EP0625858A1 - Méthode de gestion de mémoire pour un serveur vidéo - Google Patents

Méthode de gestion de mémoire pour un serveur vidéo Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0625858A1
EP0625858A1 EP93870086A EP93870086A EP0625858A1 EP 0625858 A1 EP0625858 A1 EP 0625858A1 EP 93870086 A EP93870086 A EP 93870086A EP 93870086 A EP93870086 A EP 93870086A EP 0625858 A1 EP0625858 A1 EP 0625858A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blocks
random access
memories
access memories
sequence
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93870086A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0625858B1 (fr
Inventor
Bart Frans Voeten
Christophe Daniel Ghislain Vermeulen
Frank Octaaf Van Der Putten
Frank Cyriel Michel Defoort
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Manufacturing Co NV
Alcatel Bell NV
Alcatel NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bell Telephone Manufacturing Co NV, Alcatel Bell NV, Alcatel NV filed Critical Bell Telephone Manufacturing Co NV
Priority to EP93870086A priority Critical patent/EP0625858B1/fr
Priority to DE69319329T priority patent/DE69319329T2/de
Priority to ES93870086T priority patent/ES2118217T3/es
Priority to AU61927/94A priority patent/AU674064B2/en
Priority to CA002123761A priority patent/CA2123761A1/fr
Priority to US08/246,182 priority patent/US5553005A/en
Priority to JP10579494A priority patent/JP3604724B2/ja
Publication of EP0625858A1 publication Critical patent/EP0625858A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0625858B1 publication Critical patent/EP0625858B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/21—Server components or server architectures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11C—STATIC STORES
    • G11C7/00—Arrangements for writing information into, or reading information out from, a digital store
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/173—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
    • H04N7/17309—Transmission or handling of upstream communications
    • H04N7/17336—Handling of requests in head-ends
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/173—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
    • H04N7/17345—Control of the passage of the selected programme

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a video server memory management method including the steps of providing a memory constituted by a plurality of random access memories each having a single output for retrieving data stored therein, subdividing each of said video signals in a plurality of distinct blocks corresponding to successive parts of said video signal, storing at least two of said blocks in each of said random access memories, and, retrieving said blocks from said random access memories in a predetermined sequence.
  • Such a video server memory management method is known in the art, e.g. from the article "System architecture for a large scale video on demand service", by W. Sincoskie, Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 22, 1991, pp. 155-162, and more particularly from the "NTSC case” discussed in the 2nd paragraph of section 4.1 thereof.
  • each of the random access memories corresponds to the memory associated to one of the "parallel heads" as this memory has a single output, i.e. the parallel heads, as mentioned above.
  • a large number of blocks each corresponding to part of the video signal and together constituting a portion of the video signal, e.g. of 12.5 minutes, are stored in a single random access memory and distinct portions of this video signal are stored in distinct random access memories.
  • a block interleaving scheme which defines the above mentioned predetermined sequence and permits the optimization of the retrieval rate of a large number of so called predetermined "phases" of a same video signal.
  • this management method is optimized for offering a rough video on demand service to user stations coupled to the video server and accepting a limited interactive control, whilst user stations requesting full interactive control, e.g. VCR functionalities such as fast forward and rewind, are serviced via intermediate stopstart buffers allocated to them.
  • VCR functionalities such as fast forward and rewind
  • full interactive control is with the known method only supported by continuous production of a large number of "phases" of a same video signal and by the use of additional hardware.
  • this method is very well suited for some popular video signals, since the continuous production of a large number of "phases" is then justified, for other video signals it is advantageous to allow the user stations to have direct interactive control of the retrieval of video signals from the random access memories, in which case the predetermined sequence corresponds to the sequence in which the video signal is to be displayed.
  • the number of user stations allowed to view a same video signal portion stored in a same random access memory, e.g. a hard disk, and retrieved from the same single output thereof is restricted.
  • the throughput at this single output is about equal to 20 Mbit/s and the bitrate of a digitally coded video signal typically amounts to 4 Mbit/s which verifiably restricts the number of user stations simultaneously reading information from the same random access memory to 5.
  • this restricts the number of user stations simultaneously viewing one of the 8 portions of 12.5 minutes also to 5 whilst at most 40 user stations are allowed for the complete video signal.
  • each user station may experience serious flaws in the interactive video on demand service. Indeed, in the given example a sixth user station has a worst case waiting time of 12.5 minutes if 5 other user stations just started viewing the first portion of the video signal, and no user station can fast forward or rewind to a following or previous portion of this video signal stored in another memory already used by 5 other user stations.
  • a first object of the invention is to provide a memory management method of the above known type, but by which the above mentioned flaws may be avoided without increasing the number of random access memories.
  • said method further includes the step of storing any two consecutive blocks of said predetermined sequence in distinct ones of said random access memories.
  • a sixth user station now has a worst case waiting time of one block because, after having viewed one block stored in a first of the two distinct memories the first five user stations switch to viewing a following block stored in the second of these memories.
  • the interactive control is improved since all user stations are allowed to roam freely within a 25 minutes double signal portion instead of within a 12.5 minutes single signal portion. It is to be noted that still none of the user stations can fast forward or rewind over an odd number of blocks since in that case a possible conflict with the 5 user stations reading from the other memory results. However, such a restriction will not be noticed by the user station as a block typically corresponds to one second of the video signal or less as already mentioned above.
  • Such a limitation has an important adverse affect since it also restricts the number of "phases" which can be generated from a single hard disk and hence the "granularity" with which the video signal can be provided to the user stations in using a predetermined number of hard disks.
  • a second object of the present invention therefore consists in providing a memory management method of the above known type but allowing the above predetermined sequence to be retrieved at a rate exceeding the above mentioned maximum sustainable transfer rate of the disk shaped random access memories.
  • said plurality of random access memories is constituted by an even number of disk shaped memories each having a plurality of cylinders and is partitioned in equally large first and second subsets of memories, and that said method further includes the step of storing consecutive odd numbered blocks and consecutive even numbered blocks of said sequence in successive cylinders of said first and of said second subset respectively and in first and second directions respectively which are mutually opposite.
  • the rate at which the predetermined sequence can be generated substantially equals the average of the maximum sustainable transfer rate corresponding to the inner cylinder of the disk shaped memory and the maximum transfer rate of the disk shaped memory corresponding to its outer cylinder.
  • the first and second of these blocks are retrieved with transfer rates respectively smaller and larger than the above average rate which verifiably leads to a generation rate equalling the above average rate.
  • random access memories may be formatted according to the same memory management method suitable for providing the large number of "phases" as well as the interactive video on demand service. If care is taken that any two consecutive blocks of the video signal correspond to two blocks consecutively retrieved in accordance with the predetermined sequence, this is even the case when this predetermined sequence is arrived at via the above known block interleaving scheme.
  • a further feature of the present invention is that said plurality of memories comprises a sequence of M consecutively numbered random access memories and said plurality of blocks comprises a sequence of Q consecutively numbered blocks and that each of said blocks with sequence number Y is stored in the random access memory with sequence number equal to Y mod M.
  • the above relation further not only simplifies the control of the retrieval process when the blocks are stored in more than two random access memories but also ensures that all user stations, after having retrieved a block from one of the random access memories, must retrieve their next block from a same next random access memory so avoiding in a simple way that conflicts arise between the retrieval processes of distinct user stations.
  • Still a further feature of the present invention is that said single outputs of said plurality of random access memories are controlled from a same memory controller via a bus.
  • the present memory management method does not require synchronization as would be necessary when distinct controllers would have to be used.
  • Yet another feature of the present invention is that said method further includes the step of providing within said video signal a spread mode indicator indicating the number M of said plurality of memories.
  • the present video server memory management method is used to store the video signal VS in and retrieve it from the memories of the video server described in detail in the co-pending European Patent Application of even date and entitled "Video server” (Voeten 5).
  • the digital video signal VS of Fig. 1 is obtained from a so called MPEG bitstream, i.e. a bitstream obtained by applying the coding method proposed by the Moving Pictures Expert Group MPEG and standardized by the International Standards Organisation ISO.
  • This coding method aims at a transmission rate of up to about 1.5 Mbit/s but can also be used for coding rates such as 4 Mbit/s, which can already be achieved with state of the art technology.
  • the MPEG-coded bitstream is further coded according to a proprietary code, e.g. a Reed-Solomon code.
  • An ATM Adaptation Layer byte AAL together with each set of 47 consecutive bytes B2-48 of this coded bitstream constitutes the payload DC of a data packet DP which further includes timing information TI consisting of a time stamp TS and a transfer next block bit TNB.
  • a number R of data packets DP1, .., DPR constitute a block BL and a number Q of these blocks BL1, .., BLQ together with a segment header SH form a segment SE.
  • a video signal VS consists of a number P of segments SE1, .., SEP, the latter number P being a function of the length of the video signal VS.
  • each segment SE of such a video signal VS is stored within a set of hard disks such as HD1-4 or HD11-22 according to a memory management method described in more detail below.
  • the video signal VS is retrieved from the hard disks HD1-4/HD11-22 on a block by block basis and each block BL therefore has a length of e.g. 256 Kbyte, this length being inferior to the size of the cache buffer (not shown) of these hard disks, typically 1 Mbyte.
  • These outputs O1-4 are all connected to a bus SCSI according to the well known Small Computer Standard Interface SCSI-2 and this bus SCSIC is also connected to an individual memory controller SCSI specifically designed for controlling memory devices coupled to the bus SCSI and known as such.
  • the latter controller controls the retrieval of data from the hard disks HD1-4 and reacts to commands which are generated in the way described in the above European Patent Application.
  • maximally 7 hard disks may be connected to a same bus SCSI.
  • the video server management method then consists in distributing the blocks BL of which BL1-12 of a particular segment SE are shown in Fig. 2 over the M hard disks HD1-4 in the way described hereafter.
  • Fig. 2 shows the sequence in which these blocks will normally be displayed, i.e. BL1, BL2, BL3, ...
  • the first block BL1 is stored in HD1, the second BL2 in HD2, the third BL3 in HD3, the fourth BL4 in HD4, the fifth BL5 in HD1 and so on until the last block of a segment SE is reached.
  • Fig. 2 shows the result of this method for the twelve blocks BL1-12.
  • this segment header SH includes a spread mode indicator providing the number M and possibly the identities of the hard disks HD1-4 over which the video signal VS is so distributed.
  • the same management method can be used to distribute the blocks BL1-Q of a segment SE over distinct parts of a hard disk with multiple parallel heads such as described in the article by W. Sincoskie, each of the parallel heads corresponding to one of the outputs O1-4 and a controller similar to SCSIC being provided within the hard disk itself. It is also to be noted that the method may also be applied by distributing the Q blocks BL1-Q over hard disks such as HD1-4 but coupled to distinct controllers such as SCSIC. In this way the distribution can be made over more than 7 hard disks which allows a possible further service improvement permitting the full video signal VS and not only a portion or segment SE thereof to be stored in the above way. In the latter case the retrieval process of the distinct controllers such as SCSIC involved needs to be synchronized by a control structure as for instance disclosed in the above mentioned European Patent Application.
  • Fig. 3 represents a more detailed way, taking into account the physical structure of the random access memories, of storing the video signal VS on two hard disks HD11-22 and more particularly of storing the blocks BL1-Q of the video signal VS in specific memory locations of these two disks. This feature allows an increase in the retrieval rate of the video signal VS in case a user station cannot modify the sequence with which the Q blocks BL1-Q are retrieved.
  • Fig. 3 shematically represents the memory locations on the surfaces of the two hard disks HD11-22 wherein the blocks BL1-6 are stored, as well as well as an arrow for each disk HD11-22 indicating the direction in which consecutive further blocks of the sequence are to be stored.
  • the hard disks HD11-22 are characterized by a maximum sustainable transfer rate of 20 Mbit/sec corresponding to the transfer rate of the innermost cylinder, i.e. the cylinder closest to the centre of the disk. For intermediate cylinders the transfer rate increases in a substantially linear way to reach the maximum transfer rate of the disk corresponding to the transfer rate of 40 Mbit/s of the outermost cylinder, i.e. of the cylinder closest to the edge of the disk.
  • the odd numbered blocks BL1, BL2, BL3, ... are stored in successive cylinders of hard disk HD11 whilst the even numbered blocks BL2, BL4, BL6, ... are stored in successive cylinders of hard disk HD22. More particularly and as shown in Fig. 3, BL1 is stored in the outermost cylinder of HD11 whilst the further blocks BL3, BL5, ... are stored in cylinders indicated by the arrow which are closer and closer to the centre of the hard disk HD11 until eventually a last block of the above series of odd blocks is stored in the innermost cylinder of HD11. On the contrary, in HD22 the first block BL2 of the sequence BL2, BL4, BL6, ...
  • a controller such as SCSIC alternately retrieves a block with relatively high transfer rate, i.e. higher than the average transfer rate provided by the middle cylinder, and a block with relatively low transfer rate, i.e. lower than the above average rate. It can then be seen that the average sustainable transfer rate in retrieving the blocks from the hard disks HDA11 and HDA22 is substantially equal to the mentioned average rate which in the present example is 30 Mbit/s.
  • each hard disk comprises a plurality, i.e. typically 10 to 20, surfaces on which data may be stored and that each cylinder, certainly if this cylinder comprises a plurality of tracks on distinct surfaces, may be used to store a large number of distinct blocks BL with a length of 256 Kbyte.
  • the application of the principle shown in Fig. 1 to a hard disk with a more realistic structure is however straightforward and well within the capabilities of a person skilled in the art and is therefore not discussed in any more detail here.
  • the numerical values given above are also applicable to such more realistic structures for the hard disks HD11-22.
  • the sequence which corresponds to the block interleaving scheme discussed in the mentioned article by W. Sincoskie may be used.
  • This sequence allows a large number of so called “phases” to be produced at a high retrieval rate as the hard disk may be read in a continuous way so avoiding a reduction of the retrieval rate due to the repeated repositioning of the read head of the hard disks.
  • the present video server memory management method allows to produce 1.5 times as many "phases" per hard disk HD11-22 thanks to the above described increase in the sustainable transfer rate since the number of "phases" with the known method has to be dimensioned for the the maximum sustainable transfer rate or the transfer rate of the innermost cylinders which is only 20 Mbit/s.
EP93870086A 1993-05-19 1993-05-19 Méthode de gestion de mémoire pour un serveur vidéo Expired - Lifetime EP0625858B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP93870086A EP0625858B1 (fr) 1993-05-19 1993-05-19 Méthode de gestion de mémoire pour un serveur vidéo
DE69319329T DE69319329T2 (de) 1993-05-19 1993-05-19 Verfahren zur Speicherverwaltung eines Videoservers
ES93870086T ES2118217T3 (es) 1993-05-19 1993-05-19 Metodo de gestion de memoria de servidores de video.
AU61927/94A AU674064B2 (en) 1993-05-19 1994-05-06 Video server memory management
CA002123761A CA2123761A1 (fr) 1993-05-19 1994-05-17 Methode de gestion de memoire de serveur video
US08/246,182 US5553005A (en) 1993-05-19 1994-05-19 Video server memory management method
JP10579494A JP3604724B2 (ja) 1993-05-19 1994-05-19 ビデオサーバメモリ管理方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP93870086A EP0625858B1 (fr) 1993-05-19 1993-05-19 Méthode de gestion de mémoire pour un serveur vidéo

Publications (2)

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EP0625858A1 true EP0625858A1 (fr) 1994-11-23
EP0625858B1 EP0625858B1 (fr) 1998-06-24

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EP93870086A Expired - Lifetime EP0625858B1 (fr) 1993-05-19 1993-05-19 Méthode de gestion de mémoire pour un serveur vidéo

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US5553005A (fr)
EP (1) EP0625858B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3604724B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU674064B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2123761A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69319329T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2118217T3 (fr)

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EP0817490A2 (fr) * 1996-07-04 1998-01-07 Nec Corporation Système de contrÔle de commande d'entrée et méthode de fonctionnement
EP0817490A3 (fr) * 1996-07-04 2004-07-07 Nec Corporation Système de contrôle de commande d'entrée et méthode de fonctionnement
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EP0625858B1 (fr) 1998-06-24
DE69319329D1 (de) 1998-07-30
US5553005A (en) 1996-09-03
AU674064B2 (en) 1996-12-05
ES2118217T3 (es) 1998-09-16
DE69319329T2 (de) 1998-10-29
JPH07154726A (ja) 1995-06-16
AU6192794A (en) 1994-11-24
JP3604724B2 (ja) 2004-12-22
CA2123761A1 (fr) 1994-11-20

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