EP0615795A1 - Régulation de la température d'une presse d'extrusion - Google Patents

Régulation de la température d'une presse d'extrusion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0615795A1
EP0615795A1 EP94810016A EP94810016A EP0615795A1 EP 0615795 A1 EP0615795 A1 EP 0615795A1 EP 94810016 A EP94810016 A EP 94810016A EP 94810016 A EP94810016 A EP 94810016A EP 0615795 A1 EP0615795 A1 EP 0615795A1
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Prior art keywords
cycle
equation
extrusion
pressing
pressing speed
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EP94810016A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0615795B1 (fr
Inventor
Madhukar Pandit
Karlheinz Buchheit
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3A Composites International AG
Vodafone GmbH
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Alusuisse Lonza Services Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C31/00—Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the control of extrusion presses and the use of the method for the production of extrusion profiles.
  • Extrusion is a well-known and versatile method for producing profiles by extruding materials, such as metal, glass or plastic, through a die, the die opening being able to have almost any cross-section from circular to angled patterns with one or more cavities .
  • An extrusion device essentially contains a transducer with a cylindrical recess of any cross-section, which can hold the material to be pressed, usually in the form of a cylindrical block, and a stamp provided with a press disk, a die being able to be attached to one opening of the cylindrical recess of the transducer .
  • the material to be pressed is guided into the cylindrical recess of the transducer and pressed against the die using a high axial pressure imparted by the pressure plate, so that the material to be pressed can plastically deform at the given temperatures and is thus extruded through the die opening .
  • the cross-section of the resulting extruded profiles essentially corresponds to the cross-section of the die opening.
  • this does not apply to the extrusion of polymers with pseudoplastic (decrease in viscosity with increasing mechanical stress), entropy-elastic (strand expansion) and viscoelastic (time-dependent coupling of viscosity and elasticity) properties.
  • the plastic deformability of the material to be pressed and thus the amount of material to be extruded through the die per unit of time depends not only on the material composition of the material to be pressed and the pressure applied, but also primarily on the process temperature.
  • the strand exit temperature is kept as high as possible.
  • the maximum permissible strand exit temperature is on the one hand below the melting temperature of the material to be pressed and on the other hand is given by the condition that the strand emerging from the die opening must not deform under its own weight when hot.
  • the extrusion temperature has a considerable influence on the material properties of the extruded profiles and thus on the product quality (homogeneity, mechanical stresses, etc.). For quality assurance reasons, there is therefore considerable interest in specifying the strand exit temperature in a defined manner and keeping it constant during the process.
  • Such a method with a predefined and kept constant extrusion temperature is called isothermal extrusion.
  • the balance of the energy budget results from the difference between all energy supplied (mechanical work and heat) and the energy dissipated (plastic deformation, heat conduction).
  • the essential energy budget for the hot forming process refers to the part of the block of pressed material that is plastically deformed.
  • the resulting temperature of the profiles as they emerge from the die can be specifically influenced, for example, by the preheating temperature of the blocks or ingots and the process speed.
  • the extrusion temperature is calculated in advance using a simulation model, with the pressing speed representing the process parameters relevant to the control technology.
  • the extrusion process is a complicated thermomechanical system with many parameters that are not easily controllable, so that the entire extrusion process cannot be described analytically completely and only with imprecise numerical methods. Therefore, this method is not suitable for controlling an extrusion press.
  • the production and maintenance of the extrudate outlet temperature which is referred to as the controlled variable, is achieved by means of a closed control circuit which, by permanent comparison of the setpoint and actual value of the controlled variable, calculates the pressing speed required for correction as the manipulated variable.
  • Radiation pyrometers are usually used to measure the strand exit temperature.
  • the pyrometric temperature measurement takes place using Planck's radiation laws, which, however, only apply to ideal black bodies. If one knows the total energy of the emitted radiation, the temperature that the body would have if it were a black body can be calculated from the measurement of the energy of a certain spectral range with the help of Planck's radiation laws. Since most bodies are not ideally black, the true temperature is higher than that calculated in this way.
  • the emissivity i.e. the radiance of the body under consideration.
  • the emissivity of an opaque body is defined by the quotient of the body's emitted radiation and the radiation of a black body at the same temperature.
  • the emissivity can be described physically by an emissivity ⁇ which has a multplicative effect on the Planck radiation laws.
  • An ideal black body has an emissivity ⁇ equal to one.
  • the contactless, pyrometric temperature measurement leads to materials with a small and / or wavelength-dependent emissivity ( ⁇ ⁇ 0.1) and / or variable surface characteristics, such as, for example on materials made of aluminum or aluminum alloys often leads to an inaccurate temperature determination. Therefore, controlled extrusion is not suitable for such materials.
  • v0 and v1 mean the initial pressing speed or the pressing speed in the stationary stage of the pressing process and A is a parameter which depends on the mechanical properties of the pressed material (blank), such as the yield strength, and is determined at the beginning of the batch from measured metallurgical values .
  • a disadvantage of the control method described in DE-OS 34 04 054 is the firmly prescribed structure of the control function, which is composed of an exponential structure and a constant function. Such a curve shape is often not suitable for achieving a constant profile exit temperature.
  • changes in the thermal budget of the extrusion press such as changes in the recipient temperature, the tool temperature or the billet temperature, cannot be taken into account with this method within a lot.
  • the model of the extrusion press defined by the relationship of ⁇ (t) consists of a direct drive and an exponential function together and reflects the complex heat balance of an extrusion press in a very simplified manner.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method which overcomes the above disadvantages and allows the precise control of an extrusion press in order to achieve a maximum throughput with an optimal quality of the extrusion profiles.
  • the method according to the invention describes a method which allows any form of control function.
  • the control curve is made after each ingot, i.e. after each cycle, corrected.
  • control curve is corrected on the basis of a linear model for the current operating point of the extrusion press.
  • the parameters of the linearized model are redetermined after each ingot.
  • the method according to the invention is thus able to compensate for model errors by constantly correcting the control curve and also allows a corrective reaction to changes in the thermal budget of the extrusion press.
  • the cyclic control with adaptation according to the method according to the invention can adapt to all operating cases of an extrusion press and thus leads to a significant increase in the average pressing speed.
  • the method according to the invention differs from the known fixed-value controls in that not only the local operating point, but always the entire cycle, is optimized, as in the case of a closed control loop. Because of the cyclicity, ie the repetitive nature of the control process, the experience from one cycle k is used to generate the press speed curve k + 1, which provides feedback from one cycle to the other. So this is it Control method less susceptible to interference from the pyrometric measurement of the extrusion temperature and is preferably suitable for the temperature control of extrusion presses for the production of extrusion profiles with a small and / or wavelength-dependent emissivity ( ⁇ ⁇ 0.1) and / or variable surface characteristics and thus in particular for the production of extrusion profiles Aluminum or aluminum alloys.
  • the material to be pressed When extruding aluminum or its alloys, the material to be pressed is heated to a temperature of 400 to 500 ° C in an oven and then loaded into a receiver or recipient. This is closed on one side by a die, the opening or opening of which corresponds to the cross section of the profile strand being formed. From the side of the material to be pressed, which is opposite the die, the block of material to be pressed is pressed through the die with the exception of a small remainder under the action of a high pressure of more than 10 MN (Mega Newton). At the end of a cycle, a new block is loaded into the recipient and the process can be repeated.
  • MN Mega Newton
  • FIG. 1 shows the components of an extrusion press that are essential for the pressing operation and the heat flows that occur during the process.
  • FIG. 2 represents a cyclical control device that enables the production and maintenance of a strand exit temperature ⁇ a (t) that is as constant as possible and corresponds to a predetermined setpoint profile ⁇ a w (t).
  • the control device is the influencing part and the controlled system is the influenced part of the control loop.
  • the course of the press speed v k (t) and the Outlet temperature ⁇ a k (t) calculates the manipulated variable. This is done by identifying or calculating a step response h k (t) of the controlled system, where 0 ⁇ t ⁇ T Zyk .
  • Identification is generally understood to mean the calculation or estimation of parameters of a given system of equations, as is used, for example, for determining the coefficients of differential equations or for calculating support points for the step response proposed below.
  • a correction curve or correction trajectory dv k + 1 is then calculated from the step response h k (t) and the control error e k (t) and added to the path curve v k (t).
  • the resulting curve v k + 1 (t) is stored in a memory from which it can be called up during the next cycle.
  • the method according to the invention facilitates the suppression of measurement disturbances since, in contrast to the known regulations, powerful, non-causal filters can be used.
  • the output value y (t0) of a non-causal filter at a time t0 is not only dependent on input values x (t0- ⁇ t) with ⁇ t> 0, as in the case of a causal filter, but also on input values x (t0 + ⁇ t).
  • the method according to the invention thus leads to a safe and robust control system with regard to the measured values.
  • the system changes such as the tool, recipient, block or die temperature of successive cycles, are negligibly small, which means that the cyclical control can follow such changes quickly enough to ensure an optimal process flow.
  • the identification of the controlled system contributes to increasing the convergence speed, so that the steady state of the press is reached after just a few cycles.
  • the measurement variables are usually recorded and processed by means of data acquisition devices with limited computing capacity, such as, for example, microcomputers.
  • data acquisition devices with limited computing capacity, such as, for example, microcomputers.
  • the time functions scanned discretely.
  • FIG. 3 A schematic representation of the press speed curve of a press cycle k can be found in FIG. 3.
  • the counter i represents the index of the discrete time intervals T A and j the count index for the manipulated variable v (t), which are constant for at least the duration m * T A is, and the change in the manipulated variable is denoted by ⁇ V j .
  • variable sought is thus the manipulated variable curve v k + 1 (t) for the press cycle k + 1, the curve v k (t) being known from the previous cycle, so that dv k + 1 (t) can be determined using equations (4 ) and (10) can be represented according to equation (19).
  • Typical values of the parameters for the method according to the invention are between 60 and 1000 s for T Zyk , between 0.5 and 3 s for T a , between 10 and 20 for m and between 10 and 15 for n.
  • the value for the weight factor ⁇ is typically 0.05 * m * h ((n * m-1) * T A ), where h ((n * m-1) * T A ) means the end value of the step response.
  • the minimization of the quality function Q in equation (12) can be carried out by means of the gradient, the conjugate gradient, the quasi-Newton, the Newton-Raphson or the Newton method.
  • the quality function Q in equation (12) can preferably be minimized by using the Kuhn-Tucker method.
  • the quality function in equation (12) can also be replaced by the absolute value function (20) in the method according to the invention: or one of the following two weighted quality functions: where ⁇ j and ⁇ i represent weight factors that must be defined in advance for each time interval j.
  • the weight factor ⁇ in equation (20) typically has a value in the order of magnitude of ⁇ ⁇ 0.1 * m * h ((n * m-1) * T A ).
  • the values of the weight factors ⁇ j and ⁇ i in equation (21) are typically or ⁇ j ⁇ 0.05 * ⁇ (j * m) * h ((n * m-1) * T A ) and those for equation (22), for example ⁇ i ⁇ 1 n * m * i or ⁇ j ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ (j * m) * h ((n * m-1) * T A )
  • Equation (23) The identification of equation (23) is formulated in equation (26). This determines g k (i * T A ) in such a way that the model error is as small as possible and the curve g k (i * T A ) is as smooth as possible.
  • the quality function F formulated in equation (26) thus serves to identify the function g k (i * T A ) and has no relation to the quality function Q, the latter remaining unchanged.
  • the value of the parameter N is typically N ⁇ 100-150, although it can assume a maximum of n * m-1.
  • the inverse transformation means finding a discrete function in the time domain that has the corresponding z function as a z transform.
  • the inverse transformation of the z transfer function G s (z) thus means the calculation of the impulse response g k (i * T A ), which is defined in accordance with equation (23).
  • the present method thus allows the temperature control of extrusion presses for the production of extrusion profiles with a small and / or wavelength-dependent emissivity ( ⁇ ⁇ 0.1) and / or variable surface characteristics.
  • the method for regulating the temperature of extrusions is preferably used for the production of highly reflective, metallic extruded profiles.
  • the method is therefore particularly suitable for the production of extruded profiles made of aluminum or aluminum alloys.
  • the method according to the invention permits the precise control of an extrusion press and thus enables a maximum throughput to be achieved with the optimum quality of the extrusion profiles and is also used wherever the processing or operating temperatures of the material to be measured are critical.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
EP94810016A 1993-02-24 1994-01-14 Régulation de la température d'une presse d'extrusion Expired - Lifetime EP0615795B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH561/93 1993-02-24
CH00561/93A CH686766A5 (de) 1993-02-24 1993-02-24 Temperaturregelung einer Strangpresse.
CA002119941A CA2119941A1 (fr) 1993-02-24 1994-03-25 Regulation de la temperature dans les machines a extruder
US08/218,829 US5614137A (en) 1993-02-24 1994-03-28 Temperature control in extruders

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0615795A1 true EP0615795A1 (fr) 1994-09-21
EP0615795B1 EP0615795B1 (fr) 1997-03-26

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EP94810016A Expired - Lifetime EP0615795B1 (fr) 1993-02-24 1994-01-14 Régulation de la température d'une presse d'extrusion

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US (1) US5614137A (fr)
EP (1) EP0615795B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06277750A (fr)
CA (1) CA2119941A1 (fr)
CH (1) CH686766A5 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ284315B6 (fr)
DE (1) DE59402183D1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2727335A1 (fr) * 1994-11-25 1996-05-31 Hardouin Jean Pierre Procede et dispositif d'extrusion-filage d'un alliage d'aluminium a bas titre
DE102005047285A1 (de) * 2005-09-28 2007-03-29 Pandit, Madhukar, Prof. Dr.-Ing.habil. Verfahren und System zur automatischen Optimierung des Betriebs einer Strangpresse für Metalle
DE102007033588A1 (de) 2007-07-17 2009-01-29 Pandit, Madhukar, Prof. Dr.-Ing.habil. Funknetz basiertes Automatisierungssystem für zyklische Prozesse
CN102963032A (zh) * 2012-11-13 2013-03-13 林肇辉 一种竹签香成型机香脚尾部的夹压机构
DE102012002774A1 (de) 2012-02-10 2013-08-14 Madhukar Pandit Verfahren und System zum automatischen optimalen Betrieb einer Strangpresse für Metalle
DE102018100966A1 (de) * 2018-01-17 2019-07-18 Minebea Mitsumi Inc. Adaptive Regelung einer Raumtemperatur
DE102015013343B4 (de) 2015-05-07 2020-01-02 Madhukar Pandit Verfahren zur Temperaturführung beim Betrieb einer Strangpresse für Metalle
CN117802590A (zh) * 2024-02-29 2024-04-02 山东津潍海润特种分离设备有限公司 一种海卤水处理膜纺丝工艺参数优化方法

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AR024361A1 (es) 1999-06-15 2002-10-02 Dow Chemical Co Proceso y aparato para preparar una composicion utilizando un reactor continuo y mezclador en serie
US6620354B1 (en) * 1999-11-29 2003-09-16 The Conair Group, Inc. Apparatus and method for producing and cutting extruded material using temperature feedback
DE10123274B4 (de) * 2001-05-10 2005-06-09 Pandit, Madhukar, Prof. Dr.-Ing.habil. Verfahren zur Temperaturregelung einer Strangpresse für Metalle
JP5571676B2 (ja) 2008-10-31 2014-08-13 コーニング インコーポレイテッド セラミック前駆体押出成形バッチのデュアルループ制御
US9889481B1 (en) * 2015-06-26 2018-02-13 Boothroyd Dewhurst, Inc. Metal part extrusion control

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1402787A1 (de) * 1961-02-28 1969-03-13 Schloemann Ag Einrichtung an Metallstrangpressen zum Regeln der Pressstempelgeschwindigkeit
US3670542A (en) * 1969-12-04 1972-06-20 Reynolds Metals Co Extrusion method and apparatus
DE2260218A1 (de) * 1971-12-10 1973-06-14 Vmw Ranshofen Berndorf Ag Verfahren zum strangpressen
GB1431884A (en) * 1972-08-17 1976-04-14 Chadwick R Method of and apparatus for hot extruding metals
DE3404054A1 (de) * 1984-02-06 1985-08-14 Proizvodstvennoe ob"edinenie "Uralmaš", Sverdlovsk Strasse zum isothermen pressen
JPH01210119A (ja) * 1988-02-16 1989-08-23 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 押出プレスの押出速度制御方法

Family Cites Families (5)

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US2863557A (en) * 1952-02-15 1958-12-09 Munker Theodor Apparatus whitch controls temperature and speed of extruded product
US3422648A (en) * 1961-10-02 1969-01-21 Jerome H Lemelson Extrusion apparatus
US4675826A (en) * 1984-08-06 1987-06-23 Granco-Clark, Inc. Temperature control system
IT1242695B (it) * 1990-12-20 1994-05-17 Danieli Off Mecc Dispositivo controllo temperatura dei profili metallici estrusi in fase di estrusione.
US5306365A (en) * 1992-11-19 1994-04-26 Aluminum Company Of America Apparatus and method for tapered heating of metal billet

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1402787A1 (de) * 1961-02-28 1969-03-13 Schloemann Ag Einrichtung an Metallstrangpressen zum Regeln der Pressstempelgeschwindigkeit
US3670542A (en) * 1969-12-04 1972-06-20 Reynolds Metals Co Extrusion method and apparatus
DE2260218A1 (de) * 1971-12-10 1973-06-14 Vmw Ranshofen Berndorf Ag Verfahren zum strangpressen
GB1431884A (en) * 1972-08-17 1976-04-14 Chadwick R Method of and apparatus for hot extruding metals
DE3404054A1 (de) * 1984-02-06 1985-08-14 Proizvodstvennoe ob"edinenie "Uralmaš", Sverdlovsk Strasse zum isothermen pressen
JPH01210119A (ja) * 1988-02-16 1989-08-23 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd 押出プレスの押出速度制御方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 13, no. 519 (M - 895)<3867> 20 November 1989 (1989-11-20) *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2727335A1 (fr) * 1994-11-25 1996-05-31 Hardouin Jean Pierre Procede et dispositif d'extrusion-filage d'un alliage d'aluminium a bas titre
DE102005047285A1 (de) * 2005-09-28 2007-03-29 Pandit, Madhukar, Prof. Dr.-Ing.habil. Verfahren und System zur automatischen Optimierung des Betriebs einer Strangpresse für Metalle
DE102005047285B4 (de) * 2005-09-28 2008-09-18 Pandit, Madhukar, Prof. Dr.-Ing.habil. Verfahren zur Führung einer mit einer SPS gesteuerten und mit einer Profiltemperaturregelung und Pressgeschwindigkeitsregelung ausgestatteten Strangpresse für Metalle
DE102007033588A1 (de) 2007-07-17 2009-01-29 Pandit, Madhukar, Prof. Dr.-Ing.habil. Funknetz basiertes Automatisierungssystem für zyklische Prozesse
DE102012002774A1 (de) 2012-02-10 2013-08-14 Madhukar Pandit Verfahren und System zum automatischen optimalen Betrieb einer Strangpresse für Metalle
DE102012002774B4 (de) 2012-02-10 2020-01-23 Madhukar Pandit Verfahren und System zum automatischen optimalen Betrieb einer Strangpresse für Metalle
CN102963032A (zh) * 2012-11-13 2013-03-13 林肇辉 一种竹签香成型机香脚尾部的夹压机构
DE102015013343B4 (de) 2015-05-07 2020-01-02 Madhukar Pandit Verfahren zur Temperaturführung beim Betrieb einer Strangpresse für Metalle
DE102018100966A1 (de) * 2018-01-17 2019-07-18 Minebea Mitsumi Inc. Adaptive Regelung einer Raumtemperatur
CN117802590A (zh) * 2024-02-29 2024-04-02 山东津潍海润特种分离设备有限公司 一种海卤水处理膜纺丝工艺参数优化方法
CN117802590B (zh) * 2024-02-29 2024-05-14 山东津潍海润特种分离设备有限公司 一种海卤水处理膜纺丝工艺参数优化方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH06277750A (ja) 1994-10-04
CH686766A5 (de) 1996-06-28
US5614137A (en) 1997-03-25
EP0615795B1 (fr) 1997-03-26
CZ284315B6 (cs) 1998-10-14
CA2119941A1 (fr) 1995-09-26
CZ41294A3 (en) 1994-10-19
DE59402183D1 (de) 1997-04-30

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