EP0620045B1 - Elektrostatische Sprühvorrichtung - Google Patents

Elektrostatische Sprühvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0620045B1
EP0620045B1 EP94102449A EP94102449A EP0620045B1 EP 0620045 B1 EP0620045 B1 EP 0620045B1 EP 94102449 A EP94102449 A EP 94102449A EP 94102449 A EP94102449 A EP 94102449A EP 0620045 B1 EP0620045 B1 EP 0620045B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
counter
spray
powder
charging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94102449A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0620045A1 (de
Inventor
Eugen Thomas Bühlmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gema Switzerland GmbH
Original Assignee
Gema Switzerland GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gema Switzerland GmbH filed Critical Gema Switzerland GmbH
Publication of EP0620045A1 publication Critical patent/EP0620045A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0620045B1 publication Critical patent/EP0620045B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
    • B05B5/0533—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes
    • B05B5/0535—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes at least two electrodes having different potentials being held on the discharge apparatus, one of them being a charging electrode of the corona type located in the spray or close to it, and another being of the non-corona type located outside of the path for the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/03—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying
    • B05B5/032—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying for spraying particulate materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/053—Arrangements for supplying power, e.g. charging power
    • B05B5/0533—Electrodes specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic Spray device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention is suitable for powdered Coating material such as Plastic powder or enamel powder.
  • An electrostatic spray device of this type is known from US-A-4,774,102. With her is as Counter clamp provided a clamp on the front end portion of a sprayer can be put on. According to another Embodiment from this document acts Do not clamp yourself as an electrode, but it carries a over sticking rods annular electrode or needle electrodes. In In all cases, the clamp is schematic over one shown, not described electrical Line connected to earth potential.
  • Electrodes are used for this, in the following charging electrodes called which to an electrical High voltage in the range between 40 KV and 140 KV are connected.
  • the objects to be coated have a different electrical potential, preferably Earth potential.
  • the atomized powder particles move along electric field lines that pass through the high voltage between the charging electrode and the object to be coated are generated. After yourself a thin layer on the object to be coated made of powder, this layer bumps through their electrical charge coming off powder particles because they are electrostatically charged in the same way. This means that only one can be used in one operation Layer thickness generated on the object to be coated will.
  • the electrostatic attraction of the material to be coated The object is at corners and edges as well as at openings this object differently than on even larger ones Surfaces. Usually corners and edges get worse or less coated than adjacent ones larger areas.
  • the powder particles fly under the influence of the electrostatic field around the Outer peripheral edges and around the edges of openings of the coating object around and are then as a result the electrostatic attraction of the object pulled on the back, so that here too Back of the object to be coated coated becomes. This can be referred to as "electrical wrap" will.
  • the object of the invention is to be achieved Create means by which one or more Counter electrodes inexpensive and with little space requirement Spray devices can be provided and in particular also commercially available spray devices subsequently (retro-fit) with at least one Counter electrode can be provided. This means and the counter electrode is said to be easy to handle Do not interfere with the spray device.
  • the spray device shown in Figures 1 and 2 or spray gun 2 for electrostatic Spray coating objects 4 or 6 has a spray body 3 with an inlet 8 for pneumatic promoted coating powder, an outlet 10 to Atomize or spray the powder onto you Item 4 or 6, and at least one axially in Powder stream lying charging electrode 12.
  • the Charging electrode 12 is located in outlet 10 or in close proximity upstream or downstream of the Outlet 10 and is at one High voltage generator 16 connected, which one electrical output voltage in the range between 40 KV and generated 140 KV.
  • the high voltage generator 16 can according to the drawings within the housing 18th the spray gun 2 or be arranged externally. Both embodiments are known. Of the High voltage generator 16 of FIGS.
  • the spray gun 2 shown is on one Machine part or a robot 22 one Spray coating system attached. Instead, could they also have a handle and a hand-held spray gun be used.
  • the object 4 or 6 to be coated becomes usually from a transport device, which is not shown, worn and by a Spray coating cabin transported through.
  • the Transport device is grounded, so that of her worn item 4 or 6 by the Transport device is grounded.
  • the electrical high voltage creates electrical Field lines 24, which from the tip 26 of the Charging electrode 12 to be coated Item 4 or 6 run.
  • the outlet 10 sprayed powder particles move along these Field lines 24 on the object to be coated 4 or 6. They also penetrate into recesses 28 of the coating object and through openings 30 through this object. This will get the Particles due to the "electrical wrap-around effect" in Edge areas of the object also on its back 32, as shown in FIG. 1 by the opening edge 34 "Comprehensive" field lines 36 is shown.
  • protruding edges 38 or corners result from electrostatic interactions a stronger one Layer thickness than on raised areas 40 or larger flat surfaces 42 of the object 4 to be coated.
  • the sprayed powder has seen the in longitudinal section Shape of a particle cloud, as shown in Figures 1 and 2 is represented by the field lines 24.
  • the counter electrode 44 is coaxial with the charging electrode 12 arranged annular counter electrode 44, which a different electrical potential than the charging electrode 12 and serves to suck free ions, which are associated with electrostatic charging of the powder be generated.
  • the counter electrode 44 also pulls some electrons. This ion current and its path from the charging electrode 12 to the counter electrode 44 is with the reference numeral 46 denotes.
  • the counter electrode 44 can at a higher or lower electrical potential lie than the charging electrode 12. Is preferred the counter electrode 44 is connected to ground potential 20.
  • the counter electrode 44 is preferably in accordance with FIG. 1 against the flow direction 48 of the powder upstream of the tip 26 of the charging electrode 12 arranged coaxially to her, and thus outside and upstream of the electric field lines 24 corresponding powder cloud.
  • the outer surface 50 of the powder cloud which the electric field lines 24 in size and shape is not a sharp cloud boundary, but a diffuse transition between areas even particle distribution and the surrounding The atmosphere.
  • Outer surface 50 of the powder cloud the area understood where the particles are no longer targeted Field lines 24 on the object to be coated 4 or 6 fly, but vagabond out of the field line area.
  • the distance “d” between the Counter electrode 44 and charging electrode 12, between the counter electrode 44 and the tip 26 of the Charging electrode 12, and between the counter electrode 44 and the outer surface 50 of the powder cloud should be smaller than the distance "D" between the tip 26 the charging electrode 12 and the one to be coated Item 4 or 6.
  • the distance is “d” between the tip 26 of the charging electrode 12 and the Counter electrode 44 only a third to half of that Distance "D” between the tip 26 of the Charging electrode 12 and the one to be coated Item 4 or 6.
  • a compressed air nozzle assembly 52 blows air over the Counter electrode 44 or in the space between Counter electrode 44 and charging electrode 12 to a Coating the counter electrode 44 with powder prevent. Compressed air is only needed if not otherwise coating the counter electrode 44 can be prevented.
  • the counter electrode 44 is preferably provided by the housing 18 the spray gun 2 worn.
  • a charging electrode 12 or one Counterelectrode 44 can also each have a plurality of electrodes to be available.
  • Fig. 2 Spray gun 2 is identical to that of Fig. 1, with Exception of at least one counter electrode 64, which in the embodiment shown in FIG is needle-shaped wire electrode. It will be coaxial from Compressed air 66 washed and thereby by Keep coating material clear. Are preferred several coaxial to the charging electrode 12 Counter electrodes 64 arranged. These counter electrodes 64 are preferably the same circumferential distance from each other arranged around the charging electrode 12. In Fig. 2 are parts which correspond to parts of Fig. 1 with provided with the same reference numbers.
  • means 68 for axial or / and radial positioning of the counter electrode 44 or 64 be provided relative to the charging electrode 12.
  • At least one charging electrode 12 which corresponding to Figures 1 and 2 an axial Can be needle electrode, or in the form of a A variety of such or other electrodes are available can be under high electrical voltage Electrons released. Near the high electric field 24 of the charging electrode 12 a small part (approx. 1% to 5%) of the electrons on the Coating material, in the present case powder, loaded. The rest fly to the closest one grounded point, for example about 80% towards the coating article 4 or 6, about 10% on the Walls of the cabin in which the objects are coated and about 5% to 20% of the downstream End of the spray gun, depending on the distance between the Charging electrode 12 and the one to be coated Item 4 or 6.
  • the electrostatically charged powder finds its way onto the object to be coated 4 or 6 and stays there for the most part.
  • the powder forms an electrical on the object insulating layer.
  • Form the excess electrons along with the powder on the surface of the Item 4 or 6 an increased electrical charge and repel powder particles arriving later.
  • On the Surface of the object 4 or 6 arises electrostatically unstable balance of power.
  • This Mechanism leaves one on the surface "Hilly landscape", which after burning in the layer is called “orange peel”.
  • the free ions in the air between the charging electrode 12 and coating object 4 or 6 move with a very high speed of over 100 m / s. you follow the stronger electrostatic field in question, the is called the electrostatic forces.
  • the electrostatic charged powder particles are subject to kinematic Flow forces as they are in a gas stream or air stream be transported.
  • the speed of movement of the Powder particles are much smaller than those of the ions and is only about 10 to 15 m / s. This means, that the ions are independent of the powder particles move.
  • the free Ions are attracted to and out of the counter electrode 44 or 64 derived from the powder stream.
  • the counter electrode must be in be close to the charging electrode.
  • the distance “d" between the charging electrode 12 and the Counter electrode 44 or 64 is preferably approximately one Third to half the distance “D" between the Counter electrode and the object to be coated 4 or 6. If the distance "d” is greater, the loses Counter electrode their effect; the free electrons and Ions become stronger from the object to be coated 4 or 6 attracted as from the counter electrode 44 or 64. If the distance "d” is smaller, the flow is too large electric current between the charging electrode and the counter electrode, causing the high voltage electrical at the tip 26 of the charging electrode and thus that electrostatic necessary to charge the powder Field 24 is reduced.
  • the Counter electrode 44 or 64 causes an increased electrical current flow at the tip 26 of the Charging electrode 12. This causes the Charging electrode 12 much more free ions or Electrons for electrostatically charging the powder on Outlet 10 of the device 2 generated and are then available electrostatic charge available. The This causes electrostatic charging of the powder significantly improved. It will also make the Application efficiency of the powder to the coating object 4 or 6 significantly improved.
  • the counter electrode 44 or 64 conducts the essential Part of the ions, about 60 to 80% off. Towards the coating object 4 or 6 only fly the charged powder particles, namely only 2% to 8% of the total electrical current. So one succeeds Separation of the unwanted free ions from the powder stream. The ion space charge still exists here, however the flow of free ions concentrates on the Counter electrode 44 or 64.
  • the Faraday effect is very strong on the counter electrode, but only very small on the object 4 or 6 to be coated electrostatically charged powder particles penetrate through it better in depressions and grooves of the object 4 or 6 a.
  • the "electrostatic wrap" is also better. On the surface of the object 4 or 6 does not arise Accumulation of free ions.
  • the electrostatic forces are 4 or 6 on the surface of the object much smaller. There is no unstable condition on the surface. The formation of an orange peel is inhibited. It can be a much thicker powder layer on item 4 or 6 in one Spraying process can be applied. Because of the danger that the counter electrode 44 or 64 from the electrostatic charged powder is also coated, it is expediently the counterelectrode 44 or 64 with compressed air do the washing up. To avoid coating the Counter electrode 44 or 64, it is useful if they is arranged outside the powder stream, being preferably with respect to the downstream tip 26 the charging electrode 12 upstream reset is, and not between the charging electrode 12 and the Coating object 4 or 6 is arranged.
  • the electrical current at the charging electrode is at Use a counter electrode 44 or 64 higher. Of the Current rose in experiments of approximately 70 ⁇ A about 100 ⁇ A. .
  • the powder cloud forms one electrical resistance and favors the flow of ions to the Counter electrode 44 or 64.
  • the electrostatic shown in Figs. 3 and 4 Spray device 2 consists essentially of a tubular spray body 3, at its downstream end a slot nozzle 70 for atomizing the pneumatically conveyed powder is attached. Within the Spray nozzle 70 or the spray body 3 is located at least one charging electrode 12 for electrostatic charging of the powder. On the downstream section 72 of the spray body 3 which the spray nozzle 70 is attached to is a annular body 74 plugged, which one Counter electrode forms and / or several needle-like Counter electrodes 76 which protrude from it. The Counter electrodes 74 and 76 are connected to an electrical one Potential, preferably connected to earth potential, which is different from the electrical potential of the Charging electrode 12.
  • the annular body 74 is at downstream end of a connecting web 78 attached, which is axially parallel to the spray body 3rd extends and with its upstream end 80 in inserted a holder 22 and there by a screw axially positioned with a knurled screw head 84 is.
  • FIG. 4 shows the spray device 2 from FIG. 3 with removed counter-electrode device 86, with Arrows 88 the direction of movement for attaching the annular body 74 on the downstream portion 72 is shown. Furthermore, the arrow 90 Direction of insertion for the screw 84 in a Threaded bore 91 shown in the holder 22.
  • Fig. 4 shows an earth potential connection 20.
  • the earth potential connection 20 can be connected directly to the connecting web 78 be when he and the annular body 74 out consist of electrically conductive material. If at least the connecting web 78 made of electrically insulating Material is, is a ground potential terminal 20th electrical connecting to the counter electrodes 76 Line 73 provided which is through the Connecting web 78 and the annular body 74 extends.
  • the annular body 74 consists of electrically conductive material when used as a counter electrode works. If it should not act as a counter electrode, it can he consist of electrically insulating material. Of the Earth potential connection 20 can be formed by the carrier 22 if it is made of electrically conductive material.
  • 5 is a pistol-shaped electrostatic Spray device 2 shown. Near the upstream end 94 of its spray body 3 is the Provide the spray body with a handle 95. The upstream end 80 of the connecting web 78 and the Screw 84 are located immediately above the handle 95 on the spray body 3. This can the electrical Ground line 73 on the handle 95 or through it to Earth potential connection 20 are performed. This has the Advantage that the material focus of the Spray device 2 in or near the handle 95 so that the pistol is held without fatigue is possible.
  • 5 is the charging electrode 12 shown as an axial electrode, while in Fig. 3rd and 4 it was assumed that several needle-like Charging electrodes 12 distributed around the powder path are arranged.
  • the annular body is 74 preferably relative to different axial positions adjustable to spray body 3. In all cases the annular body 74 when it is as Counter electrode acts or carries counter electrodes 76, upstream of the tip 26 of the charging electrode 12.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
EP94102449A 1993-04-15 1994-02-18 Elektrostatische Sprühvorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0620045B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4312262A DE4312262A1 (de) 1993-04-15 1993-04-15 Elektrostatische Sprühvorrichtung
DE4312262 1993-04-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0620045A1 EP0620045A1 (de) 1994-10-19
EP0620045B1 true EP0620045B1 (de) 1998-07-29

Family

ID=6485501

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94102449A Expired - Lifetime EP0620045B1 (de) 1993-04-15 1994-02-18 Elektrostatische Sprühvorrichtung

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5584931A (es)
EP (1) EP0620045B1 (es)
CN (1) CN1072527C (es)
AT (1) ATE168903T1 (es)
DE (2) DE4312262A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2118991T3 (es)
TW (1) TW258672B (es)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101878070B (zh) * 2007-11-30 2012-11-21 Abb株式会社 静电涂装装置

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JP6485951B2 (ja) * 2015-03-20 2019-03-20 アネスト岩田株式会社 静電噴霧装置の流量調整方法、及び、その流量調整のできる静電噴霧装置
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101878070B (zh) * 2007-11-30 2012-11-21 Abb株式会社 静电涂装装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2118991T3 (es) 1998-10-01
DE59406528D1 (de) 1998-09-03
CN1072527C (zh) 2001-10-10
DE4312262A1 (de) 1994-10-20
ATE168903T1 (de) 1998-08-15
EP0620045A1 (de) 1994-10-19
US5584931A (en) 1996-12-17
CN1101305A (zh) 1995-04-12
TW258672B (es) 1995-10-01

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