EP0649689B1 - Method and device for making compression fittings - Google Patents

Abstract

In a method for the production of press fittings, especially those made of copper, a blank (11) is held in a die (2), supported on the inner wall in the pipe connection region by means of a supporting mandrel and is then upset axially, the material of the blank being made to flow into an annular groove (7, 8) provided in the die and surrounding the pipe connection region to form a bead running around the outside. After the supporting mandrel (19) has been removed, an all-round bead is formed in the blank from the inside in the region of the annular groove, whereupon the finished press fitting is removed from the die. <IMAGE>

Description

To connect pipes are from practice Press fittings known that consist of a plastically deformable Material, such as steel, exist. Such one Press fitting is on a free to be provided Pipe end inserted and pressed together so that it is tight sits. The press fitting is plastically deformed. However, the plastic deformation must not become one Weakening of the material, otherwise there are leaks or other damage could. It is therefore desirable that the press fittings even before it is pressed together, fits snugly on the relevant pipe ends sit, so that not too big Deformation required to create the tight connection is.

Press fittings are mass-produced items and are used by Execution of pipeline installations in large numbers used. From this derives the requirement produce such press fittings as inexpensively as possible to be able to.

At the connection point where the press fitting with is in contact with the pipe to be connected, it can especially if the pipe and fitting are in the water installation used to form a corrosion-promoting electrical local element come when the pipe and fitting are made of metals that have different electrochemical potentials. Around To avoid this, the press fitting should be avoided to produce the same material as that used Pipe material exists.

From US-A-1 817 854 state of the art is a method of attachment a screw flange on a pipe end known. This screw flange is essentially tubular trained and at its to be pushed onto the pipe end With external thread. One sits on this Union nut that fixes the screw flange against one on the Tube end formed bead presses. To train the Bead on the pipe end, a special tool is proposed. This includes a two-part die a through hole running along the parting surface to accommodate the bead to be provided Pipe end. On one side of the die closes on the Mouth of the through hole a quarter-circular in cross section Groove on the through hole. To that Tool also includes another die part, the contains a stepped bore. In the narrower part of the stepped bore a thorn sits in the one with the bead fitting pipe end fits into it. Between the thorn and the Wall of the larger diameter area of the stepped bore there remains an annular gap for receiving the pipe end. On the opening side, an im connects to the annular gap Cross-section of a quarter-circular ring groove that is common with the ring groove provided on the two-part die determines the shape of the ring bead to be trained.

To get the desired one at the end of the pipe with this tool To form a ring bead, the pipe end in the Through hole of the two-part die clamped, by clamping the die halves against each other. The longitudinal position of the pipe end is determined so that the die part with the mandrel rests on the Place the pipe end protruding from the two-part die in this way lets the mandrel penetrate into the pipe end and that Pipe end with its end face on the one bearing the mandrel Matrix is present if it is still of the two-part Die is removed. The two-part and the one-part Die are now pressed towards each other so that it is off the two-part die protruding tube end is compressed, being in the area between the two matrices bulges defined ring groove to the outside. The desired bead formed.

While the female mold the outer shape of the bead defines, its inner contour is not precisely determined.

From this problem mentioned in the beginning the task itself, a process for the production of Specify press fittings with which they are true to size and in good quality made from the desired material can be. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide an apparatus for performing the method.

The above on the creation of the procedure directed part of the task is through a procedure with the features of claim 1 or 2 solved.

As a result of the division of the die into at least two halves, it is possible to produce fittings with an outer contour having undercuts. During the manufacturing process, the press fitting is enclosed by the die to such an extent that its section lying between the beads is defined and delimited by the die. By inserting the support mandrel into the externally accessible opening of the pipe connection area of the fitting, the press fitting is also fixed inward for further processing. This ensures that the inside diameter of the pipe connection area is not narrowed during the subsequent machining operations and that a dimensionally accurate press fitting is produced.
In the subsequent upsetting process, the wall thickness of the pipe connection area cannot increase significantly, and the inside and outside diameters remain largely unchanged. However, the wall material compressed in this work step flows into the annular groove provided in the die, a more or less pronounced bead being formed on the inside of the pipe connection area and a bulge being formed on the outside. The interplay of the support mandrel or the die section and the means upsetting the pipe connection area with a corresponding dimensioning of their working stroke ensures that there is sufficient material in the area of the annular groove for the subsequent molding process in which the bead is finished. The bead then has approximately the same wall thickness as the rest of the pipe connection area. In particular, as a result of the upsetting process that takes place before the bead is formed, it is ensured that the wall thickness in the area of the bead is not significantly weakened. Thus, the bead is not a weak point and the press fitting produced with this process can be expected to have a good seal and durability.
Even if, for example as a result of thermal expansion of the pipes connected to the press fittings, greater axial forces occur, the press fittings hold reliably without crack formation. This enables the production of copper press fittings with which copper pipes that are subject to high thermal expansion (50% larger than steel) can be connected to one another without the formation of local elements.
The process is easy to automate. The press fittings can thus be manufactured fully automatically and therefore inexpensively.
In a simple variant of the method, the blank is cut to length at the pipe connection area to be compressed after it has been inserted into the die and before the support mandrel has been inserted. An otherwise harmful influence of length tolerances of the blanks, which could influence the extent of the compression and thus the wall thickness in the area of the bead, can thus be reliably eliminated.

Also the dimensional accuracy of the finished fitting it benefits if the blank at least during the Deformation is fixed axially, so that slipping is safely excluded during the upsetting process.

In the variant of the The method of claim 2 in the upsetting process synchronously be moved with a pressing means used for upsetting. Then there is no relative movement between the the pipe end protruding out of the die and the die section instead of. This has the advantage that one with the Forming process in the tube wall and in the The crease line of the die section not shifted towards are needed. The stress on the material of the blank the upsetting process is kept low.

The formation of the bead from that in the upsetting process by means of the trailing sleeve or the pressing means Bead, in the area of which the wall thickness is at least initially slightly enlarged, can easily by means of an eccentrically rotating one in the pipe connection piece Role. This presses the compressed wall material into the ring groove. This means that the wall material lies snugly on the outside of the ring groove. Determines the inside of the pipe connection area Roll the geometric shape of the bead, so that in particular this area, which later served as a seal O-ring is inserted, has a very good dimensional accuracy. The otherwise rotatably mounted roller pushed radially outwards over several rounds until the intended bead shape is reached.

The insertion process is finished when the wall thickness in the area of the bead approximately the same as the rest Wall thickness of the pipe connection area is. Especially it is ensured that the wall thickness of the bead only is insignificantly less than the remaining wall thickness, however, if necessary, this can also be somewhat thinner than that remaining wall thickness can be kept, namely if the corresponding Pipe connection area not very compressed been and in the subsequent rolling process Wall thickness rolled back beyond the original dimension has been.

The above referred to the creation of a device part directing the execution of the procedure the task is accomplished by a device with the features of claim 10 and 11 solved.

The device has a die, which consists of several parts, i.e. is at least in two parts, so that the keeps constructive effort within limits. The die takes the blank, with sections starting from the respective Project the mouth out of the die.

To support the wall of the pipe connection area to be compressed the support mandrel is provided on the inside, especially in the subsequent upsetting process prevents collapsed wall material in the Pipe cross-section occurs and this narrows. That for Implementation of the compression process provided pressing means can the pipe connection area with a single stroke compress in a fast-moving process. In the device according to claim 10 on the die completed to and away from this movable die section the matrix so that both together share the recording room for the press fitting. However, the die section movable, so that the upsetting process already can begin before the die section on the die is present. In which there is thus between the die section and the relatively wide gap forming the die bulges the blank is exposed to the outside in a wide area, this area can be kept just as large that the blank on one for the good training of the later Beading required length buckles outwards.

The movable die section can be annular with which it has a high stability and a precise compression of the press fitting allowed.

A rigid connection between the die section and the pressing means makes the two work synchronously Elements safe, with particularly good work results can be achieved. The pressing agent and the die section are integrally formed with one another be, forming an annular die. With the press fitting can be compressed in one working stroke be without additional means to bring about a synchronization between the pressing means and the Die section would be required.

The formation of the pressing agent as an inner shoulder the die section enables a uniform action on the front wall of the pipe connection area. Here results, especially if the inner shoulder on the a flat end face on the side facing the die has a uniform pressure distribution on the pipe connection area.

When the pressing means by the actuator is axially positively guided by the pressing means Working stroke to be carried out by the actuating device fixed and incomplete upsetting avoided.

The roller device can have a separate die section be assigned. In this case, the Upsetting device associated die cut and the the die section assigned to the roller device for the each work step can be optimized match those of the respective die sections with the Commonly delimited ring grooves with each other largely match. This results in a clean press fitting with precisely shaped beads.

During the rolling process, in which the pre-compressed bead is rolled into the desired shape, considerable occur radial forces acting on the die section. Therefore, it is advantageous if the die section is on the matrix is supported. This can be a positive Serve connection between the two.

The one that can be moved in and out of the pipe connection area Rolling device can be eccentric on a circular path be moved so that the intended bead in one Rolling or rolling process is formed.

The rolling device can be particularly simple comprise a carrier, on the front side of a role is rotatably mounted. This carrier will come out of the support mandrel and the pressing means from that in the die inserted pipe connection area into this, after which he started with a radial movement on the area of the Wall on which the bead is to be formed, pressed becomes. After that, the role performs the eccentric rolling motion from which the bead is rolled.

If the roll has an arcuate cross section, whose radius is smaller than that by the wall thickness The radius of the bead provided in the die can be changed Wall thickness of the press fitting over the entire area of Bead to be kept essentially constant.

If the roll has a cross-section like Bell curve has, can be achieved that the bead after performing the rolling or rolling process with a smooth curve passes into the rest of the pipe wall.

A uniform symmetrical formation of the ring groove is obtained when the carrier is substantially axially parallel to the longitudinal extent of the pipe connection area is guided on a concentric path.

Fig. 1

eine Vorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung zum Herstellen von Pressfittings bei der Ausführung eines ersten Verfahrensschrittes, in einer ausschnittsweisen und leicht schematisierten aufgebrochenen Darstellung,

Fig. 2

die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 bei der Ausführung eines zweiten Verfahrensschritts, in einer ausschnittsweisen und leicht schematisierten aufgebrochenen Darstellung,

Fig. 3

die Vorrichtung nach den Fig. 1 und 2 bei der Ausführung eines weiteren Verfahrensschrittes, in einer ausschnittsweisen, schematisierten aufgebrochenen Darstellung,

Fig. 4

eine andere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines als Rohrverzweigung ausgebildeten Preßfittings in einer ausschnittsweisen schematisierten und aufgebrochenen Darstellung,

Fig. 5

eine andere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Rohrkrümmers mit einseitigem Preßflansch, in einer ausschnittsweisen, schematisierten aufgebrochenen Darstellung.

Fig. 6

eine abgewandelte Vorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung zum Herstellen von Pressfittings bei der Ausführung eines ersten Verfahrensschrittes, in einer ausschnittsweisen und leicht schematisierten aufgebrochenen Darstellung,

Fig. 7

die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 bei der Ausführung eines weiteren Verfahrensschritts, in einer auschnittsweisen und leicht schematisierten aufgebrochenen Darstellung und

Fig. 8

die Vorrichtung nach den Fig. 1 und 2 bei der Ausführung eines weiteren Verfahrensschrittes, in einer ausschnittsweisen, schematisierten aufgebrochenen Darstellung.

In Fig. 1 ist beispielhaft eine Vorrichtung 1 zur Herstellung von Winkelfittings ausschnittsweise dargestellt. Zu der Vorrichtung 1 gehört zunächst eine zweiteilige Matrize 2, von der in Fig. 1 lediglich das angeschnittene Unterteil schematisch dargestellt ist. Die Matrize 2 weist einen Aufnahmeraum 3 auf, dessen Form mit guter Genauigkeit der gewünschten Außenkontur des herzustellenden Preßfittings entspricht. Bei dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem die Matrize 2 für einen rechtwinkligen Preßfitting vorgesehen ist, hat auch der Aufnahmeraum 3 die Form eines rechtwinkligen Preßfittings, die durch zwei im rechten Winkel zueinander stehende, über einen bogenförmigen Durchgang 4 verbundene Zylinderbohrungen 5, 6 bestimmt ist. Im Bereiche der Zylinderbohrungen 5, 6 ist um einen Abstand von einigen Millimetern bis Zentimetern von der Mündung der jeweiligen Zylinderbohrung 5, 6 entfernt jeweils eine Ringnut 7, 8 vorgesehen, die zu den jeweiligen mit 9 und 10 bezeichneten Bohrungsachsen jeweils koaxial liegt.
In den Aufnahmeraum 3 ist ein Rohling 11 eingelegt, aus dem der spätere Preßfitting zu fertigen ist. Der Rohling 11 entspricht in seinen Außenabmessungen dem Aufnahmeraum, so daß er satt in der Matrize 2 liegt. Die in den Zylinderbohrungen 5, 6 liegenden Abschnitte des Rohlings 11 sind sogenannte Rohranschlußbereiche 12, 13, die zunächst noch hohlzylindrisch sind und nicht in den Ringnuten 7, 8 liegen, d.h. die noch keine Sicke aufweisen.
Außerdem umfaßt die Vorrichtung 1 zwei rechtwinklig zueinander stehende Staucheinrichtungen 14, 15, die untereinander völlig gleich ausgebildet sind, so daß im folgenden lediglich die in Fig. 1 oben liegende Staucheinrichtung 14 beschrieben wird und die gleichen Bezugszeichen, mit einen Apostroph versehen, für die Teile der Staucheinrichtung 15 verwendet werden, ohne daß gesondert darauf Bezug genommen wird.
Die Staucheinrichtung 14 weist einen an einer nicht weiter dargestellten Vorschubeinrichtung befestigten Druckstempel 16 auf, der an seiner der Matrize 2 zugewandten Seite hohlzylindrisch ausgebildet ist, um eine Nachlaufhülse 17 zu bilden. Diese Nachlaufhülse 17 hat einen Außendurchmesser, der mit dem Innendurchmesser der Zylinderbohrung 5 derart übereinstimmt, daß die Nachlaufhülse 17 mit einem sehr geringen Spiel in die Zylinderbohrung 5 hineinpaßt, ohne mit dieser einen merklichen Spalt zu begrenzen.
Die hohlzylindrische Nachlaufhülse 17 ist an der der Matrize 2 zugewandten Seite offen, so daß von dort eine Öffnung 18 zugänglich ist. In dieser Öffnung 18 sitzt gleitend verschiebbar ein sogenannter Vorlaufdorn oder Stützdorn 19. Der Stützdorn 19 ist im wesentlichen zylindrisch ausgebildet, wobei er soweit aus der Öffnung 18 herausragt, daß er den Rohranschlußbereich 12 des Rohlings 11 ausfüllt, noch bevor die Nachlaufhülse 17 mit ihrer Stirnseite auf der Stirnseite des Rohranschlußbereiches 12 aufsitzt. Der Stützdorn 19 ist darüberhinaus an seinem vorderen Endbereich dem bogenförmigen Durchgang 4 der Matrize 2 angepaßt. Außerdem ist hier an dem Stützdorn 19 eine Anlagefläche vorgesehen, mit der er sich an dem anderen Stützdorn 19' abstützt.
Von seinem in der Nachlaufhülse 17 sitzenden Ende her ist der Stützdorn 19 mit einer Sackbohrung 20 versehen, in der ein mit dem Stempel 16 verbundenes Führungsteil 21 sitzt. Zwischen dem Führungsteil 21 und dem Boden der Sackbohrung 20 ist eine Schraubenfeder 22 gespannt, die den Stützdorn möglichst weit aus der Öffnung 18 herausdrückt. Durch nicht weiter dargestellte Mittel ist jedoch ein gänzliches Herausfahren des Stützdornes 19 aus der Nachlaufhülse 17 gesperrt.
In Fig. 3 sind zwei zu der Vorrichtung 1 gehörige jedoch in Fig. 1 nicht weiter dargestellte Rolleinrichtungen 25, 26 dargestellt, wobei die Rolleinrichtung 25 der Zylinderbohrung 5 und die Rolleinrichtung 26 der Zylinderbohrung 6 zugeordnet ist. Weil sich beide Rolleinrichtungen 25, 26 lediglich durch ihre räumliche Anordnung unterscheiden, ansonsten aber völlig baugleich sind, wird im folgenden lediglich die Rolleinrichtung 25 beschrieben, wobei die Teile der Rolleinrichtung 26 ohne weitere Nennung die zur Kenntlichmachung jeweils mit einem Apostroph versehenen Bezugszeichen der Rolleinrichtung 25 erhalten.
Die Rolleinrichtung 25 weist einen an einer nicht weiter dargestellten Führungs- und Betätigungseinrichtung befestigten Grundkörper 27 auf, von dem aus ein Träger 28 in Richtung der Bohrungsachse 9 vorsteht. Der Träger 28 hat einen Außendurchmesser, der erheblich geringer als der Innendurchmesser der Zylinderbohrung 6 ist und er weist eine Länge auf, die größer als der Abstand der Ringnut 7 von der Mündung der Zylinderbohrung 6 ist. An dem in der Zylinderbohrung 6 stehenden Ende, in Fig. 3 dem unteren Ende des Trägers 28, ist eine Rolle 29 drehbar gelagert, deren Durchmesser geringer als die lichte innere Weite des Rohranschlußbereiches 12 des Rohlings 11 ist. Der Querschnitt der Rolle 29 ist dabei an der Außenseite der Rolle 29 leicht glockenförmig und zwar so, daß die Rolle 29 mit der Ringnut 7 einen Spalt gleichbleibender Dicke begrenzt, wenn die Rolle 29 in die Ringnut 7 hineingefahren ist.
Zur Durchführung dieser Bewegung ist der Grundkörper 27 von der nicht weiter dargestellten Führungs- und Betätigungseinrichtung zum einen in Richtung des in Fig. 3 nach unten weisenden Pfeiles 30 axial in Richtung der Bohrungsachse 9 bewegbar. Zusätzlich ist in dem Grundkörper 27 eine Dreheinrichtung 31 vorgesehen, mit deren Hilfe die Rolle 29 auf einer Kreisbahn bewegt werden kann, deren Achse mit der Bohrungsachse 9 zusammenfällt. Zum anderen ist die nicht weiter dargestellte Führungs- und Betätigungseinrichtung in der Lage, den Grundkörper 27 in radialer Richtung, d.h. in Richtung des in Fig. 3 nach rechts weisenden Pfeiles 32 zu bewegen, so daß die Rolle 29 auf ihrer Kreisbahn an allen Stellen radial nach außen gedrückt wird.
Die insoweit beschriebene Vorrichtung arbeitet nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wie folgt:
In einem ersten Verfahrensschritt wird der hier bspw. aus Kupfer bestehende Rohling 11 in die Matrize 2 eingelegt, wonach diese geschlossen wird, so daß der Rohling 11 in der Matrize 2 festgehalten ist.
Bei Bedarf werden aus den Zylinderbohrungen 5, 6 herausschauende Teile des Rohlings 11 oder genauer der Rohranschnittsbereiche 12, 13 abgeschnitten, so daß die Stirnseiten der Rohranschnittsbereiche 12, 13 mit den jeweiligen sich an die Zylinderbohrungen 5, 6 anschließenden Außenflanken der Matrize 2 fluchten.
Danach werden in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt die Stempel 16, 16' in Richtung der in Fig. 1 ausgezeichneten Pfeile, d.h. in Richtung der Bohrungsachsen 9, 10 jeweils axial auf die Zylinderbohrungen 5, 6 zu gefahren, bis die Stützdorne 19, 19' in die Rohranschlußbereiche 12, 13 ganz eingetreten sind und mit ihren Anlageflächen aneinander anliegen. Beim Eindringen in die Rohranschlußbereiche 12, 13 werden die Stützdorne 19, 19' seitlich von diesen geführt.
Ohne weiter abzusetzen werden die Stempel 16, 16' weiter auf die Matrize 2 zu gefahren, wobei die Nachlaufhülsen 17, 17' sich zunächst an die Stirnseiten der Rohranschlußbereiche 12, 13 anlegen und danach diese in die Zylinderbohrungen 5, 6 hineinstauchen, wie es auch in Fig. 2 dargestellt ist. Die Nachlaufhülse 17, 17' gleitet dabei auf dem jeweiligen Stützdorn 19, 19', wobei die in der Sackbohrung 20, 20' sitzende jeweilige Schraubenfeder 22, 22' zusammengedrückt wird. Die seitliche Führung erhalten die Nachlaufhülsen 17, 17' von den Zylinderbohrungen 5, 6.
Die Nachlaufhülse 17, 17' führt bei dem Stauchvorgang einen definierten Hub aus, wobei sich das Material des jeweiligen Rohranschlußbereiches 12, 13 im Bereiche der Ringnut 7 zusammenstaucht und nach außen ausbeult. Es legt sich dabei schon weitgehend in die jeweilige Ringnut 7, 8 ein, wobei jedoch bedingt durch den Stauchvorgang die Wandstärke im Bereiche der Ringnut etwas zunehmen kann.
Nach Beendigung des Arbeitshubes der Nachlaufhülse 17 wird der Stempel 16 soweit zurückgefahren, daß auch der Stützdorn 19 aus der Zylinderbohrung 5 herauskommt und der Bereich vor der Mündung der Zylinderbohrung 5 freigegeben ist.
In einem dritten Verfahrensschritt wird die Rolleinrichtung 25 vor der Zylinderbohrung 5 positioniert, so daß die Rolle 29 unmittelbar vor deren Mündung steht. Sodann wird die Rolle 29 mit einer Vorschubbewegung in Richtung des Pfeiles 30 soweit in die Zylinderbohrung hineingefahren bis die Rolle 29 genau im Bereiche der Ringnut 7 steht. Im weiteren wird zur Ausbildung einer maßhaltigen Sicke an dem Rohling 11 eine radiale Vorschubbewegung der Rolle 29 in Richtung des Pfeiles 32 vorgenommen, wobei die Drehachse der Rolle 29 parallel zu der Bohrungsachse 9 versetzt wird. Zugleich wird begonnen, die Rolle 29 auf einer Kreisbahn zu bewegen, die die Bohrungsachse 9 konzentrisch umschließt. Damit wird die Sicke in eine Art Walzvorgang von der Rolle 29 maßhaltig nach deren Querschnittsgestalt ausgeformt, wobei die Rolle auf einer Kreisbahn mit zunehmendem Durchmesser, also genau genommen auf einer Spiralbahn geführt ist. Die Rolle 29 wird dabei soweit radial nach außen geführt bis ein entsprechender Anschlag erreicht wird, bei dem zwischen der Rolle 29 und der Ringnut 7 auf dem gesamten Umfang ein Spalt verbleibt, der gleich der übrigen Wandstärke des Rohranschlußbereiches 12 ist.
Dieser Roll- oder Walzvorgang ist ein spanloser Formgebungsvorgang, bei dem das innere Strukturgefüge des Materials und damit die Festigkeit des Pressfittings erhalten bleiben.
In einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt wird die Rolleinrichtung 25 aus der Zylinderbohrung 5 entfernt, wonach die Matrize 2 geöffnet und das nunmehr mit einer Sicke versehene Pressfitting entnommen werden kann.
Das vorstehend geschilderte Verfahren kann mit einer entsprechend abgewandelten Vorrichtung auch zur Herstellung von Rohrabzweigungen verwendet werden. Eine dementsprechende Vorrichtung 34 ist in Fig. 4 dargestellt, bei der gerade der Stauchvorgang abgeschlossen ist. Die Vorrichtung ist mit der vorstehend beschriebenen Vorrichtung 1 weitgehend identisch. Deshalb wurden für übereinstimmende Teile gleiche Bezugszeichen verwendet. Die Unterschiede zu der Vorrichtung 1 liegen darin, daß die Matrize 2 zusätzlich zu den Zylinderbohrungen 5, 6 eine weitere, mit der Zylinderbohrung 5 fluchtende Zylinderbohrung 35 aufweist. Dieser ist eine weitere Staucheinrichtung 36 zugeordnet, die mit den Staucheinrichtungen 14, 15 im wesentlichen baugleich ist. Deshalb sind gleiche, mit zwei Apostrophe versehene Bezugszeichen verwendet. Im übrigen sind lediglich abweichend die Stützdorne aller drei Staucheinrichtungen 14, 15, 36 an ihren jeweiligen vorderen Enden gerade ausgebildet sowie mit Anlageflächen versehen, mit denen sie aneinander anliegen.
Außerdem ist eine dritte, nicht dargestellte Rolleinrichtung vorgesehen.
Das Verfahren kann auch zur Herstellung eines Rohrkrümmers mit einseitigem Preßflansch verwendet werden. Eine Vorrichtung 40 dazu ist in Fig. 5 dargestellt. Die Vorrichtung unterscheidet sich von der Vorrichtung 1 lediglich darin, daß die Zylinderbohrungen 5, 6 nicht rechtwinklig zueinander stehen und daß die Zylinderbohrung 5 keine Ringnut aufweist. Demgemäß ist für die Zylinderbohrung 5 auch keine Stauchvorrichtung, sondern lediglich eine Haltevorrichtung 41 vorgesehen. Diese besteht aus einem zylindrisch abgesetzten Haltedorn 42, der mit einer Ringschulter 43 den Rohling 11 am Herausrutschen aus der Matrize 2 hindert. Außerdem ist auch der in der Zylinderbohrung 5 liegende, nicht zu stauchende Abschnitt des Rohlings 11 durch einen Stützdorn 44 nach innen abgestützt.
Ebenso kann das Verfahren zum Herstellen von aufzupressenden Rohrabschlußkappen angewendet werden.
Das Verfahren läuft einschließlich des Einlegens des Rohlings 11 in die Matrize 2 und des Entnehmens des mit der Sicke versehenen Preßfittings aus der Matrize 2 vollautomatisch ab. Weil nur wenige, wenig Zeit beanspruchende Arbeitsschritte erforderlich sind, können mit einer Vorrichtung 1 in kurzer Zelt viele Preßfittings hergestellt werden.In the drawing, exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown. Show it:

Fig. 1

1 shows a device according to the invention for producing press fittings when carrying out a first method step, in a fragmentary and slightly schematic broken-away representation,

Fig. 2

1 in the execution of a second method step, in a fragmentary and slightly schematic broken-away representation,

Fig. 3

1 and 2 during the execution of a further method step, in a fragmentary, schematic, broken representation,

Fig. 4

another embodiment of the device according to the invention for producing a press fitting designed as a pipe branch in a fragmentary schematic and broken-open representation,

Fig. 5

another embodiment of the device according to the invention for producing a pipe bend with a press flange on one side, in a fragmentary, schematic, broken-away representation.

Fig. 6

1 shows a modified device according to the invention for producing press fittings when carrying out a first method step, in a fragmentary and slightly schematic broken-away representation,

Fig. 7

the device of FIG. 1 in the execution of a further method step, in a fragmentary and slightly schematic broken representation and

Fig. 8

the device of FIGS. 1 and 2 in the execution of a further method step, in a fragmentary, schematic, broken-away representation.

1 shows an example of a device 1 for producing angled fittings in sections. The device 1 initially includes a two-part die 2, of which only the cut lower part is shown schematically in FIG. 1. The die 2 has a receiving space 3, the shape of which corresponds with good accuracy to the desired outer contour of the press fitting to be produced. In the present exemplary embodiment, in which the die 2 is provided for a right-angle press fitting, the receiving space 3 also has the shape of a right-angle press fitting, which is determined by two cylinder bores 5, 6 connected at right angles to one another and connected via an arcuate passage 4. In the area of the cylinder bores 5, 6 an annular groove 7, 8 is provided at a distance of a few millimeters to centimeters from the mouth of the respective cylinder bore 5, 6, which is coaxial with the respective bore axes denoted by 9 and 10.
In the receiving space 3, a blank 11 is inserted, from which the subsequent press fitting is to be made. The blank 11 corresponds in its outer dimensions to the receiving space, so that it lies well in the die 2. The sections of the blank 11 lying in the cylinder bores 5, 6 are so-called pipe connection areas 12, 13 which are initially still hollow cylindrical and do not lie in the ring grooves 7, 8, ie which do not yet have a bead.
In addition, the device 1 comprises two squeezing devices 14, 15 which are at right angles to one another and which are completely identical to one another, so that only the squeezing device 14 located at the top in FIG. 1 is described below and the same reference numerals, provided with an apostrophe, for the parts the upsetting device 15 can be used without being specifically referred to.
The upsetting device 14 has a pressure ram 16 fastened to a feed device (not shown further), which is hollow-cylindrical on its side facing the die 2 in order to form a trailing sleeve 17. This trailing sleeve 17 has an outer diameter which corresponds to the inner diameter of the cylinder bore 5 in such a way that the trailing sleeve 17 fits into the cylinder bore 5 with very little play, without limiting a noticeable gap with it.
The hollow cylindrical trailing sleeve 17 is open on the side facing the die 2, so that an opening 18 is accessible from there. A so-called leading mandrel or supporting mandrel 19 is slidably slidably seated in this opening 18. The supporting mandrel 19 is essentially cylindrical, whereby it protrudes from the opening 18 to such an extent that it fills the pipe connection region 12 of the blank 11 even before the trailing sleeve 17 has its end face sits on the end face of the pipe connection area 12. The support mandrel 19 is also adapted at its front end to the arcuate passage 4 of the die 2. In addition, a contact surface is provided on the support mandrel 19 with which it is supported on the other support mandrel 19 '.
From its end seated in the trailing sleeve 17, the support mandrel 19 is provided with a blind bore 20 in which a guide part 21 connected to the punch 16 is seated. A helical spring 22 is tensioned between the guide part 21 and the bottom of the blind bore 20 and presses the support mandrel out of the opening 18 as far as possible. By means not shown, however, a complete retraction of the support mandrel 19 from the trailing sleeve 17 is blocked.
3 shows two rolling devices 25, 26 belonging to the device 1 but not shown in FIG. 1, the rolling device 25 being assigned to the cylinder bore 5 and the rolling device 26 being assigned to the cylinder bore 6. Because the two roller devices 25, 26 differ only in their spatial arrangement, but are otherwise completely identical, only the roller device 25 will be described below, the parts of the roller device 26 without further mentioning the reference numerals of the roller device 25, each of which is identified by an apostrophe receive.
The rolling device 25 has a base body 27 fastened to a guide and actuation device, not shown, from which a support 28 projects in the direction of the bore axis 9. The carrier 28 has an outer diameter which is considerably smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder bore 6 and it has a length which is greater than the distance of the annular groove 7 from the mouth of the cylinder bore 6. At the end in the cylinder bore 6, in FIG. 3 the lower end of the carrier 28, a roller 29 is rotatably mounted, the diameter of which is smaller than the clear inner width of the pipe connection area 12 of the blank 11. The cross section of the roller 29 is slightly bell-shaped on the outside of the roller 29 in such a way that the roller 29 with the annular groove 7 delimits a gap of constant thickness when the roller 29 has moved into the annular groove 7.
To carry out this movement, the base body 27 can be moved axially in the direction of the arrow 30 pointing downward in FIG. In addition, a rotating device 31 is provided in the base body 27, with the aid of which the roller 29 can be moved on a circular path, the axis of which coincides with the bore axis 9. On the other hand, the guide and actuating device, not shown, is able to move the base body 27 in the radial direction, ie in the direction of the arrow 32 pointing to the right in FIG. 3, so that the roller 29 is radial at all points on its circular path is pushed outwards.
The device described so far works according to the inventive method as follows:
In a first process step, the blank 11, which is made here, for example, of copper, is inserted into the die 2, after which it is closed, so that the blank 11 is held in the die 2.
If necessary, parts of the blank 11 or more precisely the pipe cut areas 12, 13 which are looking out of the cylinder bores 5, 6 are cut off, so that the end faces of the pipe cut areas 12, 13 are aligned with the respective outer flanks of the die 2 adjoining the cylinder bores 5, 6.
Then the punches 16, 16 'are moved axially towards the cylinder bores 5, 6 in the direction of the arrows marked in FIG. 1, ie in the direction of the bore axes 9, 10, until the support mandrels 19, 19' into the Pipe connection areas 12, 13 have completely entered and abut one another with their contact surfaces. When penetrating into the pipe connection areas 12, 13, the support mandrels 19, 19 'are guided laterally by them.
Without further deposition, the punches 16, 16 'are moved further onto the die 2, the trailing sleeves 17, 17' first contacting the end faces of the pipe connection regions 12, 13 and then inserting them into the cylinder bores 5, 6, as is also the case is shown in Fig. 2. The trailing sleeve 17, 17 'slides on the respective support mandrel 19, 19', the respective helical spring 22, 22 'seated in the blind bore 20, 20' being compressed. The lateral guides receive the trailing sleeves 17, 17 'from the cylinder bores 5, 6.
The trailing sleeve 17, 17 'performs a defined stroke during the upsetting process, the material of the respective pipe connection area 12, 13 compressing in the area of the annular groove 7 and bulging outwards. It is already largely in the respective annular groove 7, 8, but due to the upsetting process, the wall thickness in the area of the annular groove can increase somewhat.
After the end of the working stroke of the trailing sleeve 17, the plunger 16 is retracted so far that the support mandrel 19 also comes out of the cylinder bore 5 and the area in front of the mouth of the cylinder bore 5 is released.
In a third method step, the roller device 25 is positioned in front of the cylinder bore 5, so that the roller 29 is immediately in front of its mouth. Then the roller 29 is moved with a feed movement in the direction of arrow 30 into the cylinder bore until the roller 29 is exactly in the area of the annular groove 7. Furthermore, a radial feed movement of the roller 29 in the direction of the arrow 32 is carried out on the blank 11 to form a dimensionally correct bead, the axis of rotation of the roller 29 being offset parallel to the bore axis 9. At the same time begins to move the roller 29 on a circular path that concentrically surrounds the bore axis 9. In this way, the bead is shaped in a kind of rolling process from the roller 29 to its cross-sectional shape, the roller being guided on a circular path with increasing diameter, that is to say strictly on a spiral path. The roller 29 is guided radially outward until a corresponding stop is reached, in which a gap remains over the entire circumference between the roller 29 and the annular groove 7, which is equal to the remaining wall thickness of the pipe connection area 12.
This rolling or rolling process is a non-cutting shaping process in which the internal structural structure of the material and thus the strength of the press fitting are retained.
In a further method step, the roller device 25 is removed from the cylinder bore 5, after which the die 2 is opened and the press fitting, which is now provided with a bead, can be removed.
The method described above can also be used with a correspondingly modified device for the production of pipe branches. A corresponding device 34 is shown in FIG. 4, in which the upsetting process has just been completed. The device is largely identical to the device 1 described above. Therefore, the same reference numerals have been used for matching parts. The differences from the device 1 are that the die 2 has, in addition to the cylinder bores 5, 6, a further cylinder bore 35 aligned with the cylinder bore 5. This is assigned a further upsetting device 36 which is essentially identical in construction to the upsetting devices 14, 15. The same reference numerals with two apostrophes are therefore used. For the rest, the support spikes of all three upsetting devices 14, 15, 36 are just formed at their respective front ends and provided with contact surfaces with which they abut one another.
In addition, a third roller device, not shown, is provided.
The method can also be used to manufacture a pipe bend with a press flange on one side. A device 40 for this is shown in FIG. 5. The device differs from the device 1 only in that the cylinder bores 5, 6 are not at right angles to one another and that the cylinder bore 5 has no annular groove. Accordingly, no upsetting device is provided for the cylinder bore 5, but only a holding device 41. This consists of a cylindrically stepped holding mandrel 42 which prevents the blank 11 from slipping out of the die 2 with an annular shoulder 43. In addition, the section of the blank 11 lying in the cylinder bore 5 and not to be compressed is supported inwards by a support mandrel 44.
The method for producing pipe end caps to be pressed on can also be used.
The process, including inserting the blank 11 into the die 2 and removing the press fitting provided with the bead from the die 2, takes place fully automatically. Because only a few steps requiring little time are required, many press fittings can be produced with a device 1 in a short tent.

FIGS. 6 to 8 show a modified device to manufacture the press fittings. The same parts as those already described Devices are generally with the same reference numerals provided, only a different number is added.

6 shows a device 61 for example Manufacture of T-shaped fittings with the mouths lying circumferential beads shown in sections. The device 61 initially includes a two-part Die 62, of which only the cut in Fig. 6 Bottom part is shown schematically. The die 62 has a receiving space 63, the shape of which is good Accuracy of the desired outer contour of the one to be produced Press fittings from crimp to crimp correspond. In the Has die 62 for a T-shaped press fitting according to FIG. 7 also the receiving space 63 the T-shape of a press fitting, through cylinder bores at right angles to each other 65, 66 is determined. At the respective mouth the cylinder bores 65, 66 are each quarter-circular open edge groove 67, 68, 68 'provided, those for the respective bore axes designated 69 and 610 each lies coaxially.

A blank 611 is inserted into the receiving space 63, from which the subsequent press fitting is to be manufactured. In the sections of the blank lying in the cylinder bores 65, 66 611 are the pipe connection areas 612, 613, 613 '. They protrude from the cylinder bores and are initially still hollow cylindrical. In particular, they are not lying in the ring grooves 67, 68, 68 'i.e. they don't have any Bead on.

In addition, the device 61 comprises three right angles opposing upsetting devices 614, 615, 615 'die are completely identical to each other, so that in following only the upsetting device located at the top in FIG. 7 614 and the same reference numerals, with one or two apostrophes for which Parts of the upsetting device 615, 615 'are used, without being specifically referred to.

The upsetting device 614 does not have one on one attached feed device shown Pressure stamp 616 on the one facing the die 62 Side provided with a die section 617 is. The die section 617 has a central one the cylinder bore 65 aligned bore 618 whose Diameter with the diameter of the cylinder bore 65 matches.

Sits in the opening 618 of the die section coaxial to the cylinder bore, a cylindrical face chamfered support mandrel 619, the outside diameter of which corresponds to the inside diameter of the blank 611. Both the die section and the mandrel 619 are power operated with the axially linear to the cylinder bore 65 movable pressure stamp 616 over a suitable Fitting 620 and screws 621, 622 rigidly connected.

The mouth of the opening 618 is surrounded by an open-edged annular groove 623, the cross section of which is essentially a quarter circle segment. The ring groove 623 is dimensioned such that it complements the ring groove 67 provided on the die 62 to form a smooth, approximately semicircular ring groove when the die section 617 abuts the die 62.
At some distance from the annular groove 623, an annular shoulder 624 is provided in the die section 617, which is arranged concentrically to the die section 617. The annular shoulder 624 forms a flat contact surface for the end face of the pipe connection region 612 of the blank 611. The distance between the annular shoulder 624 and the annular groove 623 is dimensioned such that the section of the blank 611 that penetrates into the annular gap during the upsetting process, that between the support mandrel 619 and the die section 617 is formed to begin to compress before the die section 617 abuts the die 62.

8 is one belonging to the device 1 however, roller device not shown in FIG. 6 625, the cylinder bore 66, 66 ' each have a roll device, not separately illustrated assigned. Differentiate the rolling devices only by their spatial arrangement, are otherwise but completely identical.

The roller device 625 does not have one on one further shown management and actuation device attached base body 627, from which a carrier 628 protrudes in the direction of the bore axis 69. The carrier 628 has an outer diameter that is significantly less than the inner diameter of the cylinder bore is 65 and he has a length that is greater than the distance of the Ring groove 67 from the mouth of the semi-finished press fitting is. At the end in the cylinder bore 66, in 8, the lower end of the carrier 628, is a roll 629 rotatably mounted, the diameter of which is smaller than that clear inner width of the pipe connection area 612 of Blank 611 is. The cross section of the roller 629 is included slightly bell-shaped on the outside of the roller 629 and indeed, as the inner contour of the bead is formed shall be.

The basic body is used to carry out this movement 627 from the management and actuating device, not shown on the one hand in the direction of FIG. 8 downward arrow 630 axially in the direction of Bore axis 69 movable. In addition is in the main body 627 a rotating device is provided, with the help the roller 629 can be moved on a circular path, whose axis coincides with the bore axis 69. To the others is the management and not shown Actuator able to move the body 627 in radial direction, i.e. towards the in Fig. 8 after right arrow 632 to move, so that the roll 629 on its circular path at all points radially outwards is pressed.

For external support of the by means of the roller 629 Rolling process to be subjected to pipe connection area 612 a die section 633 is provided which is connected to a Power-operated linearly movable along the bore axis 69 Arm 634 is held. The die section 633 has a through bore aligned with the cylinder bore 65 635 on, the diameter with the diameter the cylinder bore 65 matches. On the too the die 62 lying side of the through hole 635, an open edge groove 636 is provided which is with the annular groove 67 to an approximately bell-shaped circumferential Ring groove added.

For lateral fixation of the die section 633 on the die 62 during the rolling process, in which the Roll 629 revolves on the circular path are on the die section 633 a total of three about the axis 69 of the bore projections 638 offset from one another in each case are provided, which extend towards the die 62 and on a cylinder surface provided on this support.

On the side of the die remote from the die 62 Through hole 635 of the die portion 633 is the Through hole 635 towards a larger diameter expanded. One connects to the through hole 635 in the arm 634 provided recess 639 that the Base body 627 granted sufficient space.

For the other, the pipe connection areas 613, 613 ' assigned roller devices are further die sections provided that the respective pipe connection area Support 613, 613 'outwards and on the corresponding ones Arms longitudinally movable along the bore axis 610 are. These are die sections to simplify the illustration however not shown separately.

The device described so far works the inventive method as follows:

In a first process step, the example here. copper blank 611 is inserted into die 62, after which this is closed, so that the blank 611 is held in the die 62.

If necessary, the cylinder bores 65, 66 protruding parts of the blank 611 or more precisely that Pipe gating areas 612, 613 corresponding to a desired one and depend on the subsequent upsetting process Length cut to length.

Then in a second process step Stamp 616, 616 ', 616' 'in the direction of that shown in Fig. 9 Arrows, i.e. in the direction of the bore axes 69, 610 each axially towards the cylinder bores 65, 66 driven until the support mandrels 619, 619 ', 619' 'into the pipe connection areas 612, 613, 613 'have occurred and with support their lateral surfaces, especially the area, in the bead is to be formed.

Then the stamps 616, 616 ', 616' 'continue to open to move the die 62, the die sections 617, 617 ', 617' 'with their ring shoulders 624, 624', 624 '' to the front of the pipe connection areas 612, 613, 613 'and put them in between compress the ring grooves 67, 623 lying section so that the wall of the blank 611 folds outwards. in the The die section becomes the further course of the upsetting process continued to the die 62 until it is on this is pending. The excludes from each open ring grooves 67, 623 formed, initially still open gap so that a closed annular groove is formed into which the bulging material of the wall of the compressed pipe connection area concerned 612, 613, 613 '. It can be due to the The wall thickness in the area of the ring groove may be increase slightly first.

After completion of the working stroke, the stamp 616, 616 ', 616' 'these are retracted so far that also the respective support mandrel 619, 619 ', 619' 'from the cylinder bore 65, 66 comes out and the area in front of the mouth the cylinder bore 65, 66 is released.

In a third step, the rolling device 625 and the die section in front of the cylinder bore 65 positioned so that the roller 629 immediately in front of its mouth. First, the arm 634 with the die section 633 as far as the die 62, that the ring grooves 67, 636 abut each other and define a closed channel-shaped groove. The Protrusions 638 are supported on the die 62 provided cylindrical surface and fix the die section 633 in the radial direction. Then the role 629 with a feed movement in the direction of arrow 630 as far as into the cylinder bore until the roller 629 stands exactly in the area of the ring groove 67. In the further is used to form a dimensionally stable bead on the blank 611 a radial feed movement of the roller 629 in the direction of arrow 632, the axis of rotation of Roller 629 is offset parallel to the bore axis 69. At the same time, roll 629 is started on a circular path to move, which concentrically surrounds the bore axis 69. This turns the bead into a kind of rolling process from the roll 629 true to size according to its cross-sectional shape formed, the role on a circular path with increasing Diameter, so strictly speaking on a spiral track is led. The roller 629 becomes radial so far led outwards until a corresponding stop is reached in which between the roller 629 and the annular groove 67 a gap remains on the entire circumference, which equal to the remaining wall thickness of the pipe connection area 612 is.

In a further process step, the rolling device 625 removed from the cylinder bore 65, after which the die section 653 from the pipe connection area withdrawn, the die 62 opened and now with a crimped press fitting can be removed.

The modified procedure described above can also with a correspondingly modified device for the production of pipe angles, fittings, straight Pipe connections and the like can be used.

The procedure includes inserting the Blank 611 in the die 62 and the removal of the with the crimped press fittings from the die 62 fully automatically from. Because few, little time consuming Work steps required can be done with one device 61 made many press fittings in a short time will.

Claims (31)

1. Process for the production of compression fittings from plastically deformable material, in particular copper, in which a blank (11) with at least one pipe connection region with circular cross-section (12, 13) is worked from;

   in which the blank (11) is received in a bottom die (2) enclosing it on the outside at least in the pipe connection region (12, 13);

   in which a support spindle (19, 19') is then driven into the pipe connection region (12, 13), against the inside wall of which the support spindle (19, 19') abuts flush;

   in which the blank (11) is then axially compressed at least in the respective pipe connection region (12, 13), whereby material of the blank (11) is caused to flow into an annular groove (7, 8) provided in the bottom die (2) and enclosing the pipe connection region (12, 13) by forming a reinforcement running around the outer circumference, whereby the wall thickness in the region of the annular groove (7, 67) and the reinforcement forming therein are increased, and

   In which subsequent to the support spindle (19) being moved out, a bead is moulded out in a ring from the inside in the region of the annular groove (7, 8) and the compression fittings are subsequently removed from the bottom die (2).
2. Process for the production of compression fittings with a ring-shaped bead made of plastically deformable material, in particular copper, in which a blank (611) with at least one pipe connection region with circular cross-section (612, 613) is worked from;

   in which the blank (611) is received in a bottom die (62), which encloses the blank (611) as far as the bead to be formed and leaves the section located between the bead of the blank (611) and its opening adjacent thereto free;

   in which a support spindle (619, 619') is then driven into the pipe connection region (612, 613), against the inside wall of which the support spindle (619, 619') abuts flush;

   in which the blank (611) is then axially compressed in the respective pipe connection region (612, 613), whereby material of the blank (611) forms a reinforcement running around the outer circumference, whereby the wall thickness in the region of the forming reinforcement is increased;

   in which a movable section (617) of the bottom die is pushed onto the pipe connection region (612, 613) during the compression process, whereby the reinforcement running around the outer circumference flows into an annular groove (67, 623) defined by the bottom die (62) and the section (617) of the bottom die and enclosing the pipe connection region (612, 613), and

   in which subsequent to the support spindle (619) being moved out, a bead is moulded out in a ring from the inside in the region of the annular groove (67, 68).
3. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the blank (11, 611) is cut into lengths after being inserted into the bottom die (2, 62) and before the support spindle (19, 619) is driven in at the pipe connection region (12, 612, 13, 613) to be compressed.
4. Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the blank (11, 611) is axially fixed at least during the deformation process.
5. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the blank (11) is compressed by means of a follower sleeve (17) surrounding the support spindle (19) to such an extent that the wall thickness is increased in the region of the annular groove (7) and the reinforcement forming therein.
6. Process according to Claim 2, characterised in that during the compression process, the section of the bottom die (617) is moved synchronously with a pressing means (624) used for the compression.
7. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that when the annular groove is closed, the bead is rolled by means of a roller (29, 629) circulating eccentrically in the pipe connection piece (12, 612).
8. Process according to Claim 7, characterised in that the roller (29, 629) is pressed radially outwards over several revolutions until the envisaged bead shape is achieved.
9. Process according to Claim 7, characterised in that the rolling process is ended when the wall thickness in the region of the bead is virtually the same as the wall thickness of the remaining pipe connection piece (12, 612).
10. Device for the production of compression fittings with a ring-shaped bead in the pipe connection region for the process according to Claim 1,

    with a divided stationary bottom die (2), which has a receiving area (3) for blanks (11), the shape of which corresponds to the external shape of the compression fittings to be produced, and which has an opening (5, 6) in the region of at least one pipe connection region (12, 13) provided on the compression fitting;

    with a support spindle (19), which is oriented axially and concentrically to the opening (5) provided in the bottom die (2) and which may be driven in and out of the opening by means of an operating unit, with a follower sleeve (17) which may be axially displaced relative to the support spindle (19) for compressing the blank (11), and

    with a rolling arrangement (25) circulating eccentrically in the receiving area (3) which may be driven in and out.
11. Device for the production of compression fittings with a ring-shaped bead in the pipe connection region for the process according to Claim 2,

    with a divided stationary bottom die (62), which has a receiving area (63) for blanks (611) with at least one opening (65, 66);

    with a support spindle (619), which is oriented axially and concentrically to the opening (65) provided in the bottom die (62) and which may be driven in and out of the opening by means of an operating unit (616);

    with a pressing means (624) for compressing the blank (11),

    with a section (617) of the bottom die, which may be moved onto the bottom die (62) and moved away therefrom, and which defines an annular groove (67, 623) with the bottom die (62) when it abuts against its opening, and

    with a rolling arrangement (625) circulating at least eccentrically in the receiving area (63) which may be driven in and out.
12. Device according to Claim 10, characterised in that the diameter of the opening (5) provided in the bottom die (2) is essentially the same as the outside diameter of the pipe connection region (12) of the blank (11).
13. Device according to Claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the outside diameter of the support spindle (19, 619) is the same as the inside diameter of the pipe connection region (12, 612).
14. Device according to Claim 10, characterised in that the support spindle (19) is guided in axial direction by a feed arrangement.
15. Device according to Claim 10, characterised in that the follower sleeve (17) is essentially hollow cylindrical.
16. Device according to Claim 10, characterised in that the follower sleeve (17) has a plane front face on the side facing the bottom die (2).
17. Device according to Claim 10, characterised in that the inside diameter of the follower sleeve (17) is essentially the same as the outside diameter of the support spindle (19) and the outside diameter is essentially the same as the inside diameter of the opening (5) of the bottom die (2).
18. Device according to Claim 10, characterised in that the follower sleeve (17) is axially guided by a feed arrangement.
19. Device according to Claim 10, characterised in that the follower sleeve (17) is guided by the opening (5) of the bottom die (2) and the support spindle (19) in transverse direction.
20. Device according to Claim 11, characterised in that the section (617) of the bottom die is ring-shaped.
21. Device according to Claim 11, characterised in that the section (617) of the bottom die is fixedly allocated to the pressing means (624).
22. Device according to Claim 11, characterised in that the pressing means (624) and the section (617) of the bottom die allocated to this are rigidly connected to one another.
23. Device according to Claim 11, characterised in that the pressing means (624) and the section (617) of the bottom die are constructed integrally to one another and form a ring-shaped die.
24. Device according to Claim 23, characterised in that the die has an opening (618) corresponding to the outside diameter of the compression fitting with an internal shoulder (624) serving as pressing means and having a ring-shaped plane surface.
25. Device according to Claim 11, characterised in that the pressing means (624) is axially guided by a feed arrangement.
26. Device according to Claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the rolling arrangement (25, 625) comprises a support (28, 628), on the face of which a roller (29, 629) is rotatably mounted.
27. Device according to Claim 26, characterised in that the roller (29, 629) has an arc-shaped cross-section, the radius of which is smaller around the wall thickness than the radius of the annular groove (7, 67) provided in the bottom die (2, 62).
28. Device according to Claim 26, characterised in that the roller (29, 629) has a cross-section similar to a bell curve so that the roller (29, 629) defines a gap of uniform thickness with the annular groove (7, 67).
29. Device according to Claim 26, characterised in that the support (28, 628) is guided on a concentric path essentially axis-parallel to the bore axis (9, 69) belonging to the cylinder bore (5, 65).
30. Device according to Claim 11, characterised in that a section (633) of the bottom die is allocated to the rolling arrangement (625) which may be moved towards the bottom die (62) and away from this and which with the bottom die (62) defines an annular groove (67, 636) which is identical to the annular groove (67, 623) which is defined by the bottom die (62) and the section (617) of the bottom die allocated thereto.
31. Device according to Claim 30, characterized in that the section (633) of the bottom die allocated to the rolling arrangement (625) is provided with fixing elements (638), via which the section (633) of the bottom die may be brought into positive connection with the bottom die (62) in such a way that the section of the bottom die (633) remains concentrically oriented to the opening (6) even in the case of radial stress caused by the rolling process.

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