EP0493212A1 - Vorrichtung zum mehrdrahtigen Drahtziehen und mit Hilfe dieser Vorrichtung erhaltenes Kabel - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum mehrdrahtigen Drahtziehen und mit Hilfe dieser Vorrichtung erhaltenes Kabel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0493212A1
EP0493212A1 EP91403462A EP91403462A EP0493212A1 EP 0493212 A1 EP0493212 A1 EP 0493212A1 EP 91403462 A EP91403462 A EP 91403462A EP 91403462 A EP91403462 A EP 91403462A EP 0493212 A1 EP0493212 A1 EP 0493212A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wire
machines
wires
wick
machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91403462A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Albert Joye
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Essex SAS
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Essex SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0493212A1 publication Critical patent/EP0493212A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B3/00—General-purpose machines or apparatus for producing twisted ropes or cables from component strands of the same or different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
    • B21C1/02—Drawing metal wire or like flexible metallic material by drawing machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
    • B21C1/02—Drawing metal wire or like flexible metallic material by drawing machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by drums
    • B21C1/12—Regulating or controlling speed of drawing drums, e.g. to influence tension; Drives; Stop or relief mechanisms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multi-wire drawing device, for producing wicks of metal wires intended in particular for the manufacture of braids, strands, or twists.
  • Current multi-wire drawing machines can draw up to 24 wires in parallel.
  • Some of these machines include a drawing block made up of several drawing lines (depending on the number of wires to be drawn). Each line contains a series of dies interspersed with stepped cones secured to a common tree. Each wire follows a drawing line and passes from one die to another by means of a stepped cone. Its section gradually decreases by passing from one sector to another. All the wires constituting a wick are then directed onto a regulating jig and then onto a winder by means of a deflection pulley.
  • the puppet makes it possible to regulate the drawing speed and to regulate the traction of the wick; such multi-wire machines can draw up to ten wires in parallel.
  • multi-wire machines different from those just described include ribbed draft capstans instead of stepped cones. This makes it possible to draw several wires on the same line, the wires being side by side on the capstans and passing through multiple dies. This type of multi-wire machine allows drawing up to 24 wires at a time.
  • the final diameter of the wires obtained with multi-wire machines is between 0.05 and 0.5mm.
  • the maximum yield obtained in multi-wire is of the order of 50%; for diameters between 0.20 and 0.50mm (thick wires), always in multi-wire, it is at most 65%.
  • Single wire machines have an efficiency of around 80%. This is due to problems with the breakage of the wires. Indeed, during the breakage of a monofilament yarn, re-threading is carried out easily and quickly (in about a quarter of an hour). On the other hand, the breakage of a multifilament wire requires to stop the drawing for at least one hour, and moreover, the re-threading is very laborious and difficult. This explains the low yield obtained in multi-wire, in particular for fine wires which break more easily. In addition, in the case of ribbed capstan machines, the breakage of one thread can cause the breakage of other threads, which again implies a reduction in output.
  • the speeds are limited in multi-wire; in practice, the maximum speed is around 30ms ⁇ 1, and 15ms ⁇ 1 in particular for fine wires, while reaching 35 to 50ms ⁇ 1 in single wire. This is also due to the breakage of the wires. The higher the speed, the greater the risk of breakage. This problem is accentuated in multifilaire where the breakage of a wire can, as we saw above, lead to the breakage of other wires.
  • multi-wire machines are not very flexible. They are designed to draw a given number of wires with the possibility of reducing this number in a very limited interval (in practice, the composition of the wick can be reduced by a maximum of 3 to 4 wires). Therefore, even if it is possible to vary the composition of the wick, it is better not to reduce the number of yarns produced too much, as this still results in a reduction in the yield. In particular, these machines never produce one thread at a time.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to produce a multi-wire machine having a yield and a speed close to that of single-wire machines.
  • it aims to overcome the problems of non-homogeneity of traction and oxidation of the son encountered with multi-wire machines.
  • it offers a flexible solution that can be used either as a single-strand or a multi-strand with variable strand composition, without any drop in yield.
  • the present invention provides for this purpose a multi-wire drawing device, for the manufacture of a wick of metal wires, comprising a wire drawing line per wire of said wick, means for regulating the drawing speed and the traction of said wires. , then means for coupling each of said drawn wires separately, in order to form said wick, and finally, means for uniformly distributing said wick on a main winder, characterized in that each of said drawing lines consists of a machine wire drawing machine comprising a wire drawing block, means, specific to said machine, for regulating the wire drawing speed and the traction of the wire drawn by said machine and a winding machine, and said single wire machines each further comprising a means of coupling of each of said wires drawn separately at a regulated speed and traction to the other wires in order to constitute said core he gradually rewinding uniformly on said main winder.
  • the monofilament machines are placed one after the other, and called first to last machines; the first wire drawn separately and coming from the first machine is sent, thanks to the coupling means of the first, on the coupling means of the second machine, this coupling means therefore recovering the first wire and the second drawn wire separately from the second machine, and so on up to the coupling means of the receiving machine, which collects the grouped wires from the debit machines and the last wire drawn separately from the receiving machine, the wires thus grouped constituting the wick .
  • only one of said single-wire machines, called receiving machine, is intended to receive on its winder which then constitutes the main winder, the wick, the winders of other single-wire machines, called debit machines, not being used.
  • each single-wire machine are orientable, so that each of these machines can be integrated into another multi-wire line, the wire of this machine being directed to another line of multi-wire drawing.
  • the means for regulating the drawing speed and the traction of each of the single-wire machines can be regulating jacks.
  • the main winder can be a dynamic winder.
  • the means used to distribute the wick uniformly over the main winder is a cutting pulley, the cutting pitch of which is adapted to the width of the wick in order to constitute a uniform winding.
  • the main winder is a static winder, the cutting is ensured by the winder itself, equipped with a motor allowing it to carry out a translational movement parallel to its axis, at a speed adapted to the width of the drill bit to constitute a uniform winding.
  • the son coupling means are external return pulleys each secured to one of the single-wire machines. These pulleys can be orientable and can rotate around a vertical axis tangent to their groove bottom. In addition, these pulleys can be provided, at the input and output for example, with a system for holding the wire or wires. This holding system can be a pinching system using felts, an eyelet holding system or a shell holding system surrounding the pulley and having openings allowing the wire (s) to pass.
  • each monofilament machine may further include a continuous annealer located between its drawing block and its means of regulation so that each of the wires drawn separately is further annealed separately when these continuous annealers are in operation.
  • a continuous annealer can be installed between the last machine and the main winder.
  • the wick formed can be statically annealed on the main winder.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown in front view a single-wire machine used in a device according to the invention.
  • This single-wire machine comprises a drawing block 1, an annealing device 2 and a winder 3 called a dynamic winder, that is to say that the winder 3 is provided with a motor (not shown) communicating to it a clean rotation movement around of its longitudinal axis.
  • the drawing block 1 consists of 4 stepped cones 4, 2 dies 5 and a pulley 6.
  • a wire 7 following the path shown in solid lines in the figure can pass up to 20 times in the dies 5, depending on the desired final diameter.
  • the wire 7 is directed into the annealing device 2 by means of a pulley 8.
  • a drawing capstan 9 feeds the wire 7 onto a regulating jig 10 which makes it possible to regulate the traction of wire 7 and of controlling the speed of the drawing to that of the winder 3.
  • the wire 7 is then directed by means of a return pulley 11 on a pulley 12.
  • This pulley 12 is driven in a translational movement parallel to its axis called “cutting movement", which is communicated to it by a motor 13, and which is intended to distribute the thread 7 uniformly over the entire length of the winder 3.
  • the drawing block 1 as well as the dynamic winder 3 are driven by DC motors with thyristor speed variators (not shown).
  • FIG. 2 four single-wire machines A, A ′, A ⁇ and B have been coupled of the type described in FIG. 1.
  • machines A, A ′ and A ⁇ On machines A, A ′ and A ⁇ , the winders 1A, 1A ′ and 1A ⁇ and the cutting pulleys 2A, 2A ′ and 2A ⁇ have been short-circuited (this is why they are shown in broken lines).
  • Machines A, A ′ and A ⁇ will be called in the following "debit machines”. Only the winder 1B and the cutting pulley 2B of machine B can operate. This machine will be called in the following "receiving machine”.
  • Each machine A, A ′, A ⁇ and B has a drawing and annealing block 3A, 3A ′, 3A ⁇ and 3B, a drawing capstan 4A, 4A ′, 4A ⁇ and 4B, a jig of regulation 5A, 5A ′, 5A ⁇ and 5B, an internal return pulley 6A, 6A ′, 6A ⁇ and 6B and an external return pulley with flat groove bottom 7A, 7A ′, 7A ⁇ and 7B.
  • each of the blanks is drawn separately and the wires 10A, 10A ′, 10A ⁇ and 10B thus obtained are annealed and dried also separately. Then, each of the wires 10A, 10A ′, 10A ⁇ and 10B is brought by means of the respective capstans 4A, 4A ′, 4A ⁇ and 4B to the respective control shoes 5A, 5A ′, 5A ⁇ and 5B.
  • Each of these puppets makes it possible to regulate the drawing speed and the traction of the wire.
  • wires 10A, 10A ′ and 10A ⁇ and 10B are directed respectively to the internal return pulleys 6A, 6A ′, 6A ⁇ and 6B, then to the external return pulleys 7A, 7A ′, 7A ⁇ and 7B.
  • the wire 10A is directed by the pulley 7A on the pulley 7A ′, which therefore collects both the wire 10A and the wire 10A ′.
  • the wires 10A and 10A ′ are directed by the pulley 7A ′ on the pulley 7A ⁇ , which collects the wires 10A, 10A ′ and 10A ⁇ .
  • the wires 10A, 10A ′ and 10A ⁇ are directed by the pulley 7A ⁇ on the pulley 7B which then collects the four wires 10A, 10A ′, 10A ⁇ and 10B constituting a wick 12.
  • This wick 12 is directed by the pulley 7B on the cutting pulley 2B then wound on the winder 1B.
  • the cutting speed communicated by a stepping motor (not shown) is adapted to the width of the wick 12 so that the winding takes place uniformly on the winder 1B.
  • FIG. 3 shows in detail one of the control puppets mentioned above.
  • This regulating puppet is called “light regulating puppet” and is more particularly used in the range of fine wires (diameter between 0.05 and 0.20mm). It comprises a pulley 20 secured to an arm 21 on which a mass 22 can slide, and a balancing counterweight 23.
  • a potentiometer 24, roughly represented, makes it possible to transmit the tensile stresses applied to the puppet to the wire drawing motor, in order to regulate the speed of the wire drawing (we will see in detail the operating mode of such a puppet in Figure 4).
  • the mass 22 of each of the jacks of the single-wire machines of the device of FIG. 2 is positioned on the arm 21 and fixed in an identical position for all the masses. This position determines a given pull of the wire.
  • Each puppet works in traction and speed regulation, which makes it possible to prevent the loosening of one of the wires, since all the puppets are slaved to the same reference traction determined by the initial position of the mass 22.
  • the non-zero difference ⁇ between U and U T controls, if it is greater than a threshold value ⁇ o, a speed variator 34 which makes it possible to increase the drawing speed V T up to a value such that the pull on the wire returns to its set value.
  • the reasoning is identical when the traction on the wire decreases.
  • FIG 5 there is shown the outer return pulley 7A ⁇ of the device described in Figure 2; the other external deflection pulleys are similar to this one.
  • the pulley 40 with a flat groove bottom intended to receive several wires side by side is mounted on a plate 41 secured to a frame 42 fixed to the monofilament machine A ⁇ .
  • the wires 10A and 10A ′ coming from the preceding single-wire machines A and A ′ of the device according to the invention arrive in the direction of arrow 43.
  • the wire 10A ⁇ coming from the machine A ⁇ joins the previous ones.
  • it Before arriving on the pulley 40, it passes through a braking system using felt pads 44 preventing it from deviating from its trajectory and holding it firmly to prevent any slackening.
  • the wick thus formed of the wires 10A, 10A ′ and 10A ⁇ , coming from the pulley 7A ⁇ also passes through another braking system using felts 45.
  • FIG. 6 shows in detail and in section along line VI-VI of FIG. 5 the braking system by felts 45 for example of FIG. 5. It consists of two identical felts 51 and 52.
  • the felt 51 is directly fixed (by gluing for example) to the plate 41, and the felt 52 is pinched against the felt 51 by a felt-tip pliers 53.
  • the wires 10A, 10′ and 10A ⁇ passing between the felts 51 and 52 are clamped firmly from so as to avoid a possible deviation from their trajectory.
  • FIG. 7 shows in perspective another system for holding the wire equivalent to the felt pinching system of FIG. 6.
  • two eyelets 61 and 62 are placed respectively at the input and at the output of the pulley 40 of FIG. 5.
  • the wire 10A ⁇ can only move laterally within a given interval.
  • the pulley 71 is surrounded by a cylindrical torus or "shell” 72 in which an opening 73 has been made allowing the exit of the wire 74. This opening maintains the wire in a given interval.
  • the shell 72 is provided with a "tail” 75, in the form of a hollow cylinder whose longitudinal axis X ′ is vertical and tangent to the bottom of the groove of the pulley 71. This tail 75 is fixed to a support 76 (see FIG. 9) integral with one of the single-wire machines of the device according to the invention.
  • the function of the tail 75 is on the one hand to hold the wire coming from the single-wire machine to which it is attached, and on the other hand, it can rotate around its axis X ′ in the direction of the arrow 77 or the arrow 78, carrying with it the shell 72 and the pulley 71.
  • the external pulley thus formed can operate in two modes. In a first operating mode, it is integrated into a wire drawing line according to the invention, and is therefore also intended to possibly receive wires coming from other single-wire machines. It therefore has another opening 73 ′ (see FIG. 9) similar to the opening 73 and symmetrical to the latter with respect to the vertical axis X passing through the center of the pulley 71. In a second operating mode excluding the possibility to receive other wires, this external deflection pulley pivots around the axis X ′ so that the wire coming from the single-wire machine of which it is integral is directed to another device according to the invention and coupled to the other wires drawn by this device as described in FIG. 2.
  • the multi-wire device thus produced has a yield of between 70 and 75%, regardless of the range of diameters of the wires to be obtained. Indeed, during the breakage of a wire, the re-threading is fast because it suffices to re-thread a single thread on a single-wire machine. It is also possible to keep one (or more) single-wire machine (s) in reserve with their blank already threaded. Thus, during the breakage of one (or more) wires, the device is relaunched very quickly by replacing the machine (s) whose wire is broken by the machine (s) held (s) in reserve. In addition, each wire being separated during the drawing, the breakage of one wire does not cause the breakage of the others.
  • the wire drawing speed reached is around 35 ms pour1 for the range of diameters 0.05 - 0.20 mm, while the prior art multi-wire machines did not make it possible to exceed 15 to 20 ms 1 in practice in this range .
  • the pulls of each wire are homogeneous in the wick thanks to the use of a control jig per wire. This prevents the loosening of one or more threads relative to the others.
  • each wire is annealed and dried separately before being collected by the external return pulleys.
  • the oxidation problem due to the grouped drying of the wires is avoided.
  • the device according to the invention is very flexible since it is possible to draw any number of wires by adding or removing one or more machines to the wire drawing line. This adaptation is moreover very rapid. It is also possible to work in a single wire without affecting the performance of the device. To do this, simply restart the winding of one of the single-wire machines and disconnect it from the others by removing the external return pulley.
  • the device according to the invention thus makes it possible to work in multi-wire while keeping a possibility of use in single-wire. In practice, it therefore facilitates the creation of a flexible monofilament / multifilaire workshop which makes it possible to respond quickly and easily to any request regarding the desired final product (monofilament or strand of yarns of very variable composition).
  • the device according to the invention has a major economic interest. Indeed, since the beginning of the 1980s, the use of multi-wire machines of the prior art has become very widespread, which implies an under-use of existing single-wire machines. These monofilament machines therefore risked becoming obsolete in the short term because of the technological change underway.
  • the device according to the invention therefore makes it possible to increase the duration of use and the amortization of single-wire machines. The cost price of the products obtained from the device according to the invention is then lower than with the use of multi-wire machines of the prior art.
  • the device according to the invention can consist of any number of single-wire machines coupled to each other. Only one of these machines, the last for example, will be debtor and receiver at the same time.
  • the winders of single-wire machines and in particular the winder of the receiving machine, can be "static". In this case, these winders do not have a rotational movement around their axis, and it is for example a rotating arm which brings the thread and winds it around the winder. Furthermore, the cutting is no longer ensured by a pulley, but by the translation along its axis of the winder itself.
  • the single-wire machines used may or may not be equipped with a continuous annealer.
  • the annealer causes a large number of breaks. Indeed, the copper wire produced often has ferrous inclusions for example.
  • the annealing is carried out by the Joule effect, and the ferrous inclusions are then the cause of localized heating causing the wire to break. Consequently, if the annealing is carried out for example statically, after the winding, the number of breaks decreases, which further increases the drawing speed reached and the yield of the device.
  • the continuous annealer requiring a lot of maintenance, the "machine stop" times are frequent and relatively long and the maintenance cost is high. Therefore, a device without continuous annealers makes it possible to lower the cost price of the finished product and to increase the periods of continuous use.
  • the wires can be annealed in a continuous annealer placed between the last wire drawing machine and the receiving winder.
  • the single-wire machines used may include a drawing block operating either with stepped cones or with capstans.
  • control puppets used are of any known type. In the range of diameters 0.05 - 0.20mm, it is nevertheless preferable to use "light regulating jacks" like that described in FIG. 3, while in the range of diameters 0.20 - 0.50mm, so-called “heavy” control puppets are known, which are known to the skilled person.
  • the puppet must have a low inertia so as to be able to react as quickly as possible to any variation in the drawing speed.
  • the systems for holding the wire (s) can also be installed on the internal return pulleys, to ensure an even more effective support.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
EP91403462A 1990-12-21 1991-12-19 Vorrichtung zum mehrdrahtigen Drahtziehen und mit Hilfe dieser Vorrichtung erhaltenes Kabel Withdrawn EP0493212A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9016113A FR2670694B1 (fr) 1990-12-21 1990-12-21 Dispositif de trefilage multifilaire et meche obtenue a l'aide de ce dispositif.
FR9016113 1990-12-21

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EP0493212A1 true EP0493212A1 (de) 1992-07-01

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EP91403462A Withdrawn EP0493212A1 (de) 1990-12-21 1991-12-19 Vorrichtung zum mehrdrahtigen Drahtziehen und mit Hilfe dieser Vorrichtung erhaltenes Kabel

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997011222A1 (de) * 1995-09-21 1997-03-27 Sket Verseilmaschinenbau Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum gleichzeitigen bewickeln einer mehrdrahtspule mit mehreren drähten und/oder gleichzeitigem abwickeln der drähte von einer derart bewickelten mehrdrahtspule für eine nachfolgende verseilung derselben
CN102527749A (zh) * 2012-01-10 2012-07-04 张家港市盛天金属线有限公司 一种连续收放线装置
CN103480664A (zh) * 2013-09-07 2014-01-01 安徽富强混凝土有限公司管桩分公司 一种钢丝拉拔组合设备
FR3064934A1 (fr) * 2017-04-11 2018-10-12 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Installation de regulation de la tension d'un monofilament metallique et d'enroulage du monofilament metallique

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191326444A (en) * 1913-03-11 1900-01-01 Rockwell Clark Walter Improvement in Speed Controlling Mechanism for Rolling Mills and the like.
US1739282A (en) * 1926-11-30 1929-12-10 Western Electric Co Material-working apparatus
GB486997A (en) * 1937-06-12 1938-06-14 Nat Standard Co A machine for drawing wire or strip
GB1040430A (en) * 1964-07-22 1966-08-24 Blaw Knox Co Drawing apparatus for tubes or the like
US3672595A (en) * 1970-03-20 1972-06-27 Allan Wood Steel Co Drag wipe
FR2430073A1 (fr) * 1978-06-26 1980-01-25 Renault Ind Belgique Sa Procede et dispositif pour la fabrication en continu de cables electriques a brins paralleles

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191326444A (en) * 1913-03-11 1900-01-01 Rockwell Clark Walter Improvement in Speed Controlling Mechanism for Rolling Mills and the like.
US1739282A (en) * 1926-11-30 1929-12-10 Western Electric Co Material-working apparatus
GB486997A (en) * 1937-06-12 1938-06-14 Nat Standard Co A machine for drawing wire or strip
GB1040430A (en) * 1964-07-22 1966-08-24 Blaw Knox Co Drawing apparatus for tubes or the like
US3672595A (en) * 1970-03-20 1972-06-27 Allan Wood Steel Co Drag wipe
FR2430073A1 (fr) * 1978-06-26 1980-01-25 Renault Ind Belgique Sa Procede et dispositif pour la fabrication en continu de cables electriques a brins paralleles

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997011222A1 (de) * 1995-09-21 1997-03-27 Sket Verseilmaschinenbau Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum gleichzeitigen bewickeln einer mehrdrahtspule mit mehreren drähten und/oder gleichzeitigem abwickeln der drähte von einer derart bewickelten mehrdrahtspule für eine nachfolgende verseilung derselben
CN102527749A (zh) * 2012-01-10 2012-07-04 张家港市盛天金属线有限公司 一种连续收放线装置
CN103480664A (zh) * 2013-09-07 2014-01-01 安徽富强混凝土有限公司管桩分公司 一种钢丝拉拔组合设备
FR3064934A1 (fr) * 2017-04-11 2018-10-12 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Installation de regulation de la tension d'un monofilament metallique et d'enroulage du monofilament metallique
WO2018189119A1 (fr) * 2017-04-11 2018-10-18 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Installation de régulation de la tension d'un monofilament métallique et d'enroulage du monofilament métallique
CN110520226A (zh) * 2017-04-11 2019-11-29 米其林集团总公司 用于控制金属单丝的张力并缠绕金属单丝的设施

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Publication number Publication date
FR2670694B1 (fr) 1993-02-19
FR2670694A1 (fr) 1992-06-26

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