EP0626516B1 - Dispositif de pompe à vide sans lubrifiant - Google Patents

Dispositif de pompe à vide sans lubrifiant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0626516B1
EP0626516B1 EP94103685A EP94103685A EP0626516B1 EP 0626516 B1 EP0626516 B1 EP 0626516B1 EP 94103685 A EP94103685 A EP 94103685A EP 94103685 A EP94103685 A EP 94103685A EP 0626516 B1 EP0626516 B1 EP 0626516B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
diaphragm
piston
vacuum
reciprocating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94103685A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0626516A1 (fr
Inventor
Erich Becker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KNF Neuberger GmbH
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KNF Neuberger GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE9305554U external-priority patent/DE9305554U1/de
Application filed by KNF Neuberger GmbH filed Critical KNF Neuberger GmbH
Publication of EP0626516A1 publication Critical patent/EP0626516A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0626516B1 publication Critical patent/EP0626516B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B23/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04B23/04—Combinations of two or more pumps
    • F04B23/06—Combinations of two or more pumps the pumps being all of reciprocating positive-displacement type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B25/00—Multi-stage pumps
    • F04B25/005—Multi-stage pumps with two cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/04—Measures to avoid lubricant contaminating the pumped fluid
    • F04B39/041—Measures to avoid lubricant contaminating the pumped fluid sealing for a reciprocating rod
    • F04B39/048—Sealing between piston and carter being provided by a diaphragm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
    • F04D19/02—Multi-stage pumps
    • F04D19/04—Multi-stage pumps specially adapted to the production of a high vacuum, e.g. molecular pumps
    • F04D19/042—Turbomolecular vacuum pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
    • F04D19/02—Multi-stage pumps
    • F04D19/04—Multi-stage pumps specially adapted to the production of a high vacuum, e.g. molecular pumps
    • F04D19/046—Combinations of two or more different types of pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/16—Combinations of two or more pumps ; Producing two or more separate gas flows

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lubricant-free vacuum pump device with a turbo-molecular pump, which is followed by a hybrid pump in the flow path.
  • Double piston pumps are already known, in which the two pistons are connected to one another via a piston rod and are driven by a linear drive (see brochure "LABOVAC linear diaphragm pumps and piston pumps” from SASKIA, Hochvakuum-und Labortechnik GmbH, O-6300 Ilmenau). It is also mentioned there that hermetic sealing of the pistons can be achieved in special models by installing a separating membrane.
  • piston pumps of this type with or without a separating membrane have several disadvantages: With the piston, which causes it to be pushed out, for example outdoors, condensate can form if the fluid handled is suitably humid. This leads to increased wear and leaks in the piston seals. This means a drop in performance of the entire pump unit.
  • a piston pump is also already known, in which the piston-cylinder chamber is closed off from the crank chamber with a sealing membrane. This prevents, for example, atmospheric air from getting past the piston rings or a lip seal of the piston can and thereby the vacuum generated in the piston pump deteriorates somewhat.
  • the disadvantage is also prevented that the actual delivery medium itself is contaminated by air which may or may not be contaminated, coming from the crank chamber. It should also be noted that you cannot achieve tightness in the long run when the crankshaft passes and that lubrication is necessary in the crankcase due to the mechanical movements. This also contributes to undesirable contamination of the actual delivery medium if the piston-cylinder chamber is not sealed off from the crank chamber.
  • turbomolecular pumps When such a known double linear piston pump works together with a turbo-molecular pump, the usual vibrations lead to undesirable movements in the turbo-molecular pump, which is usually combined with the double-piston pump in a single frame or even designed as a common pump block.
  • the turbo molecular pump is extremely sensitive to vibrations.
  • turbomolecular pumps of a type known per se have speeds of, for example, 30,000 rpm, but also much higher speeds.
  • the rotors of such turbo-molecular pumps are therefore usually also stored in magnetic bearings and are accordingly sensitive to shocks.
  • a piston pump is already known, the piston of which is blocked off from the crank chamber by means of a sealing sleeve which bears against the pump cylinder.
  • a sealing membrane is provided in the known piston pump, which is operated as a dry-running pump, which is arranged between the sealing sleeve and the crank chamber.
  • the intermediate space between the sealing sleeve and the sealing membrane is connected to a suction line, which discharges the pumping medium that passes through the sealing sleeve into the intermediate space and conveys it back to the suction side of the pump.
  • This known piston pump is primarily intended as a separate feed pump.
  • a vacuum pump which is designed as a double-acting diaphragm pump and has two oppositely symmetrical diaphragms.
  • the pumping chambers of the previously known vacuum pump are connected in series.
  • the performance of the known vacuum pump is still in need of improvement.
  • a pump device is known from the brochure "Vacuum chemistry hybrid pump RC 5" from VACUUBRAND, D-97877 Wertheim, in which a diaphragm pump is connected downstream of a two-stage rotary lobe pump. While the rotary lobe pump sealed by an oil in an oil reservoir forms a first pumping stage, the diaphragm pump is connected downstream of this as an oil-free, condensation and corrosion-insensitive second pumping stage.
  • the turbomolecular pump is followed by a dual displacement pump designed as a hybrid pump in the flow path.
  • the harmful effects of a possible formation of condensate in the diaphragm pump expelling the pumped medium are largely avoided, since the diaphragm pump is practically insensitive to the formation of condensate.
  • piston pump arranged in the way of the delivery medium between the turbomolecular pump and the diaphragm pump, a relatively large delivery volume can be achieved and the piston pump can be designed with respect to its volume so that the piston pump volume compressed by it matches the intake volume of the diaphragm pump.
  • This combination of piston pump and diaphragm pump can avoid the disadvantage that can occur when using two diaphragm pumps:
  • the diaphragm pump directly connected to the turbomolecular pump must because of the different suction volumes of the two pumps connected in series have relatively large dimensions, which leads to large masses to be moved and also has certain disadvantages with regard to the membrane formation in the membrane pump adjacent to the turbomolecular pump.
  • optimal conditions are achieved with the hybrid pump provided in the vacuum pump device according to the invention, that is to say when a piston pump is combined with a membrane pump connected downstream of this piston pump.
  • backing pumps with two diaphragms - as I said - are no longer optimally efficient.
  • tests have shown that backing pumps, which are to work together with turbo-molecular pumps, are of a magnitude where two diaphragm pumps connected in series can no longer be optimally designed.
  • the vacuum pump device according to the invention is thus characterized by its high performance even with a compact design.
  • the reciprocating piston pump having a pendulum piston, in conjunction with the associated sealing membrane, ensures that the delivery paths for the medium do not come into contact with any lubricated parts. For example, no lubricated parts are required in the area of the piston pump close to the pump, because a piston pin is avoided with the pendulum piston.
  • the double displacement pump downstream of the turbo-molecular pump in the vacuum pump device according to the invention therefore allows absolute freedom from lubricants and the like. This is particularly advantageous if the vacuum pump device according to the invention is used, for example, in the field of electronics component production. This is where absolute cleanliness is important, for example when chips are vapor-deposited.
  • the production process which is to be kept under vacuum here by the vacuum pump device according to the invention usually takes place under the influence of protective gas. Even very minor impurities have considerable disadvantages. Such contamination can be largely avoided by the double-displacement pump connected downstream of the turbo-molecular pump.
  • the invention Vacuum pump equipment is therefore, for example, also in the field of electronics component
  • the sealing membrane provided in the vacuum pump device according to the invention not only counteracts any contamination of the conveying paths by any lubricated parts; rather, the space provided between the pendulum piston or its associated sealing collar on the one hand and the sealing membrane on the other hand, especially when the vacuum pump device according to the invention starts up, can be evacuated via the provided suction line to such an extent that the suction process is accelerated and the operating vacuum is reached more quickly.
  • the vacuum pump device consisting of the turbomolecular pump and the downstream double displacement pump is thus ready for operation faster when starting, which further increases the performance of this pump device according to the invention.
  • the measures of claim 5 have the advantage that a minimal dead space is achieved.
  • the piston pump and the diaphragm pump volume can be designed accordingly, taking into account the needs of the turbomolecular pump, and optimal conditions of such a one Create overall device.
  • the measures of claim 8 simplify mass balancing of the parts moved back and forth, which favors the smooth running of the double displacement pump provided in the vacuum pump device according to the invention. You can design the pump device taking into account all the masses to be moved and achieve a largely quiet running, which is particularly important if the turbo-molecular pump and the double displacement pump are accommodated in a common frame or even in a common housing.
  • the double positive displacement pump 1 shows a double positive displacement pump 1 below a turbo-molecular pump 2 connected to it.
  • the double positive displacement pump 1 is designed as a hybrid pump 3, the piston 4 on the medium inlet side being a comparatively large piston pump 5 Has displacement 6, the piston-cylinder chamber 7 is sealed off from the crank chamber 8 of the hybrid pump 3 by means of a sealing membrane 9.
  • the piston pump 5 is followed by a diaphragm pump 10, the displacement 11 of which is noticeably smaller than that of the piston pump 5.
  • the displacements 6 and 11 of the hybrid pump 3 are at least approximately matched to one another in such a way that the extension volume of the piston pump 5 is equal to the suction volume of the diaphragm pump 10 at a certain operating vacuum. If necessary, intake and extension volumes can also be coordinated for an operating area in the sense of optimization.
  • the double displacement pump 1 is the turbo-molecular pump
  • turbomolecular pump 2 and the double displacement pump 1 are connected to one another with respect to their housings 16 and 17, for example by means of a frame 31 only indicated schematically in FIG.
  • the turbo molecular pump 2 and the double displacement pump 1 can of course also be accommodated in a common housing (not shown).
  • Both pumps 5 and 10 of the double displacement pump 1 are provided with pendulum pistons 18 and 19, and in the piston pump 5 of the double displacement pump 1 a disk-like sealing sleeve 20 is attached to the piston head 21 thereof. This sealing sleeve 20 seals the piston head 21 against the piston-cylinder space 7 of the piston pump 5.
  • the double positive displacement pump 1 on the one hand has a piston pump 5 and on the other hand has a diaphragm pump 10, one speaks of a “hybrid pump 3”.
  • the diaphragm pump 10 of this hybrid pump 3 has a shaped membrane 22, the upper side 24 of the adjacent pump chamber wall 23 which is adapted to it, so that there is only a practically minimal dead space in the dead center position (lower in FIG. 1).
  • the piston pump 5 and the diaphragm pump 10 of the hybrid pump 3 are driven via a common crankshaft 26.
  • the two pumps 5 and 10 are arranged opposite one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis L of the pump. Because of this and because of the common drive via the crankshaft 26, mass balancing with regard to the pumping movement of the piston pump 5 and the diaphragm pump 10 is readily possible. This results in a particularly smooth running of the hybrid pump if a mass balance of all moving masses is provided with respect to the piston and diaphragm pumps 5 and 10.
  • FIG. 1 one can also see a suction line 33, which extends from the connecting line 32, which leads from the turbomolecular pump 2 of the piston pump suction point 12, and from there to the intermediate space 30 which, on the one hand, extends between the piston head 21 of the piston pump 5 and the associated sealing membrane 9 is located.
  • the intermediate space 30 is also evacuated by this suction line 33, in particular when the hybrid pump 3 starts up. Leakages on the associated sealing collar 20 are not significant and do not have a long-term effect, so that the piston pump 5 brings about a corresponding reduction in pressure soon after the hybrid pump 3 starts up with the desired large suction volume. From the outlet port 34, the pumping medium indicated in FIG.
  • an impeller 40 which is connected to a motor M, which is only indicated schematically, and paddle wheels 41 of known construction having.
  • the impeller 40 of the turbomolecular pump runs at, for example, 30,000 revolutions per minute, but possibly also much faster, for example at around 60,000 revolutions per minute. Because of this high rotational speed, it is usually stored in magnetic bearings 43, one of which is drawn on the right side of FIG. 44 is a space, container or the like which is to be evacuated by the turbo-molecular and hybrid pump 2, 3.
  • turbomolecular pump inlet 45 leads from space 44 into this turbomolecular pump 2.
  • turbomolecular pump 2 known per se, starts up, it initially does little in the start-up stage.
  • pressure-side outlet 15 leads via the connecting line 32 into the displacement 6 of the piston pump 5.
  • the piston pump 5, as well as the diaphragm pump 10, on the inlet and outlet sides of the medium is equipped with known vacuum valves 27, which are only indicated schematically in FIG. In a conventional manner, vacuum is generated by the movement of the pendulum piston 18 in the displacement 6.
  • the medium as described above, which is usually air, but also other gases, is then conducted via the pump line 36 to the inlet port 37 of the diaphragm pump 10.
  • This sucks in gas, air or the like medium in the usual working cycle and pushes it out at its outlet connection 38.
  • the sealing membrane 9 attached to the rear of the pendulum piston 18 of the piston pump 5 prevents impurities from penetrating into the medium area.
  • the suction line 33 leads from the intermediate space 30 to the connecting line 32, which connects the turbomolecular pump to the piston pump 5.
  • the turbomolecular pump 2 only begins to be practically effective when a certain minimum vacuum has been reached by the hydride pump 3, which practically represents a backing pump for the turbomolecular pump 2. Then it works in combination with the hybrid pump 3 as follows: Due to the high speed of the impeller wheels 41 of the turbomolecular pump 2, molecules in their housing 16 receive correspondingly high impulses and are moved from the turbomolecular pump inlet 45 to their outlet 15 , which leads to the desired increase in the vacuum known per se in turbomolecular pumps. To a certain extent, the molecules are mechanically transported by these impulses in the direction of the outlet 15 of the turbomolecular pump, which results in an increase in the vacuum.
  • the double positive displacement pump 1 serving as the backing pump for the turbo-molecular pump 2 is designed as a hybrid pump 3, the piston pump 5 of which, in the sense of the medium flow, adjacent to the turbo-molecular pump 2 produces a relatively large suction volume and is nevertheless protected against contamination and leaks, but works in combination with the outlet-side diaphragm pump 10, which in turn is insensitive to condensate.
  • Curve 46 shows the suction capacity, plotted against the suction pressure, for a normal, two-stage diaphragm pump.
  • Curve 47 shows the course of the pumping speed of a two-stage hybrid pump 3 with a piston pump on the suction side and a diaphragm pump 5 and 10 on the outlet side.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Dispositif formant une pompe à vide sans lubrifiant, comprenant une pompe turbomoléculaire (2) en aval de laquelle (2), dans le trajet de l'écoulement, est montée une pompe volumétrique double (1) qui est réalisée sous la forme d'une pompe hybride (3) et qui (1) comporte du côté de l'entrée du fluide une pompe à piston alternatif (5) comprenant un piston pendulaire (18) en aval de laquelle (5) est montée une pompe à membrane (10) qui expulse le fluide à déplacer, ces pompes à piston alternatif et à membrane (5, 10) étant entraînées par l'intermédiaire d'un vilebrequin commun (26), cependant que le cylindre (7) du piston alternatif est fermé par rapport au volume (8) contenant le vilebrequin au moyen d'une membrane d'étanchéité (9), et que l'espace intermédiaire (30) qui est prévu entre le piston alternatif (18), d'une part, et la membrane d'étanchéité (9), d'autre part, est relié à un conduit d'aspiration (33).
  2. Dispositif formant une pompe à vide selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le conduit d'aspiration (33) débouche en amont d'une soupape d'aspiration (27) de la pompe à piston alternatif (5) dans la direction du courant déplacé.
  3. Dispositif formant une pompe à vide selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que le volume intérieur (11) de la pompe à membrane (10) est nettement plus faible que celui de la pompe à piston alternatif (5).
  4. Dispositif formant une pompe à vide selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que les volumes intérieurs (6, 11) des deux pompes volumétriques (5, 10) sont ajustés l'un par rapport à l'autre d'une manière à peu près telle que le volume de refoulement de la pompe à piston alternatif (5) soit égal, du moins approximativement, au volume d'aspiration de la pompe à membrane (10) pour un volume de régime déterminé.
  5. Dispositif formant une pompe à vide selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que la pompe à membrane (10) comporte une membrane moulée (22) dont le côté supérieur (24) est adapté à la paroi voisine (23) du volume intérieur de la pompe à membrane (10).
  6. Dispositif formant une pompe à vide selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que la tubulure d'aspiration (12) de la pompe à piston alternatif (5) communique avec la sortie (15) de la pompe turbomoléculaire (2), par le fait que la pompe turbomoléculaire (2), ainsi que les deux pompes volumétriques (5, 10), communiquent entre elles quant à leurs carters (16, 17), et par le fait qu'il est prévu de préférence un équilibrage des masses, du moins approximatif, pour toutes les masses mobiles en ce qui concerne la pompe à piston alternatif et la pompe à membrane (5, 10).
  7. Dispositif formant une pompe à vide selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que la pompe à piston alternatif (5) comporte sur la tête de son piston un joint d'étanchéité en forme de disque auquel une section transversale en forme de U est conférée par son introduction dans le volume intérieur (7) du cylindre.
  8. Dispositif formant une pompe à vide selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que la pompe à piston alternatif (5), ainsi que la pompe à membrane (10), sont disposées dans la direction d'un axe longitudinal (L) qui est commun à ces pompes.
EP94103685A 1993-04-15 1994-03-10 Dispositif de pompe à vide sans lubrifiant Expired - Lifetime EP0626516B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9305554U DE9305554U1 (de) 1993-04-15 1993-04-15 Zweifach-Verdrängerpumpe
DE9305554U 1993-04-15
DE4320963 1993-06-24
DE4320963A DE4320963C2 (de) 1993-04-15 1993-06-24 Schmiermittelfreie Vakuum-Pumpeneinrichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0626516A1 EP0626516A1 (fr) 1994-11-30
EP0626516B1 true EP0626516B1 (fr) 1997-06-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94103685A Expired - Lifetime EP0626516B1 (fr) 1993-04-15 1994-03-10 Dispositif de pompe à vide sans lubrifiant

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (2) US5387090A (fr)
EP (1) EP0626516B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2882748B2 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5387090A (en) 1995-02-07
US5584669A (en) 1996-12-17
JP2882748B2 (ja) 1999-04-12
JPH06299962A (ja) 1994-10-25
EP0626516A1 (fr) 1994-11-30

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