EP0634497B1 - Matériau composite à matrice intermétallique du type A1Ni renforcée par des particules de carbure de silicium - Google Patents
Matériau composite à matrice intermétallique du type A1Ni renforcée par des particules de carbure de silicium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0634497B1 EP0634497B1 EP94401585A EP94401585A EP0634497B1 EP 0634497 B1 EP0634497 B1 EP 0634497B1 EP 94401585 A EP94401585 A EP 94401585A EP 94401585 A EP94401585 A EP 94401585A EP 0634497 B1 EP0634497 B1 EP 0634497B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- matrix
- composite material
- alni
- particles
- silicon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1026—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a solution or a suspension of (a) compound(s) of at least one of the alloy constituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
- C22C32/0063—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides based on SiC
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a material composite comprising a compound matrix AlNi type intermetallic, reinforced by silicon carbide particles SiC, which is intended for medium or high temperature applications, for example 600 to 1200 ° C, possibly in an atmosphere oxidizing.
- intermetallic compounds such as AlNi are currently the subject of a major research and development effort in all highly industrialized countries.
- these intermetallic compounds exhibit great interest.
- intermetallic compounds AlNi type nickel aluminide have low density (5.9) relative to that (9) of the superalloys nickel based, and they have excellent strength to high temperature oxidation.
- materials reinforced with TiB 2 or Al 2 O 3 which have a markedly improved resistance to hot creep, have a lower resistance to oxidation than that of the intermetallic compound AlNi.
- this reduction in oxidation resistance is due to the presence of TiB 2 particles which oxidize faster than the intermetallic compound AlNi; in the case of Al 2 O 3 reinforcement, this reduction in oxidation resistance is due to the fact that oxygen can migrate within the composite material by the microcracks which exist at the matrix-particle interface of Al 2 O 3 due to the weak interfacial bond.
- the object of the present invention is precisely use as reinforcement in a matrix intermetallic AlNi type of a compound, carbide silicon, which although reactive with the matrix, can be stabilized in it thanks to a contribution of silicon and lead to a composite material satisfactory.
- the composite material comprises a matrix consisting mainly of a compound AlNi type intermetallic comprising 43 to 63% nickel and containing in solid solution from 1.5 to 30% in silicon atoms, and a reinforcement formed of silicon carbide particles SiC dispersed in this matrix, said composite material comprising from 10 to 60% by volume of SiC particles.
- Decomposition of silicon carbide SiC occurs from about 700 ° C by chemical reaction with the intermetallic compound AlNi, which releases aluminum carbide Al 4 C 3 or carbon, while silicon passes into solid solution in the intermetallic compound.
- this amount of silicon is 2 at 11% in atoms for materials having to resist temperatures of 1000 ° C.
- a material associating particles silicon carbide SiC and a matrix AlNi type intermetallic solution solid a sufficient quantity of silicon constitutes a system in thermodynamic equilibrium which does not evolve more, by chemical reaction matrix / reinforcement of SiC, when worn at high temperature.
- a limited chemical reaction between the matrix and the silicon carbide reinforcement creates a strong interfacial bond between the reinforcement and the matrix, which is advantageous for obtaining a high oxidation resistance of the material.
- the composite material comprising a reinforcement of silicon carbide exhibits both chemical stability and good behavior hot creep of AlNi / TiB 2 composites, while retaining the excellent oxidation resistance of unreinforced AlNi type intermetallic compounds.
- the carbide particles of silicon used as reinforcement in the composite material can be in different forms.
- the silicon carbide may be under different crystalline forms, for example under forms corresponding to alpha-hexagonal varieties and / or beta-cubics.
- the carbide particles of silicon have an average length, following their longer large dimension, from 1 to 100 ⁇ m, because with these dimensions optimal particle efficiency in as reinforcement.
- the composite material of the invention can understand more or less significant amounts of particle reinforcement.
- any material composite with particulate reinforcement we are interested in increase the breaking strength, the modulus elasticity and high creep resistance temperature, use a large amount of reinforcing particles, especially as the density of the silicon carbide being less than that of the matrix (3.2 and 5.9 respectively), the material will be the lighter the quantity of particles will be bigger.
- the proportion of reinforcement becomes important, the particles tend to enter contact between them and to form porous aggregates, which constitute weak points from which cracks may appear and then spread. he there is therefore a threshold not to be exceeded.
- the composite material comprises of 10 60% by volume of SiC particles.
- the SiC particle content is also chosen according to the geometrical characteristics (average size, shape, etc.) of the SiC particles and grains of the matrix to get the best results.
- the SiC particles have a average length, according to their largest dimension, from 5 to 50 ⁇ m, we generally prefer to use 10 to 30% by volume of SiC particles to obtain a good compromise between toughness, breaking strength and resistance to creep at high temperature.
- the AlNi type intermetallic compound used as a matrix in the composite material of the invention is an intermetallic aluminum compound and nickel mainly consisting of a phase having the B2 structure (CsCl type) characteristic of compound AlNi, which contains in solution a quantity suitable silicon.
- the matrix can also include common impurities such as alumina and / or iron, in small proportions, for example of 0.5 to 2% by volume for alumina and 0.5 to 2% by volume weight for iron, dissolved or in the form of microprecipitates.
- the phase with structure B2 of AlNi compound is characterized by a domain of existence relatively large in the AlNi binary system, since this domain extends for example from 43 to 63% in nickel atoms at 1000 ° C. This phase can dissolve, in the form of a solid solution, an amount of silicon which depends on the temperature and the atomic ratio between aluminum and nickel.
- any Al-Ni-Si ternary alloy of composition located inside the domain of existence of this phase of structure B2 can be suitable as a matrix provided that this alloy contains the minimum silicon content required for the intermetallic compound be in equilibrium thermodynamics with silicon carbide at the desired temperature, so that the interface reinforcement matrix no longer evolves by chemical reaction to high temperature.
- This minimum content depends on the content of nickel of the matrix and the temperature. So she is 1.5% in the case of a matrix containing 43% in nickel atom at a temperature of 1000 ° C.
- the compound intermetallic AlNi constituting the matrix comprises of 50 to 63% in atoms of nickel to avoid that, in the case of a limited reaction between the matrix and the silicon carbide, we have a carbide deposit of aluminum at the matrix-particle interface of silicon.
- the composite material of the invention can be prepared by conventional metallurgy processes for powders or foundries. Since the reinforcement and the matrix constituting the composite material are very refractory compounds, since the points of fusion of silicon carbide SiC and aluminide of nickel AlNi are respectively around 2550 and 1650 ° C, these processes will preferably be classic solid phase processes in metallurgy of powders such as hot compression, uniaxial or isostatic, or the hot extrusion of mixtures of SiC and AlNi powders.
- the silicon which must be included in the intermetallic compound matrix can be added, at least in part, before manufacture composite material, or be obtained only by partial decomposition of carbide particles from silicon during material development composite.
- the material can be prepared composite of the invention by subjecting it to a hot densification in solid phase a mixture of powder of an AlNi intermetallic compound containing or not silicon and SiC particles.
- materials composites of the invention are prepared from of an AlNi intermetallic compound to which has been added silicon.
- the amount of silicon added can be less, equal or greater than the content required in silicon to reach equilibrium thermodynamics between matrix and SiC particles.
- thermodynamic equilibrium matrix / particles When this quantity is equal to or greater than the content corresponding to the thermodynamic equilibrium matrix / particles, at the production temperature, obtains a material characterized by a bond weak at the matrix / particle interface because the chemical compatibility between matrix and particles of SiC is ensured at all stages of the development of the material, so there is no reaction between the matrix and the SiC particles.
- the SiC decomposition reaction gives silicon which diffuses very quickly in the intermetallic compound while carbon remains at near the particle / matrix interface in the form of submicron precipitates.
- this interfacial zone has an average coefficient of expansion between that of the particles (4 to 5.10 -6 K -1 ) and that of the matrix (13 to 15.10 -6 K -1 ), and therefore it can gradually absorb some of the static mechanical stresses generated in thermal cycling, the submicron carbon precipitates acting as dislocation traps.
- the SiC decomposition reaction is not accompanied by the formation of a continuous layer of a brittle compound at the interface, which is particularly favorable for obtaining high mechanical properties with regard to the composite material.
- a quantity of aluminum higher than the quantity of nickel, aluminum carbide (Al 4 C 3 ) is would form at the matrix / particle interface, which is unfavorable for the composite material, due, on the one hand, to the low stability of this carbide in a humid atmosphere, and, on the other hand, to the lower resistance to cracking of matrices poor in nickel.
- materials composites of the invention are prepared from of an AlNi intermetallic compound without addition of silicon.
- the required silicon content comes only from the decomposition reaction of the silicon carbide during material development composite.
- intermetallic compound comprising at least 50% nickel atoms to create around the particles of SiC a two-phase transition zone consisting of a dispersion of free carbon in the matrix.
- the amount of silicon dissolved in the matrix of intermetallic compound depends on the composition of the starting intermetallic compound and the processing temperature, because it corresponds to thermodynamic equilibrium between the matrix and the SiC particles at this temperature.
- the SiC particles used for the preparation composite materials of the invention can be grains with an angular outline obtained by grinding industrially produced silicon carbide blocks and composed of crystals of the alpha hexagonal variety (more precisely a mixture of polytypes derived from this variety), almost monocrystalline wafers alpha-hexagonal or beta-cubic varieties, obtained by crystal growth techniques or whiskers of silicon carbide obtained by processes classics.
- intermetallic compound AlNi containing or not silicon used as the starting material for this elaboration, is also obtained by processes classics such as reactive sintering, "O-spray” foundry, plasma projection. Generally, it is used under the powder form with a particle size of 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- a mixture of powders comprising 20% in particle volume of silicon carbide by grinding mechanical in a carbide ball mortar tungsten.
- the mixture thus obtained is then subjected to densification by hot compression under vacuum of 10Pa, in a cell made up of a matrix cylindrical and two graphite pistons. After application of a pressure of 100 MPa for 2 hours at 1150 ° C, a disc of composite material is obtained with a total porosity of less than 1%.
- the particles silicon carbide can no longer react with the matrix as long as the temperature remains below 1150 ° C, which corresponds to an upper limit of use of the material. So we got, after a transient reaction which allowed the establishment of a strong interfacial bond, matrix / particles, a composite disc, in which the interface has become chemically stable.
- a mixture of the two powders is prepared comprising 30% by volume of SiC particles and are formed at from this mixture a composite disc by hot compression under the same conditions as those of Example 1.
- This material is chemically inert at 1150 ° C.
- Silicon carbide whiskers are beta-cubic variety and their extreme dimension is 0.2 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the whiskers are mixed with the powder of intermetallic compound so as to obtain a fraction volume in whiskers of 15%.
- After mechanical mixing in the presence of a pasty organic binder the cold mixing in the form of a ribbon, then cut a disc in this ribbon and we put it in the cell of graphite compression. We then heat slowly the assembly under primary vacuum until evaporation complete with the organic binder, then bring the mixture to 1150 ° C for 2h, under a pressure of 100MPa.
- a composite disc is thus obtained having a residual porosity less than 1.5% in which the silicon carbide whiskers are preferably aligned parallel to the direction extrusion.
- the second mode of manufacture of the composite materials of the invention in starting from particles of silicon carbide and a AlNi intermetallic compound powder (50 atomic% of Al and 50 atomic% of Ni), having a particle size from 5 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the silicon carbide particles have also an average dimension of 5 to 10 ⁇ m and we prepares from these particles a mixture comprising 15% by volume of particles. After homogenization of the mixture, it is injected into the flame of an arc plasma torch whose power has been set in such a way that the grains of compound intermetallic are melted but not the particles of SiC.
Description
- 2,5% en atomes lorsque le composé AlNi contient 50% en atomes de Ni,
- 7% en atomes lorsque le composé AlNi contient 53% en atomes de Ni,
- 11% en atomes lorsque le composé AlNi contient 56% en atomes de Ni.
- Al = 50% en atomes
- Ni = 50% en atomes.
- Al = 47,7%
- Ni = 47,9%
- Si = 4,4%.
- Al = 40% en atomes
- Ni = 53% en atomes
- Si = 7% en atomes.
- Al = 38,5% en atomes
- Ni = 50,5% en atomes
- Si = 11% en atomes.
- Al = 41% en atomes
- Ni = 50% en atomes
- Si = 9% en atomes.
- Al : 48% en atomes,
- Ni : 48% en atomes,
- Si : 4% en atomes.
- Al : 41% en atomes
- Ni : 50% en atomes
- Si : 9% en atomes.
Claims (11)
- Matériau composite comprenant une matrice constituée principalement d'un composé intermétallique du type AlNi comprenant 43 à 63 % en atomes de nickel et contenant en solution solide de 1,5 à 30 % en atomes de silicium, et un renfort formé de particules de carbure de silicium SiC dispersées dans cette matrice, ledit matériau composite comprenant 10 à 60 % en volume de particules de SiC.
- Matériau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les particules de SiC sont sous la forme de grains, de plaquettes monocristallines et/ou de trichites.
- Matériau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le carbure de silicium est sous une forme cristalline correspondant aux variétés alpha-hexagonales et/ou bêta-cubiques.
- Matériau selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les particules de SiC ont une taille moyenne, selon leur plus grande dimension, de 1 à 100µm.
- Matériau composite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la dimension moyenne des particules de SiC est de 5 à 50µm et en ce que le matériau composite comprend 10 à 30% en volume de particule de SiC.
- Matériau Matériau composite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le composé intermétallique de type AlNi constituant la matrice comprend de 50 à 63% en atomes de nickel et en ce qu'il est majoritairement constitué d'une phase ayant la structure B2.
- Matériau composite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les particules de SiC sont entourées, à l'interface matrice/particules, d'une zone de transition biphasée constituée d'une dispersion de carbone libre dans la matrice.
- Matériau composite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la matrice comprend en outre de 0,5 à 2% en volume d'alumine et/ou de fer.
- Matériau composite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le composé intermétallique de type AlNi contient de 2 à 11% en atomes de silicium.
- Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau composite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'on soumet à une densification à chaud en phase solide un mélange d'une poudre d'un composé intermétallique AlNi et de particules de SiC.
- Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau composite selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à disperser des particules de SiC dans une matrice de AlNi contenant ou non du silicium, à une température telle que la matrice est à l'état liquide et que les particules de SiC restent à l'état solide.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9308557 | 1993-07-12 | ||
FR9308557A FR2707667B1 (fr) | 1993-07-12 | 1993-07-12 | Matériau composite à matrice intermétallique du type AlNi renforcée par des particules de carbure de silicium. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0634497A1 EP0634497A1 (fr) | 1995-01-18 |
EP0634497B1 true EP0634497B1 (fr) | 1999-11-17 |
Family
ID=9449176
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94401585A Expired - Lifetime EP0634497B1 (fr) | 1993-07-12 | 1994-07-08 | Matériau composite à matrice intermétallique du type A1Ni renforcée par des particules de carbure de silicium |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5556486A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0634497B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69421651T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2707667B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104404348B (zh) * | 2014-12-02 | 2016-06-08 | 湖南科技大学 | 一种镍铝基合金及其制备方法 |
CN113755769B (zh) * | 2021-08-13 | 2022-04-08 | 上海交通大学 | 一种高强高韧铝基复合材料及热处理方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6050138A (ja) * | 1983-08-30 | 1985-03-19 | Riken Corp | 硬質粒子分散型耐熱耐摩耗性高力アルミニウム合金部材とその製造方法 |
US4836982A (en) * | 1984-10-19 | 1989-06-06 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Rapid solidification of metal-second phase composites |
US4906531A (en) * | 1986-10-01 | 1990-03-06 | Ryobi Limited | Alloys strengthened by dispersion of particles of a metal and an intermetallic compound and a process for producing such alloys |
-
1993
- 1993-07-12 FR FR9308557A patent/FR2707667B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-07-08 EP EP94401585A patent/EP0634497B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-07-08 DE DE69421651T patent/DE69421651T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-07-12 US US08/273,648 patent/US5556486A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
NISHIYAMA ET AL: "Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Cf/NiAl and SiCw/NiAl Composites", 6TH CONF. PROC. JP-US COMPOSITE MATERIAL 1993, pages 417 - 424 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2707667A1 (fr) | 1995-01-20 |
US5556486A (en) | 1996-09-17 |
EP0634497A1 (fr) | 1995-01-18 |
DE69421651T2 (de) | 2000-06-08 |
FR2707667B1 (fr) | 1995-09-29 |
DE69421651D1 (de) | 1999-12-23 |
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