EP0618360B1 - Einrichtung zur Detektion eines Funktionsfehlers im elektronischem Zündsystem eines Motors, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge - Google Patents

Einrichtung zur Detektion eines Funktionsfehlers im elektronischem Zündsystem eines Motors, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0618360B1
EP0618360B1 EP19940400603 EP94400603A EP0618360B1 EP 0618360 B1 EP0618360 B1 EP 0618360B1 EP 19940400603 EP19940400603 EP 19940400603 EP 94400603 A EP94400603 A EP 94400603A EP 0618360 B1 EP0618360 B1 EP 0618360B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fault
order
engine
coils
ignition system
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP19940400603
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0618360A1 (de
Inventor
Denis Lambert
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Automobiles Peugeot SA
Automobiles Citroen SA
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Automobiles Peugeot SA
Automobiles Citroen SA
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Publication of EP0618360A1 publication Critical patent/EP0618360A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P17/00—Testing of ignition installations, e.g. in combination with adjusting; Testing of ignition timing in compression-ignition engines
    • F02P17/12—Testing characteristics of the spark, ignition voltage or current

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for detecting a malfunction of an electronic ignition system of an engine, in particular of a motor vehicle.
  • the detection device applies to an ignition system of a spark ignition engine of the type comprising a computer for controlling the supply of primary circuits of ignition coils including circuits secondary are connected to spark plugs associated with engine cylinders.
  • a spark plug is associated with each cylinder
  • an ignition coil is associated with one or two spark plugs
  • the ignition coils have a primary circuit and a secondary circuit and are used to accumulate and transfer the electrical energy in the direction of the spark plugs and the primary circuits of these coils are supplied under the control of the computer which manages the ignition instant and the distribution to the engine cylinders.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to solve these problems.
  • the subject of the invention is a device for detecting a malfunction of an electronic ignition system of an engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, of the type comprising a computer for controlling the supply of primary circuits of ignition coils of which secondary circuits are connected to spark plugs associated with engine cylinders, the device comprising means for statistical analysis of the spark times between the spark plug electrodes to determine a malfunction, characterized in that these means of statistical analysis comprise means of acquiring the spark times from the voltages in the primary circuits of the coils, in that the means of statistical analysis further comprise means of calculation, for each cylinder, statistical indicators of mean value, instantaneous quadratic deviation and mean quadratic deviation, on N values of durations and means of ana lysis of these indicators to determine a fault, in that the indicator analysis means are suitable for comparing the statistical indicators relating to the different cylinders of the engine with each other and / or to calibrated thresholds depending on the operating conditions of the engine, for recognize a malfunction, in that the analysis means are adapted to compare the instantan
  • the purpose of the detection device according to the invention is to detect and identify operating faults in the high voltage stages of the electronic ignition systems of motor vehicle engines and thus to diagnose a failure of a spark plug, of a ignition coil or the connection between this spark plug and this coil.
  • the advantage of this device lies in particular in the fact that it allows a convenience store to quickly know the state of the ignition system of an engine without having to dismantle the various elements mentioned above, which is particularly interesting when the ignition coils are arranged above the spark plugs. Furthermore, the detection of the total absence of spark for a given cylinder makes it possible to act on the fuel injection in order to preserve in particular the means of catalytic purification of the exhaust gases integrated in the exhaust line of the vehicle. .
  • FIG. 1 The block diagram of such a fault detection device is given in FIG. 1.
  • the control of the supply of the primary circuits of these coils is done in a conventional manner, for example by means of transistors 4, 5 and 6 whose collectors are connected to the primary circuits of the coils and whose bases are connected to the computer.
  • the secondary circuits of these coils are connected to spark plugs associated with the corresponding cylinders of the engine and it is understood that the computer controls the chain supply of these spark plugs to obtain a chain ignition of the engine cylinders.
  • the detection device comprises means for statistical analysis of the sparking times between the spark plug electrodes to determine a malfunction of the ignition system.
  • These means of statistical analysis include, as can be seen in this FIG. 1, means 7 for acquiring spark times from the voltages in the primary circuits of the coils, the output of which is connected to calculation means. and statistical processing 8 making it possible, as will be described in more detail below, to calculate, for each cylinder, statistical indicators on N values of duration of sparks.
  • the output of these processing means is connected to analysis and discrimination means 9 making it possible to recognize, from these indicators, serious and critical operating faults which will also be described in more detail below.
  • the means of acquisition 7 of the spark durations ensure, from the voltages in the primary circuits of the ignition coils, the multiplexing of the overvoltages generated by the sparks and the filtering then the reshaping of this multiplexed signal so to provide the rest of the device with a single binary signal comprising slots whose duration is representative of the successive spark durations.
  • This data acquisition stage is characterized by the fact that its operation is not disturbed by the switching of the different coils and that consequently it allows overlapping between the commands of these coils, this case being able to be encountered at high speed of operation on engines with more than five cylinders.
  • Part 8 of statistical processing of these spark durations is provided by a programmed microcontroller which acquires the spark duration signal via a time measurement stage.
  • the values of the spark times are demultiplexed per cylinder and stored in memory means, as will be described in more detail below.
  • the discrimination part 9 can also be provided by the microcontroller to compare the statistical indicators with each other and / or with calibrated thresholds in order to extract the signaling of a serious fault or critical. These faults can be materialized by a code entered in the memory of the microcontroller and whose value provides information on the type of fault detected and on the cylinder concerned.
  • the memorization of a fault can be filtered, that is, it is only effective after a certain number of successive detections, this number can also be chosen.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 The structure of this device and its operation are illustrated in more detail in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the acquisition means 7 comprise means for multiplexing the overvoltages generated at the primaries of the coils by the sparks, these multiplexing means being designated by the reference 10 in FIG. 2.
  • the output of these multiplexing means is connected to filtering means 11 and to means 12 for reshaping the output signal of these multiplexing means to deliver the binary signal mentioned above.
  • These filtering and fitness means have a conventional structure based on operational amplifiers.
  • the acquisition means are adapted to acquire data in a jumostatic ignition system for a six-cylinder engine.
  • the multiplexing means comprise an operational amplifier 13 connected as an adder for summing the voltages in the primary circuits of the coils, designated by the references V 1 , V 2 and V 3 and subtracting from them the supply voltage multiplied by the number of non-active C 1 , C 2 and C 3 commands.
  • this operational amplifier 13 receives on an input, the control voltages of the primary circuits of the coils and on another input, the voltages actually present in these circuits. primary to draw the overvoltages generated by the sparks between the spark plug electrodes.
  • V 4 V 1 + V 2 + V 3 - V BAT (( VS ⁇ 1 + VS ⁇ 2 + VS ⁇ 3 ).
  • This voltage signal V 4 therefore restores only the overvoltages present in the primary circuits of the coils, which are the image of the secondary voltages at the terminals of the spark plugs.
  • This voltage signal V 4 is then filtered in order to reduce the amplitude of the oscillations mainly due to turbulence in the combustion chamber of each cylinder.
  • the output voltage V 5 of these filtering means It is then reshaped by a comparator stage and the voltage signal V 6 thereof is in the form of a binary signal whose width of the status slots logic 0 for example, is representative of the duration of the sparks.
  • This binary signal is then introduced into the microcontroller constituting the means 8 for calculating the statistical indicators and for analyzing 9 of these, this microcontroller being generally designated by the reference 14 in FIG. 2.
  • N and P are determined experimentally and it has been established that the order of magnitude of N is less than 10 to obtain the mean value t ⁇ accurate to within 10% for very unstable spark times.
  • P can meanwhile be less than or equal to N and the calculations performed by the microcontroller are lightened if a power of 2 is chosen for P and N.
  • the fault discrimination part is based on a comparison of these different indicators with each other and / or on calibrated thresholds to determine serious faults or critical operating faults.
  • This instantaneous quadratic deviation is compared with a calibrated threshold and if it is greater than this threshold, a fault counter assigned to the active cylinder is incremented.
  • the starting value of this counter is fixed at zero.
  • Ignition faults liable to cause such a serious fault may for example be a short circuit in the secondary circuit of the ignition coil, a secondary circuit open without sparking, or a plug that is very dirty, drowned or beaded.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates this operation of the microcontroller for the detection of this fault.
  • the fault is classified as a critical fault. This situation corresponds to the various cases in which the ignition is present but of poor quality.
  • the early warning signals of ignition failures cause the recording of fault codes in order to guide the repairman.
  • the indicators of average value t ⁇ and mean square deviation (variance) ⁇ 2 are used.
  • the variance is compared to a calibrated threshold which depends on the operating mode of the engine, the dispersion of the sparking times depending on the latter. Indeed, the dispersion is strong under acceleration and under heavy load and it is more moderate at idle, hot engine, as well as at deceleration with cut of the injection.
  • a critical fault is recorded and corresponds to the case where all or part of the spark occurs outside the combustion chamber and therefore is not subject to disturbances from the explosion.
  • Severe faults also induce a variance fault which is too small but with a longer delay.
  • the average value t ⁇ is also compared to a calibrated threshold. This comparison is only carried out in the operating modes in which the spark is stable and not very dependent on the environment, in deceleration for example. If this average value is below the threshold, a critical fault corresponding to wear of the spark plug electrodes is recorded. This detection also occurs in the event of an open secondary circuit.
  • the average value t ⁇ is also compared to the average value of spark times of the cylinder which is in the exhaust phase, that is to say the twin cylinder, in the mechanical phase.
  • a critical fault is memorized and corresponds to significant wear of the spark plugs, to a plug that is too tight that would have been damaged during assembly or to a significant fouling of these candles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Vorrichtung zur Feststellung eines Funktionsfehlers eines elektronischen Zündsystems eines Motors, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeugs, einer Art mit einem Rechner zur Steuerung der Speisung von Primärkreisen von Zündkerzen (1, 2, 3), deren Sekundärkreise mit den Zylindern des Motors zugeordneten Zündkerzen verbunden sind, wobei die Vorrichtung Mittel (7, 8, 9) zur statistischen Analyse von Zeitdauern von Funken zwischen den Elektroden der Zündkerzen zur Bestimmung eines Funktionsfehlers aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese Mittel zur statistischen Analyse Mittel (7) zur Erfassung der Funkenzeitdauern anhand von Spannungen in den Primärkreisen der Spulen (1, 2, 3) aufweisen, daß die Mittel zur statistischen Analyse ferner Mittel (8) zur Berechnung, für jeden Zylinder, von statistischen Indikatoren des Mittelwerts, der momentanen quadratischen Abweichung und der mittleren quadratischen Abweichung über N Zeitdauerwerten und Mittel (9) zur Analyse dieser Indikatoren zur Bestimmung eines Fehlers aufweisen, daß die Mittel (9) zur Analyse der Indikatoren so eingerichtet sind, daß sie die statistischen Indikatoren, die sich auf verschiedene Zylinder des Motors beziehen, miteinander vergleichen und/oder mit kalibrierten Schwellen vergleichen, die von den Funktionsbedingungen des Motors abhängen, um einen Funktionsfehler zu erkennen, daß die Analysemittel (9) so eingerichtet sind, daß sie die einem Zylinder zugehörige momentane quadratische Abweichung mit einer kalibrierten Schwelle vergleichen, um einen Zähler zu inkrementieren oder dekrementieren, dessen Wert mit einem Filterwert (F) verglichen wird, um im Falle der Überschreitung einen schweren Funktionsfehler des Zündsystems anzuzeigen, und daß die Analysemittel (9) so eingerichtet sind, daß sie die mittlere quadratische Abweichung und den Mittelwert mit kalibrierten Schwellen vergleichen, um im Falle der Überschreitung einen kritischen Funktionsfehler des Zündsystems zu bestimmen.
  2. Feststellungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erfassungsmittel (7) Mittel (10, 13) zur Multiplexierung der in den Primärkreisen der Spulen durch die Funken erzeugten Überspannungen und Mittel (11, 12) zur Filterung und Formung des Ausgangssignals dieser Multiplexierungsmittel aufweisen, um an den Rest der Vorrichtung ein Binärsignal zu liefern, welches Rechteckimpulse aufweist, deren Dauer für die Dauern der Funken repräsentativ ist.
  3. Feststellungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Multiplexierungsmittel (10, 13) einen Operationsverstärker (13), der an einem Eingang die Steuerspannungen der Primärkreise der Spulen (1, 2, 3) und an einem anderen Eingang die reell in diesen Primärkreisen vorhandenen Spannungen erhält, aufweisen, um die durch die Funken erzeugten Überspannungen zu bestimmen.
  4. Feststellungsvorrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel (8, 9) zur Berechnung und Analyse der statistischen Indikatoren jedem Zylinder des Motors zugeordnete Speichermittel aufweisen, in denen die entsprechenden Funkendauerwerte, anhand derer die Indikatoren berechnet und analysiert werden, gespeichert werden.
  5. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein schwerer Funktionsfehler des Zündsystems einem Fehlen einer Zündung entspricht.
  6. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein kritischer Funktionsfehler des Zündsystems einer Zündung mit schlechter Qualität entspricht.
  7. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Analysemittel (9) dazu eingerichtet sind, den Mittelwert, der einem Zylinder zugeordnet ist, mit dem Mittelwert, der dem in der Auslaßphase benachbarten Zylinder zugeordnet ist, zu vergleichen, um eine Abweichung zu bestimmen, wobei diese Abweichung mit einer kalibrierten Schwelle verglichen wird, um im Falle einer Überschreitung einen kritischen Funktionsfehler des Zündsystems zu bestimmen.
  8. Vorrichtung nach irgendeinem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel zur Berechnung und Analyse einen Mikrocontroller (14) aufweisen.
EP19940400603 1993-03-29 1994-03-18 Einrichtung zur Detektion eines Funktionsfehlers im elektronischem Zündsystem eines Motors, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge Expired - Lifetime EP0618360B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9303606A FR2703405B1 (fr) 1993-03-29 1993-03-29 Dispositif de detection d'un defaut de fonctionnement d'un systeme d'allumage electronique d'un moteur, notamment de vehicule automobile.
FR9303606 1993-03-29

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP0618360A1 EP0618360A1 (de) 1994-10-05
EP0618360B1 true EP0618360B1 (de) 1997-09-10

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EP19940400603 Expired - Lifetime EP0618360B1 (de) 1993-03-29 1994-03-18 Einrichtung zur Detektion eines Funktionsfehlers im elektronischem Zündsystem eines Motors, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge

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EP (1) EP0618360B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69405440T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2703405B1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19630305A1 (de) * 1996-07-26 1998-01-29 Bosch Gmbh Robert Schaltungsanordnung zur Messung der Zündspulenprimärspannung einer Zündanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE10133005B4 (de) * 2001-07-06 2014-10-23 Volkswagen Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erkennen der Unterbrechung der Spannungsversorgung einer Zündspule
DE102011005651A1 (de) * 2011-03-16 2012-09-20 Man Diesel & Turbo Se Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Verschleißes von Elektroden einer Zündkerze und Vorrichtungen hierzu

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2317520A1 (fr) * 1975-07-11 1977-02-04 Renault Analyseur fin de la tension d'allumage d'un moteur a combustion interne
US4291383A (en) * 1979-12-20 1981-09-22 United Technologies Corporation Spark plug load testing for an internal combustion engine
US4825167A (en) * 1987-11-02 1989-04-25 General Motors Corporation Spark plug testing under dynamic load
JPH02104978A (ja) * 1988-10-13 1990-04-17 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 内燃機関の失火検出装置
DE4207139C2 (de) * 1991-03-07 2000-09-07 Honda Motor Co Ltd Fehlzündungsdetektorsystem für Verbrennungsmotoren
US5283527A (en) * 1991-06-28 1994-02-01 Ford Motor Company Methods and apparatus for detecting short circuited secondary coil winding via monitoring primary coil winding
FR2680836A1 (fr) * 1991-08-29 1993-03-05 Renault Procede et dispositif de surveillance de l'ecartement des electrodes d'une bougie.
DE4129292C2 (de) * 1991-09-03 1993-12-02 Daimler Benz Ag Verfahren zur Erkennung von Zündfehlfunktionen

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FR2703405A1 (fr) 1994-10-07
DE69405440D1 (de) 1997-10-16
EP0618360A1 (de) 1994-10-05
FR2703405B1 (fr) 1995-06-30
DE69405440T2 (de) 1998-04-23

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