Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H4/00—Swimming or splash baths or pools
  • E04H4/0075—Swimming or splash baths or pools made of concrete
  • E04H4/0081—Swimming or splash baths or pools made of concrete with walls and floor cast in situ

Definitions

• the invention relates to improvements in the construction of water retention basins such as in particular swimming pools.
• the watertightness of the basin can be achieved either by rendering the internal walls of the structure watertight, for example by laying a plaster and a tiling, or by laying a "liner" constituted by a sort of big flexible pocket of plastic film suitable stretched in place and generally retained on the upper edge of the vertical wall of the structure.
• the object of the invention is more precisely to make available to building owners an improved composite sheet which facilitates the production of the vertical wall of the swimming pool and which generally adapts to any construction process which can be implemented by the client, the invention adapting as well to a construction with or without "liner".
• the composite sheet according to the invention for the production of swimming pools and more particularly of their vertical wall, is characterized in that this sheet comprises at least two layers and preferably three continuous superposed layers, namely
• the first layer is made of plastic material having a thickness of a few millimeters, for example from 4 to 6 mm in polypropylene
• the third layer is also made of plastic material having a thickness of 1 to a few tenths of a millimeter.
• this third layer for example also made of polypropylene, has a structure of the “corrugated cardboard” type giving it the best properties of lightness, resistance and flexibility.
• the composite sheet is unrolled on the site, making it follow the curvature of the vertical wall of the basin, said first layer being directed towards the body of water to be created,
• the sheet is kept in place by means of laying elements introduced from place to place in the volumes formed between the raised half-waves of the second layer and said first layer, - the volumes formed between the half-waves are released in relief of the third layer and said second layer,
• the composite sheet that is unrolled in place is relatively easy to handle because it is relatively light and its flexibility allows it to adapt to all the shapes that one wants to give to the basin.
• the composite sheet can have a weight of the order of 12 kg per meter for a wall height of 1.20 m.
• the swimming pool thus produced is very safe and its mechanical solidity and rigidity are ensured by the vertical columns of reinforced concrete, molded in the volumes comprised under the raised half-waves of the third layer and which are sealed at one end on the raft and at the other end on the upper chaining of the pelvis.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the development on site of a composite sheet for the production of a swimming pool according to the invention
• Figure 2 shows on a larger scale in cross section the constitution of the sheet; this view also illustrates the use of the sheet for the implementation of the method of constructing the wall of a basin
• FIG. 3 shows in plan view a conventional contour of a swimming pool
• FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a method of possible implementation of the composite sheet
• FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the possible use with the composite sheet of the invention of a laying and reinforcing profile covering the sheet at its upper part
• FIG. 6 schematically shows in section a means of achieving the junction of the two end edges of the sheet coming opposite after unwinding and positioning of the sheet on the site of the basin
• FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view illustrating the development on site of a composite sheet for the production of a swimming pool according to the invention
• Figure 2 shows on a larger scale in cross section the constitution of the sheet; this view also illustrates the use of
• FIG. 7 schematically shows in section one way of achieving the sealing junction of the two ends of the sheet placed as illustrated in FIG. 6,
• FIG. 8 schematically shows in section a possible method of assembling the composite sheet for its locking at the base on the raft and for 1 • sealing of the junction with the bottom of the basin
• FIG. 9 shows in section, like the figure 8, another way of making the junction with the vertical wall and the bottom of the basin
• FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the detail surrounded by X in FIG. 9
• FIG. 11 schematically shows in section vertical a way of making the sealing junction between a liner placed on the bottom of the structure and the side wall of this structure
• FIG. 12 shows on a larger scale the detail surrounded XII of FIG.
• FIG. 13 shows in cross section a composite sheet according to the invention and produced according to a variant
• FIG. 14 shows on a larger scale the detail surrounded XIV of the figure 13.
• a composite sheet conforming to The invention referenced as a whole 4 essentially comprises three continuous superposed layers, namely:
• a third inner layer that is to say on the retained side of the grounds, applied behind the second layer 2.
• the three layers are joined together, at least in points, layers 1 and 2 for example at the points shown schematically in 5 and layers 2 and 3 for example at the points shown schematically in 6.
• the second layer 2 form of waves which, in the normal position for laying the sheet, as illustrated in FIG. 1, are directed substantially vertically.
• the layers 1 and 2 are somewhat in the form of a surface sheet and the reinforcing sheet of a corrugated cardboard, respectively, the second outer sheet of which is missing.
• the layer 3 forms, when it is deployed, developed towards the outside, raised half-waves such as 7, 7 ′ which cover a wave and a half, such as half-waves 8, 9, 10; 8 ', 9', 10 'of layer 2 developed over layer 1.
• each half-wave 7, 7 ′ in relief comes to cover two half-waves in relief 8,
• the layer 3 can be sort of folded back against the layer 2, the ripple of which it substantially matches, as shown in solid line in 7 "in contact with the half-waves 8 ', 9' , 10 '.
• the layers 1 and 2 may be plastic layers of suitable quality ensuring sealing and good resistance to external agents, the thickness of these layers may for example advantageously be of the order of 4 to 6 mm.
• Layer 3 which may be made of the same material, will be a much thinner and flexible layer, for example having a thickness of the order of 1 to 3 tenths of a millimeter.
• junctions of the three layers together at the points or lines shown diagrammatically 5, 6 can be made by any means such as heat sealing or bonding for example.
• the manufacture of the three-layer complex can be carried out continuously by any suitable means, for example by continuously feeding and bonding or welding the three layers on a shaping drum, the operation can be done by thermoforming, vacuum suction or any other means conventional in the art.
• the sheets can be previously manufactured and unwound from supply rolls or, on the contrary, co-extruded in the same plastic material or in different but compatible plastic materials.
• the shape of the basin can be a conventional form, for example such as that illustrated in FIG. 3 in which there is a basin 12 of generally rectangular shape with at one end a staircase 13 of rounded shape.
• construction can be carried out by first excavating the land 14 all around the chosen site, then forming the slab 15 (see Figure 4) usually in reinforced concrete at the bottom of the basin, then by positioning the composite sheet 4 so that it marries the perimeter 25 of the pelvis.
• a provisional fixing, in position of the sheet 4, can be obtained for example by means of laying elements, such as tubes or piles 16 ( Figures 1 and 2) which can be introduced from place to place between the sheets 1 and 2 under a raised half wave such as 8 or 10 of sheet 2.
• the lower edge 17 of the composite sheet 4 is suitably positioned in elements 18, for example in concrete which are advantageously sealed in the strike off 15 and which include a rabbet 19 making it possible to receive the edge 17 of the sheet 4.
• the lower edge of the sheet 4 is positioned in an angle 20 fixed to the slab 15, along the periphery 25 that the pool draws.
• the sheet 4 When the sheet 4 is in place, properly maintained on its laying elements 16, it flows into the volumes 21 formed between the raised half-waves 7, 7 'of the layer 3 and the underlying half-waves of the layer 2, the concrete that will form the vertical resistance structure of the structure.
• metal reinforcements are also placed as shown diagrammatically at 22, 23.
• the opening before pouring the concrete, the opening will be closed, formed under the half-waves 8, 10 so as to avoid pouring concrete without profit between the layers 1 and 2 of the sheet 4; these openings will moreover preferably be closed from the outset during the manufacture of the composite sheet.
• the raised half-waves such as 8, 9, 10 of the layer 2 of the sheet 4 are crossed from place to place by concrete irons 24 which reinforce the structure.
• the concrete of the columns 21 and that of the slab 15 can be poured in a single operation.
• the construction is completed by a horizontal chain which will follow the entire upper perimeter of the structure and which can be joined to the classic pool rim or the beach that surrounds it.
• the upper rim 26 of the layer 4 is taken in a reinforcing installation profile such as a metal angle which covers this rim.
• a reinforcing installation profile such as a metal angle which covers this rim.
• FIG. 5 we have shown the constitution of such a metal angle at the location of the curves of junction of the pelvis with the part forming a staircase.
• This metal angle can advantageously be joined to the surface 28 constructed behind the basin after backfilling the excavation after pouring the concrete into the reinforcement columns formed under the raised half-waves of the layer 3.
• FIG. 6 there is illustrated a way of achieving the junction between two end edges 29, 30 of the sheet 4, which come opposite after the sheet has been placed on the periphery complete 25 of the pelvis.
• the length of the sheet has been calculated so as to correspond substantially to that of the perimeter of the basin; advantageously, the sheet is calculated a little longer and it is cut on the spot so as to leave opposite two edges 29, 30 consisting of the only layers 1 and 2 of the sheet.
• the interval left between the two edges can be of the order of a centimeter.
• the third layer 3 can be locally cut to access it.
• the strip 35 is glued or welded to the sheet 2, which ensures perfect sealing of the junction.
• the vertical wall of the swimming pool can be produced in several lengths suitably shaped and precut, which can facilitate the installation operations on site of the wall. In this case, as many junctions 35 are carried out as there are sections to be joined.
• FIG 8 there is illustrated a way of making the tight junction with the bottom.
• the sheet 4 was engaged as shown in Figure 1, in the rebate 19 of an edge 18 of concrete embedded in the concrete 15 of the raft.
• the composite plastic sheet of the invention allows a perfectly waterproof vertical wall to be produced quite simply and economically, for example for a swimming pool whatever the shape and size of the swimming pool, the height of the sheet having to simply be adapted to the height of the vertical wall that is to be obtained.
• the sheet of the invention can be simply stored, rolled up and transported like a corrugated board.
• the last flexible layer by its particular conformation allows the realization of reinforced concrete piles which support the structure and allow the junction of the vertical walls with the raft and a suitably reinforced or chained border of the structure .
• the design of the invention allows the use at will or not of a sealing liner; the design allows the liner to be used only for sealing the raft.
• the composite sheet will be made of plastic for reasons of economy, weight, sealing and weathering, other materials could possibly be used, such as for example metal walls or glass resins.
• the first layer 101 may be identical to layer 1 of the embodiment described above and be constituted for example by a polypropylene sheet with a thickness of the order of 4 to 6 mm.
• the second layer 102 is not constituted as in the embodiment illustrated above by a plastic sheet, but by juxtaposed waves made up of metal angles, three of which referenced 40, 41, 42 have been shown in FIG. 13.
• These metal angles formed in flared U can advantageously be made of sheet steel suitably treated against corrosion or aluminum sheet with a thickness of a few tenths of a millimeter, for example of the order of five tenths of a millimeter.
• plastic weld beads will also be used to anchor the third layer 103 which is formed from a continuous sheet or from discontinuous sheet widths at will.
• the sheet 103 which is advantageously made of plastic material of quality similar to the layer 101, for example polypropylene, can have a structure of the corrugated cardboard type, the skins which make up this sheet 103 can have a thickness on the order of a tenth of a millimeter.
• this wall possibly being constituted either by a composite sheet of the type illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 or by a composite sheet of the type illustrated in FIG. 13.
• fitting angles 44 are generally placed and fixed generally in the shape of a U.
• the sealing liner 136 is deployed on the bottom of the structure.
• the liner 136 is therefore placed on this smooth wall 45 (generally after the interposition of a comfort felt).
• the liner 136 will then be cut flush with the side wall 104.
• the lateral walls of the basin are fixed, advantageously by means of for example screws and nuts which will pass through the vertical wing of the angle iron and the metallic external face 102 of the composite wall. 104.
• the internal face 101 of the wall 104 is placed by its lower end directly on the bottom liner 136; to make the seal between the side wall and the bottom, it is sufficient to weld the lower edge of the wall to the liner by making a weld joint similar to the joint 47 in FIG. 12.
• the use of materials plastics will provide fairly good thermal insulation of the pool from the ground, which is generally sought in particular for obtaining and maintaining pleasant temperatures for using a swimming pool.
• the sheet 1 may be constituted by a multilayer sheet so as to present on the wall side in contact with the water a decorative, mosaic or other appearance with a layer treated with anti-chlorine and anti-ultraviolet radiation.
• the third layer 3 of the sheet may be omitted, at least locally.
• FIGS. 12 and 13 we have illustrated the case where the waves of the third layer come to cover a wave and a half of the second layer, other embodiments can be provided, in which the waves of the third layer would come to cover example two and a half or more waves from the second layer.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Revetment (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

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• 1993
  • 1993-04-16 FR FR9304531A patent/FR2700352B3/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1994
  • 1994-01-06 WO PCT/FR1994/000017 patent/WO1994016175A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1994-01-06 EP EP94904206A patent/EP0632862A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1994-01-06 AU AU58355/94A patent/AU5835594A/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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