EP0654561B1 - Railway switch - Google Patents

Abstract

Railway switch (points) with rigid rails (2) and pivotable switch blades (switch tongues) (4), at least one roller (1) with a shaft (11) being arranged in the pivoting region, the upper vertex (7) of which lies higher than the corresponding bearing surface (5), the roller (1), in the position of contact of the switch blade (4) on the rigid rail (2), bearing against the switch blade (4) below its upper vertex (7) and, outside this position, the switch blade (4) being able to be carried by rollers (1), and the roller (1) being resiliently mounted in the direction transversely to the track plane (8), the roller (1) being arranged to be adjustable both transversely and in the direction of the track plane (8), and its shaft (11) being oriented in the direction of the rigid rail (2), and the shaft ends (12) of the roller (1) being arranged to be height-adjustable in receptacles (21), and at least one receptacle (21) being holdable indirectly or directly in the direction of the rigid rail (2) via at least one distance piece (29). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention has a switch for rails of the rail-bound Traffic with stock rails and swiveling switch tongues to the subject.

The most stressed parts of a track lie within the Dodging. Usually the rails of the tracks must be with the Substructure, i.e. the sleepers, concrete support elements or the like. Immovable be connected, points are forced moving parts, u. between the switch tongues. These switch tongues must now be brought into the functional position, the same load-bearing capacity how the rails have as such. The rails of a track must be in order to ensure appropriate driving comfort and to also allow high stability, when loaded by a Compress train, such a compression in vertical Direction can be a few millimeters. A turnout is allowed inside of a track do not represent a foreign body, but must essentially the same static and dynamic properties, like the rest of the route, even if trains like usual in itself, switches at a lower speed happen.

The exact positioning of stock rails is essentially easy to carry out, as this with the carrier element, for. B. Support plate, threshold or the like. Can be permanently connected, so there is a requirement with the movable switch tongue that it can support itself in the functional position. With conventional Points are provided for sliding chairs on which the foot the switch tongue when moving it from a rest position can slide into working position and back. An exact one To allow the switch tongues to rest against the stock rails, these sliding chairs are made with conventional lubricants provided to keep the friction as low as possible. In any case, there is a great need for lubricants, regular maintenance is carried out at the same time got to. There is also the difficulty that in areas with frost and especially with freeze / thaw changes within a day There is a risk that the switch tongues are fixed by ice be so that a heating process for their function is required.

To convert the sliding friction into a rolling friction between sliding chair and foot of the switch tongues it is known To provide roles. These roles were initially arranged that the switch tongues also in the functional position from the rollers were worn. Overloading of the rollers occurred, so that they were no longer functional and therefore also have hindered the function of the switches. The next step was to just place the roles outside of that area, which is acted upon by the switch tongues when they rest on the stock rails. Such a switch is described in AT-B-375 697. For the movement of the Switch tongue from its functional position in the system to one Stock rail is the switch tongue over rollers on which it is raised, so that the movement of the switch tongue in each case by support on the rollers, whereas the Switch tongue in contact with the stock rail on the conventional ones Sliding chairs. The roles are in one Roller bracket mounted on the spring steel parts on the Thresholds can be stored. An exact height and lateral adjustment of the roller block can only by Fixing the roller block with screws on the sleepers take place, the side adjustment by appropriate lateral Move and then screw the roller block tight takes place and the height adjustment via intermediate layers between the roller stand and wooden sleepers. However, the functionality of such a switch is only then given when the rollers are both precisely positioned is given in the vertical and horizontal directions. At a mounted roller block, the position of the rollers is specified, whereby a horizontal correction of the situation is hardly possible, because of that additional holes are required in the wooden sleepers that should be provided next to each other at a short distance, so that the the corresponding drill holes merge. A vertical one Readjustment or positioning of the roller stand by Intermediate layers between the wooden rail and roller block can on the one hand lead to premature destruction of the wooden sleeper and on the other hand requires an increased effort for those in operation located thresholds, so that an exact positioning only is difficult to do, and at the same time, unnecessary dwell time by operating personnel in the danger zone of the sleepers is caused.

A switch is known from EP-A1-0 532 860, in which the roller block is adjustable both vertically and horizontally. A holder for the roller stand is provided, which has an elongated hole oriented in the vertical direction. By this elongated hole has a screw bolt pushed through it in turn slidable in a horizontally oriented slot is arranged. For horizontal and vertical positioning of the Roller bracket, it is necessary to loosen the screw bolt Bring the roller block into the desired position and then on Tighten the screw bolt. Such However, the device has the disadvantage that the exact Positioning is only possible with additional wedges or the like, since for example, a height adjustment when the rollers are loaded upwards is only possible against the force of the switch tongue, these to enable the roles to function, each needs to be raised slightly. The location of the The roller block is then made by tightening the screw bolt, through a frictional connection. Such a connection is the high forces that occur in rail traffic, not grown, so a constant readjustment must be carried out when the roles fulfill their function should not and also additionally provided sliding chairs Function should take over instead of the roles, so that the roles become inoperative.

The object of the invention is to create a switch where the switch tongues do not slide, but roll in their functional position and be moved out of this again can and in which the roles both in height and in their lateral position with little effort exactly and permanently can be positioned, with existing switches without large workload can be redesigned.

The switch according to the invention, which from a state of Technology proceeds as it is given by EP-A1-0 532 860 for Rail transport tracks with stock rails and swiveling switch tongues, the stock rails on Carrier elements, e.g. B. sleepers, support plates, threshold gratings, in essentially unmovable in the direction of the track level are attached and at least in the area of the tongue ends of the contact surfaces for the switch tongues when the same is applied to the Stock rails are provided, at least in the swivel range one, in particular cylindrical, roller with shaft arranged whose top vertex is normal to the track level, is higher than the corresponding contact surface, with the role in Position of the switch tongue on the stock rail on the Switch tongue lies below its upper vertex and outside in this position the switch tongue can be carried by rollers, and the roll transversely to the track level in the direction transverse to the track level is resiliently mounted, the role both transversely and in Direction of the track level is arranged adjustable, and its shaft is aligned in the longitudinal direction of the stock rail essential in that the shaft ends of the roller change in height are arranged in recordings and at least one recording directly or indirectly via at least one spacer in Direction towards the stock rail is durable. By laying down of the tongue ends on contact surfaces when the same is applied to the Stock rails is an exact positioning of them in the functional position ensured. With a height-adjustable arrangement the shaft ends of the roller in a recording is ensured that, for example, a roller block or the like, preferably made of a weather and corrosion-resistant material, e.g. B. Non-ferrous metal, can be connected to the carrier element, so that only the shaft ends have to be changed in height and not a roller block or the like must be underlaid, with which a corresponding little effort is required to change the height, which enables particularly precise positioning at the same time is. The fact that at least one recording over at least one Spacer in the direction of the stock rail is durable particularly precise positioning of the rollers in relation to the Switch tongues are carried out because the roles against the Rail tongue are pressed so that one end position the roles of the recording only so far against the Switch tongues must be moved that the role in the corresponding Position on the switch tongue. Such a position can for example at 30 ° or 60 ° of the role in the upper quadrant amount, so that a corresponding lifting work for the Switch tongues is ensured.

Is the inclusion for a shaft end through a cross, in particular normal, oriented towards the role and open towards the track formed at least partially closed groove below, so a particularly precise positioning of the roll in the horizontal direction with respect to the stock rail, at the same time one easy vertical positioning by defining the shaft ends or the shaft end is reachable.

Are the ends of the waves in the respective recordings Intermediate pieces on, even with strong and shock-like Loads on the shafts an immovable positioning in given vertical direction.

Are the ends of the waves, which in cross section as a polygon, in particular square, are formed over only one surface the intermediate piece, so is a particularly favorable transfer of forces between shaft ends and spacers, with what a particularly low deformation and thus change in position the intermediate pieces is specified.

Have the intermediate pieces in operative connection with each other standing projections and recesses, in particular in the form of Truncated cones, it can be ensured that intermediate pieces not due to vibrational loads from their functional position emerge, but in the functional position remain.

Are the recordings for at least one, in particular two, Roll (s) in a spring on the support element (s) attached roller holder provided, so can the roles the required vertical travel, which is not are only required to compensate for assembly freedom, but also a compression of the road, especially on firm roads Allow tongue like the loaded stock rail.

There is an up and down adjustable screw in the holder arranged, which carries the shaft end, so a particularly precise positioning can be made, whereby both the positioning and the lifting of the shaft ends done in one operation.

Is the roll holder with at least one holder for at least a role resiliently held towards the stock rail, so the tongue rail can be particularly well attached to the roller The stock rail rests and the resistance when moving the Tongue splint can be kept even lower.

Is the roll holder with receptacles for at least one roll via leaf springs on the support element (s) attached, so a construction is made that is suitable absorb particularly large forces in the vertical direction, whereby large forces against twisting of the holder at the same time be brought towards.

Is the role recording with the recordings for at least one Roll over at least one leaf spring, on which a spring element attacks, stable in the direction of the center of the track, so during assembly a particularly simple adjustment.

Are the distal ends of the leaf springs in each case a groove or the like, which is oriented in the direction of the track plane, arranged, which groove in the end near the stock rail a spring which presses the leaf spring towards the middle of the track, the leaf spring via an interchangeable spacer is adjustable, so is a particularly simple and accurate positioning the role with respect to the tongue ends towards the stock rail feasible.

The roll holder has two blind holes for receiving the Leaf springs on, the same can be inserted into the Blind holes can be easily positioned, which process, in particular in the desired time-consuming assembly process of particular importance without disrupting normal train operations is.

Grip the leaf springs, especially those made of steel preferably with non-ferrous metal roll holder electrically insulating shoes, e.g. B. rubber, in the blind holes, on the one hand there is contact corrosion between steel and non-ferrous metal avoided, on the other hand by the material of the shoes a vibration-damping effect can be achieved.

If the leaf springs are held in the reel seat with a clamp fit, so is an additional mechanical processing of the leaf springs not necessary, with large areas for Power transmission between leaf spring and roller mount observed can be.

Carries the shaft via two roller bearings, especially ball bearings Role, so a particularly stable storage of the role is given. A one-time permanent lubrication can be carried out by the producer will.

Are the rolling bearings to the outside via Simmerrings opposite the Sealed shaft and the roller, which preferably from in one Slides that can be used in the roll are covered, so is one Sealing of the roller bearings, which is usually only given fast rotating shafts is used, so that a special long life is guaranteed. By the additional Covering over washers is a mechanical injury and Contamination of the oil seals, be it in the area opposite the Role or in the particularly sensitive area to the Wave easily avoided.

The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings explained.

Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Weiche im Schnitt,

Fig. 2 eine zwischen zwei Schwellen angeordnete Rolle,

Fig. 3 den Schnitt entlang der Linie III-III von Fig. 2,

Fig. 4 und 5 ein Zwischenstück in Draufsicht und in Seitenansicht und

Fig. 6 eine Befestigung für Federn.

Show it:

1 is a schematic representation of a switch in section,

2 shows a roller arranged between two sleepers,

3 shows the section along the line III-III of FIG. 2,

4 and 5 an intermediate piece in plan view and in side view and

Fig. 6 an attachment for springs.

The schematic sectional illustration in FIG. 1 allows a particular one clear explanation of how roles 1 work Switches. The stock rails 2 are fixed to the carrier element 3 connected. The carrier element can, for example, by a wooden sleeper but also through concrete slabs, threshold rust or the like. The switch tongues 4 lie on one Contact surface 5 on her foot 6. Now becomes the switch tongue 4 from their position in which they are on the stock rail 2 rests, moves, the switch tongue is raised by the roller 1, so that, as shown in the right side of the figure, the foot 6 the switch tongue cooperates with the circumference of the roller 1, so that the switch tongue is raised and not on the support surface 5 is slidably moved, but at a distance from it with a slight movement of the switch tongue their functional position is raised. Such a lifting is possible if the upper vertex 7 of the roller 1 is higher than the support surface 5. Such a higher lying is normal to understand the track level 8, the straight rails runs horizontally in the plane, but for curves to the inside of the curve is inclined and for mountain routes to the horizontal in Longitudinal direction of the tracks is inclined.

2, a roller 1 is arranged in a roller holder 9, which in turn on leaf springs 10 on the carrier elements 3rd is attached. Multiple roll recordings with rolls can also be made be provided, with a second roller holder dash-dotted is partially shown. The role shows how particularly clearly 3 shows a shaft 11, which at its ends in Cross section is square. The wave carries over two Ball bearing 13 the role 1. Furthermore, the shaft is over two Simmerrings 14 sealed, with an additional one to the outside Disk 15 is provided, which is in a groove 16 in the roll 1st snaps into place. The roller holder 9 is made of weatherproof and corrosion-resistant Non-ferrous metal built up. The springs 10 exist made of steel and are in the slit-shaped blind holes 17 Plastic shoes 18 set. A position fixation of the leaf springs 10 in the blind holes 17 is done by clamping on the Screws 19 with nuts 20. The nuts show, as such known, a plastic insert, so that an anti-rotation given is. The roll holder 9 has receptacles 21 for the Shaft ends 12 on. The receptacle 21 is a down closed groove, the shaft ends over the spacers 22 rest on the bottom of the groove. These are intermediate pieces 4 and 5, wherein a truncated cone Protrusion 23 engage in a corresponding recess 24 can, so that by simply inserting the intermediate pieces 22, which have different thicknesses, a height Position fixation is feasible. The projection 23 should be down have, the recording also a corresponding recess has, so that the area of the square of the shaft end 12 can rest on the same. Instead of that Intermediate pieces can also set screws (not shown) be provided.

The leaf springs, which are fixed in the roll holder 9, are fixed to the carrier elements 3 via holding elements 25. These holding elements 25 are via screws 26 with the support elements 3 connected. If desired, the holding elements also welded to the part having the bearing surface 5 will. The holding elements also have recesses or Grooves 27 which run approximately parallel to the stock rails 2. The ends of the leaf springs arranged in these grooves are via springs 28 in the to the stock rails 2nd parallel grooves 27 pressed against the middle of the track be, and in this position via interchangeable spacers 29 can be positioned. Although only in the right part 2 such a definition of the leaf springs is shown, can be provided for both leaf springs 10 such storage be so that the roller 1 corresponding to the position shown in FIG. 1st (left half of the picture) partially pushed under the switch tongue becomes. By choosing the spacers 29, a corresponding one Fixing the rollers against the force of the spring 28 in Attachment to the foot of the tongue rail can be reached. If desired, after the roll in its appropriate position is pressed over a spacer 29, an additional fixation the leaf spring 10 in the direction against the spring force of the spring 28 respectively. The spacers are against falling out of the Groove by bending a section of the holding element secured. The height of the role can be special simply by removing roll 1 and inserting intermediate pieces 22 different thicknesses and then reinserted the role.

In the holding element 25 shown in FIG. 6, the groove 27 executed in two parts and forms approximately U-shaped receptacles for the ends of a bow-shaped holding part 30 which is one end of the Leaf springs 10 picks up. To remove the leaf spring with the Retaining element 30 must hold the retaining element together with the leaf springs have been pushed against the force of the spring 28, so that the other end of the bracket can be lifted out of the groove 27 and then the bracket in its entirety in the other direction is pushed again and the end of the spring 10 out of the holding element can be removed. Such removal causes the roller holder 9 in its entirety despite the assembled, e.g. B. welded, holding element, for example for a height adjustment of the roller 1, even during the normal railway operations, without large additional mechanical Effort can be removed.

As a rule, the roll holder is mounted in such a way that at the roller rail so far the roller rail so far is moved against the tongue rail that the role in concern comes to the tongue rail. Then a fixation on carried out the support elements. An additional shift the rollers against the tongue rail can be through the spacers take place in the groove, with a pre-tension achieved in this way should be that the rollers can no longer be rotated by hand. This creates a preload of the rollers in the direction above and also towards the stock rail.

Claims (16)

1. Switching device for track in a rail-borne transport system comprising stock rails (2) and pivotable switch tongues (4), wherein the stock rails (2) are releasably attached on carrier elements (3) in such a manner as to be non-displaceable substantially in the direction of the track plane (8) and provided at least in the region of the tongue ends are contact surfaces (5) for the switch tongues (4) as they contact the stock rails (2), wherein at least one, in particular cylindrical, roller (1) comprising a shaft (11) is disposed in the pivot region and the upper crown (7) of said roller perpendicular to the track plane (8) lies higher than the corresponding contact surface (5), wherein the roller (1) lies against the switch tongue (4) below its upper crown (7) when the switch tongue (4) is in position lying against the stock rail (2) and when not in this position the switch tongue (4) can be carried by rollers (1) and the roller (1) is resiliently mounted transverse to the track plane (8) in the direction transverse to the track plane (8), wherein the roller (1) is disposed in an adjustable manner both transverse to and also in the direction of the track plane (8) and its shaft (11) is aligned in the longitudinal direction of the stock rail (2), characterised in that, the shaft ends (12) of the roller (1) are disposed in a height-adjustable manner in receiving devices (21) and at least one receiving device (21) can be held in the direction of the stock rail (2) directly or indirectly by way of at least one spacer (29) .
2. Switching device for track according to claim 1, characterised in that the receiving device (21) for one shaft end (12) is formed by virtue of a groove which is aligned in a transverse, in particular perpendicular, manner with respect to the track plane (8), is open towards the roller (1) and is at least partially closed in the downwards direction.
3. Switching device for track according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the shaft ends (12) lie in the respective receiving device (21) by way of intermediate pieces (22).
4. Switching device for track according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that particular four-sided, and lie on the intermediate pieces (22) by way of only one surface.
5. Switching device for track according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the intermediate pieces (22) are mutually connected in an operative manner and comprise projections (23) and recesses (24), in particular in the form of truncated cones.
6. Switching device for track according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that disposed in the receiving device (21) is an adjusting screw which is upwardly and downwardly adjustable and which supports the shaft end.
7. Switching device for track according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the receiving devices (21) are provided for at least one, in particular two, roller(s) in a roller receiving device (9) attached in a resilient manner on the carrier element(s) (3).
8. Switching device for track according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the roller receiving device (9) comprising the receiving devices (21) for at least one roller (1) can be held in a resilient manner in the direction of the stock rail (2).
9. Switching device for track according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the roller receiving device (9) comprising the receiving devices (21) for at least one roller (1) is attached by way of leaf springs (10) at the or on the carrier element(s) (3).
10. Switching device for track according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the roller receiving device (9) comprising the receiving devices (21) for at least one roller (1) can be held in the direction of the track middle by way of at least one leaf spring (10) which is engaged by a resilient element (28).
11. Switching device for track according to any one of claims 8, 9 or 10, characterised in that the ends, remote from the roller receiving device, of the leaf spring (10) are disposed in each case in a groove (27) aligned in the direction of the track plane (8), which groove (27) comprises in the end in the proximity of the stock rail a spring (28) which urges the leaf spring (10) in the direction of the track middle, wherein the leaf spring (10) can be adjusted by way of a replaceable spacer (29).
12. Switching device for track according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterised in that the roller receiving device (9) comprises two blind holes (17) for the purpose of receiving the leaf springs (10).
13. Switching device for track according to claim 12, characterised in that the leaf springs (10) in the roller receiving device (9), which is constructed from nonferrous metal, engage into the blind holes (17) by way of electrically insulating boots made for example from synthetic material, rubber.
14. Switching device for track according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterised in that the leaf springs (10) are held in the roller receiving device (9) by means of a force fit.
15. Switching device for track according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the shaft (11) supports the roller (1) by way of two roller bearings, in particular ball bearings (13).
16. Switching device for track according to claim 15, characterised in that the roller bearings (13) are sealed with respect to the shaft (11) and the roller (1) towards the outside by way of shaft seals (14) which are preferably covered by discs (15) which can engage in a groove (16) in the roller (1).

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