EP0644980B1 - Corner area of a sealing frame for a tunnel tubbing - Google Patents

Corner area of a sealing frame for a tunnel tubbing Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0644980B1
EP0644980B1 EP94911044A EP94911044A EP0644980B1 EP 0644980 B1 EP0644980 B1 EP 0644980B1 EP 94911044 A EP94911044 A EP 94911044A EP 94911044 A EP94911044 A EP 94911044A EP 0644980 B1 EP0644980 B1 EP 0644980B1
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Prior art keywords
corner
recesses
cavities
corner piece
piece
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EP94911044A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0644980A1 (en
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Norbert Herwegh
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Daetwyler AG Schweizerische Kabel Gummi und Kunststoffwerke
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Daetwyler AG Schweizerische Kabel Gummi und Kunststoffwerke
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/385—Sealing means positioned between adjacent lining members

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a corner region of a sealing frame for a tunnel tubbing, which consists of the ends of two sides of the sealing frame running at an angle to one another, consisting of sealing profile strips, and of a corner piece connecting these ends, the sealing profile strips in cross-section with in their longitudinal direction up to Ends are continuous grooves and cavities provided and the corner piece has recesses which run at an angle to the grooves and cavities of one end and the other and are at least open to the inside of the sealing frame.
  • Tunnel tubbings are rectangular, often slightly curved, concrete slabs that are used to cover a tunnel that has just broken out.
  • each tubbing has a circumferential groove on its four narrow sides, into which a sealing profile frame is inserted, which protrudes slightly from it.
  • the segments are assembled under pressure so that they touch; this causes the sealing frames to come into contact with each other on each of their sides under high pressure, whereby they are pressed completely into the segment groove. In this way, they form an actual sealing network in the tunnel, which extends both over the arch of the tunnel and in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.
  • the sealing profile strips themselves are industrially preformed by extruding them into any length and then cutting them to the size that the side length of square segments. corresponds to the respective side length for rectangular segments.
  • the seal cross-section should be relatively large.
  • the tubbing groove becomes more sensitive to injury the larger it is, so it should be possible to keep it as small as possible.
  • relatively large sealing pressures are necessary, which in turn are more likely to be achieved by a large profile cross-section; on the other hand, the smallest possible sealing material cross section is sought for reasons of cost.
  • the profile strip cross-section and the groove cross-section in the tubbing are coordinated with one another in such a way that an optimally coordinated and profiled strip cross-section can be formed into the smallest possible groove cross-section.
  • the concrete groove flanks of the tubbing may be blown off when the segments are pressed in, which sometimes happens with very considerable forces.
  • corner areas of the frame which is cut from the individual pieces of the profile strip strand.
  • the corner areas are produced by inserting the pieces into a mold and then injecting unvulcanized rubber into the free mold corners; the rubber is vulcanized by pressure and heat.
  • special attention must also be paid to the design of the corner areas. This is easiest if the sealing profile strip is arched in cross section, but without cavities. Then this cross section remains unchanged in the corner. The same is not possible in the case of profiles with hollow chambers or heavily undercut areas, since the inserted parts in the hollow chamber area cannot be removed from the mold at all and only very difficult to remove from undercuts after vulcanization.
  • a solution must therefore be found that allows the material cross section in the corner area to be reduced to such an extent that, as in the profile area, the material cross section is not greater than the volume available from the joint cross section.
  • a larger material cross-section also leads to an explosive effect, which causes the weaker joint flank of the segment to flake off.
  • the corner area according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 1.
  • Fig. 1 shows a tunnel tubbing as hundreds are used for the covering of tunnels that have just been excavated. It carries a sealing frame 1 on its narrow sides, which is embedded in a groove (not visible here) in these sides.
  • the segments are both along the arch and in The longitudinal direction of the tunnel is lined up like a checkerboard, under pressure, so that the sealing frames are pressed together and seal in this way.
  • Each sealing frame 1 is composed of sides 2 and corner pieces 3 connecting them.
  • Each corner piece 3 forms, with the ends 4 of the relevant sides 2 abutting thereon, a corner area 5 which, because of the conditions mentioned in the introduction, in particular because of the assembly of the segments, under pressure, must be specially designed, as described below.
  • Such a corner area 5 is shown in FIG. 2 in a view from the inside of the sealing frame 1, specifically, as can easily be seen, in the viewing direction along a diagonal of the frame. It can be seen that the sides 2 consist of sections of a sealing profile strip extruded in any length. The cross section of the same can also be seen from this figure, since only the ends 4 of the sides are shown. Which section of each page 2 is to be regarded as the end 4 is initially irrelevant; but it is essential for the following explanations to speak of such ends.
  • the sealing profile strip or the sides 2 cut from it have grooves 6 and cavities 7, 8 extending in the longitudinal direction. While the grooves 6 abut the already mentioned groove during tubbing and partly also serve for drainage, both the internal cavities 7 and the external cavities 8 are only there for the deformation of the sealing frame 1 under the pressure of the same frame of another To enable tubbings and thus to ensure a perfect seal. Due to the extrusion process, the grooves 6 are of course also continuous, like the cavities 7, 8, i.e. they extend into the ends 4.
  • the corner piece 3 is manufactured in such a way that two sides 2 each are in a shape at an angle to one another, usually at 90 °, be inserted.
  • the mold is then closed and unvulcanized rubber is injected. Under heat and pressure, this vulcanises in a very short time and connects to pages 2 and their ends 4.
  • each side 2 must be deformable to the extent that it can completely disappear into the segment groove. Because of the very low compressibility of the rubber, which has also already been mentioned, rubber cannot be simply injected into the mold in accordance with the mold volume. This would make the corner piece 3 to be formed a full body, with the already mentioned risk that the edge of the tubbing adjacent to the tubbing groove would then be blown away perpendicular to the plane of the latter when the sealing frame was compressed. So you have to make sure that the total volume of injected rubber is at most as large as the volume of the corresponding corner of the segment groove. Recesses must therefore be provided. The mold cores required for this must be arranged in such a way that they can be easily removed after injection. One can already see from this requirement that the above-mentioned recesses cannot simply be continuations of the grooves 6 or the cavities 7, 8, otherwise demoulding would be impossible.
  • the invention therefore provides for the recesses, hereinafter referred to as 9 or 9 ', to be placed essentially at an angle to the grooves 6 and cavities 7, 8 and to keep them open against the inside of the frame 1.
  • the inside is more suitable because the outside forms the sealing surface and therefore does not allow any unevenness.
  • These recesses, 9 in the embodiment according to FIGS. 3, 9 'in the embodiment according to FIG. 4, are clearly visible there and in FIG. 2. Since the corner areas 3 are rectangular due to the generally square or rectangular segments, it is expedient to place the recesses 9, 9 'at 45 ° to the grooves 6 and the cavities 7, 8 of the adjacent end 4.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 differ in two details.
  • Fig. 3 shows the preferred, but somewhat more complex to manufacture, in which the recesses 9 each end in a plane 12 which extends at an angle to the corresponding outer side 13 of the corner piece 3 in such a way that the wall thickness d is close corner 10 is the lowest and increases steadily from there.
  • the plane 12 ' runs parallel to the outside 13, and therefore the wall thickness d is constant. It is a great advantage if this wall thickness resp. 3, the smallest wall thickness is at least one third of the diameter of the recesses 9, 9 '. If these are not circular in cross-section, but e.g. elliptical as in Fig. 2, the mentioned value is related to the smaller diameter.
  • the second difference between the two embodiments is how the ends 4 are cut.
  • this cutting takes place exactly at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the side 2, which is easier in terms of production technology, but leads to more mass in the corner piece 3.
  • the cutting is therefore carried out at an angle before insertion into the mold, and expediently at 45 ° in such a way that the end faces 14 thus created run parallel to the longitudinal axes 15 of the recesses 9. This considerably reduces the volume of the corner piece 3, as a comparison of FIGS. 3 and 4 shows.
  • the cavities 7, 8 are open at the end faces 4 mentioned. Since the injection process must take place under a certain minimum pressure or above in order to achieve a good connection of the corner piece 3 to the adjacent ends 4, part of the injected material would flow into the cavities 7, 8 and fill them over a longer distance, which would result in a significant increase in volume of the ends 4 and thus leads to a sharp reduction in the deformability. To avoid this, according to FIGS. 3 and 4, plugs 16 are inserted into the mouths of the cavities 7, 8 (only those for the cavities 8 are shown) and before the sides 2 are inserted into the mold.
  • the still protruding ends of the plugs 16 are cut off in accordance with the course of the respective end face, that is to say obliquely in FIG. 3 as the end face 14.
  • the oblique cut-off has a great advantage over the straight cut-off according to FIG. 4 are explained. If the rubber is put under pressure into the injection mold to form the corner piece 3, a force P acts on each stopper 16 perpendicular to the end face and thus perpendicularly on the oblique end of the stopper 16.
  • This force P can be broken down into two components , ie in a component P1 in the longitudinal axis of the stopper and in a component P2 transversely to it. The latter presses the plug 16 even more strongly against the wall of the cavity than would be the case simply by inserting it.
  • Rubber cords can be used for the stopper 16, the volume of which is somewhat larger (approx. 10%) than the cavity volume filled by the stopper. This already results in compression when the mold is closed, which prevents the plug from being pushed away along the cavity during the subsequent injection.
  • This static friction can be increased if, instead of the profile cords, small molded parts with a recess conical to the injection area are used, so that the static friction component is reinforced.
  • the static friction component can be strengthened again by using profile cords to plug the cavities, which have the roughest possible surface due to the choice of material or production.
  • the combination of the measures namely the cylindrical diagonal recesses in the corner area and the closing of the cavity ends, means that the total material volume in the corner area is not greater than the available volume of the segment groove in the corner area.
  • the length l of a plug 16 or. its shortest length in the inclined section advantageously corresponds minimally to the smallest diameter D of the cavity blocked by it at the relevant end. On the one hand, a good adhesion of the plug is achieved, but on the other hand, the deformability of the end 4 is only insignificantly impaired.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/CH94/00072 Sec. 371 Date Feb. 1, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Feb. 1, 1995 PCT Filed Apr. 11, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO94/24417 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 27, 1994A corner area has a corner piece which is inserted between two ends of the sealing profile strip of a sealing structure and is joined thereto. To facilitate the deformability of the corner piece when the sealing structure is pressed together under pressure, the structure has recesses. These recesses are disposed at an angle to cavities in the ends.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Eckbereich eines Dichtungsrahmens für einen Tunneltübbing, der aus den Enden zweier unter einem Winkel gegeneinander laufenden, aus Dichtungsprofilleisten bestehenden Seiten des Dichtungsrahmens und aus einem diese Enden verbindenden Eckstück besteht, wobei die Dichtungsprofilleisten in ihrem Querschnitt mit in ihrer Längsrichtung bis in die Enden hinein durchgehend verlaufenden Nuten und Hohlräumen versehen sind und das Eckstück Ausnehmungen aufweist, die unter einem Winkel zu den Nuten und Hohlräumen des einen wie des anderen Endes verlaufen und wenigstens gegen die Innenseite des Dichtungsrahmens hin offen sind.The invention relates to a corner region of a sealing frame for a tunnel tubbing, which consists of the ends of two sides of the sealing frame running at an angle to one another, consisting of sealing profile strips, and of a corner piece connecting these ends, the sealing profile strips in cross-section with in their longitudinal direction up to Ends are continuous grooves and cavities provided and the corner piece has recesses which run at an angle to the grooves and cavities of one end and the other and are at least open to the inside of the sealing frame.

Tunneltübbinge sind rechteckige, oft leicht gebogene Platten aus Beton, mit denen ein soeben ausgebrochener Tunnel verkleidet wird. Um zu verhindern, dass Wasser aus dem Berg in den Tunnel hineintropft, weist jeder Tübbing an seinen vier Schmalseiten eine umlaufende Nut auf, in die ein Dichtungsprofilleistenrahmen eingelegt wird, der etwas aus ihr herausragt. Die Tübbinge werden unter Druck so montiert, dass sie sich berühren; dadurch kommen dann die Dichtungsrahmen auf jeder ihrer Seiten unter hohem Druck aneinander zu liegen, wobei sie vollständig in die Tübbingnut hineingedrückt werden. Sie bilden so im Tunnel ein eigentliches Dichtungsnetzwerk, das sich sowohl über den Tunnelgewölbebogen als auch in Tunnellängsrichtung erstreckt. Die Dichtungsprofilleisten selber werden industriell vorgeformt, indem sie in beliebiger Länge extrudiert und dann auf das Mass zugeschnitten werden, das der Seitenlänge bei quadratischen Tübbingen bezw. der jeweiligen Seitenlänge bei rechteckigen Tübbingen entspricht.Tunnel tubbings are rectangular, often slightly curved, concrete slabs that are used to cover a tunnel that has just broken out. In order to prevent water from dripping into the tunnel from the mountain, each tubbing has a circumferential groove on its four narrow sides, into which a sealing profile frame is inserted, which protrudes slightly from it. The segments are assembled under pressure so that they touch; this causes the sealing frames to come into contact with each other on each of their sides under high pressure, whereby they are pressed completely into the segment groove. In this way, they form an actual sealing network in the tunnel, which extends both over the arch of the tunnel and in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The sealing profile strips themselves are industrially preformed by extruding them into any length and then cutting them to the size that the side length of square segments. corresponds to the respective side length for rectangular segments.

Der Querschnitt der Nuten im Tübbing und derjenige der Dichtungsprofilleiste sowie die Eigenschaften ihres Gummimaterials müssen sorgfältig aufeinander abgestimmt werden, weil einander widersprechende Bedingungen erfüllt werden müssen, um den Tunnel einwandfrei abzudichten. So ist vorerst die Tatsache zu beachten, dass Gummi zwar gut deformierbar, andererseits aber entgegen einer weitverbreiteten Meinung praktisch inkompressibel ist. Sein Gesamtvolumen lässt sich unter Druck nur unwesentlich verkleinern. Die Dichtungsprofilleisten müssen daher mit in ihrem Innern angeordneten Hohlräumen versehen sein, die sich bei der unter Druck erfolgenden Montage deformieren lassen, um so die Profilleisten dennoch in die Nuten hineindrücken zu können. Dies ist auch deswegen wichtig, weil beim Aneinanderreihen der Tübbinge immer wieder Toleranzen in den Abmessungen zu berücksichtigen sind.The cross-section of the grooves in the tubbing and that of the sealing profile strip as well as the properties of their rubber material must be carefully coordinated with one another, because conflicting conditions have to be met in order to seal the tunnel properly. For the time being, the fact that rubber is easily deformable, but on the other hand, contrary to popular belief, is practically incompressible. Its total volume can only be insignificantly reduced under pressure. The sealing profile strips must therefore be provided with cavities arranged in their interior, which can be deformed during assembly under pressure, so that the profile strips can nevertheless be pressed into the grooves. This is also important because tolerances in the dimensions have to be taken into account again and again when lining up the segments.

Es sind aber noch weitere Bedingungen zu beachten. Um möglichst grosse Toleranzen aufnehmen zu können, sollte der Dichtungsquerschnitt relativ gross sein. Die Tübbingnut wird aber umso verletzungsempfindlicher, je grösser sie ist, sie sollte also möglichst klein gehalten werden können. Zur Erreichung einer hohen Dichtigkeit sind relativ grosse Dichtdrücke notwendig, die hinwiederum eher von einem grossen Profilleistenquerschnitt erreicht werden; andererseits wird aus Kostengründen ein möglichst kleiner Dichtungsmaterialquerschnitt angestrebt.However, there are other conditions to consider. In order to be able to accommodate the greatest possible tolerances, the seal cross-section should be relatively large. However, the tubbing groove becomes more sensitive to injury the larger it is, so it should be possible to keep it as small as possible. In order to achieve a high level of tightness, relatively large sealing pressures are necessary, which in turn are more likely to be achieved by a large profile cross-section; on the other hand, the smallest possible sealing material cross section is sought for reasons of cost.

Aus diesem Grund werden der Profilleistenquerschnitt und der Nutquerschnitt im Tübbing so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass in einen möglichst kleinen Nutquerschnitt ein optimal abgestimmter und profilierter Leistenquerschnitt hineindeformiert werden kann.For this reason, the profile strip cross-section and the groove cross-section in the tubbing are coordinated with one another in such a way that an optimally coordinated and profiled strip cross-section can be formed into the smallest possible groove cross-section.

Ist der Leistenquerschnitt grösser als der kleinstmögliche Nutquerschnitt unter Einbeziehung aller möglichen Toleranzen, kann es beim Verpressen der Tübbinge, das zum Teil mit ganz erheblichen Kräften geschieht, zu einem Absprengen der Betonnutflanken des Tübbings kommen.If the ledge cross-section is larger than the smallest possible groove cross-section, taking into account all possible tolerances, the concrete groove flanks of the tubbing may be blown off when the segments are pressed in, which sometimes happens with very considerable forces.

Alle diese Bedingungen haben einen Einfluss auf die Eckbereiche des Rahmens, der aus den einzelnen Stücken des Profilleistenstranges geschnitten wird. Die Eckbereiche werden durch Einlegen der Stücke in eine Form und anschliessendes Injizieren von unvulkanisiertem Gummi in die freien Forniecken hergestellt; der Gummi wird hierbei durch Druck und Hitze vulkanisiert. Im Hinblick auf die vorhin erwähnten Bedingungen muss daher auch der Ausbildung der Eckbereiche besondere Beachtung geschenkt werden. Diese ist am einfachsten, wenn die Dichtungsprofilleiste im Querschnitt bogenförmig, aber ohne Hohlräume ist. Dann bleibt dieser Querschnitt auch in der Ecke unverändert. Das gleiche ist bei Profilen mit Hohlkammern oder stark hinterschnittenen Bereichen nicht möglich, da im Hohlkammerbereich angebrachte Einlegeteile in der Form gar nicht und bei Hinterschneidungen nur sehr schwer nach der Vulkanisation wieder entformt werden können.All these conditions have an influence on the corner areas of the frame, which is cut from the individual pieces of the profile strip strand. The corner areas are produced by inserting the pieces into a mold and then injecting unvulcanized rubber into the free mold corners; the rubber is vulcanized by pressure and heat. With regard to the conditions mentioned above, special attention must also be paid to the design of the corner areas. This is easiest if the sealing profile strip is arched in cross section, but without cavities. Then this cross section remains unchanged in the corner. The same is not possible in the case of profiles with hollow chambers or heavily undercut areas, since the inserted parts in the hollow chamber area cannot be removed from the mold at all and only very difficult to remove from undercuts after vulcanization.

Bereits bei gleichem Querschnitt im Eck- und Profilbereich kommt es durch die Deformation während der Montage in der Ecke zu einer Querschnittsvergrösserung, da beide Schenkel in Profillängsrichtung gestaucht werden, was sich in einer Querschnitterweiterung ausdrückt. Dieser Effekt wird noch grösser, wenn der Materialquerschnitt im Eckbereich bereits durch das Herstellverfahren vergrössert wird.Even with the same cross-section in the corner and profile area, the deformation during assembly in the corner leads to an increase in cross-section, since both legs are compressed in the longitudinal direction of the profile, which is expressed in a cross-sectional expansion. This effect becomes even greater if the material cross section in the corner area is already enlarged by the manufacturing process.

Es muss deshalb eine Lösung gefunden werden, die es gestattet, den Materialquerschnitt im Eckbereich soweit zu reduzieren, dass auch hier, wie im Bereich des Profils, der Materialquerschnitt nicht grösser ist, als das vom Fugenquerschnitt her zur Verfügung stehende Volumen. Ein grösserer Materialquerschnitt führt auch hier zu einer Sprengwirkung, die die schwächere Fugenflanke des Tübbings zum Abplatzen bringt.A solution must therefore be found that allows the material cross section in the corner area to be reduced to such an extent that, as in the profile area, the material cross section is not greater than the volume available from the joint cross section. A larger material cross-section also leads to an explosive effect, which causes the weaker joint flank of the segment to flake off.

In der europäischen Veröffentlichungsschrift 0 414 617 wird der Vorschlag gemacht, das Eckstück ebenfalls mit Ausnehmungen zu versehen. Diese werden aber nur in der dort als Erfindungszweck dargestellten Klebplatte oder Sohle angebracht, sofern diese auch im Eckstück vorhanden ist; sie kann dort nach einer anderen Ausführungsform auch fehlen. Das entweder durch die Ausnehmungen oder durch das Fehlen der Sohle freiwerdende Volumen ist jedoch völlig ungenügend, um die vorhin erwähnte Reduktion des Materialquerschnittes in ausreichendem Mass herbeizuführen. Somit sind Materialanhäufungen im Eckstück, die sich, wie schon erwähnt, durch die Montage des Dichtungsrahmens am Tübbing ergeben, unvermeidbar.In European publication 0 414 617 the suggestion is made to also provide the corner piece with recesses. However, these are only used as the purpose of the invention shown adhesive plate or sole attached, if this is also present in the corner piece; according to another embodiment, it can also be missing there. However, the volume released either by the recesses or by the lack of the sole is completely insufficient to bring about the aforementioned reduction in the material cross section to a sufficient extent. Thus, material accumulations in the corner piece, which, as already mentioned, result from the installation of the sealing frame on the tubbing, are unavoidable.

Die Erfindung vermeidet diese Nachteile und berücksichtigt zudem die eingangs erwähnten Bedingungen. Der erfindungsgemässe Eckbereich ist durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 1 gekennzeichnet.The invention avoids these disadvantages and also takes into account the conditions mentioned at the beginning. The corner area according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 1.

Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemässen Eckbereichs sind in den beiliegenden Zeichnungen dargestellt; es zeigen

Fig. 1
einen Tübbing mit seinem Dichtungsrahmen,
Fig. 2
eine Ansicht eines Eckbereiches dieses Dichtungsrahmens von der Rahmeninnenseite her gesehen,
Fig. 3
einen Schnitt längs der Linie A - A in Fig. 2, in einer ersten Ausführungsform,
Fig. 4
denselben Schnitt, aber in einer andern Ausführungsform, und
Fig. 5
einen Ausschnitt aus Fig. 3 zur Darstellung von Kräften.
Exemplary embodiments of the corner area according to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings; show it
Fig. 1
a tubbing with its sealing frame,
Fig. 2
a view of a corner region of this sealing frame seen from the inside of the frame,
Fig. 3
3 shows a section along the line AA in FIG. 2, in a first embodiment,
Fig. 4
the same cut, but in a different embodiment, and
Fig. 5
a section of Fig. 3 for the representation of forces.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Tunneltübbing, wie er zu hunderten für die Verkleidung von soeben ausgebrochenen Tunnels verwendet wird. Er trägt auf seinen Schmalseiten einen Dichtungsrahmen 1, der in einer hier nicht sichtbaren Nut in diesen Seiten eingelassen ist. Die Tübbinge werden sowohl entlang des Gewölbebogens als auch in Tunnellängsrichtung schachbrettartig aneinandergereiht und zwar unter Druck, sodass die Dichtungsrahmen aneinandergepresst werden und derart dichten. Jeder Dichtungsrahmen 1 setzt sich aus Seiten 2 und aus sie verbindenden Eckstücken 3 zusammen. Je ein Eckstück 3 bildet mit den daran anstossenden Enden 4 der betreffenden Seiten 2 einen Eckbereich 5, welcher wegen den in der Einleitung erwähnten Bedingungen, insbesondere wegen der Montage der Tübbinge unter Druck, besonders ausgebildet sein muss, wie nachfolgend beschrieben.Fig. 1 shows a tunnel tubbing as hundreds are used for the covering of tunnels that have just been excavated. It carries a sealing frame 1 on its narrow sides, which is embedded in a groove (not visible here) in these sides. The segments are both along the arch and in The longitudinal direction of the tunnel is lined up like a checkerboard, under pressure, so that the sealing frames are pressed together and seal in this way. Each sealing frame 1 is composed of sides 2 and corner pieces 3 connecting them. Each corner piece 3 forms, with the ends 4 of the relevant sides 2 abutting thereon, a corner area 5 which, because of the conditions mentioned in the introduction, in particular because of the assembly of the segments, under pressure, must be specially designed, as described below.

Ein solcher Eckbereich 5 ist in Fig. 2 in einer Ansicht aus dem Inneren des Dichtungsrahmens 1 heraus dargestellt, und zwar, wie leicht ersichtlich, in Blickrichtung entlang einer Diagonale des Rahmens. Man ersieht, dass die Seiten 2 aus Abschnitten einer in beliebiger Länge extrudierten Dichtungsprofilleiste bestehen. Der Querschnitt derselben ist aus dieser Figur ebenfalls ersichtlich, da nur die Enden 4 der Seiten dargestellt sind. Welcher Abschnitt jeder Seite 2 als Ende 4 betrachtet werden soll, ist vorerst unerheblich; es ist aber für die nachfolgenden Erläuterungen wesentlich, von solchen Enden zu sprechen.Such a corner area 5 is shown in FIG. 2 in a view from the inside of the sealing frame 1, specifically, as can easily be seen, in the viewing direction along a diagonal of the frame. It can be seen that the sides 2 consist of sections of a sealing profile strip extruded in any length. The cross section of the same can also be seen from this figure, since only the ends 4 of the sides are shown. Which section of each page 2 is to be regarded as the end 4 is initially irrelevant; but it is essential for the following explanations to speak of such ends.

Die Dichtungsprofilleiste bezw. die aus ihr abgeschnittenen Seiten 2 weisen Nuten 6 und in Längsrichtung durchlaufende Hohlräume 7, 8 auf. Während die Nuten 6 beim Tübbing an der schon erwähnten Nut anliegen und zum Teil auch zur Entwässerung dienen, sind sowohl die innen liegenden Hohlräume 7 als auch die aussen liegenden Hohlräume 8 nur dazu da, die Deformation des Dichtungsrahmens 1 unter Druck eines gleichen Rahmens eines andern Tübbings zu ermöglichen und damit für eine einwandfreie Dichtung zu sorgen. Durch das Extrusionsverfahren sind natürlich die Nuten 6 ebenfalls, wie die Hohlräume 7, 8, durchlaufend, d.h. sie erstrecken sich bis in die Enden 4 hinein.The sealing profile strip or the sides 2 cut from it have grooves 6 and cavities 7, 8 extending in the longitudinal direction. While the grooves 6 abut the already mentioned groove during tubbing and partly also serve for drainage, both the internal cavities 7 and the external cavities 8 are only there for the deformation of the sealing frame 1 under the pressure of the same frame of another To enable tubbings and thus to ensure a perfect seal. Due to the extrusion process, the grooves 6 are of course also continuous, like the cavities 7, 8, i.e. they extend into the ends 4.

Das Eckstück 3 wird so hergestellt, dass jeweils zwei Seiten 2 in eine Form unter einem Winkel zueinander, meist unter 90°, eingelegt werden. Die Form wird dann verschlossen und unvulkanisierter Gummi eingespritzt. Unter Hitze und Druck vulkanisiert dieser in kürzester Zeit aus und verbindet sich mit den Seiten 2 bezw. ihren Enden 4.The corner piece 3 is manufactured in such a way that two sides 2 each are in a shape at an angle to one another, usually at 90 °, be inserted. The mold is then closed and unvulcanized rubber is injected. Under heat and pressure, this vulcanises in a very short time and connects to pages 2 and their ends 4.

Wie schon erwähnt, muss jede Seite 2 soweit deformierbar sein, dass sie vollständig in der Tübbingnut verschwinden kann. Wegen der ebenfalls schon erwähnten sehr geringen Kompressibilität des Gummis kann daher in die Form nicht einfach Gummi entsprechend dem Formvolumen eingespritzt werden. Das würde das zu bildende Eckstück 3 zu einem vollen Körper machen, mit der auch schon erwähnten Gefahr, dass dann beim Zusammendrücken des Dichtungsrahmens der an die Tübbingnut angrenzende Rand des Tübbings senkrecht zur Ebene des letzteren weggesprengt würde. an muss also darauf achten, dass das Gesamtvolumen an eingespritztem Gummi höchstens so gross ist wie das Volumen der entsprechenden Ecke der Tübbingnut. Es sind also Ausnehmungen vorzusehen. Die hierfür notwendigen Formkerne müssen aber so angeordnet sein, dass sie sich nach dem Einspritzen leicht herausnehmen lassen. Man ersieht schon aus dieser Forderung, dass die genannten Ausnehmungen nicht einfach Fortsetzungen der Nuten 6 oder der Hohlräume 7, 8 sein können, denn sonst wäre ein Entformen unmöglich.As already mentioned, each side 2 must be deformable to the extent that it can completely disappear into the segment groove. Because of the very low compressibility of the rubber, which has also already been mentioned, rubber cannot be simply injected into the mold in accordance with the mold volume. This would make the corner piece 3 to be formed a full body, with the already mentioned risk that the edge of the tubbing adjacent to the tubbing groove would then be blown away perpendicular to the plane of the latter when the sealing frame was compressed. So you have to make sure that the total volume of injected rubber is at most as large as the volume of the corresponding corner of the segment groove. Recesses must therefore be provided. The mold cores required for this must be arranged in such a way that they can be easily removed after injection. One can already see from this requirement that the above-mentioned recesses cannot simply be continuations of the grooves 6 or the cavities 7, 8, otherwise demoulding would be impossible.

Die Erfindung sieht daher vor, die Ausnehmungen, im folgenden mit 9 bzw. 9' bezeichnet, im wesentlichen unter einem Winkel zu den Nuten 6 und Hohlräumen 7, 8 zu legen und sie gegen die Innenseite des Rahmens 1 offen zu halten. Die Innenseite ist hierfür besser geeignet, weil die Aussenseite die Dichtfläche bildet und daher keine Unebenheiten zulässt. Diese Ausnehmungen, 9 in der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 3, 9' in derjenigen nach Fig. 4, sind dort sowie in Fig. 2 deutlich ersichtlich. Da die Eckbereiche 3 wegen den in der Regel quadratischen oder rechteckigen Tübbingen rechtwinklig sind, ist es zweckmässig, die Ausnehmungen 9, 9' unter jeweils 45° zu den Nuten 6 und den Hohlräumen 7, 8 des angrenzenden Endes 4 zu legen. Um die Ausnehmungen aus Festigkeitsgründen nicht zu gross werden zu lassen und dennoch die gewünschte Volumenreduktion im Eckstück 3 herbeizuführen, werden sie zweckmässig beidseitig einer Diagonale angeordnet, die sich von der äusseren Ecke 10 des Eckstückes 3 zur inneren Ecke 11 erstreckt. Das ergibt dann, wie Fig. 2 zeigt, in diesem Fall je drei Ausnehmungen untereinander auf einer Seite der Diagonale, also gleichviele Ausnehmungen wie Nuten 6 der betreffenden Seite 2.The invention therefore provides for the recesses, hereinafter referred to as 9 or 9 ', to be placed essentially at an angle to the grooves 6 and cavities 7, 8 and to keep them open against the inside of the frame 1. The inside is more suitable because the outside forms the sealing surface and therefore does not allow any unevenness. These recesses, 9 in the embodiment according to FIGS. 3, 9 'in the embodiment according to FIG. 4, are clearly visible there and in FIG. 2. Since the corner areas 3 are rectangular due to the generally square or rectangular segments, it is expedient to place the recesses 9, 9 'at 45 ° to the grooves 6 and the cavities 7, 8 of the adjacent end 4. To the recesses for strength reasons not to let it get too big and still bring about the desired volume reduction in the corner piece 3, they are expediently arranged on both sides of a diagonal, which extends from the outer corner 10 of the corner piece 3 to the inner corner 11. This then results, as shown in FIG. 2, in this case in each case three recesses one below the other on one side of the diagonal, that is to say the same number of recesses as grooves 6 on the relevant side 2.

Die Ausführungsformen nach den Fig. 3 und 4 unterscheiden sich in zwei Einzelheiten. Fig. 3 zeigt die bevorzugte, in der Herstellung aber etwas aufwendigere Ausführungsform, bei welcher die Ausnehmungen 9 in je einer Ebene 12 enden, die zur entsprechenden Aussenseite 13 des Eckstückes 3 unter einem Winkel verläuft und zwar derart, dass die Wandstärke d in der Nähe der Ecke 10 am geringsten ist und von dort aus stetig zunimmt. Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 4 verläuft die Ebene 12' parallel zur Aussenseite 13, und daher ist die Wandstärke d konstant. Von grossem Vorteil ist es, wenn diese Wandstärke bezw. bei Fig. 3 die geringste Wandstärke mindestens einen Drittel des Durchmessers der Ausnehmungen 9, 9' beträgt. Sind diese im Querschnitt nicht kreisförmig, sondern z.B. elliptisch wie in Fig. 2, wird der genannte Wert auf den kleineren Durchmesser bezogen.The embodiments according to FIGS. 3 and 4 differ in two details. Fig. 3 shows the preferred, but somewhat more complex to manufacture, in which the recesses 9 each end in a plane 12 which extends at an angle to the corresponding outer side 13 of the corner piece 3 in such a way that the wall thickness d is close corner 10 is the lowest and increases steadily from there. In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the plane 12 'runs parallel to the outside 13, and therefore the wall thickness d is constant. It is a great advantage if this wall thickness resp. 3, the smallest wall thickness is at least one third of the diameter of the recesses 9, 9 '. If these are not circular in cross-section, but e.g. elliptical as in Fig. 2, the mentioned value is related to the smaller diameter.

Der zweite Unterschied zwischen den beiden Ausführungsformen besteht darin, wie die Enden 4 angeschnitten sind. In Fig. 4 erfolgt dieses Anschneiden genau rechtwinklig zur Längsachse der Seite 2, was herstellungstechnisch zwar einfacher ist, beim Eckstück 3 aber zu mehr Masse führt. In Fig. 3 erfolgt daher das Abschneiden vor dem Einlegen in die Form unter einem Winkel und zwar zweckmässig unter 45° derart, dass die so entstandenen Stirnflächen 14 parallel zu den Längsachsen 15 der Ausnehmungen 9 verlaufen. Dies reduziert das Volumen des Eckstückes 3 erheblich, wie ein Vergleich der Fig. 3 und 4 ergibt.The second difference between the two embodiments is how the ends 4 are cut. In Fig. 4 this cutting takes place exactly at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the side 2, which is easier in terms of production technology, but leads to more mass in the corner piece 3. In FIG. 3, the cutting is therefore carried out at an angle before insertion into the mold, and expediently at 45 ° in such a way that the end faces 14 thus created run parallel to the longitudinal axes 15 of the recesses 9. This considerably reduces the volume of the corner piece 3, as a comparison of FIGS. 3 and 4 shows.

Beim erwähnten Spritzen des Eckstückes 3 in der Form ist nun auf einen weiteren Umstand zu achten, um eine unerwünschte Vergrösserung des eingespritzten Gummivolumens zu vermeiden. Wie erwähnt sind ja die Hohlräume 7, 8 an den genannten Stirnseiten der Enden 4 offen. Da der Einspritzvorgang unter einem gewissen Minimaldruck oder darüber erfolgen muss, um eine gute Verbindung des Eckstückes 3 zu den angrenzenden Enden 4 zu erreichen, würde ein Teil des eingespritzten Materials in die Hohlräume 7, 8 einströmen und sie über eine längere Strecke ausfüllen, was zu einem erheblichen Volumenanstieg der Enden 4 und damit zu einer starken Verringerung der Deformationsfähigkeit führt. Um dies zu vermeiden, werden gemäss Fig. 3 und 4 Stopfen 16 in die Mündungen der Hohlräume 7, 8 eingeführt (dargestellt sind nur diejenigen für die Hohlräume 8) und zwar vor dem Einlegen der Seiten 2 in die Form. Die noch herausragenden Enden der Stopfen 16 werden entsprechend dem Verlauf der jeweiligen Stirnseite abgeschnitten, in Fig. 3 also schräg wie die Stirnseite 14. Das schräge Abschneiden hat einen grossen Vorteil gegenüber dem geraden Abschneiden nach Fig. 4. Dies soll anhand der Fig. 5 erläutert werden. Wird nämlich der Gummi unter Druck in die Einspritzform eingegeben, um das Eckstück 3 zu bilden, so wirkt auf jeden Stopfen 16 eine Kraft P senkrecht zur Stirnseite und damit senkrecht auf das schräge Ende des Stopfens 16. Diese Kraft P kann in zwei Komponenten zerlegt werden, also in eine Komponente P1 in der Längsachse des Stopfens und in eine Komponente P2 quer dazu. Die letztere drückt den Stopfen 16 noch stärker an die Wand des Hohlraumes als dies vom blossen Einschieben allein der Fall wäre.When spraying the corner piece 3 in the mold is now on to pay attention to another circumstance in order to avoid an undesired enlargement of the injected rubber volume. As mentioned, the cavities 7, 8 are open at the end faces 4 mentioned. Since the injection process must take place under a certain minimum pressure or above in order to achieve a good connection of the corner piece 3 to the adjacent ends 4, part of the injected material would flow into the cavities 7, 8 and fill them over a longer distance, which would result in a significant increase in volume of the ends 4 and thus leads to a sharp reduction in the deformability. To avoid this, according to FIGS. 3 and 4, plugs 16 are inserted into the mouths of the cavities 7, 8 (only those for the cavities 8 are shown) and before the sides 2 are inserted into the mold. The still protruding ends of the plugs 16 are cut off in accordance with the course of the respective end face, that is to say obliquely in FIG. 3 as the end face 14. The oblique cut-off has a great advantage over the straight cut-off according to FIG. 4 are explained. If the rubber is put under pressure into the injection mold to form the corner piece 3, a force P acts on each stopper 16 perpendicular to the end face and thus perpendicularly on the oblique end of the stopper 16. This force P can be broken down into two components , ie in a component P1 in the longitudinal axis of the stopper and in a component P2 transversely to it. The latter presses the plug 16 even more strongly against the wall of the cavity than would be the case simply by inserting it.

Für die Stopfen 16 können Gummischnüre verwendet werden, deren Volurnen etwas grösser ist (ca. 10 %) als das vom Stopfen ausgefüllte Hohlraumvolumen. Dadurch ergibt sich bereits beim Schliessen der Form eine Verpressung, die beim nachfolgenden Einspritzen ein Wegdrücken des Stopfens entlang des Hohlraumes verhindert. Diese Haftreibung kann noch verstärkt werden, wenn anstelle der Profilschnüre kleine Formteile mit einer zum Einspritzbereich kegelförmigen Ausnehmung verwendet werden, sodass die Haftreibungskomponente verstärkt wird.Rubber cords can be used for the stopper 16, the volume of which is somewhat larger (approx. 10%) than the cavity volume filled by the stopper. This already results in compression when the mold is closed, which prevents the plug from being pushed away along the cavity during the subsequent injection. This static friction can be increased if, instead of the profile cords, small molded parts with a recess conical to the injection area are used, so that the static friction component is reinforced.

Die Haftreibungskomponente kann nochmals verstärkt werden, indem zum Stopfen der Hohlräume Profilschnüre verwendet werden, die durch die Wahl des Materials oder der Herstellung eine möglichst rauhe Oberfläche aufweisen.The static friction component can be strengthened again by using profile cords to plug the cavities, which have the roughest possible surface due to the choice of material or production.

Durch die Kombination der Massnahmen, nämlich durch die zylinderförmigen diagonalen Ausnehmungen im Eckbereich und durch das Verschliessen der Hohlraumenden kann erreicht werden, dass das Gesamtmaterialvolumen im Eckbereich nicht grösser ist als das zur Verfügung stehende Volumen der Tübbingnut im Eckbereich.The combination of the measures, namely the cylindrical diagonal recesses in the corner area and the closing of the cavity ends, means that the total material volume in the corner area is not greater than the available volume of the segment groove in the corner area.

Bei der Betrachtung der Querschnitte der Seiten 2 bezw. der Enden 4 der Eckstücke 3 ergeben sich drei unterschiedliche Querschnitte, die in der Materialwahl und vor allen Dingen in dem Dehnungsverhalten so aufeinander abgestimmt werden müssen, dass unter dein hohen Deformationsdruck das Material vom Ueberschuss hin in Richtung des kleineren Materialvolumens dringen, bezw. fliessen kann.When considering the cross-sections of pages 2 and 2 respectively. the ends 4 of the corner pieces 3 result in three different cross sections, which must be coordinated in the choice of material and above all in the expansion behavior so that under high deformation pressure the material penetrates from the excess towards the smaller material volume, respectively. can flow.

Die Länge ℓ eines Stopfens 16 bezw. seine bei Schrägabschnitt kürzeste Länge entspricht mit Vorteil minimal dem kleinsten Durchmesser D des von ihm am betreffenden Ende verstopften Hohlraumes. Damit wird einerseits eine gute Haftung des Stopfens erreicht, andererseits aber die Deformationsfähigkeit des Endes 4 nur unwesentlich beeinträchtigt.The length ℓ of a plug 16 or. its shortest length in the inclined section advantageously corresponds minimally to the smallest diameter D of the cavity blocked by it at the relevant end. On the one hand, a good adhesion of the plug is achieved, but on the other hand, the deformability of the end 4 is only insignificantly impaired.

Claims (7)

  1. Corner region of a sealing frame for a tunnel tubbing, which is composed of the ends of two sides (2) of the sealing frame (1), which consist of sealing profile strips and run at an angle to one another, and of a corner piece (3) connecting these ends (4), wherein the sealing profile strips are provided with grooves (6) and cavities (7, 8) extending continuously in their longitudinal direction and into the ends in their cross-section, and the corner piece (3) has recesses (9, 9'), which run at an angle to the grooves (6) and cavities (7, 8) of one as well as the other end (4) and are open at least towards the inside of the sealing frame (1), characterised in that the recesses (9, 9') in the corner piece (3) respectively run at 45° to the cavities (7, 8); and that there are as many recesses (9, 9') respectively located one above the other on both sides of a diagonal leading from the outer corner (10) to the inner corner (11) of the corner piece (3) as there are grooves (6) on each side (2).
  2. Corner region according to Claim 1, characterised in that the recesses (9') terminate before the respective outside (13) of the corner piece (3) in a plane (12') running parallel to this outside (13) in order to attain a constant wall thickness (d) of the end piece.
  3. Corner region according to Claim 1, characterised in that the recesses (9) terminate before the respective outside (13) of the corner piece (3) in a plane (12) running at an angle to this outside (13), i.e in such a way that the wall thickness (d) of the corner piece (3) increases out from its corner (10) towards the ends (4) of the frame sides (2).
  4. Corner region according to Claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the wall thickness or the minimum wall thickness (d) respectively amounts to at least one third of the diameter of a recess (9, 9') or of the smallest diameter of a recess which is not circular in cross-section.
  5. Corner region according to Claim 1, characterised in that the ends (4) of the frame sides (2) are cut at 45° in such a way that their end faces (14) run parallel to the longitudinal axes of the recesses (9, 9') of the corner piece (3).
  6. Corner region according to Claim 1, characterised in that the cavities (7, 8) are sealed at the end faces by means of plugs (16).
  7. Corner region according to Claim 6, characterised in that each plug (16) has a minimum length (1) which corresponds to the smallest diameter (D) of the cavity blocked by it at the respective end.
EP94911044A 1993-04-16 1994-04-11 Corner area of a sealing frame for a tunnel tubbing Expired - Lifetime EP0644980B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH01166/93A CH686900A5 (en) 1993-04-16 1993-04-16 Corner area of ​​a sealing frame for a Tunneltubbing.
CH1166/93 1993-04-16
PCT/CH1994/000072 WO1994024417A1 (en) 1993-04-16 1994-04-11 Corner area of a sealing frame for a tunnel tubbing

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0644980A1 EP0644980A1 (en) 1995-03-29
EP0644980B1 true EP0644980B1 (en) 1997-07-23

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94911044A Expired - Lifetime EP0644980B1 (en) 1993-04-16 1994-04-11 Corner area of a sealing frame for a tunnel tubbing

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US (1) US5660501A (en)
EP (1) EP0644980B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE155849T1 (en)
CH (1) CH686900A5 (en)
DE (1) DE59403441D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1994024417A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1887183A1 (en) * 2006-08-01 2008-02-13 Ein Shemer Rubber Industries Corner area of a sealing frame for a tunnel tubbing

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6039503A (en) * 1998-01-29 2000-03-21 Silicone Specialties, Inc. Expansion joint system
DE50012815D1 (en) * 2000-01-04 2006-06-29 Volker Hentschel tunnel lining
EP1302626B1 (en) 2001-10-11 2005-12-07 Dätwyler AG Schweizerische Kabel-, Gummi- und Kunststoffwerke Sealing section for tunnel segments
EP4108881A1 (en) * 2021-06-21 2022-12-28 CTS Cordes tubes & seals GmbH & Co. KG Notched tubbing corner

Family Cites Families (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH629869A5 (en) * 1978-03-23 1982-05-14 Daetwyler Ag JOINT GASKET WITH SEALING STRIPS FOR BUTT JOINTS BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS.
DE3540494A1 (en) * 1985-11-15 1987-05-21 Phoenix Ag SEALING PROFILE FOR TUNNEL TUBE SEGMENTS
FR2602543B1 (en) * 1986-08-08 1988-11-04 Phoenix Ag PROFILED SEAL FOR TUBE SEGMENTS TO BE ASSEMBLED IN A TUNNEL
GB2209568B (en) * 1987-09-05 1991-10-23 Phoenix Ag Sealing profile for tunnel segments
DE3779123D1 (en) * 1987-09-10 1992-06-17 Joint Francais SEALING ELEMENT FOR TUNNEL REMOVAL SEGMENTS.
FR2651275B1 (en) * 1989-08-25 1991-12-06 Joint Francais PROFILED ELASTOMERIC GASKET FOR TUNNEL SEAT.
CH679510A5 (en) * 1989-11-10 1992-02-28 Daetwyler Ag
FR2655374B1 (en) * 1989-12-04 1992-04-03 Joint Francais ELASTOMERIC GASKET FOR TUNNEL CUSHION.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1887183A1 (en) * 2006-08-01 2008-02-13 Ein Shemer Rubber Industries Corner area of a sealing frame for a tunnel tubbing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5660501A (en) 1997-08-26
WO1994024417A1 (en) 1994-10-27
EP0644980A1 (en) 1995-03-29
CH686900A5 (en) 1996-07-31
ATE155849T1 (en) 1997-08-15
DE59403441D1 (en) 1997-09-04

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