EP0645050A1 - Quecksilberfreier flüssigkeits-neigungsschalter - Google Patents
Quecksilberfreier flüssigkeits-neigungsschalterInfo
- Publication number
- EP0645050A1 EP0645050A1 EP93912553A EP93912553A EP0645050A1 EP 0645050 A1 EP0645050 A1 EP 0645050A1 EP 93912553 A EP93912553 A EP 93912553A EP 93912553 A EP93912553 A EP 93912553A EP 0645050 A1 EP0645050 A1 EP 0645050A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mercury
- switch according
- free liquid
- electrodes
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
- H01H11/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches for mercury switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H29/00—Switches having at least one liquid contact
- H01H29/02—Details
- H01H29/04—Contacts; Containers for liquid contacts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H29/00—Switches having at least one liquid contact
- H01H29/02—Details
- H01H29/04—Contacts; Containers for liquid contacts
- H01H29/06—Liquid contacts characterised by the material thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H29/00—Switches having at least one liquid contact
- H01H29/20—Switches having at least one liquid contact operated by tilting contact-liquid container
- H01H29/22—Switches having at least one liquid contact operated by tilting contact-liquid container wherein contact is made and broken between liquid and solid
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
- H01H9/547—Combinations of mechanical switches and static switches, the latter being controlled by the former
Definitions
- the invention relates to a mercury-free
- Liquid tilt switch with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- Liquid tilt switch so-called position switch or float switch, consisting of one in one
- a switch consisting of a housing made of an insulating material, such as Glass, with at least two electrodes leading into the housing, the housing being partially filled with an electrically conductive liquid which, depending on the position of the liquid inclination switch, makes or breaks a contact between the electrodes, the electrodes being assigned an electronic circuit which the voltage below the decomposition voltage of the liquid
- HE ATZBL ⁇ TT holds and the circuit consists, among other things, of resistors and semiconductor switches and, when the electrodes come into contact, allows enough current to flow to switch on an assembly.
- the object of the invention is to provide a switch of the type described last, which has an extended service life and an exactly definable switching point with a reliable switching behavior and which has minimal switching hysteresis. It is a further object of the invention to provide a mercury-free liquid tilt switch which can be adapted to various circuits for alternating voltage and direct current.
- a mercury-free liquid tilt switch consisting of a housing made of an insulating material, such as glass, with at least two wire-shaped, straight or curved electrodes leading into the housing, the housing being partially filled with an electrically conductive liquid, which depending on Position of the liquid inclination switch establishes or interrupts contact between the electrodes and in which at least one electrode is surrounded by an insulating material at its exit point into the interior of the housing, the switching process in the event of liquid contact suddenly occurs at a distance from the housing wall when contact is made and contact is separated. Leakage currents are almost suppressed, the liquid comes when the position changes Switch suddenly comes into contact with the electrode material, which also suddenly breaks off.
- Insulating material protrudes and the length of the insulated section of the electrode is at least half the distance between its point of exit into the interior of the housing and the point on the inner wall of the housing to which the electrode is directed.
- the electrically conductive liquid advantageously consists of 95 to 98% by weight of alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol or a mixture of these and 2 to 5% by weight.
- Water with 700 to 1200 ⁇ g of a salt with a sulfate group being dissolved in this alcohol-water mixture.
- it advantageously consists of 50 to 97% by weight of alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, propanol or a mixture of these and 3 to 50% by weight of water, 16 to 280 mg in this alcohol / water mixture of a salt with a sulfate group are dissolved.
- the switch according to the invention can be produced, for example, by the steps: wire-shaped, straight or curved platinum electrodes are dotted on iron-nickel electrodes,
- the oxygen remaining in the glass tube may be replaced by nitrogen
- Another manufacturing process involves the following steps:
- One of the connected electrodes is melted into a prefabricated glass tube in the area of the welding point and closes it from one end, the platinum electrode protruding into the glass tube and having a filler neck that is tapered relative to the glass tube at the opposite other end, - the filler neck becomes one filled with electrically conductive liquid,
- the oxygen remaining in the glass tube may be replaced by nitrogen
- the glass tube is closed by inserting and melting the second connected electrode into the filler neck at a distance from the glass tube, the platinum electrode protruding into the glass tube.
- the electrodes of the liquid Tilt switch can be assigned to various electronic circuits, these having at least one semiconductor component that is used to close or open a circuit.
- the semiconductor component is advantageously a TRIAC and a further semiconductor component is connected between an electrode and the first semiconductor component, the second semiconductor component advantageously being a DIAC.
- a capacitor is advantageously connected in parallel to connect the electrode to the second semiconductor component.
- the semiconductor component is advantageously a FET (field effect transistor) or a transistor. At least one resistor and / or capacitor is advantageously connected upstream of the semiconductor component.
- An inverter (linear IC) can be connected upstream of the FET (field effect transistor).
- the electrodes of the switch according to the invention advantageously consist of platinum.
- they can also consist of carbon, a carbon compound or a material mixed with carbon or an electrically conductive plastic.
- the housing is hermetically sealed
- the inside of the housing can be coated with silicone. It is advantageously a curved or kinked tube or a hollow one Ring, wherein the housing can have at least one constriction to dampen the movement of the liquid.
- Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the
- FIG. 7 a first embodiment of a circuit of a mercury-free liquid inclination switch for direct current
- Direct current 9) a third embodiment of a circuit for direct current; . Fig. 10) a fourth embodiment of a circuit for
- FIG. 1 A first embodiment of a mercury-free liquid inclination switch according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1.
- One of the liquids 2 described above is filled into a glass tube 1. This lies concavely on the bottom of the tube 1 in accordance with the surface tension.
- electrodes 3, 4 are guided into the interior of the tube from both sides, both electrodes consisting of iron-nickel electrodes 3 ', 4', dotted onto the platinum electrodes 3, 4 are.
- the iron-nickel electrodes 3 ', 4' establish the connection to a circuit arrangement, not shown, while the platinum electrodes 3, 4 contact the liquid
- the tube 11 is angled for setting the switching point and the liquid is in the angled area.
- the electrodes 13, 14 are both arranged at the other end of the tube 11, the current-carrying electrode 13 tapering from above to the bottom of the tube 11 and the switching electrode 14 obliquely towards the current-carrying electrode 13 and at a distance from the latter and the bottom of the tube 11 ends.
- the electrodes 13, 14 are coated with insulating glass at their entry point into the tube. The switching process proceeds as described above for Fig. 1).
- Fig. 4 discloses a tube 31 in which a pair of electrodes is inserted from one side.
- the Electrodes consist of iron-nickel electrodes 33 ', 34' on which platinum electrodes 33, 34 are dotted.
- the iron-nickel electrodes 33 ', 34' establish the connection to the outside, while the platinum electrodes 33, 34 in the interior of the tube 31 come into contact with the switching liquid 32.
- the electrodes are encased in the tube 31 with insulating glass 35 over the greater part of their length.
- the ends of one platinum electrode 33 protruding from the insulating glass 35 are bent in the direction of the other platinum electrode 32, which extends completely parallel to the axis of the tube.
- FIG. 5 An embodiment of the switch as a hollow ring 51 is shown in FIG. 5.
- electrodes 53, 54, coated with insulating glass 55 are used in the upper area of the ring 51.
- the liquid 52 is located in the lower region of the ring 51, with a constriction 57 for damping the liquid flow.
- the current-carrying electrode 58 is also located in the lower region of the ring.
- FIG. 6 A circuit of the mercury-free liquid inclination switch according to the invention is shown in FIG. 6. This is a common one
- liquid tilt switch 61 in which, as described above, there is a liquid 62, a current-carrying electrode 63 and a switching electrode 64, both on their Entry point are covered with insulating glass, a circuit for switching on and off an assembly, for example a pump motor 66, is closed via a TRIAC 68. No current flows in the position of the switch 61 shown. If the switch 61 tilts to the left, the circuit is closed and current can flow through the switch 61. After the switch 61 has been closed, the circuit of the capacitor 69 and the switch 61 are parallel to the circuit of the TRIACS 68.
- a signal can now be tapped at point X for the voltage sub-structure of capacitor 69 and switch 61, which signal is fed via a DIAC 67 to the control line of TRIACS 68, which then closes the circuit via motor 66 and TRIAC 68.
- DIACS 67 the current, which necessarily runs via the switch 61 and is required for switching the TRIACS 68 through, can be kept low. If the switch 61 tilts back again, there is no voltage at point X, the TRIAC 68 can no longer be switched through via the DIAC 67 and the TRIAC 68 blocks the circuit for the motor 66.
- the circuit according to Fig. 7 is connected to a direct current source with e.g. 12 V connected.
- the liquid tilt switch 102 closes the circuit to an FET (field effect transistor) 106.
- the FET 106 has a resistor 107 with e.g. 2.2 M upstream.
- the FET 106 switches a load 105 via a relay 104, a diode 103 being connected in parallel here.
- the diode 103 which destroys the reverse current when the relay 104 is switched off, can be omitted if no relay 104, but e.g. a lamp is switched.
- the circuit according to Fig. 8 is also connected to a direct current source with e.g. 12 V connected.
- the liquid inclination switch 109 switches through to a transistor 115, the transistor 115 having two resistors 110 with e.g. 2.2 m and 330 k and a
- REPLACEMENT LEAF Capacitor 114 are arranged.
- a relay 112 is also connected via the transistor 115 and a load 113 is connected via this, a diode 111 being provided here as in FIG. 8.
- the liquid tilt switch 123 closes the circuit to an FET 124, an inverter (linear IC) 121 being connected in parallel here, which reverses the polarity of the direct voltage and thus prevents electrolysis in the liquid tilt switch 123.
- the FET 124 switches a lamp 126.
- Various resistors 117 e.g. with 10 M in front of the liquid tilt switch 123), 119 are used for regulation
- Capacitor 118 (between power source and liquid tilt switch 123) as shown, interposed, in parallel, or upstream.
- a DC power source with, for example, 10 -50 V is connected, shows a liquid tilt switch 133 connected to a load 128 and an FET 129, via which load 128 can be switched through, to the elements connected in parallel with one another when the circuit is closed, namely a capacitor 131 , a Zener diode and a resistor 134, are connected in parallel.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Push-Button Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4218560 | 1992-06-05 | ||
DE19924218560 DE4218560C2 (de) | 1992-06-05 | 1992-06-05 | Schalteinrichtung |
DE4240870 | 1992-12-04 | ||
DE4240870A DE4240870A1 (de) | 1992-06-05 | 1992-12-04 | Quecksilberfreier Flüssigkeits-Neigungsschalter |
PCT/DE1993/000474 WO1993026025A2 (de) | 1992-06-05 | 1993-06-02 | Quecksilberfreier flüssigkeits-neigungsschalter |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0645050A1 true EP0645050A1 (de) | 1995-03-29 |
EP0645050B1 EP0645050B1 (de) | 1998-04-29 |
Family
ID=25915442
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93912553A Expired - Lifetime EP0645050B1 (de) | 1992-06-05 | 1993-06-02 | Quecksilberfreier flüssigkeits-neigungsschalter |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0645050B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4240870A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1993026025A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4435521A1 (de) * | 1994-10-04 | 1996-04-11 | Licentia Gmbh | Neigungssensor und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE19507610A1 (de) | 1995-03-04 | 1996-09-05 | Patrick Altmeier | Im Temperaturbereich von <-40 DEG C bis> 100 DEG C elektrisch leitfähige Flüssigkeit |
DE19512803C2 (de) * | 1995-04-05 | 1999-07-01 | Manfred Hoehn Schalt Und Melde | Steuer- und Auswerteschaltung für Neigungsschalter |
CN105938739A (zh) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-09-14 | 袁望画 | 一种超导体 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR700637A (fr) * | 1930-08-13 | 1931-03-05 | Hewittic | Perfectionnements à la construction des interrupteurs à mercure |
US2087738A (en) * | 1936-06-03 | 1937-07-20 | Gen Electric Vapor Lamp Co | Fluid flow switch |
US2387313A (en) * | 1944-02-07 | 1945-10-23 | Sperry Gyroscope Co Inc | Switch electrolyte |
GB972216A (en) * | 1961-11-13 | 1964-10-07 | Engel & Gibbs Ltd | Electrolytic switch |
DE1852852U (de) * | 1962-03-19 | 1962-06-07 | Erhardt & Leimer O H G | Elektrisches kontaktfuehlgeraet bzw. endlagentaster, insbesondere zum abtasten der kanten ablaufender bahnen. |
DE2136428C3 (de) * | 1971-07-21 | 1974-10-17 | Willy Guenther Kg, 8500 Nuernberg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Quecksilberelektrodensc haltern |
FR2249420A1 (en) * | 1973-10-29 | 1975-05-23 | Vesnitch Yves | Electric switch performance improvement circuit - uses semiconductor to reduce arcing across the contacts |
DE8016981U1 (de) * | 1980-06-26 | 1980-11-06 | W. Guenther Gmbh, 8500 Nuernberg | Quecksilber-Elektrodenschalter |
US4591781A (en) * | 1983-06-06 | 1986-05-27 | Power Controls Corporation | Variable control circuit having a predetermined timed output |
FR2579008A1 (fr) * | 1985-03-15 | 1986-09-19 | Petercem Sa | Microcontact a commutation electronique |
DE3524563A1 (de) * | 1985-07-10 | 1987-01-15 | Marquardt Gmbh | Schaltanordnung zur vollwellen-leistungssteuerung |
DE3739193A1 (de) * | 1987-11-19 | 1989-06-01 | Kurt Blaschke | Elektrischer schalter und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
DE9106526U1 (de) * | 1991-05-28 | 1991-09-19 | Jola Spezialschalter K. Mattil & Co., 67466 Lambrecht | Lageschalter |
-
1992
- 1992-12-04 DE DE4240870A patent/DE4240870A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1993
- 1993-06-02 EP EP93912553A patent/EP0645050B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-06-02 WO PCT/DE1993/000474 patent/WO1993026025A2/de active IP Right Grant
- 1993-06-02 DE DE59308477T patent/DE59308477D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9326025A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0645050B1 (de) | 1998-04-29 |
WO1993026025A3 (de) | 1994-03-17 |
DE59308477D1 (de) | 1998-06-04 |
DE4240870A1 (de) | 1994-06-09 |
WO1993026025A2 (de) | 1993-12-23 |
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