EP0619260A1 - Verfahren zum Herstellen von konischen Wickeln fadenförmigen Gutes sowie damit erhältliche Wickel - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Herstellen von konischen Wickeln fadenförmigen Gutes sowie damit erhältliche Wickel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0619260A1 EP0619260A1 EP94400745A EP94400745A EP0619260A1 EP 0619260 A1 EP0619260 A1 EP 0619260A1 EP 94400745 A EP94400745 A EP 94400745A EP 94400745 A EP94400745 A EP 94400745A EP 0619260 A1 EP0619260 A1 EP 0619260A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- speed
- wire
- winding
- spindle
- thread guide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H54/00—Winding, coiling, or depositing filamentary material
- B65H54/02—Winding and traversing material on to reels, bobbins, tubes, or like package cores or formers
- B65H54/10—Winding and traversing material on to reels, bobbins, tubes, or like package cores or formers for making packages of specified shapes or on specified types of bobbins, tubes, cores, or formers
- B65H54/103—Winding and traversing material on to reels, bobbins, tubes, or like package cores or formers for making packages of specified shapes or on specified types of bobbins, tubes, cores, or formers forming frusto-conical packages or forming packages on frusto-conical bobbins, tubes, cores or formers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H54/00—Winding, coiling, or depositing filamentary material
- B65H54/02—Winding and traversing material on to reels, bobbins, tubes, or like package cores or formers
- B65H54/28—Traversing devices; Package-shaping arrangements
- B65H54/2884—Microprocessor-controlled traversing devices in so far the control is not special to one of the traversing devices of groups B65H54/2803 - B65H54/325 or group B65H54/38
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H55/00—Wound packages of filamentary material
- B65H55/04—Wound packages of filamentary material characterised by method of winding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
- B65H2701/30—Handled filamentary material
- B65H2701/31—Textiles threads or artificial strands of filaments
- B65H2701/312—Fibreglass strands
- B65H2701/3122—Fibreglass strands extruded from spinnerets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S242/00—Winding, tensioning, or guiding
- Y10S242/92—Glass strand winding
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the manufacture of windings of glass wire wound at constant speed, and being in the form of frustoconical windings.
- Wire windings are a common means of temporarily storing said wire which may be in different forms: single wire having a twist, plied yarns, etc. They are later used to supply yarn to textile machines operating at high speed. The wire must then be able to be easily extracted therefrom, avoiding any friction which could cause a break. In this area, frustoconical windings have a particular advantage compared to other forms of windings. In fact, the wire, drawn along the axis of the winding in the direction of its smallest diameter, therefore deviates immediately from the side of the coil as soon as a turn is detached from it. The risk that a turn is retained by an adjacent turn or that the wire comes to rub on the side of the winding is very low.
- Some of the known solutions have the object of keeping the winding speed of the wire substantially constant despite the continuous variation in diameter of the support on which it is deposited. For this it is necessary to vary the speed of rotation of the support so that the wire constantly meets a surface whose peripheral speed is substantially constant.
- the support being rotated by motor rollers this maintenance of the peripheral speed can only be obtained by alternating braking and rapid acceleration of said rollers.
- Another difficulty is to prevent the pressure, which the motor rollers necessarily exert on the spool, from damaging the wire. This is all the more difficult to avoid when the wire is sensitive to friction by its very nature; this is particularly the case with glass strands.
- This patent describes a process which makes it possible to produce a frustoconical winding on a cylindrical support provided with a straight flank at each of its ends. This result is achieved by a concomitant variation in the speed of the wire guide and the speed of rotation of the spindle carrying the support.
- the variation of the spindle speed is caused by the variation of the motor torque, itself caused by the variation of the tension of the wire during its winding.
- This process has a certain inertia and is only applicable to wires whose mechanical behavior makes it possible to absorb voltage variations, such as metallic wires, but it is not applicable to wires which do not have this capacity to absorb such voltage variations as glass strands.
- the present invention relates to a method for directly obtaining, from a die from which are drawn continuous glass filaments gathered in the form of a wire, a frustoconical winding of said wire.
- the subject of the present invention is in particular a method which allows a frustoconical winding to be obtained directly, whether the support on which the wire is wound is cylindrical or frustoconical.
- the objects of the invention are achieved by a method according to which continuous glass filaments are drawn mechanically from a multiplicity of molten glass filaments flowing from the orifices of a die, then are coated with '' a size and gathered in a thread which is driven by a stretching device, and which consists, downstream of this device, in passing said thread at the end of the arm of a dancer roller and then winding it on a support fixed by one of its ends to a spindle with a rotational movement and to distribute the quantity of wire deposited on said support using a wire guide moving in a back-and-forth movement comes parallel to the axis of said support so as to obtain a frustoconical winding over at least part of its height, by assigning a constant value to the speed of rotation of the drawing device, by programming the speed of movement of the wire guide and the length of s we travel, by permanently measuring the difference between the constant wire drawing speed and its winding speed thanks to the movement of the dancer roller arm and by controlling the spindle
- the spindle speed can be controlled or controlled in different ways. Thus, it can be slaved in real time to the movement of the arm carrying the dancer roller using a regulator with PID action, connected to the motor of said spindle via a frequency converter.
- It can also be slaved to the movement of the arm carrying the dancer roller using a PID action regulator whose regulation parameters are programmed by a PLC, said regulator being connected to the spindle motor by means of a frequency converter.
- the spindle rotation speed can be controlled, by means of a frequency converter, by a programmed automaton, said command being corrected after comparison with the signals transmitted to the automaton by the arm of the dancer roller during the deposition of the layers n-1; n-2 ... n-p.
- the speed of movement of the wire guide for the deposition of each layer of wire can vary between at least two extreme values from the start to the end of the winding operation.
- the speed of the wire guide can vary, for example, between two extreme values v1 and v2 for each layer deposited from the start of the winding operation to a predetermined layer “n”. For layers n + 1; n + 2, ... until the end of the winding operation the speed of the thread guide can remain constant between its cusp points.
- the variation in the speed of the wire guide and the concomitant variation in the speed of rotation of the spindle thus makes it possible to vary the length of wire deposited on any portion of the surface of the winding, considered for at least part of the winding operation and comprised between two parallel planes one centimeter apart and perpendicular to the axis of said winding, for all or part of the layers of wire, according to the frustoconical shape desired for the final winding.
- the length of wire deposited on the surface portion defined above will be called “length of wire by centimeter ”in the rest of the description.
- the wire can be wound on a cylindrical support as well as on a frustoconical support.
- This support may include at one of its ends a straight flank or a flank of frustoconical shape.
- the speed of the thread guide can remain constant between its turning points from the start to the end of the winding operation.
- the wire is wound on a frustoconical support.
- a frustoconical winding by depositing superimposed layers of a wire on a cylindrical support, formed of internal layers deposited at the start of the winding operation in which the length of wire deposited per centimeter varies from top to bottom of the winding and from outer layers with a constant length of deposited wire.
- the height of the layers of wire of which the frustoconical winding is formed may decrease progressively from the first layers deposited on the support to the layer forming the periphery of said winding.
- a frustoconical winding can be obtained by depositing superimposed layers whose height decreases progressively from the first layers deposited on the chosen support winding up to the layer forming the periphery of the winding.
- the speed of the thread guide varies or remains constant between the turning points of said thread guide.
- the method according to the invention can be implemented in the context of an installation as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3.
- This installation comprises a die 21, shown diagrammatically, which is normally connected to a glass supply source.
- This source not shown in the figure, can be the front part of an oven which distributes the molten glass to several channels, similar to the channel 21, supplied by simple gravity.
- the die 21 can be supplied from cold glass, obtained and stored in the form of balls in a hopper disposed above the die.
- the die 21 is generally made of platinum-rhodium alloy and heated by the Joule effect. This die allows the glass to be remelted or kept at a temperature sufficient for a viscosity suitable for drawing it in the form of continuous filaments.
- the molten glass flows from a multiplicity of orifices, such as the nipples 22, and immediately drawn into a multiplicity of filaments 23, gathered here in a single sheet 24.
- the filaments thus obtained have an average diameter generally between 5 ⁇ m and 14 ⁇ m.
- This sheet 24 comes into contact with the device shown diagrammatically at 25, so that each filament 23 is coated with a size.
- This device 25 is permanently supplied with a size taken off by the filaments 23 which slide on its surface.
- the type of size deposited preferably consists essentially of a mixture of organic products. This avoids the inherent drying operation with the use of sizing in aqueous phase and the resulting drawbacks.
- the ply 24 converges towards the assembly device 26 where the different filaments are brought together to give rise to the wire 27.
- This device can consist of a simple grooved pulley or of a plate provided with a notch.
- the wire 27, after passing over a guide member 28 such as for example a grooved pulley, is driven at constant speed by the device 29. This speed is generally equal to or greater than 10 meters per second.
- This device illustrated schematically in Figure 3a, consists of a stretching wheel 30, driven by a motor not shown, which forms a capstan and a separator roller 31 freely rotating about its axis.
- the wire 27 then passes through the groove of a dancer roller 32 freely rotating about its axis fixed at the end of an arm 33.
- a device such as a spring 35, makes it possible to imposing a predetermined tension on the wire 27.
- the arm 33 pivots about its axis. This movement is immediately recorded by the device 36.
- the wire 27 is then wound using a wire guide such as the pulley 37.
- the pulley 37 moved back and forth and moving initially between the two positions p1 and p2, distributes the wire on a barrel 38 provided at its base with a straight flank 39. This support is fixed to a spindle 40 driven in rotation by a motor 41.
- An automatic machine imposes a constant speed on the motor of the stretching wheel 30, a condition which must be satisfied in order to obtain filaments 23 of constant diameter and therefore a wire 27 of constant titer.
- the automaton also imposes on the wire guide 37 the speed or speeds of movement which must be respected during the whole winding operation in order to obtain a winding of a determined structure, as well as the length of its stroke.
- the programming of this last characteristic makes it possible, for example, to progressively reduce the stroke of the thread guide at the start of the winding operation in order to obtain the conical shoulder as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the displacement or more precisely the rotation of the arm 33 of the dancer roller around its axis, caused by the appearance of a difference between the drawing speed and the wire winding speed, is transformed into an electrical signal by a potentiometer ( device 36).
- This signal is transmitted to a proportional and derivative proportional action regulator.
- the parameters of this regulator can be established by potentiometers or programmed by the PLC.
- the signal processed by the regulator is transmitted to a frequency converter which controls the motor 41 of pin 40.
- the rotation of the arm 33 of the dancer roller can also be recorded by an encoder placed on its axis in place of the previous potentiometer.
- the encoder signal is transmitted to the PLC. After calculation according to the programmed parameters, the information is transmitted to the frequency converter which consequently controls the motor 41.
- the previous regulation is a reactive regulation in real time according to the movement of the dancer roller. With more complex programming, it can be of the digital-predictive type with analog corrections.
- the automaton after calculation as a function of programmable parameters, transmits information to the variator which controls the motor 41. Any rotation of the arm of the dancer roller is then recorded by the encoder fixed on its axis. The signal supplied by the encoder is transmitted to the PLC. The PLC after calculation and correction transmits modified information to the drive, etc.
- FIGS 1 and 2 schematically illustrate two examples of glass wire windings obtained according to the invention.
- each of the layers deposited since the start of the winding operation presents a very significant variation in the length of wire deposited per centimeter from the top of the winding to its base .
- This is symbolized, in zone 13, by a series of layers whose thickness greatly increases from the top of the cylindrical barrel 11 to the right flank 12. This type of deposit is carried out until the frustoconical shape is obtained. desired for the final winding.
- the following layers can then have a constant length of deposited wire per centimeter over their entire height. This is symbolized by layers 14 of constant thickness. In reality the thickness of these layers is not strictly constant from the start to the end of the winding operation. We can observe a very slight difference in the taper of the winding due to its magnification.
- the winding 10 also has a conical shoulder.
- FIG. 2 illustrates another type of winding 16 produced on a frustoconical barrel 17 provided with a frustoconical flank 18.
- the layers deposited comprise a length of thread deposited per centimeter which remains constant over their entire height. This is symbolized by layers 19 of constant thickness.
- This winding also has a frustoconical shoulder 20.
- the annexed table gives, by way of examples, the characteristics and the manufacturing parameters of two kinds of frustoconical windings produced according to the invention. These windings were obtained from a 68 tex wire, formed from 408 glass filaments, with an average diameter of 9 micrometers, drawn at 2220 meters per minute.
- winding n ° 1 was carried out on a cylindrical barrel provided with a straight side; winding n ° 2 on a frustoconical barrel also provided with a straight flank. These two windings have a conical top.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Tension Adjustment In Filamentary Materials (AREA)
- Winding Filamentary Materials (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9304166A FR2703671B1 (fr) | 1993-04-08 | 1993-04-08 | Procede de fabrication de bobines tronconiques de fil et bobines en resultant. |
FR9304166 | 1993-04-08 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0619260A1 true EP0619260A1 (de) | 1994-10-12 |
EP0619260B1 EP0619260B1 (de) | 1998-07-08 |
Family
ID=9445882
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94400745A Expired - Lifetime EP0619260B1 (de) | 1993-04-08 | 1994-04-06 | Verfahren zum Herstellen von konischen Wickeln fadenförmigen Gutes sowie damit erhältliche Wickel |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5556045A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0619260B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE69411429T2 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2703671B1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000037347A1 (de) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-06-29 | Lfk-Lenkflugkörpersysteme Gmbh | Ausgabevorrichtung fur datenübertragungsleitungen und verfahren zur herstellung einer ausgabevorrichtung |
WO2002074674A1 (en) * | 2001-03-20 | 2002-09-26 | Mariella Crotti | Improved method for handling yarn intended for supplying circular hosiery and knitting machines |
CN109629020A (zh) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-16 | 河南光远新材料股份有限公司 | 一种电子纱拉丝设备的集束部件 |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2796631B1 (fr) * | 1999-07-22 | 2001-08-17 | Vetrotex France Sa | Procede de fabrication de bobines tronconiques de fil |
FR2809102B1 (fr) * | 2000-05-17 | 2003-03-21 | Vetrotex France Sa | Composition d'ensimage pour fils de verre, procede utilisant cette composition et produits resultants |
ES2200605A1 (es) * | 2000-07-21 | 2004-03-01 | Catingal S L | Bobina de alta capacidad con cabeza controladora de balon incorporada y sistema de plegado. |
US6705008B1 (en) * | 2000-09-29 | 2004-03-16 | Reliance Electric Technologies, Llc | System and method for sleeving a lead wire |
SI22124A (sl) * | 2006-12-07 | 2007-04-30 | Danilo Jaksic | Metoda precizijskega navijanja tekstilne preje na navitke z veckratnim spreminjanjem navijalnega razmerja znotraj enega ciklusa navijanja |
CN102992097A (zh) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-03-27 | 南通恒新金属工艺科技有限公司 | 钢丝收线装置 |
CN107010475B (zh) * | 2017-04-14 | 2019-11-19 | 山东阳谷电缆集团有限公司 | 一种用于电缆生产的紧密收线设备及其排线补线方法 |
CN112723011B (zh) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-06-07 | 浙江理工大学 | 一种大卷装塔型筒纱及其电子成型方法和装置 |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH238829A (de) * | 1944-04-14 | 1945-08-31 | Kusian Karl | Spule für axialen Fadenabzug. |
CH240770A (de) * | 1942-12-30 | 1946-01-31 | Schaerer Maschf | Einrichtung zur maschinellen Herstellung von Fadenwicklungen auf Scheibenspulen. |
US2858993A (en) * | 1953-12-31 | 1958-11-04 | Schaerer Maschf | Stroke control mechanism for reciprocating thread guides of winding machines |
US3218004A (en) * | 1962-09-25 | 1965-11-16 | Anaconda Wire & Cable Co | Coil forming apparatus |
NL7116816A (en) * | 1971-12-07 | 1973-06-12 | Glass fibre yarn package - special build on conical tube | |
DE2544337A1 (de) * | 1974-10-03 | 1976-07-15 | Joy Mfg Co | Einrichtung zur motorsteuerung |
JPS57189971A (en) * | 1981-05-19 | 1982-11-22 | Shinetsu Densen Kk | Method of and device for variable speed traverse |
US4546880A (en) * | 1983-06-02 | 1985-10-15 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Shippable package of glass fiber strands and process for making the package and continuous strand mat |
WO1992008664A1 (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 1992-05-29 | James Edward Freeman | Thread package building |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2593680A (en) * | 1950-02-11 | 1952-04-22 | Foster Machine Co | Winding machine |
US2764363A (en) * | 1950-09-13 | 1956-09-25 | Stammwitz Eugene | Traverse mechanism for spinning, twisting and like frames |
GB1038896A (en) * | 1964-03-11 | 1966-08-10 | British Nylon Spinners Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the winding of yarn |
DE1535051C3 (de) * | 1964-12-09 | 1975-04-03 | Zinser-Textilmaschinen Gmbh, 7333 Ebersbach | Steuervorrichtung an Spinn- und Zwirnmaschinen zum Steuern der Hubumkehr einer Ring- oder Spindelbank |
US3861609A (en) * | 1971-12-08 | 1975-01-21 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method of and apparatus for processing linear elements |
US3971517A (en) * | 1972-05-15 | 1976-07-27 | Teijin Limited | Apparatus for winding a yarn round a bobbin |
US3847579A (en) * | 1973-03-22 | 1974-11-12 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method of and apparatus for processing linear elements |
US4010908A (en) * | 1974-07-29 | 1977-03-08 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Method and apparatus for handling linear elements |
US4752043A (en) * | 1985-11-04 | 1988-06-21 | U.S. Holding Company, Inc. | Method of and apparatus for winding a precision optical fiber coil |
NL8600896A (nl) * | 1986-04-09 | 1987-11-02 | Bekaert Sa Nv | Conisch wikkelen van draad op een spoel. |
US5054705A (en) * | 1990-05-04 | 1991-10-08 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Reciprocating strand guide for split strand roving packages |
-
1993
- 1993-04-08 FR FR9304166A patent/FR2703671B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-04-06 EP EP94400745A patent/EP0619260B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-04-06 DE DE69411429T patent/DE69411429T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-04-07 US US08/224,531 patent/US5556045A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH240770A (de) * | 1942-12-30 | 1946-01-31 | Schaerer Maschf | Einrichtung zur maschinellen Herstellung von Fadenwicklungen auf Scheibenspulen. |
CH238829A (de) * | 1944-04-14 | 1945-08-31 | Kusian Karl | Spule für axialen Fadenabzug. |
US2858993A (en) * | 1953-12-31 | 1958-11-04 | Schaerer Maschf | Stroke control mechanism for reciprocating thread guides of winding machines |
US3218004A (en) * | 1962-09-25 | 1965-11-16 | Anaconda Wire & Cable Co | Coil forming apparatus |
NL7116816A (en) * | 1971-12-07 | 1973-06-12 | Glass fibre yarn package - special build on conical tube | |
DE2544337A1 (de) * | 1974-10-03 | 1976-07-15 | Joy Mfg Co | Einrichtung zur motorsteuerung |
JPS57189971A (en) * | 1981-05-19 | 1982-11-22 | Shinetsu Densen Kk | Method of and device for variable speed traverse |
US4546880A (en) * | 1983-06-02 | 1985-10-15 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Shippable package of glass fiber strands and process for making the package and continuous strand mat |
WO1992008664A1 (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 1992-05-29 | James Edward Freeman | Thread package building |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 7, no. 41 (M - 194)<1186> 18 February 1983 (1983-02-18) * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000037347A1 (de) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-06-29 | Lfk-Lenkflugkörpersysteme Gmbh | Ausgabevorrichtung fur datenübertragungsleitungen und verfahren zur herstellung einer ausgabevorrichtung |
US6669126B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2003-12-30 | Lfk-Lenkflugkorpersysteme Gmbh | Payout device for data transmission lines and method for the production of payout device |
WO2002074674A1 (en) * | 2001-03-20 | 2002-09-26 | Mariella Crotti | Improved method for handling yarn intended for supplying circular hosiery and knitting machines |
CN109629020A (zh) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-16 | 河南光远新材料股份有限公司 | 一种电子纱拉丝设备的集束部件 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2703671A1 (fr) | 1994-10-14 |
DE69411429D1 (de) | 1998-08-13 |
EP0619260B1 (de) | 1998-07-08 |
FR2703671B1 (fr) | 1995-06-09 |
US5556045A (en) | 1996-09-17 |
DE69411429T2 (de) | 1999-04-15 |
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