Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/06—Powder; Flakes; Free-flowing mixtures; Sheets
  • C11D17/065—High-density particulate detergent compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
  • C11D3/0073—Anticorrosion compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/18—Hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C11D3/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen in the ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C11D3/33—Amino carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/34—Organic compounds containing sulfur
  • C11D3/349—Organic compounds containing sulfur additionally containing nitrogen atoms, e.g. nitro, nitroso, amino, imino, nitrilo, nitrile groups containing compounds or their derivatives or thio urea
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
  • C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
  • C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
  • C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
  • C11D3/3942—Inorganic per-compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/24—Hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/32—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C11D7/3245—Aminoacids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/32—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C11D7/3281—Heterocyclic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/34—Organic compounds containing sulfur
  • C11D3/3427—Organic compounds containing sulfur containing thiol, mercapto or sulfide groups, e.g. thioethers or mercaptales
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/34—Organic compounds containing sulfur
  • C11D3/3445—Organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfino groups, e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/34—Organic compounds containing sulfur
  • C11D3/3454—Organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfone groups, e.g. vinyl sulfones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/34—Organic compounds containing sulfur
  • C11D3/3481—Organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfur in a heterocyclic ring, e.g. sultones or sulfolanes

Definitions

• the present invention relates to machine dishwashing detergent compositions exhibiting superior anti silver-tarnishing properties.
• Detergent compositions designed for use in automatic dishwasher machines are well known, and a consistent effort has been made by detergent manufacturers to improve the cleaning and/or rinsing efficiency of said composition on dishes and glassware, as reflected by numerous patent publications.
• the present invention is concerned with silverware washed in automatic dishwashers, and in particular with the silver-tarnishing problem encountered with current detergent compositions for use in said automatic dishwashers, such as "compact" granular products, and being based on oxygen-bleaching species.
• compositions of the present invention can provide excellent anti-silver tarnishing properties, as well as optimal cleaning/rinsing performance on dishes and glassware;
• the present compositions are based on oxygen-bleaching species, and preferably are in a compact form.
• the optimum anti-silver tarnishing as well as cleaning/rinsing performance is achieved through the combined use of paraffin oil and defined nitrogen-containing corrosion inhibitor compounds, as well as preferably the control of oxygen-bleaching power.
• EPA 150 387 discloses chlorine-bleach-based machine dishwashing compositions containing a paraffin oil as suds suppressor; EPA 186 088 discloses machine dishwashing compositions based on carbonates and silicates, containing paraffin oils as dust binders, and water-soluble phosphonates at levels of 0.5 to 3%.
• a machine dishwashing composition comprising
• the oxygen-releasing bleaching agent is incorporated such that the level of available oxygen measured according to the method herein is from 0.3 to 1.7, preferably 0.5 to 1.2
• compositions contain as essential components detergent builder compound, oxygen-releasing bleaching species, the level of available oxygen most preferably being controlled, paraffin oil, and nitrogen-containing corrosion inhibitor compound.
• the first essential component of the machine dishwashing (or rinsing) detergent composition of the present invention is detergent builder compound present at a level of from 1% to 80% by weight, preferably from 10% to 70% by weight, most preferably from 20% to 60% weight of the composition.
• Suitable detergent builder compound is largely or wholly water-soluble, and can, for example, be selected from monomeric polycarboxylates, or their acid forms homo or copolymeric polycarboxylic acids or their salts in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two carboxylic radicals separated from each other by not more that two carbon atoms, carbonates, bicarbonates, borates, phosphates, silicates and mixtures of any of the foregoing.
• Suitable water-soluble monomeric or oligomeric carboxylate builders can be selected from a wide range of compounds but such compounds preferably have a first carboxyl logarithmic acidity/constant (pK1) of less than 9, preferably of between 2 and 8.5, more preferably of between 4 and 7.5.
• pK1 first carboxyl logarithmic acidity/constant
• the logarithmic acidity constant is defined by reference to the equilibrium where A is the fully ionized carboxylate anion of the builder salt.
• acidity constants are defined at 25°C and at zero ionic strength. Literature values are taken where possible (see Stability Constants of Metal-Ion Complexes, Special Publication No. 25, The Chemical Society, London): where doubt arises they are determined by potentiometric titration using a glass electrode.
• the carboxylate or polycarboxylate builder can be momomeric or oligomeric in type although monomeric polycarboxylates are generally preferred for reasons of cost and performance.
• Monomeric and oligomeric builders can be selected from acyclic, alicyclic, heterocyclic and aromatic carboxylates having the general formulae wherein R1 represents H,C1 ⁇ 30 alkyl or alkenyl optionally substituted by hydroxy, carboxy, sulfo or phosphono groups or attached to a polyethylenoxy moiety containing up to 20 ethyleneoxy groups; R2 represents H, C1 ⁇ 4 alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxy alkyl, or alkaryl, sulfo, or phosphono groups; X represents a single bond; O; S; SO; SO2; or NR1; Y represents H; carboxy;hydroxy; carboxymethyloxy; or C1 ⁇ 30 alkyl or alkenyl optionally substituted by hydroxy or carboxy groups; Z represents H; or carboxy; m is an integer from 1 to 10; n is an integer from 3 to 6; p, q are integers from 0 to 6, p + q being from 1
• Suitable carboxylates containing one carboxy group include the water soluble salts of lactic acid, glycolic acid and ether derivatives thereof as disclosed in Belgian Patent Nos. 831,368, 821,369 and 821,370.
• Polycarboxylates containing two carboxy groups include the water-soluble salts of succinic acid, malonic acid, (ethylenedioxy) diacetic acid, maleic acid, diglycolic acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid and fumaric acid, as well as the ether carboxylates described in German Offenlegenschrift 2,446,686, and 2,446,687 and U.S. Patent No. 3,935,257 and the sulfinyl carboxylates described in Belgian Patent No. 840,623.
• Polycarboxylates containing three carboxy groups include, in particular, water-soluble citrates, aconitrates and citraconates as well as succinate derivatives such as the carboxymethyloxysuccinates described in British Patent No. 1,379,241, lactoxysuccinates described in British Patent No. 1,389,732, and aminosuccinates described in Netherlands Application 7205873, and the oxypolycarboxylate materials such as 2-oxa-1,1,3-propane tricarboxylates described in British Patent No. 1,387,447.
• Polycarboxylates containing four carboxy groups include oxydisuccinates disclosed in British Patent No. 1,261,829, 1,1,2,2-ethane tetracarboxylates, 1,1,3,3-propane tetracarboxylates and 1,1,2,3-propane tetracarboxylates.
• Polycarboxylates containing sulfo substituents include the sulfosuccinate derivatives disclosed in British Patent Nos. 1,398,421 and 1,398,422 and in U.S. Patent No. 3,936,448, and the sulfonated pyrolysed citrates described in British Patent No. 1,439,000.
• Alicyclic and heterocyclic polycarboxylates include cyclopentane-cis,cis,cis-tetracarboxylates, cyclopentadienide pentacarboxylates, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran - cis, cis, cis-tetracarboxylates, 2,5-tetrahydrofuran - cis - dicarboxylates, 2,2,5,5-tetrahydrofuran - tetracarboxylates, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexane - hexacarboxylates and carboxymethyl derivatives of polyhydric alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol and xylitol.
• Aromatic polycarboxylates include mellitic acid, pyromellitic acid and the phthalic acid derivatives disclosed in British Patent No. 1,425,343.
• the preferred polycarboxylates are hydroxycarboxylates containing up to three carboxy groups per molecule, more particularly citrates.
• the parent acids of the monomeric or oligomeric polycarboxylate chelating agents or mixtures thereof with their salts e.g. citric acid or citrate/citric acid mixtures are also contemplated as components of builder systems of detergent compositions in accordance with the present invention.
• Suitable water soluble organic salts are the homo- or co-polymeric polycarboxylic acids or their salts in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two carboxyl radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms.
• Polymers of the latter type are disclosed in GB-A-1,596,756.
• Examples of such salts are polyacrylates of MWt 2000-5000 and their copolymers with maleic anhydride, such copolymers having a molecular weight of from 20,000 to 70,000, especially about 40,000. These materials are normally used at levels of from 0.5% to 10% by weight more preferably from 0.75% to 8%, most preferably from 1% to 6% by weight of the composition.
• Water-soluble detergent builders include, but are not limited to, the alkali metal, ammonium and alkanolammonium salts of polyphosphates (exemplified by the tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates, and glassy polymeric meta-phosphates), phytic acid, silicates, carbonates (including bicarbonates and sesquicarbonates), and sulfates.
• Borate builders, as well as builders containing borate-forming materials that can produce borate under detergent storage or wash conditions can also be used but are not preferred at wash conditions less that about 50°C, especially less than about 40°C.
• phosphate builders are the alkali metal tripolyphosphates, sodium, potassium and ammonium pyrophosphate, sodium and potassium and ammonium pyrophosphate, sodium and potassium orthophosphate, sodium polymeta/phosphate in which the degree of polymerization ranges from about 6 to 21, and salts of phytic acid.
• Suitable silicates include the water soluble sodium silicates with an Si02: Na20 ratio of from 1.0 to 2.8, with ratios of from 1.6 to 2.4 being preferred, and 2.0 ratio being most preferred.
• the silicates may be in the form of either the anhydrous salt or a hydrated salt.
• Sodium silicate with an SiO2: Na20 ratio of 2.0 is the most preferred silicate.
• Silicates are preferably present in the machine dishwashing detergent compositions at the invention at a level of from 5% to 50% by weight of the composition, more preferably from 10% to 40% by weight.
• water-soluble detergent builders are essential components of the detergent compositions of the invention the compositions may also include less water soluble builders although preferably their levels of incorporation are minimized.
• less water soluble builders include the crystalline layered silicates and the largely water insoluble sodium aluminosilicates.
• Crystalline layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi x 0 x+1.y H20 wherein M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20. Crystalline layered sodium silicates of this type are disclosed in EP-A-0164514 and methods for their preparation are disclosed in DE-A-3417649 and DE-A-3742043.
• x in the general formula above has a value of 2, 3 or 4 and is preferably 2. More preferably M is sodium and y is 0 and preferred examples of this formula comprise the ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ forms of Na2Si205. These materials are available from Hoechst AG FRG as respectively NaSKS-5, NaSKS-7, NaSKS-11 and NaSKS-6. The most preferred material is ⁇ -Na2Si205, NaSKS-6.
• the crystalline layered sodium silicate material is preferably present in granular detergent compositions as a particulate in intimate admixture with a solid, water-soluble ionisable material.
• the solid, water-soluble ionisable material is selected from organic acids, organic and inorganic acid salts and mixtures thereof. The primary requirement is that the material should contain at least on functional acidic group of which the pKa should be less than 9, providing a capability for at least partial neutralisation of the hydroxyl ions released by the crystalline layered silicate.
• the incorporation in the particulate of other ingredients additional to the crystalline layered silicate and ionisable water soluble compound can be advantageous particularly in the processing of the particulate and also in enhancing the stability of detergent compositions in which the particulates are included.
• certain types of agglomerates may require the addition of one or more binder agents in order to assist in binding the silicate and ionisable water soluble material so as to produce particulates with acceptable physical characteristics.
• the crystalline layered sodium silicate containing particulates can take a variety of physical forms such as extrudates, marumes, agglomerates, flakes or compacted granules.
• a preferred process for preparing compacted granules comprising crystalline layered silicate and a solid, water-soluble ionisable material has been disclosed in the commonly assigned British Application No. 9108639.7 filed on 23 April 1991.
• Suitable aluminosilicate zeolites have the unit cell formula Na z [(AlO2) z (SiO2) y ]. XH2O wherein z and y are at least 6; the molar ratio of z to y is from 1.0 to 0.5 and x is at least 5, preferably from 7.5 to 276, more preferably from 10 to 264.
• the aluminosilicate material are in hydrated form and are preferably crystalline, containing from 10% to 28%, more preferably from 18% to 22% water in bound form.
• the above aluminosilicate ion exchange materials are further characterised by a particle size diameter of from 0.1 to 10 micrometers, preferably from 0.2 to 4 micrometers.
• particle size diameter herein represents the average particle size diameter of a given ion exchange material as determined by conventional analytical techniques such as, for example, microscopic determination utilizing a scanning electron microscope or by means of a laser granulometer.
• the aluminosilicate ion exchange materials are further characterized by their calcium ion exchange capacity, which is at least 200 mg equivalent of CaC03 water hardness/g of aluminosilicate, calculated on an anhydrous basis, and which generally is in the range of from 300 mg eq./g to 352 mg eq./g.
• the aluminosilicate ion exchange materials herein are still further characterised by their calcium ion exchange rate which is at least 130 mg equivalent of CaC03/ litre / minute / (g/litre) [2 grains Ca ++/ gallon/ minute/ gram/ gallon)] of aluminosilicate (anhydrous basis), and which generally lies within the range of from 130 mg equivalent of CaC03/ litre/ minute/ (gram/litre) [2 grains/ gallon/minute/ (gram/ gallon)] to 390 mg equivalent of CaC03/ litre/ minute/ (gram/litre) [4 grains/ gallon/ minute/ (gram/ gallon)], based on calcium ion hardness.
• Optimum aluminosilicates for builder purpose exhibit a calcium ion exchange rate of at least 260 mg equivalent of CaCO3/litre/ minute/ (gram/litre) [4 grains/gallon/minute/ (gram/ gallon)].
• the aluminosilicate ion exchange materials can be naturally occurring materials, but are preferably synthetically derived. A method for producing aluminosilicate ion exchange materials is discussed in US Patent No. 3,985,669. Synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials are available under the designations Zeolite A, Zeolite B, Zeolite P, Zeolite X, Zeolite HS and mixtures thereof. Zeolite A has the formula Na12 [AlO2)12 (SiO2)12]. xH2O wherein x is from 20 to 30, especially 27. Zeolite X has the formula Na86 [(AlO2)86(SiO2)106]. 276 H2O has the formula Na6 [(AlO2)6(SiO2)6] 7.5 H2O).
• the builder component herein may also contain carbonate species, such as alkalimetal carbonates and bicarbonates, preferably at levels inferior to 9%, most preferably inferior to 5%, by weight of the total composition, although higher levels can also be used.
• carbonate species such as alkalimetal carbonates and bicarbonates
• the second essential feature of the invention is oxygen bleaching agent selected from oxygen-releasing agents such as inorganic perhydrate salts, peroxyacid bleach precursors, organic peroxyacids and mixtures thereof.
• the level of available oxygen in the present compositions should preferably be carefully controlled; the level of available oxygen should therefore be in the range 0.3 to 1.7, preferably 0.5 to 1.2 measured according to the method described hereunder.
• the rate of release of available oxygen is also controlled; the rate of release of available oxygen from the compositions herein should be such that, when using the method described hereinafter, the available oxygen is not completely released from the composition until after 3.5 minutes.
• control of available oxygen release rate can be achieved either by selecting appropriate bleaching species which dissolve relatively slowly in water, or by applying certain processing techniques to otherwise fast dissolving species.
• the rate of release can also be measured according to the method now described:
• the level AvO for the sample at each time interval corresponds to the amount of titre according to the following equation AvO level is plotted versus time as follows
• inorganic perhydrate salts include perborate, percarbonate, perphosphate, persulfate and persilicate salts.
• the inorganic perhydrate salts are normally the alkali metal salts.
• the inorganic perhydrate salt may be included as the crystalline solid without additional protection.
• the preferred executions of such granular compositions utilize a coated form of the material which provides better storage stability for the perhydrate salt in the granular product.
• the median particle size of perhydrate salt particles herein should be in the range 400 to 900 microns, preferably 600 to 800 microns.
• Sodium perborate which is the most preferred perhydrate for inclusion in the machine dishwashing detergent compositions in accordance with the invention, can be in the form of the monohydrate of nominal formula NaBO2H2O2 or the tetrahydrate NaBO2H2O2.3H2O.
• the tetrahydrate species is especially preferred because of its slow disolution and therefore a better controlled release of available oxygen.
• Sodium percarbonate which is another preferred perhydrate for inclusion in detergent compositions in accordance with the invention, is an addition compound having a formula corresponding to 2Na2CO3.3H2O2, and is available commercially as a crystalline solid.
• the percarbonate is most preferably incorporated into such compositions in coated form.
• the most preferred coating material comprises mixed salt of an alkali metal sulphate and carbonate. Such coatings together with coating processes have previously been described in GB-1,466,799, granted to Interox on 9th March 1977.
• the weight ratio of the mixed salt coating material to percarbonate lies in the range from 1 : 200 to 1 : 4, more preferably from 1 : 99 to 1 : 9, and most preferably from 1 : 49 to 1 : 19.
• the mixed salt is of sodium sulphate and sodium carbonate which has the general formula Na2SO4.n.Na2CO3 wherein n is form 0.1 to 3, preferably n is from 0.3 to 1.0 and most preferably n is from 0.2 to 0.5.
• Another suitable coating material is sodium silicate of SiO2 : Na2O ratio from 1.6 : 1 to 3.4 : 1, preferably 2.8 : 1, applied as an aqueous solution to give a level of from 2% to 10%, (normally from 3% to 5%) of silicate solids by weight of the percarbonate.
• Magnesium silicate can also be included in the coating.
• Other suitable coating materials include the alkali and alkaline earth metal sulphates and carbonates.
• Potassium peroxymonopersulfate is another inorganic perhydrate salt of particular usefulness in the machine dishwashing detergent compositions.
• the level of inorganic perhydrate salt is typically from 2% to 15%, more preferably from 3.5% to 10% by weight of the total composition.
• Peroxyacid bleach precursors are preferably used in combination with the above perhydrate salts.
• the bleach precursors useful herein contain one or more N- or O- acyl groups, which precursors can be selected from a wide range of classes. Suitable classes include anhydrides, esters, imides and acylated derivatives of imidazoles and oximes, and examples of useful materials within these classes are disclosed in GB-A-1586789.
• the most preferred classes are esters such as are disclosed in GB-A-836988, 864798, 1147871 and 2143231 and imides such as are disclosed in GB-A-855735 & 1246338.
• Particularly preferred precursor compounds are the N,N,N1,N1 tetra acetylated compounds of formula wherein x can be O or an integer between 1 & 6.
• TAMD tetra acetyl methylene diamine
• TAED tetra acetyl ethylene diamine
• TAHD tetraacetyl hexylene diamine
• R1 is an aryl or alkaryl group with from about 1 to about 14 carbon atoms
• R2 is an alkylene, arylene, and alkarylene group containing from about 1 to 14 carbon atoms
• R5 is H or an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and L can be essentially any leaving group.
• R1 preferably contains from about 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
• R2 preferably contains from about 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
• R1 may be straight chain or branched alkyl, substituted aryl or alkylaryl containing branching, substitution, or both and may be sourced from either synthetic sources or natural sources including for example, tallow fat. Analogous structural variations are permissible for R2. The substitution can include alkyl, aryl, halogen, nitrogen, sulphur and other typical substituent groups or organic compounds.
• R5 is preferably H or methyl. R1 and R5 should not contain more than 18 carbon atoms total. Amide substituted bleach activator compounds of this type are described in EP-A-0170386.
• peroxyacid bleach precursor compounds include sodium nonanoyloxy benzene sulfonate, sodium trimethyl hexanoyloxy benzene sulfonate, sodium acetoxy benzene sulfonate and sodium benzoyloxy benzene sulfonate as disclosed in, for example, EP-A-0341947.
• the peroxyacid bleach precursors are normally incorporated at levels up to 7% by weight of active material, more preferably from 1% to 5% by weight of active material, of the total composition.
• the bleaching species herein may also contain organic peroxyacids of which a particularly preferred class are the amide substituted peroxyacids of general formula : where R1, R2 and R5 are as defined previously for the corresponding amide substituted peroxyacid bleach activator compounds.
• organic peroxyacids include diperoxy dodecanedioic acid, diperoxy tetra decanedioic acid, diperoxyhexadecanedioic acid, mono- and diperazelaic acid, mono- and diperbrassylic acid, monoperoxy phtalic acid, perbenzoic acid, and their salts as disclosed in, for example, EP-A-0341947.
• the peroxyacids can be used at levels up to 7% by weight, more preferably from 1% to 5% by weight of the composition.
• Chlorine bleaches include the alkali metal hypochlorites and chlorinated cyanuric acid salts.
• the use of chlorine bleaches in the composition of the invention is preferably minimized, and more preferably the present compositions contain no chlorine bleach.
• the paraffin oil is the paraffin oil
• the present compositions must contain from 0.05% to 2.5%, preferably from 0.1% to 1% by weight of the total composition of a paraffin oil typcially a predominantly branched aliphatic hydrocarbon having a number of carbon atoms in the range of from 20 to 50; preferred paraffin oil selected from predominantly branched C25 ⁇ 45 species with a ratio of cyclic to noncyclic hydrocarbons of about 32:68; a paraffin oil meeting these characteristics is sold by Wintershall, Salzbergen, Germany, under the trade name WINOG 70.
• a paraffin oil typcially a predominantly branched aliphatic hydrocarbon having a number of carbon atoms in the range of from 20 to 50
• preferred paraffin oil selected from predominantly branched C25 ⁇ 45 species with a ratio of cyclic to noncyclic hydrocarbons of about 32:68
• a paraffin oil meeting these characteristics is sold by Wintershall, Salzbergen, Germany, under the trade name WINOG 70.
• Nitrogen-containing corrosion inhibitor compound
• the detergent compositions of the invention contain as an essential component nitrogen-containing corrosion inhibitor compound.
• nitrogen-containing corrosion inhibitor compound it is meant a compound which contains at least one nitrogen atom, and which compound acts such as to prevent the corrosion of metal, particularly silver when incoporated in detergent composition in combination with paraffin oil at the levels as defined herein, and any mixture of such compounds, wherein said nitrogen-containing corrosion inhibitor compound is not benzotriazole compound, as defined herein, and is not a heavy metal ion sequestant, as defined herein.
• the nitrogen-containing corrosion inhibitor compound may be such that the nitrogen is trivalent, and hence has an available lone pair of electrons, hereinafter such compounds are referred to as nitrogen base corrosion inhibitor compound.
• the nitrogen may be tetravalent as in an ammonium corrosion inhibitor compound, as hereinafter defined.
• Suitable nitrogen base corrosion inhibitor compounds include imidazole and derivatives thereof such as benzimidazole, 2-heptadecyl imidazole and those imidazole derivatives described in Czech Patent No. 139, 279 and British Patent GB-A-1,137,741, which also discloses a method for making imidazole compounds.
• nitrogen base corrosion inhibitor compounds are pyrazole compounds and their derivatives, particularly those where the pyrazole is substituted in any of the 1, 3, 4 or 5 positions by substituents R1, R3, R4 and R5 where R1 is any of H, CH2OH, CONH3, or COCH3, R3 and R5 are any of C1-C20 alkyl or hydroxyl, and R4 is any of H, NH2 or NO2.
• nitrogen base corrosion inhibitor compounds include 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, thionalide, morpholine, melamine, distearylamine, stearoyl stearamide, cyanuric acid, aminotriazole, aminotetrazole and indazole.
• Ammonium corrosion inhibitor compound is defined herein to mean the ammonium halides, and derivatives thereof, wherein said derivatives are obtained by substitution of one or more of the H atoms of the ammonium moiety by an alkyl group, particularly C1-C20 alkyl.
• a particularly preferred derivative is ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride.
• Nitrogen-base corrosion inhibitor compound may be incorporated in the compositions of the invention at a level of from 0.005% to 3%, preferably from 0.02% to 1%, most preferably from 0.05% to 0.5% by weight of the composition.
• Ammonium corrosion inhibitor compound may be incorporated in the compositions of the invention at a level of from 0.1% to 15%, preferably 1% to 10%, most preferably from 2% to 8% by weight of the composition.
• compositions of the invention may also contain optional corrosion inhibitor compounds at a level typically of from 0.01% to 3% by weight of the composition.
• Suitable compounds include mercaptans and diols, especially mercaptans with 4 to 20 carbon atoms including lauryl mercaptan, thiophenol, thionapthol, thionalide and thioanthranol.
• C12-C20 fatty acids or their salts, especially aluminium tristearate.
• the C12-C20 hydroxy fatty acids, or their salts, are also suitable.
• Phosphonated octa-decane and other anti-oxidants such as betahydroxytoluene (BHT) are also suitable.
• the detergent compositions of the invention may be formulated to contain as a non-essential component benzotriazole compound at a level of from 0.005% to 2%, preferably from 0.02% to 1% and most preferably from 0.05% to 0.5% of benzotriazole compound.
• benzotriazole compound it is meant a compound of formula ,which is benzotriazole, and any derivatives thereof.
• Derivatives of benzotriazole include those where the available substitution sites of the aromatic ring are wholly or partially substituted.
• Substituents can include, for example, straight or branched chain alkyl groups containing, for example, from one to twenty carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
• Other substituents can include -OH, -SH, phenyl or halogen groups.
• Other derivatives include bis-benzotriazoles.
• British Patent, GB-A-1,065,995 describes suitable substituted benzotriazoles of formula where R is a straight or branched chain alkyl group containing from two to twenty atoms, and a process for making such compounds.
• British Patent, GB-A-1,226,100 describes compositions containing 4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydrobenzotriazole compounds, which are also suitable for inclusion in the compositions of the invention.
• British Patent GB-A-1, 180, 437 describes suitable bis-benzotriazoles having the formula wherein X represents a straight-chain alkylene group containing from one to six carbon atoms in the chain, being substituted with one or two alkyl groups containing from one to four carbon atoms where the alkylene group contains only one carbon atom, or being substituted with one or more alkyl groups containing from one to four carbon atoms where the alkylene group contains two or more carbon atoms, or being unsubstituted where the alkylene group contains two or more carbon atoms; a 1:1-cycloalkyl residue containing at least five carbon atoms; a carbonyl group; a sulphurlyl group, an oxygen atom; or a sulphur atom.
• the detergent compositions of the invention may be formulated to contain as a non-essential component heavy metal ion sequestrant, incorporated at a level of from 0.005% to 3%, preferably 0.05 to 1%, most preferably 0.07% to 0.4%, by weight of the total composition.
• Suitable heavy metal ion sequestrant for use herein include organic phosphonates, such as amino alkylene poly (alkylene phosphonate), alkali metal ethane 1-hydroxy disphosphonates, nitrilo trimethylene phosphonates.
• Preferred among above species are diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonate), hexamethylene diamine tetra (methylene phosphonate) and hydroxy-ethylene 1,1 diphosphonate.
• the phosphonate compounds may be present either in their acid form or as a complex of either an alkali or alkaline metal ion, the molar ratio of said metal ion to said phosphonate compound being at least 1:1.
• Such complexes are described in US-A-4,259,200.
• the organic phosphonate compounds are in the form of their magnesium salt.
• Suitable heavy metal ion sequestrant for use herein include nitrilotriacetic acid and polyaminocarboxylic acids such as ethylenediaminotetracetic acid, ethylenetriamine pentacetic acid, ethylenediamine disuccinic acid or the water soluble alkali metal salts thereof.
• Preferred EDDS compounds are the free acid form and the sodium or magnesium salt or complex thereof. Examples of such preferred sodium salts of EDDS include Na2EDDS and Na3EDDS. Examples of such preferred magnesium complexes of EDDS include MgEDDS and Mg2EDDS. The magnesium complexes are the most preferred for inclusion in compositions in accordance with the invention.
• heavy metal ion sequestrants for use herein are iminodiacetic acid derivatives such as 2-hydroxyethyl diacetic acid or glyceryl imino diacetic acid, described in EPA 317 542 and EPA 399 133.
• the heavy metal ion sequestrant herein can consist of a mixture of the above described species.
• compositions of the invention may comprise additional ingredients, which are often quite desirable ones.
• a highly preferred component of the machine dishwashing compositions of the invention is a surfactant system comprising surfactant selected from anionic, cationic, nonionic ampholytic and zwitterionic surfactants and mixtures thereof.
• the surfactant system is present at a level of from 0.5% to 30% by weight, more preferably 1% to 25% by weight, most preferably from 2% to 20% by weight of the compositions.
• Sulphonate and sulphate surfactants are useful herein.
• Sulphonates include alkyl benzene sulphonates having from 5 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, and alpha-sulphonated methyl fatty acid testers in which the fatty acid is derived from a C6-C18 fatty source.
• Preferred sulphate surfactants are alkyl sulphates having from 6 to 16, preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical.
• Useful surfactant system comprises a mixture of two alkyl sulphate materials whose respective mean chain lengths differ from each other.
• the cation in each instance is again an alkali metal, preferably sodium.
• the alkyl sulfate salts may be derived from natural or synthetic hydrocarbon sources.
• the C6-C16 alkyl ethoxysulfate salt comprises a primary alkyl ethoxysulfate which is derived from the condensation product of a C6-C16 alcohol condensed with an average of from one to seven ethylene oxide groups, per mole.
• C6-C10 alkyl ethoxysulfate salts with an average of from one to five ethoxy groups per mole.
• Other anionic surfactants suitable for the purposes of the invention are the alkali metal sarcosinates of formula R-CON (R1) CH2 COOM wherein R is a C5-C17 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group, R1 is a C1-C4 alkyl group and M is an alkali metal ion.
• R is a C5-C17 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group
• R1 is a C1-C4 alkyl group
• M is an alkali metal ion.
• Preferred examples are the lauroyl, Cocoyl (C12-C14), myristyl and oleyl methyl sarcosinates in the form of their sodium salts.
• alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants which include linear esters of C8-C20 carboxylic acids (i.e., fatty acids) which are sulfonated with gaseous SO3 according to "The Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society," 52 (1975), pp. 323-329.
• Suitable starting materials would include natural fatty substances as derived from tallow, palm oil, etc.
• the preferred alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants have the structural formula: wherein R3 is a C8-C20 hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl, or combination thereof, R4 is a C1-C6 hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl, or combination thereof, and M is a cation which forms a water soluble salt with the alkyl ester sulfonate.
• Suitable salt-forming cations include metals such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, and substituted or unsubstituted ammonium cations, such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine.
• R3 is C10-C16 alkyl
• R4 is methyl, ethyl or isopropyl.
• the methyl ester sulfonates wherein R3 is C10-C16 alkyl.
• One class of nonionic surfactants useful in the present invention comprises the water soluble ethoxylated C6-C16 fatty alcohols and C6-C16 mixed ethoxylated/propoxylated fatty alcohols and mixtures thereof.
• the ethoxylated fatty alcohols are the C10-C16 ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a degree of ethoxylation of from 3 to 50, most preferably these are the C12-C16 ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a degree of ethoxylation from 3 to 40.
• the mixed ethoxylated/propoxylated fatty alcohols have an alkyl chain length of from 10 to 16 carbon atoms, a degree of ethoxylation of from 3 to 30 and a degree of propoxylation of from 1 to 10.
• C6-C16 alcohol itself can be obtained from natural or synthetic sources.
• C6-C16 alcohols derived from natural fats, or Ziegler olefin build-up, or OXO synthesis can form suitable sources for the alkyl group.
• Examples of synthetically derived materials include Dobanol 25 (RTM) sold by Shell Chemicals (UK) Ltd which is a blend of C12-C15 alcohols, Ethyl 24 sold by the Ethyl Corporation, a blend of C12-C15 alcohols, Ethyl 24 sold by the Ethyl Corporation, a blend of C13-C15 alcoholss in the ratio 67% C13,33% C15 sold under the trade name Lutensol by BASF GmbH and Synperonic (RTM) by ICI Ltd., and Lial 125 sold by Liquichimica Italiana.
• Examples of naturally occuring materials from which the alcohols can be derived are coconut oil and palm kernel oil and the corresponding fatty acids.
• Nonionic surfactants comprises alkyl polyglucoside compounds of general formula RO (C n H 2n O) t Z x wherein Z is a moiety derived from glucose; R is a saturated hydrophobic alkyl group that contains from 6 to 16 carbon atoms preferably from 6 to 14 carbon atoms; t is from 0 to 10 and n is 2 or 3; x is from 1.1 to 4, the compounds including less than 10% unreacted fatty alcohol and less than 50% short chain alkyl polyglucosides.
• RO C n H 2n O
• t Z x alkyl polyglucoside compounds of general formula RO (C n H 2n O) t Z x wherein Z is a moiety derived from glucose; R is a saturated hydrophobic alkyl group that contains from 6 to 16 carbon atoms preferably from 6 to 14 carbon atoms; t is from 0 to 10 and n is 2 or 3; x is from 1.1 to 4, the compounds including less than 10% unreacted fatty
• Another preferred nonionic surfactant is a polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactant compound having the structural formula: wherein R1 is H, C1-C4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl, or a mixture thereof, preferably C1-C4 alkyl, more preferably C1 or C2 alkyl, most preferably C1 alkyl (ie., methyl); and R2 is a C5-C15 hydrocarbyl, preferably straight chain C5-C13 alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably straight chain C5-C11 alkyl or alkenyl, most preferably straight chain C5-C9 alkyl or alkenyl, or mixture thereof: and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxlylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof.
• Z preferably will be derived from a reducing sugar in a reductive amination reaction; more preferably Z is a glycityl.
• Suitable reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, and xylose.
• high dextrose corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup, and high maltose corn syrup can be utilized as well as the individual sugars listed above. These corn syrups may yield a mix of sugar components for Z. It should be understood that it is by no means intended to exclude other suitable raw materials.
• Z preferably will be selected from the group consisting of -CH2-(CHOH) n -CH2OH, -CH(CH2OH)-(CHOH) n-1 -CH2OH, -CH2-(CHOH)2(CHOR')(CHOH)-CH2OH, where n is an integer from 3 to 5, inclusive, and R' is H or a cyclic or aliphatic monosaccharide, and alkoxylated derivatives thereof. Most preferred are glycityls wherein n is 4, particularly - CH2-(CHOH)4-CH2OH.
• R1 can be, for example, N-methyl, N-ethyl, N-propyl, N-isopropyl, N-butyl, N-2-hydroxy ethyl, or N-2-hydroxy propyl.
• R2-CO-N ⁇ can be, for example, cocamide, stearamide, oleamide, lauramide, myristamide, capricamide, palmitamide, or tallowamide.
• Z can be 1-deoxyglucityl, 2-deoxyfrucittyl, 1-deoxymaltityl, 1-deoxylactityl, 1-deoxygalactityl or 1-deoxymannityl, or 1-deoxymalto-triotityl.
• Preferred compounds are N-methyl N-1deoxyglucityl C14-C18 fatty acid amides.
• a further class of surfactants are the semi-polar surfactants such as amine oxides. Suitable amine oxides are selected from mono C6-C20, preferably C6-C10 N-alkyl or alkenyl amine oxides and propylene-1,3-diamine dioxides wherein the remaining N positions are substituted by methyl, hydroxyethyl or hydroxpropyl groups.
• Cationic surfactants can also be used in the detergent compositions herein and suitable quaternary ammonium surfactants are selected from mono C6-C16, preferably C6-C10 N-alkyl or alkenyl ammonium surfactants wherein remaining N positions are substituted by methyl, hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl groups.
• Another optional ingredient useful in detergent compositions is one or more enzymes.
• Preferred enzymatic materials include amylases, neutral and alkaline proteases, lipases, and esterases conventionally incorporated into detergent compositions. Suitable enzymes are discussed in US Patents 3,519,570 and 3,533,139.
• protease enzymes include those sold under the tradenames Alcalase and Savinase by Novo Industries A/S (Denmark) and Maxatase by International Bio-Synthetics, Inc. (The Netherlands).
• Protease enzyme may be incorporated into the compositions in accordance with the invention at a level of from 0.005% to 2% active enzyme by weight of the composition.
• Preferred amylases include, for example, -amylases obtained from a special strain of B licheniforms, described in more detail in GB 1,269,839 (Novo).
• Preferred commercially available amylases include for example, Rapidase, sold by International Bio-Synthetics Inc, and Termamyl, sold by Novo Industries A/S.
• the invention at a level of from 0.001% to 2% active enzyme by weight of the composition.
• a preferred lipase is derived from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes , which is described in Granted European Patent, EP-B-0218272.
• Another optional component of the machine dishwashing or rinsing detergent compositions of the invention is a silicone suds controlling agent present at levels of from 0.01% to 5% by weight, more preferably from 0.05% to 3% by weight, most preferably from 0.05% to 1% by weight of the composition.
• Another preferred lipase herein is obtained by cloning the gene from Humicola lanuginosa and expressing the gene is Aspergillus oryza , as host, as described in European Patent Application, EP-A-0258068, which is commercially available from Novo Industri A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark, under the trade name Lipolase.
• This lipase is also described in U.S. Patent 4,810,414, Huge-Jensen et al, issued March 7, 1989.
• Another optional ingredient is a lime soap dispersant compound, present at a level of from 0.05% to 40% by weight, more preferably 0.1% to 20% by weight, most preferably from 0.25% to 10% by weight of the compositions.
• a lime soap dispersant is a material that prevents the precipitation of alkali metal, ammonium or amine salts of fatty acids by calcium or magnesium ions.
• Preferred lime soap dispersants include C13-15 ethoxylated alcohol sulphates with an average degree of ethoxylation of 3.
• silicone suds controlling agent any suds controlling agent which comprises a silicone antifoam compound.
• silicone suds controlling agents include agents containing silicone-silica mixtures and particulates in which the silicone, or silicone-silica mixture, is incorporated in a water-soluble or water-dispersible carrier material.
• the silicone suds controlling agents may comprise silicone, or silicone-silica mixutes dissolved or dispersed in a liquid carrier and applied by spraying on to one or more of the other components of the detergent composition.
• silicone silicone has become a generic term which encompasses a variety of relatively high molecular weight polymers containing siloxane units and hydrocarbyl group of various types.
• the silicone antifoam compounds can be described as siloxanes having the general structure : where each R independently can be an alkyl or an aryl radical. Examples of such substituents are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isobutyl, and phenyl.
• Preferred polydiorganosiloxanes are polydimethylsiloxanes having trimethylsilyl endblocking units and having a viscosity at 25°C of from 5 x 10 ⁇ 5 m2/s to 0.1m2/s i.e. a value of n in the range 40 to 1500. These are preferred because of their ready availability and their relatively low cost.
• a preferred type of silicone suds controlling agent useful in the compositions herein comprises a mixture of an alkylated siloxane of the type hereinabove disclosed and solid silica.
• the solid silica can be a fumed silica, a precipitated silica or a silica made by the gelformation technique.
• the silica particles suitable have an average particle size of from 0.1 to 50 micrometers, preferably from 1 to 20 micrometers and a surface area of at least 50m2/g. These silica particles can be rendered hydrophobic by treating them with dialkylsilyl groups and/or trialkylsilyl groups either bonded directly onto the silica or by means of a silicone resin. It is preferred to employ a silica the particles of which have been rendered hydrophobic with dimethyl and/or trimethyl silyl groups.
• the suds controlling agents for inclusion in the detergent compositions in accordance with the invention suitably contain an amount of silica such that the weight ratio of silica to silicone lies in the range from 1:100 to 3:10, preferably from 1:50 to 1:7.
• a preferred silicone suds controlling agent is represented by a hydrophobic silanated (most preferably trimethylsilanated)silica having a particle size in the range from 10 nanometers to 20 nanometers and a specific surface area above 50 m2/g, intimately admixed with dimethyl silicone fluid having a molecular weight in the range from about 500 to about 200,000 at a weight ratio of silicone to silanated silica of from about 1:1 to about 1:2.
• Another preferred silicone suds controlling agent is disclosed in Bartollota et Al. US Patent 3,933,672.
• Other particularly useful suds suppressors are the self-emulsifying silicone suds suppressors, described in German Patent Application DTOS 2,646,126 published April 28, 1977.
• An example of such a compound is DC0544, commercially available from Dow Corning, which is a siloxane/glycol copolymer.
• a highly preferred silicone suds controlling agent is a particulate of the type disclosed in EP-A-0210731 comprising a silicone antifoam and an organic material having a melting point in the range 50° to 85°C, wherein the organic material comprises a monoester of glycerol and a fatty acid having a carbon chain containing from 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
• EP-A-0210721 discloses similar particulate suds controlling agents wherein the organic material however, is a fatty acid or alcohol having a carbon chain containing from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, or a mixture thereof, with a melting point of from 45°C to 80°C.
• silicone suds controlling agents are described in copending European Application 91870007.1 in the name of the Procter and Gamble Company which discloses granular suds controlling agents comprising a silicone antifoam compound, a carrier material an organic coating material and glycerol at a weight ratio of glycerol: silicone antifoam compound of 1:2 to 3:1.
• Copending European Application 91201342.0 also discloses highly preferred granular suds controlling agents comprising a silicone antifoam compound, a carrier material, an organic coating material and crystalline or amorphous aluminosilicate at a weight ratio of aluminosilicate: silicone antifoam compound of 1:3 to 3:1.
• Ther preferred carrier material in both of the above described highly preferred granular suds controlling agents is starch.
• the preferred methods of incorporation of the silicone suds controlling agents comprise either application of the silicone suds controlling agent in liquid form by spray-on to one or more of the major components of the composition or alternatively the formation of the silicone suds controlling agents into separate particulates that can then be mixed with the other solid components of the composition.
• the incorporation of the suds controlling agents as separate particulates also permits the inclusion therein of other suds controlling materials such as C20-C24 fatty acids, microcrystalline waxes and high MWt copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide which would otherwise adversely affect the dispersibility of the matrix. Techniques for forming such suds controlling particulates are disclosed in the previously mentioned Bartolotta et al US Patent No. 3,933,672.
• compositions of the invention include antiredeposition, and soil-suspension agents, perfumes, colours and filler salts, with sodium sulfate being a preferred filler salt.
• the machine dishwashing compositions of the invention can be formulated in any desirable form such as powders, granulates, pastes, liquids, gels and tablets, granular forms being preferred.
• the bulk density of the granular detergent compositions in accordance with the present invention is typically of at least 650 g/litre, more usually at least 700 g/litre and more preferably from 800 g/litre to 1200 g/litre.
• Bulk density is measured by means of a simple funnel and cup device consisting of a conical funnel moulded rigidly on a base and provided with a flap valve at its lower extremity to allow the contents of the funnel to be emptied into an axially aligned cylindrial cup disposed below the funnel.
• the funnel is 130 mm and 40 mm at its respective upper and lower extremities. It is mounted so that the lower extremity is 140 mm above the upper surface of the base.
• the cup has an overall height of 90 mm, an internal height of 87 mm and an internal diameter of 84 mm. Its nominal volume is 500 ml.
• the funnel is filled with powder by hand pouring, the flap valve is opened and powder allowed to overfill the cup.
• the filled cup is removed from the frame and excess powder removed from the cup by passing a straight edged implement e.g. a knife, across its upper edge.
• the filled cup is then weighed and the value obtained for the weight of powder doubled to provide the bulk density in g/litre. Replicate measurements are made as required.
• the particle size of the components of granular compositions in accordance with the invention should preferably be such that no more that 5% of particles are greater than 1.4mm in diameter and not more than 5% of particles are less than 0.15mm in diameter.
• the liquid should be thixotropic (ie; exhibit high viscosity when subjected to low stress and lower viscosity when subjected to high stress), or at least have very high viscosity, for example, of from 1,000 to 10,000,000 centipoise.
• a viscosity control agent or a thixotropic agent to provide a suitable liquid product form.
• Suitable thixotropic or viscosity control agents include methyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, starch, polyvinyl, pyrrolidone, gelatin, colloidal silica, and natural or synthetic clay minerals.
• Pasty compositions in accordance with the invention generally have viscosities of about 5,000 centipoise and up to several hundred million centipoise.
• a small amount of a solvent or solubilizing agent or of a gel-forming agent can be included. Most commonly, water is used in this context and forms the continuous phase of a concentrated dispersion. Certain nonionic surfactants at high levels form a gel in the presence of small amount of water and other solvents. Such gelled compositions also envisaged in the present invention.
• the pH of a 1% solution of the present compositions is preferably from 7.5 to 12, more preferably from 9 to 11.5, most preferably from 10 to 11.
• a preferred making process for the compositions herein comprises pre-mixing of the paraffin oil and/or the benzotriazole compound with a dispersing agent and the resultive intimate pre-mix being sprayed onto the remainder of the composition.
• the dispersing agent can advantageously consist of a nonionic surfactant such as described hereinabove, which therefore serves two functions in the present composition.
• a preferred dispersing agent is Plurafac LF404 sold by BASF.
• An alternate route consists in spraying the intimate mixture of paraffin oil and/or the benzotriazole compound and dispersing agent onto the particles of bleaching agent, resulting in a reduction in the rate of dissolution in water of said bleaching agent and therefore providing a control over the rate of release of available oxygen.
• the coated particles of bleaching agent are then dry-mixed with the remainder of the composition.
• the particles of bleaching agents are compacted before being dry-mixed with the remainder of the composition .
• This technique slows down the dissolution rate in water, and is therefore advantageously applied to otherwise fast dissolving species like perborate monohydrate.
• the paraffinic oil and/or the benzotriazole compound is typically compacted along with the bleaching species, and optionally other ingredients like sodium sulphate and/or binders.
• the resulting particles are then dry-mixed with the remainder of the ingredients.

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• 1993
  • 1993-07-16 EP EP93202095A patent/EP0634478B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
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• 1994
  • 1994-06-17 AU AU72473/94A patent/AU7247394A/en not_active Abandoned
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