
  • a portion of the regenerated gas fraction is purged from a conduit located between the third step regenerating column and the gas-circulator.
  • the purged minor portion of the regenerated gas fraction will be referred to as a purge gas hereinafter.
  • the dimethyl oxalate solution containing dimethyl carbonate and methyl alcohol and withdrawn from the second step absorbing column is subjected to a collection of dimethyl carbonate by distillation.
  • methyl alcohol is fed into a column for recovering methyl nitrite and brought into contact with the purge gas, before the methyl alcohol is fed into the regenerating column for the third step.
  • methyl nitrite-recovering column methyl nitrite contained in the purge gas is absorbed by and dissolved in methyl alcohol and recovered as a liquid fraction from the purge gas. The remained gas fraction in the methyl nitrite-recovering column contains nitrogen monoxide. This nitrogen monoxide-containing gas is withdrawn from the methyl nitrite-recovering column and introduced into a column for recovering nitrogen monoxide.
  • the nitrogen-monoxide-containing gas is brought into contact with molecular oxygen and methyl alcohol to convert nitrogen monoxide to methyl nitrite and dissolve the regenerated methyl nitrite in methyl alcohol. Since the nitrogen monoxide-containing gas withdrawn from the methyl nitrite-recovering column is substantially free from methyl nitrite, the contact of the nitrogen monoxide-containing gas with the molecular oxygen-containing gas is safely carried out without a risk of locally producing an explosive gas.
  • the purge gas withdrawn from the third step regenerating column and containing methyl nitrite and nitrogen monoxide is directly fed into the nitrogen monoxide-recovering column.
  • the contact of the purge gas with the molecular oxygen-gas containing is carried out in the presence of a certain amount of methyl nitrile and thus causes a high risk of explosion.
  • the resultant methyl nitrite causes an increase in the concentration of methyl nitrite. Therefore, the absorption effect of methyl nitrite by methyl alcohol in the nitrogen monoxide-recovering column decreases.
  • the purge gas is subjected firstly to a methyl nitrite-recovering procedure, and then to a nitrogen monoxide-recovering procedure. Therefore, methyl nitrite can be recovered with a high efficiency not only in the methyl nitrite-recovering procedure but also in the nitrogen monoxide-recovering procedure. Also, the nitrogen monoxide-recovering procedure can be effected without risk of explosion.
  • dimethyl carbonate is prepared by introducing a material gas containing carbon monoxide and methyl nitrite into a reactor packed with a solid catalyst comprising a catalytic platinum group metal element and/or compound and optionally an assistant catalytical component carried on a carrier, so as to catalytically react carbon monoxide with methyl nitrite in gas phase.
  • the solid catalyst usable for the process of the present invention may be selected from those disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent No. 5,162,563, comprising a catalytic component comprising at least one member selected from platinum group metal elements and compounds and optionally, an assistant catalytic component carried on a carrier.
  • the platinum group metal elements and compounds usable for the present invention may be selected from palladium, platinum, iridium, ruthenium and rhodium elements and compounds thereof.
  • the most preferred metal compound is palladium chloride.
  • the solid catalyst may comprise an assistant catalytic component carried on the carrier and comprising at least one compound of other metals than the platinum group metals, for example, copper, iron, bismuth and cerium.
  • the carrier usable for the present invention comprises at least one member selected from, for example, activated carbon, alumina, silica, diatomaceous earth, zeolite and clay materials.
  • carbon monoxide and methyl nitrite are usually diluted with an inert gas, for example, nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas which are inert to the catalytic reaction of the present invention, to provide a material gas.
  • the material gas is fed to the reactor at a feeding rate suitable for causing the material gas to remain in contact with the solid catalyst preferably for a time of 10 seconds or less, more preferably 0.2 to 5 seconds.
  • the reactor for containing the solid catalyst is preferably selected from single tube-type reactors and multi-table type reactors.
  • the concentration of methyl nitrite in the material gas is established in consideration of the reaction rate and safety. To obtain a satisfactory reaction rate, the concentration of methyl nitrite is preferably 1% by volume or more, more preferably 1 to 25% by volume. However, since methyl nitrite is an explosive compound, it is not preferred that the concentration of methyl nitrite be too high. Usually, in the process of the present invention, the preferable concentration of methyl nitrite in the material gas is 3 to 25% by volume.
  • the concentration of carbon monoxide in the material gas is broadly variable. However, in the continuous process of the present invention, since a portion of the circulating gas is purged as mentioned above, the increase in the concentration of carbon monoxide results in an increase in loss of carbon monoxide to the outside of the process system, and thus is not preferred in economical point of view. Accordingly, the industrially preferable concentration of carbon monoxide in the material gas is in the range of from 1 to 50% by volume, more preferably 5 to 30% by volume.
  • the catalytical reaction is carried out at a relatively low temperature, as long as the reaction rate at this temperature is satisfactory.
  • the reaction temperature is in the range of from 50 to 200°C, more preferably from 80 to 150°C.
  • the reaction pressure is preferably in the range of from the ambient atmospheric pressure (0 kg/cm 2 G) to 10 kg/cm 2 G, more preferably 1 to 6 kg/cm 2 G.
  • reaction product gas containing dimethyl carbonate, dimethyl oxalate, nitrogen monoxide, carbon dioxide, non-reacted carbon monoxide and methyl nitrite and an inert gas is delivered from the reactor.
  • the target dimethyl carbonate is collected by introducing the reaction product gas into an absorbing column for the second step, and absorbing dimethyl carbonate by dimethyl oxalate introduced into the absorbing column through an upper portion thereof.
  • dimethyl carbonate in the reaction product gas is collected by bringing the reaction product gas into contact with an absorbing medium consisting of dimethyl oxalate, in an absorbing column.
  • the feeding rate of dimethyl oxalate is variable depending on the amount of dimethyl carbonate contained in the reaction product gas and introduced into the absorbing column.
  • dimethyl oxalate is preferably fed in an amount of 3 to 10 times, more preferably 4 to 6 times the weight of dimethyl carbonate fed into the absorbing column.
  • an absorbing medium liquid fraction comprising dimethyl carbonate absorbed by dimethyl oxalate and a non-condensed gas fraction containing nitrogen monoxide are provided.
  • the non-condensed gas fraction withdrawn from the absorbing column contains small amounts of dimethyl carbonate and dimethyl oxalate. If dimethyl carbonate and dimethyl oxalate are fed into the third step, they are uselessly consumed in the third step. Therefore, a small amount of methyl alcohol is preferably fed into the absorbing column (the second step) through a top portion of the absorbing column so that they are recovered by methyl alcohol.
  • methyl alcohol is fed preferably in an amount of 5 to 30% by weight, more preferably 10 to 20% by weight based on the amount of dimethyl carbonate contained in the reaction product gas.
  • the non-condensed gas contains, in addition to non-reacted carbon monoxide and methyl nitrite, a large amount of nitrogen monoxide produced in the first step, this nitrogen monoxide is used to regenerate methyl nitrite in the regenerating column for the third step.
  • methyl nitrite is regenerated by introducing the non-condensed gas into the regenerating column and bringing it into contact with a molecular oxygen-containing gas and methyl alcohol.
  • the regenerating column is selected from packing columns, bubbling columns, spraying columns and tray columns which are usually employed as a gas-liquid contact reaction apparatus.
  • the molecular oxygen-containing gas usable for the process of the present invention may be a pure oxygen gas, a mixed gas consisting of oxygen diluted with an inert gas, for example, nitrogen gas, or air.
  • the molecular oxygen-containing gas is fed in an amount of 0.08 to 0.2 mole in terms of oxygen per mole of nitrogen monoxide introduced into the regenerating column.
  • the molecular oxygen-containing gas and the non-condensed gas containing nitrogen monoxide are brought into contact with methyl alcohol at a temperature of 60°C or less for a contact time of 0.5 to 2 seconds.
  • methyl alcohol is fed in a necessary amount or more to react with nitrogen dioxide produced from nitrogen monoxide and the molecular oxygen and with nitrogen monoxide in a substantially equimolar amount to that of nitrogen dioxide, and to completely absorb the regenerated methyl nitrite.
  • methyl alcohol is fed preferably in an amount of 2 to 5 moles per mole of nitrogen monoxide contained in the gas fraction fed into the regenerating column.
  • methyl nitrite and nitrogen monoxide are lost by being absorbed by the absorbing medium in the absorbing column of the second step, by being dissolved in the liquid fraction in the regenerating column of the third step and by discharging in the fifth step. Therefore, the loss in the methyl nitrite is compensated by adding, methyl nitrite or a methyl nitrite-supply source, for example, a NOx gas, for example, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, dinitrogen trioxide and dinitrogen tetraoxide, and nitric acid, preferably, the NOx gas is fed into the regenerating column of the third step.
  • a NOx gas for example, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, dinitrogen trioxide and dinitrogen tetraoxide
  • a liquid fraction is discharged.
  • This liquid fraction comprises methyl alcohol containing water produced as a by-product of the regenerating reaction of methyl nitrite.
  • the liquid fraction is subjected to a refining procedure of methyl alcohol by removing water. In this refining procedure, the content of water is reduced to a level of 2% by volume or less, preferably 0.2% by volume or less.
  • the refined methyl alcohol is reused for the second, third and fifth steps.
  • the liquid fraction withdrawn from the second step absorbing column and containing the target dimethyl carbonate dissolved in dimethyl oxalate is subjected to a fourth step to collect the target dimethyl carbonate.
  • impurities having a low boiling temperature for example, methyl alcohol and a small amount of methyl formate which is a by-product of the catalytic reaction, are removed by an extract-distilling procedure, and then the target dimethyl carbonate is collected by a distilling procedure.
  • the recovery of methyl nitrite in the fifth step of the process of the present invention is carried out by bringing a purge gas into contact with methyl alcohol, before the methyl alcohol is fed into the third step regenerating column, in a methyl nitrite-recovering column.
  • the purge gas consists of a portion of the regenerated gas fraction discharged from the third step regeneration column.
  • the apparatus for contacting the purge gas with methyl alcohol namely the methyl nitrite-recovering column does not need to be a specific apparatus and may be selected from conventional gas-liquid contact type absorbing apparatuses, for example, packing columns, tray column, and bubbling columns.
  • the methyl nitrite-recovering column is arranged between a location at which the purge gas is withdrawn from the gas-circulating conduit system and a location at which the molecular oxygen-containing gas is mixed into the nitrogen monoxide-containing gas fraction. Where the purge gas is directly withdrawn from the top portion of the third step regenerating column, the methyl nitrite-recovering column may be directly attached to the top portion of the third step regenerating column.
  • the amount of methyl alcohol fed into the methyl nitrite-recovering column for the fifth step is similar to that fed into the methyl nitrite-regenerating column for the third step.
  • the amount of methyl alcohol fed into the stage (a) of the fifth step methyl nitrite-recovering column is 2 to 5 moles per mole of nitrogen monoxide contained in the gas fraction fed into the third step methyl nitrite-regenerating column.
  • the purge gas consists of a portion of the regenerated gas fraction withdrawn from the third step methyl nitrite-regenerating column.
  • the amount of the purge gas is variable depending on the amounts of the by-product gas, for example, carbon dioxide gas and the inert gas, for example nitrogen gas, accumulated in the gas circulating through the first to third steps.
  • the amount of the purge gas is controlled to a level not less than the amount of the inert gas, for example, nitrogen gas, introduced together with the NOx gas into the third step.
  • the nitrogen monoxide-containing gas fraction is introduced into a nitrogen monoxide-recovering column and brought into contact with a molecular oxygen-containing gas and methyl alcohol. During the contact, nitrogen monoxide is converted to methyl nitrite, and the resultant methyl nitrite is absorbed by and dissolved in methyl alcohol. The methyl nitrite-containing methyl alcohol is recycled to the third step methyl nitrite-regenerating column.
  • the operational conditions of the nitrogen monoxide-recovering column are similar to those of the third step methyl nitrite-regenerating column, except that the molecular oxygen-containing gas is fed in an amount of 0.2 mole or more, in terms of oxygen, per mole of nitrogen monoxide contained in the purge gas, no NOx gas is fed, and methyl alcohol is directly fed into the nitrogen monoxide-recovering column without passing through the methyl nitrite-recovering column.
  • a material gas comprising carbon monoxide, methyl nitrite and nitrogen monoxide is pressurized by a gas-circulator 1 (not shown in Fig. 1) located in a conduit line 20 and then introduced into a top portion of a multi-tube type reactor equipped with reaction tubes packed with a platinum group metal compound-containing solid catalyst, through a conduit 22.
  • a catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide with methyl nitrite is carried out in the gas phase.
  • a reaction product-containing gas passed through the catalyst layers in the reaction tubes is withdrawn from the bottom portion of the reactor 1 and then introduced into a dimethyl carbonate-absorbing column 2 through a conduit 11.
  • the introduced gas containing dimethyl carbonate is brought into contact with methyl alcohol introduced through a conduit 13 and with dimethyl oxalate introduced through a conduit 14, and dimethyl carbonate in the introduced gas is absorbed and collected by dimethyl oxalate.
  • a resultant liquid fraction containing dimethyl carbonate, dimethyl oxalate and methyl alcohol is withdrawn from a bottom portion of the absorbing column through a conduit 15, and fed into a refining apparatus (not shown in Fig. 1) which may be a conventional apparatus, for example, a distilling column, for collecting dimethyl carbonate from the liquid fraction.
  • a non-condensed gas fraction separated from the liquid fraction and containing non-reacted carbon monoxide, methyl nitrite and nitrogen monoxide produced, as a by-product, by the catalytic reaction is withdrawn from the top portion of the absorbing column 2 through a conduit 12.
  • the non-condensed gas is mixed with a molecular oxygen-containing gas introduced through a conduit 16, and the resultant mixed gas is introduced into a column 3 for regenerating methyl nitrite and brought into contact in counter current with methyl alcohol introduced into a top portion of the regenerating column 3 through a conduit 19.
  • methyl nitrite is regenerated in the column 3.
  • a NOx gas is introduced in a necessary amount into the conduit 12 or the regenerating column 3 through a conduit 17, to mix with the non-condensed gas and the molecular oxygen-containing gas.
  • the resultant regenerated methyl nitrite-containing gas is withdrawn from a top portion of the regenerating column 3 through a conduit 20, and introduced together with fresh carbon monoxide fed through a conduit 21 into the reactor 1 through the conduct 22.
  • a by-product produced in the regenerating column 3 and consisting of water is withdrawn in the state of a solution in methyl alcohol from the bottom portion of the regenerating column 3 through a conduit 18.
  • the water-methyl alcohol solution is subjected to a procedure for removing water from the solution, for example, a distilling procedure.
  • the recovered methyl alcohol is recycled into an absorbing column 2 through the conduit 13, into a methyl nitrite-recovering column 4 through a conduit 24 and/or into a nitrogen monoxide-recovering column 5 through a conduit 27, and re-used in each column.
  • a portion of the regenerated methyl nitrite-containing gas produced in and withdrawn from the regenerating column 3 is purged from the gas-recycling line and introduced into a column 4 for recovering methyl nitrite through a conduit 30.
  • the purged portion of the regenerated methyl nitrite-containing gas will be referred to as a purge gas hereinafter.
  • the introduced purge gas is brought into contact countercurrently with methyl alcohol introduced through the conduit 24 so that methyl nitrite in the purge gas is absorbed and recovered by methyl alcohol.
  • a resultant solution of methyl nitrite in methyl alcohol is withdrawn from the bottom portion of the methyl nitrite-recovering column 4, and fed into the top portion of the methyl nitrite-regenerating column 3 through a conduit 19.
  • a remaining fraction of the purged gas from which methyl nitrite has been recovered in the methyl nitrite-recovering column 4, is withdrawn from the top portion of the column 4 through a conduit 25.
  • the gas fraction withdrawn from the methyl nitrite-recovering column 4 is mixed in the conduit 25 with a molecular oxygen-containing gas introduced through a conduit 26.
  • the mixed gas is introduced into a bottom portion of a column 5 for recovering nitrogen monoxide.
  • the mixed gas is brought into contact countercurrently with methyl alcohol introduced into a top portion of the nitrogen monoxide-recovering column 5, so that nitrogen monoxide and molecular oxygen contained in the mixed gas react with methyl alcohol and methyl nitrite is regenerated by the reaction and dissolved in methyl alcohol.
  • the resultant solution of methyl nitrite in methyl alcohol is withdrawn from the bottom portion of the nitrogen monoxide-recovering column 5 and recycled into a middle portion of the methyl nitrite-regenerating column 3 through a conduit 29.
  • a residual gas fraction in the nitrogen monoxide-recovering column 5 contains nitrogen gas and a small amount of a by-product gas and is discharged from a top portion of the nitrogen monoxide-recovering column 5 through a conduit 28.
  • the reactor was equipped with a jacket through which hot water flows.
  • a material gas comprising 20.0% by volume of carbon monoxide, 10.0% by volume of methyl nitrite, 4.0% by volume of nitrogen monoxide, 7.0% by volume of methyl alcohol, 1.0% by volume of carbon dioxide, and 58.0% by volume of nitrogen was pre-heated at a temperature of about 90°C in a heat exchanger, and then fed into a top portion of the reactor through a diaphragm type gas-circulating pump at a feeding rate of 6.80 Nm 3 /hr under a pressure of 4.02 kg/cm 2 G, so that the material gas was brought into contact with the solid catalyst layers in the reactor.
  • the temperature of the center portions of the catalyst layers was maintained at a level of about 120°C by circulating hot water through the jacket arranged on the shell of the reactor, to catalytically react carbon monoxide with methyl nitrite.
  • the reaction product-containing gas passed through the catalyst layers was withdrawn from the reactor and introduced into a bottom portion of an absorbing column consisting of a Raschig ring packing type gas-liquid contact absorbing apparatus having an inside diameter of 100 mm and a length (height) of 1300 mm.
  • methyl alcohol was introduced at a feeding rate of 0.18 liter/hr into the top of the absorbing column and dimethyl oxalate was introduced into a middle portion of the absorbing column through an inlet located 200 mm below the top of the column at a feeding rate of 2.50 kg/hr, so that the reaction product-containing gas was brought into contact countercurrently with the introduced methyl alcohol and dimethyl oxalate at a column top temperature of 35°C and at a column bottom temperature of 55°C.
  • a non-condensed gas fraction was withdrawn at a flow rate of 6.64 Nm 3 /hr from the top portion of the absorbing column.
  • the withdrawn non-condensed gas contained methyl nitrite in a lower concentration than that in the material gas, because a portion of methyl nitrite contained in the material gas was consumed by the catalytic reaction with carbon monoxide in the reactor.
  • the non-condensed gas was fed into a methyl nitrite-regenerating column to regenerate methyl nitrite from nitrogen monoxide contained in the non-condensed gas.
  • the non-condensed gas was mixed with 78 N liter/hr of oxygen gas and 7.5 N liter/hr of a gas containing 14.0% by volume of nitrogen monoxide, and the resultant mixed gas was introduced into the regenerating column consisting of a gas-liquid contact-absorbing apparatus having an inside diameter of 158 mm and a length (height) of 1400 mm.
  • the introduced mixed gas was brought into contact in counter current with methyl alcohol introduced at a flow rate of 1.5 liter/hr into the top portion of the regenerating column through a methyl nitrite-recovering column, at a column top temperature of 30°C and at a column bottom temperature of 40°C, to regenerate methyl nitrite.
  • a liquid fraction comprising a by-product consisting of water and dissolved in methyl alcohol and a gas fraction containing the regenerated methyl nitrite were provided.
  • the gas fraction was withdrawn at a flow rate of 6.66 Nm 3 /hr from the top portion of the regenerating column, and comprised 17.5% by volume of carbon monoxide, 10.1% by volume of methyl nitrite, 4.0% by volume of nitrogen monoxide, 1.01% by volume of carbon dioxide and 60.4% by volume of nitrogen.
  • a portion of the withdrawn gas fraction was purged in an amount of 6.5 N liter/hr, as a purge gas, and the remaining portion of the withdrawn gas fraction was recycled into the reactor.
  • the purge gas was introduced into a bottom portion of a methyl nitrite-recovering column consisting of a gas-liquid contacting apparatus having an inside diameter of 18 mm and a length (height) of 250 mm, and brought into contact countercurrently with methyl alcohol cooled to a temperature of 10°C and introduced in an amount of 1.5 liter/hr into a top portion of the methyl nitrite-recovering column, to absorb methyl nitrite contained in the purge gas by methyl alcohol.
  • a resultant liquid fraction comprising a solution of methyl nitrite in methyl alcohol was withdrawn from the bottom portion of the methyl nitrite-recovering column and recycled into the top portion of the methyl nitrite-regenerating column.
  • a resultant gas fraction was withdrawn from the top portion of the methyl nitrite-recovering column and contained 0.2% by volume of methyl nitrite and 4.0% by volume of nitrogen monoxide.
  • the withdrawn gas fraction was mixed with 1.0 N liter/hr of air and the mixed gas was fed into a nitrogen monoxide-recovering column.
  • the mixed gas was introduced into the bottom portion of the nitrogen monoxide-recovering column consisting of a gas-liquid contacting apparatus having an inside diameter of 27 mm and a length (height) of 300 mm, and brought into contact countercurrently with 0.2 liter/hr of methyl alcohol cooled to a temperature of 5°C and introduced into the top portion of this column, to regenerate methyl nitrite from nitrogen monoxide contained in the purge gas.
  • the regenerated methyl nitrite was absorbed by methyl alcohol.
  • the resultant liquid fraction contained 0.4% by weight of methyl nitrite dissolved in methyl alcohol, and was recycled into a middle portion of the regenerating column. Also, the resultant gas fraction contained 200 ppm by volume of methyl nitrite and 50 ppm by volume of nitrogen monoxide and was withdrawn from the top portion of the nitrogen monoxide-recovering column.
  • the remaining portion of the gas fraction produced in the regenerating column was mixed in an amount of 6.66 Nm 3 /hr with 0.15 Nm 3 /hr of carbon monoxide, and the mixed gas containing 20.0% by volume of carbon monoxide, 10.0% by volume of methyl nitrite, 4.0% by volume of nitrogen monoxide, 7.0% by volume of methyl alcohol, 1.0% by volume of carbon dioxide and 58.0% by volume of nitrogen was introduced as a material gas into the reactor.
  • the liquid fraction withdrawn from the regenerating column and containing 2.0% by weight of water dissolved in methyl alcohol was subjected in a flow rate of 1.7 liters/hr to a distillation to remove water, and then the resultant refined methyl alcohol was re-used as a methyl alcohol source for the absorbing column, the regenerating column, the methyl nitrite-recovering column and the nitrogen monoxide-recovering column.
  • the target dimethyl carbonate was continuously collected in an amount of 0.540 kg/hr by distilling the liquid fraction in an amount of 3.28 kg/hr withdrawn from the absorbing column. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • dimethyl carbonate was prepared in a space time yield (STY) of 338 kg/m 3 ⁇ hr. After the dimethyl carbonate was absorbed by dimethyl oxalate in an absorbing column 2, methyl nitrite was regenerated in a regenerating column 3. Methyl alcohol was directly fed into the regenerating column 3 through a conduit 19a.
  • the introduced mixed gas was brought into contact countercurrently with 0.2 liter/hr of methyl alcohol cooled to a temperature of 5°C and introduced into the top portion of the column 5, to absorb methyl nitrite contained in the purge gas by methyl alcohol, to convert nitrogen monoxide contained in the purge gas to methyl nitrite, and to absorb the regenerated methyl nitrite by methyl alcohol.
  • the resultant liquid fraction contained 1.3% by weight of methyl nitrite dissolved in methyl alcohol. This liquid fraction was withdrawn from the bottom portion of the column 5 and recycled to a middle portion of the regenerating column 3.
  • This gas fraction contained 2000 ppm by volume of methyl nitrite and 80 ppm by volume of nitrogen monoxide.
  • methyl nitrite in the purge gas is selectively recovered by absorbing it by methyl alcohol so as to reduce the concentration of methyl nitrite in the purge gas
  • the absorbing step for methyl nitrite by methyl alcohol can be effected with an increased efficiency.
  • nitrogen monoxide in the purge gas can be substantially completely recovered by converting it to methyl nitrite and absorbing the resultant methyl nitrite by methyl alcohol.
  • the resultant gas fraction is mixed with an oxygen-containing gas which is necessary to regenerate methyl nitrite from nitrogen monoxide. Therefore, the mixed gas exhibits a significantly reduced risk of explosion. Accordingly, the process of the present invention is useful for continuously producing dimethyl carbonate at a high level of safety with an enhanced efficiency.

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  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
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  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Procédé de production continue de carbonate de diméthyle comprenant:
    une première étape consistant à préparer du carbonate de diméthyle par une réaction catalytique du monoxyde de carbone avec du nitrite de méthyle en phase gazeuse, en présence d'un catalyseur solide, dans un réacteur;
    une seconde étape consistant à absorber le carbonate de diméthyle avec un milieu absorbant comprenant de l'oxalate de diméthyle, dans une colonne d'absorption du carbonate de diméthyle, pour donner une fraction liquide du milieu absorbant contenant le carbonate de diméthyle, et une fraction gazeuse non condensée contenant du monoxyde d'azote;
    une troisième étape consistant à régénérer le nitrite de méthyle en mettant en contact la fraction gazeuse non condensée, contenant le monoxyde d'azote, avec de l'oxygène moléculaire et de l'alcool méthylique, dans une colonne de régénération du nitrite de méthyle, pour donner une fraction liquide contenant de l'eau dissoute dans de l'alcool méthylique, et une fraction gazeuse régénérée contenant le nitrite de méthyle régénéré et du monoxyde d'azote, la majeur partie de la fraction gazeuse régénérée étant recyclée dans le réacteur de la première étape;
    une quatrième étape consistant à recueillir le carbonate de diméthyle en distillant la fraction liquide du milieu absorbant, produite lors de la seconde étape, dans une colonne de distillation; et
    une cinquième étape consistant à récupérer le nitrite de méthyle issu d'un gaz de purge constitué d'une partie mineure de la fraction gazeuse régénérée produite lors de la troisième étape et contenant le nitrite de méthyle régénéré et le monoxyde d'azote, (a) en mettant en contact le gaz de purge avec de l'alcool méthylique pour donner une fraction liquide contenant du nitrite de méthyle absorbé par l'alcool méthylique, et une fraction gazeuse contenant du monoxyde d'azote, et (b) en mettant en contact la fraction gazeuse contenant du monoxyde d'azote avec de l'oxygène moléculaire et de l'alcool méthylique pour convertir le monoxyde d'azote en nitrite de méthyle et pour donner une fraction liquide contenant le nitrite de méthyle.
  2. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel la fraction liquide contenant le nitrite de méthyle, produite au cours de la phase (a) de la cinquième étape, est recyclée dans la colonne de régénération du nitrite de méthyle de la troisième étape.
  3. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel le catalyseur solide de la première étape comprend un composant catalytique contenant au moins un membre choisi parmi les éléments et les composés de métaux du groupe du platine et un support du composant catalytique comprenant au moins un membre choisi parmi le charbon actif, l'alumine, la silice, les terres de diatomées, une zéolithe et les minéraux argileux.
  4. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 3, dans lequel le catalyseur solide comprend en outre un composant catalytique assistant comprenant au moins un membre choisi parmi les composés du cuivre, les composés du fer, les composés du bismuth et les composés du cérium.
  5. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel, dans la première étape, le monoxyde de carbone et le nitrite de méthyle sont dilués avec un gaz inerte pour former un gaz d'alimentation, et dans le gaz d'alimentation, le monoxyde de carbone a une concentration de 1 à 50% en volume, et le nitrite de méthyle a une concentration de 1 à 25% en volume.
  6. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel, dans la première étape, la réaction catalytique est effectuée à une température de 50 à 200°C, sous une pression allant de 0 à 10 kg/cm2G.
  7. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel, dans le seconde étape, l'oxalate de diméthyle est utilisé dans une quantité de 3 à 10 fois le poids de carbonate de diméthyle introduit dans la seconde étape.
  8. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel la seconde étape est effectuée à une température de 0 à 100°C.
  9. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel, dans la seconde étape, l'alcool méthylique est introduit dans la colonne d'absorption du carbonate de diméthyle pour récupérer le carbonate de diméthyle et l'oxalate de diméthyle qui accompagnent le gaz non condensé, la quantité l'alcool méthylique introduite étant de 5 à 30% en poids par rapport au poids de carbonate de diméthyle introduit dans la colonne d'absorption du carbonate de diméthyle.
  10. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel, dans la troisième étape, le gaz contenant l'oxygène moléculaire contient une quantité d'oxygène moléculaire de 0,08 à 0,2 mole par mole de monoxyde d'azote introduite dans la colonne de régénération du nitrite de méthyle.
  11. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel, dans la troisième étape, le contact du gaz non condensé avec le gaz contenant l'oxygène moléculaire et l'alcool méthylique, est effectué à une température de 60°C ou moins.
  12. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel, dans la troisième étape, la quantité d'alcool méthylique introduite est de 2 à 5 moles par mole de monoxyde d'azote introduite dans la colonne de régénération du nitrite de méthyle de la troisième étape.
  13. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel, dans la phase (a) de la cinquième étape, le contact du gaz de purge avec l'alcool méthylique est effectué à une température de -5 à 30°C.
  14. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel, dans la phase (a) de la cinquième étape, la quantité d'alcool méthylique utilisée est de 2 à 5 moles par mole de monoxyde d'azote introduite dans la colonne de régénération du nitrite de méthyle de la troisième étape.
  15. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel, dans la phase (b) de la cinquième étape, le gaz contenant l'oxygène moléculaire contient de l'oxygène moléculaire dans une quantité de 0,2 mole ou plus par mole de monoxyde d'azote que contient le gaz de purge.
  16. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel les fractions d'alcool méthylique contenant du nitrite de méthyle et produites lors des phases (a) et (b) de la cinquième étape, sont recyclées dans la colonne de régénération du nitrite de méthyle de la troisième étape.
  17. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel, dans la quatrième étape, la fraction du milieu absorbant produite lors de la seconde étape, est soumise à une procédure de distillation par extraction pour éliminer les composés ayant une faible température d'ébullition, et ensuite à une procédure de distillation pour recueillir le carbonate de diméthyle.
  18. Procédé tel que revendiqué dans la revendication 1, dans lequel, dans la troisième étape, le gaz non condense est mélangé avec un NOx gazeux.
EP94118455A 1993-11-26 1994-11-24 Procédé de production continue de carbonate de diméthyle Expired - Lifetime EP0655432B1 (fr)

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JP296277/93 1993-11-26
JP5296277A JP2937292B2 (ja) 1993-11-26 1993-11-26 炭酸ジメチルの連続製造方法

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EP0655432A1 EP0655432A1 (fr) 1995-05-31
EP0655432B1 true EP0655432B1 (fr) 1997-10-22

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US6280519B1 (en) * 1998-05-05 2001-08-28 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Environmentally preferred fluids and fluid blends
US6818049B1 (en) 1998-05-05 2004-11-16 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Environmentally preferred fluids and fluid blends
US6314956B1 (en) 1999-09-08 2001-11-13 Duke University Pulmonary delivery of NO group-containing compound in gas form to treat respiratory, cardiac and blood disorders
CN102218291B (zh) * 2010-04-15 2014-03-26 中国石油化工股份有限公司 化学反应的方法
CN105688608B (zh) * 2016-02-19 2018-04-10 宁波金远东石化工程技术有限公司 净化酯化部出口气体中酸性气体和水分的方法及其装置
CN111606805B (zh) * 2020-05-09 2023-09-29 湖北三宁化工股份有限公司 煤制乙二醇装置联产碳酸二甲酯的生产工艺及装置
CN114433008B (zh) * 2022-01-17 2024-01-23 常州大学 一种用于吸附分离甲醇/碳酸二甲酯的凹凸棒土复合材料的制备方法

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US4879401A (en) * 1987-09-29 1989-11-07 Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc. Process for removal of impurities in alkyl nitrite formation
US5162563A (en) * 1989-10-24 1992-11-10 Ube Industries, Ltd. Process for preparing a diester of carboxylic acid
CA2073830C (fr) * 1991-07-19 2003-10-07 Keigo Nishihira Procede continu de preparation du carbonate de dimethyle

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US5514829A (en) 1996-05-07
JP2937292B2 (ja) 1999-08-23
DE69406395D1 (de) 1997-11-27
DE69406395T2 (de) 1998-04-23
EP0655432A1 (fr) 1995-05-31
JPH07145108A (ja) 1995-06-06
ES2109579T3 (es) 1998-01-16

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