EP0630516B1 - Relais electromagnetique polarise - Google Patents

Relais electromagnetique polarise Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0630516B1
EP0630516B1 EP93905171A EP93905171A EP0630516B1 EP 0630516 B1 EP0630516 B1 EP 0630516B1 EP 93905171 A EP93905171 A EP 93905171A EP 93905171 A EP93905171 A EP 93905171A EP 0630516 B1 EP0630516 B1 EP 0630516B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
pole
armature
core
flux
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93905171A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0630516A1 (fr
Inventor
Robert Esterl
Josef Weiser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0630516A1 publication Critical patent/EP0630516A1/fr
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Publication of EP0630516B1 publication Critical patent/EP0630516B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2227—Polarised relays in which the movable part comprises at least one permanent magnet, sandwiched between pole-plates, each forming an active air-gap with parts of the stationary magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/02—Bases; Casings; Covers
    • H01H2050/028—Means to improve the overall withstanding voltage, e.g. creepage distances

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a polarized electromagnetic relay, which comprises: a base; a coil attached to the base, consisting of a coil body with a winding; a core which axially penetrates the coil and protrudes from the coil body with its two ends; at least one movable contact element and at least one fixed mating contact element, each of which is anchored laterally from the coil in the base; an armature arranged above the coil, which is formed by two pole plates lying next to one another in one plane, a flux plate arranged parallel above the pole plates and a four-pole permanent magnet arrangement enclosed in layers between the pole plates and the flux plate, two poles of the same name of the permanent magnet arrangement having the same name, each with a pole plate and the two opposite poles are coupled to the flux plate.
  • a magnet system for such a relay is known from EP-A-34 811.
  • an armature in layered construction is formed from pole plates, a four-pole permanent magnet arrangement and a flux plate, which is however mounted centrally above the winding and bears bent pole shoes at both ends, which form working air gaps with each of the two core ends.
  • Such a so-called H-armature system is magnetically very effective, but it has problems in production because, for example, a precisely aligned pin bearing in the area of the coil is difficult to manufacture and the system with two diagonally opposed air gaps and the one in between, precisely aligned Storage is mechanically overdetermined.
  • the cited publication also does not provide any concrete information about a constructive solution to this Problems; in particular, it is also not shown how the magnet system in a relay is to be brought into relation to a contact arrangement and how the latter can then be actuated.
  • a polarized relay with a magnetically similar system is known from EP-A-72 976 and similarly from US-A-4,665,375.
  • the four-pole permanent magnet with a layering of flux plate and pole plates is arranged firmly above the coil, while a rod-shaped armature is arranged in an axial opening of the coil body.
  • the four-pole permanent magnet above the coil winding gives very large pole faces, which is particularly advantageous for a long coil with a small cross-section.
  • the use of a very flat magnet with a very small extension in the preferred direction, for example a ferrite magnet results in a favorable use of space since the magnet only slightly increases the height of the relay.
  • the overlap area of these parts on the one hand and the pole surfaces of the permanent magnet on the other hand can be chosen to be optimally large, regardless of spatial restrictions. Since the rod-shaped armature is arranged within the coil, its iron cross-section is limited in comparison to the inner diameter of the coil tube, because the armature must carry out its switching movement within the coil, that is, an air gap must be kept free for the armature stroke.
  • the object of the present invention is to make the aforementioned relay principle usable for switching higher currents and voltages.
  • the magnetic circuit in particular should be optimized so that larger contact forces can also be generated for higher currents or voltages.
  • the construction should be chosen so that good insulation between the magnetic circuit and the contact system can be achieved.
  • this object is achieved with a relay of the type mentioned, in which two pole shoes formed as angled extensions of the pole plates enclose a first end of the core with the formation of working air gaps, the armature is rotatably mounted in the vicinity of the second core end about an axis perpendicular to the coil axis; the flux plate is magnetically coupled to the core and the pole plates are provided with the permanent magnet arrangement and the flux plate to form the one-piece armature with a plastic covering, which forms a wall on each side of the coil and at least one actuating lug for actuating the movable contact element or the movable contact elements.
  • the coil core is fixed in the relay according to the invention, its magnetic cross section can be made optimally large. This also optimizes the coil's efficiency.
  • connection of the flux plate, the permanent magnet arrangement and the pole plates by means of plastic to form a one-piece anchor can be achieved either by a plug-in fastening of the parts in a plastic frame or, preferably, by extrusion-coating the metal parts with plastic.
  • the actuating lugs are formed on the armature without any additional effort, with which at least one contact spring can then preferably be switched on both sides of the coil.
  • the relay shown in FIG. 1 in an exploded view has a coil assembly 1 with a core 2 inserted along the axis, an armature 3 pivotably mounted on the coil assembly and a base 4 in which, in addition to the coil assembly and the armature, a pair of contacts with the two on each side Contact springs 5 and 6 and the fixed counter-contact elements 7 and 8 are anchored.
  • a cap 9 (FIG. 4), not shown in FIG. 1, forms a housing with the base 4.
  • the coil assembly 1 consists of a coil body 11 with a winding 12, which is applied between two flanges 13 and 14.
  • the flange 13 has on its underside a nose 15 which engages in a recess 41 in the base 4.
  • a bearing pin 16 for the armature 3 is formed on the flange 14 on the upper side.
  • Coil connecting pins 17 are also anchored in the flange 14.
  • the bobbin 11 has an axial cavity 18 into which the core 2 is inserted.
  • This core has at its rear end in the region of the coil flange 14 a coupling section 21 with an enlarged cross section, which enables a better flow transition between the armature and the core.
  • the armature 3 contains as an assembly two ferromagnetic pole shoes 31 and 32 which, after assembly, enclose the front end 22 of the core and form a double working air gap with it.
  • Pole sheet sections 31a and 32a are formed on the top of each of the two pole pieces and bent into a common plane in order to ensure a large-area coupling to a permanent magnet 33.
  • This permanent magnet 33 is magnetized with four poles, so that it turns to the two pole plate sections 31a and 32a, respectively opposite poles N and S, while the respective opposite poles S and N are coupled on the top to a flux plate 34.
  • This flux plate 34 which, like the two pole pieces 31 and 32, is made of ferromagnetic material, lies on the permanent magnet 33 over a large area after assembly.
  • a coupling section 34a at the rear end which, after assembly, is brought as close as possible to the coupling section 21 of the core - while ensuring the mobility of the armature.
  • a bore 34b is provided in the flow plate for mounting the armature on the journal 16.
  • sheet metal studs 34c are formed on the front end of the flow plate, which allow sliding contact between the armature and the housing cap to ensure the mobility of the armature.
  • the pole plates 31 and 32, the permanent magnet 33 and the flux plate 34 are stacked on one another and then coated with plastic walls 35 on the sides such that the armature 3 shown in Figure 1 as a closed assembly is formed.
  • This held together with the plastic walls 35 armature has a downwardly open cavity, so that the armature is placed on the coil assembly 1 and on the Bearing pin 16 can be stored.
  • Actuating lugs 36 are also formed laterally on the plastic walls 35 and are used to actuate the contact springs 5 and 6, which are prestressed inwards in each case.
  • 35 sliding knobs 37 are formed on the underside of the plastic walls, which slide on the base 4 during the switching movement of the armature and thus keep the necessary actuating force low.
  • the contact springs 5 and 6 each have contact pieces 51 and 61, while the counter-contact elements 7 and 8 also have contact pieces 71 and 81.
  • the contact springs 5 and 6 are each connected, for example welded, to a spring support or connecting element 52 or 62, which are respectively inserted into openings 42 in the base when the relay is installed. Openings 43 are also provided in the base for the mating contact elements 7 and 8.
  • the coil assembly 1 is placed on the base during assembly, the coil connection pins 17 being inserted into corresponding openings 44.
  • the armature is placed on the coil assembly, so that the bearing pin 16 reaches the bearing bore 34b.
  • the cap 9 is put on according to FIG. 4.
  • the housing can then be sealed on the underside by means of a casting compound 10 in the usual way, as is also indicated in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 2 shows a slightly modified embodiment of the anchor.
  • the flow plate 34 is made somewhat narrower, while the side walls 35 are extended upwards.
  • sliding knobs 35a are also formed on the upper side of the side walls 35, which ensure the sliding on the housing cap instead of the sheet-metal knobs 34c described above.
  • the anchor according to FIG. 2 is constructed in the same way as the anchor from FIG. 1.
  • Figure 3 shows a view of the anchor of Figure 1 or Figure 2 from the bottom. From this it can be seen that the side walls 35 each have only a small thickness, so that a large inner cavity 38 remains, in which the coil of the relay comes to rest. In this view from below, the pole plate sections 31a and 32a and in the central part of the permanent magnet 33 are also visible.
  • FIG. 4 shows a section through the empty housing, consisting of base 4 and housing cap 9, that is to say without a magnet system and contacts.
  • the base 4 according to FIG. 4 is somewhat modified compared to FIG. 1. It also has raised side walls 45 and insulating intermediate walls 46 which separate the magnet system (coil assembly 1 and armature 3) arranged on the inside from the contact systems arranged on the side.
  • This base from FIG. 4 is shown again in a top view in FIG.
  • the intermediate walls 46 which each have recesses 47 for the passage of the actuating lugs 36, can also be clearly seen. In this way, specially separated contact chambers 48 are formed.
  • the cap 9 is also provided with additional partition walls 91 which overlap with the partition walls 46 of the base and thereby reinforce the insulation between the contact chambers and the magnet system with long creepage distances.
  • FIGS. 6 to 9 show modified embodiments for the magnet system which could therefore replace the magnet system from FIG. 1, consisting of the coil assembly 1 and the armature 3. Insofar as these are only schematic representations, the complete constructions can easily be supplemented by a specialist.
  • FIG. 6 shows again a system which, with minor changes, essentially corresponds to the system of FIG. 1. Only the pole sheet sections 31a and 32a are somewhat shortened compared to the illustration there.
  • the magnetic fluxes are shown in FIG. 6 as well as in the following figures, the excitation flux generated by the coil with FE and the permanent magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet are designated with FD.
  • the arrows indicate the flow direction predetermined by the polarization of the permanent magnet according to FIG. 1.
  • the excitation flow FE the arrows show a direction of flow in the case of excitation with a specific current direction. In this case, the excitation flow at the front end of the core flows through the working air gaps on both sides towards the two pole shoes 31 and 32.
  • the magnet system has been modified such that the core 120 is widened in a T-shape at its front end, that is to say it has side legs 121 and 122, respectively.
  • Appropriately adapted pole pieces 131 and 132 thus each form working air gaps in the side wall area.
  • the extensions of the two pole pieces 131 and 132 are then coupled to the permanent magnet 33 again as pole sheet sections 131a and 132a. With such a construction, larger magnetic cross sections and coupling surfaces can be obtained on the T-shaped coil core.
  • a T-shaped widened coil core 220 with side legs 221 and 222 is again provided.
  • the pole shoes 231 and 232 have not only pole sheet sections 231a and 232a, but also additional coupling sections 231b (not visible) and 232b, which couple the excitation flow directly to the rear end of the core.
  • the excitation flux had to flow through the permanent magnet 33 to the flux plate 34, it becomes according to FIG. 8 directly coupled to the core via a portion of the ferromagnetic pole pieces.
  • the magnetic resistance for the excitation flux circuit is thus reduced.
  • the permanent magnetic flux is also partially short-circuited in this way, so that a higher magnetization of the permanent magnet 33 is required.
  • An optimization of the cross-sections and air gaps is therefore necessary in accordance with the desired characteristics.
  • a T-shaped core 220 and pole shoes 231 and 232 are constructed in the same way as in the example in FIG. 8. In turn, they have pole plate sections 231a and 232a and coupling sections 231b and 232b for coupling to the rear end of the core.
  • a modified flow plate 234 is now provided, the coupling section 234a of which is bent at the front of the armature. The excitation flow from the flux plate to the pole plate sections is thus not returned in the area of the armature bearing, but in the area of the working air gap. In this case, too, the excitation flux FE does not go through the permanent magnet 33, but directly to the pole shoes 231 and 232 via lateral air gaps.
  • the permanent magnet 33 is partially short-circuited, so that a high magnetization of the permanent magnet is also required here.
  • cross sections and air gaps must be optimized.
  • the contacts are designed as self-pressure contacts, that is to say that the contact springs 5 and 6 are each preloaded relative to the associated counter-contact element 7 and 8 and rest on them in the idle state.
  • the magnet system therefore only has the function of opening the contacts.
  • the safe opening of the contacts is the most critical condition at high currents.
  • the opening process is more effective for self-pressure contacts because the already accelerated magnet system at the end of its switching movement strikes the contact springs and is more likely to tear open any glued contacts.
  • the ACll switching capacity is greater here than with an inverted system.
  • An additional advantage of self-pressure contacts is that the NC and NO contacts have the same mechanical requirements, so that the movements are the same, which ultimately leads to the same electrical life under load.
  • the contacts can be adjusted using a purely mechanical spring bend with the appropriate gauges.
  • the spring force of the self-pressure contact springs can also be used to reset the relay armature.
  • the contact structure could also be changed so that a normally open contact with an additional tungsten lead contact is formed.
  • the self-pressure principle creates a kind of positive guidance if the magnet system has a certain, tolerated course.
  • the separation of the two contacts in separate chambers on the right and left of the magnet system generally prevents the influence of the erosion products of one contact on the switching behavior of the other.
  • the dielectric strength of the relay is also safer thanks to this contact separation due to the larger distances.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Relais électromagnétique polarisé, comportant:
    - un socle (4);
    - une bobine (1) fixée sur le socle, composée d'un corps de bobine (11) avec un enroulement (12);
    - un noyau (2) qui traverse la bobine (1) axialement et dont les deux extrémités (21, 22) dépassent du corps de la bobine (1);
    - au moins un élément de contact (5, 6) mobile et au moins un contre-élément de contact (7, 8) fixe, qui sont chacun ancrés dans le socle (4), sur le côté de la bobine (1);
    - un induit (3) disposé au-dessus de la bobine (1), lequel est formé par deux tôles polaires (31a, 32a; 131a, 132a; 231a, 232a) juxtaposées dans un même plan, une tôle de flux (34; 234) disposée en parallèle au-dessus des tôles polaires et un agencement d'aimant permanent (33) quadripolaire renfermé à la manière d'un sandwich entre les tôles polaires et la tôle de flux, étant précisé que deux pôles de nom contraire de l'agencement d'aimant permanent sont couplés avec respectivement une tôle polaire et les deux pôles opposés avec la tôle de flux, étant précisé d'autre part que
    - deux cornes polaires (31, 32; 131, 132; 231, 232) se présentant sous forme de prolongements coudés des tôles polaires (31a, 32a; 131a, 132a; 231a, 232a) renferment entre elles une première extrémité (22) du noyau (2) en formant des entrefers de travail,
    - l'induit (3), à proximité de la deuxième extrémité de noyau (21), est logé de manière mobile sur un axe vertical perpendiculaire par rapport à l'axe de la bobine,
    - la tôle de flux (34; 234) est couplée magnétiquement au noyau (2), et
    - les tôles polaires (31a, 32a; 131a, 132a; 231a, 232a) y compris l'agencement d'aimant permanent (33) et la tôle de flux (34; 234) sont revêtus d'une enveloppe plastique pour former l'induit (3) monopièce, laquelle enveloppe forme respectivement une paroi (35) de part et d'autre de la bobine (1) et au moins un ergot d'actionnement (36) pour actionner l'élément de contact mobile ou les éléments de contact mobiles (5, 6).
  2. Relais selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que sur une bride de bobine (14) du corps de bobine (11), à proximité de la deuxième extrémité de noyau (21), est formé un tourillon (16) perpendiculaire à l'axe de la bobine, lequel s'engrène dans un creux de palier (34b) de l'induit (3).
  3. Relais selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au tronçon final de l'induit (3), opposé au logement, sont prévus à la face inférieure et, le cas échéant, à la face supérieure des noeuds de glissement (37; 34c) qui permettent un glissement sur le socle (4) et, le cas échéant, au niveau d'un capuchon de boîtier (9).
  4. Relais selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les cornes polaires (31, 32) sont pliées et coudées en bout, à l'avant de la bobine, en direction de l'axe pour former avec la première extrémité de noyau (22) l'entrefer de travail.
  5. Relais selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les cornes polaires (131, 132) forment des entrefers de travail qui sont chaque fois parallèles l'une par rapport à l'autre et par rapport aux parois latérales et en ce que la première extrémité de noyau est élargie en forme de T pour former l'entrefer de travail (figures 7 à 10).
  6. Relais selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que les cornes polaires (231, 232) forment chaque fois latéralement, à côté de la bobine, des tronçons de couplage (231b, 232b) pour reconduire le flux d'induction à la deuxième extrémité de noyau.
  7. Relais selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la tôle de flux (34) est couplée à la deuxième extrémité de noyau.
  8. Relais selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la tôle de flux (234) est couplée à la première extrémité de noyau (figure 9).
  9. Relais selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le système magnétique est isolé par des parois de séparation (46; 91) formées sur le socle (4) et/ou sur un capuchon (9), de jeux de contacts (5, 6, 7, 8) disposés de part et d'autre.
EP93905171A 1992-03-13 1993-03-09 Relais electromagnetique polarise Expired - Lifetime EP0630516B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4208164 1992-03-13
DE4208164A DE4208164A1 (de) 1992-03-13 1992-03-13 Polarisiertes elektromagnetisches relais
PCT/DE1993/000215 WO1993018534A1 (fr) 1992-03-13 1993-03-09 Relais electromagnetique polarise

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0630516A1 EP0630516A1 (fr) 1994-12-28
EP0630516B1 true EP0630516B1 (fr) 1995-11-22

Family

ID=6454053

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93905171A Expired - Lifetime EP0630516B1 (fr) 1992-03-13 1993-03-09 Relais electromagnetique polarise

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0630516B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE130701T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4208164A1 (fr)
SI (1) SI9300117A (fr)
WO (1) WO1993018534A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10251455B3 (de) * 2002-11-05 2004-09-02 Matsushita Electric Works (Europe) Ag Elektromagnetisches Relais

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3006948A1 (de) * 1980-02-25 1981-09-10 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Polarisiertes magnetsystem
DE3410424C2 (de) * 1984-03-21 1986-01-30 Sds-Elektro Gmbh, 8024 Deisenhofen Zapfengelagertes Relais
ATE53703T1 (de) * 1985-02-12 1990-06-15 Siemens Ag Elektromagnetisches relais.
DE3520773C1 (de) * 1985-05-29 1989-07-20 SDS-Relais AG, 8024 Deisenhofen Elektromagnetisches Relais

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0630516A1 (fr) 1994-12-28
ATE130701T1 (de) 1995-12-15
SI9300117A (en) 1993-09-30
WO1993018534A1 (fr) 1993-09-16
DE59301014D1 (de) 1996-01-04
DE4208164A1 (de) 1993-09-16

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