EP0613607B1 - Kompaktes isochrones zyklotron - Google Patents

Kompaktes isochrones zyklotron Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0613607B1
EP0613607B1 EP92923442A EP92923442A EP0613607B1 EP 0613607 B1 EP0613607 B1 EP 0613607B1 EP 92923442 A EP92923442 A EP 92923442A EP 92923442 A EP92923442 A EP 92923442A EP 0613607 B1 EP0613607 B1 EP 0613607B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cyclotron
hills
air gap
radius
sectors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP92923442A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0613607A1 (de
Inventor
André LAISNE
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Ion Beam Applications SA
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Ion Beam Applications SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cyclotron of new design in which the particle beam is focused by sectors. More particularly, the present invention relates to an isochronous cyclotron comprising an electromagnet constituting the magnetic circuit which includes at least three pairs of sectors called “hills" where the air gap is reduced, separated by spaces in the form of sectors called “valleys” where the air gap is larger.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to a compact isochronous cyclotron, that is to say energized by at least one pair of main circular coils surrounding the poles of the electromagnet.
  • the present invention relates to both superconductive and non-superconductive cyclotrons. State of the art
  • Cyclotrons are particle accelerators used in particular for the production of radioactive isotopes.
  • Cyclotrons usually consist of three separate main assemblies consisting of the electromagnet, the high frequency resonator and the vacuum chamber with pumps.
  • the electromagnet guides the ions on a trajectory representing approximately a spiral of increasing radius during acceleration.
  • isochronous cyclotrons which are energized by at least one pair of main circular coils and so-called separate sector cyclotrons where the magnetic structure is divided into separate fully autonomous units.
  • the first generation isochronous cyclotrons are cyclotrons which use circular coils of the conventional type, that is to say non-superconductive.
  • the mean induction field obtained was limited to values of 1.4 Tesla.
  • cyclotrons called second-generation cyclotrons have appeared which use superconductor technologies.
  • the main coils are of the superconductive type and make it possible to obtain average inductions of between 1.7 and 5 Tesla, which makes it possible to deliver beams of particles having magnetic rigidities (Br) clearly greater than those delivered by first generation cyclotrons.
  • the extraction devices for known cyclotrons of the second generation have the particularity that they occupy almost an entire revolution of the machine, along which two to three extractors can be counted, followed by three to ten focusing elements.
  • the present invention aims to propose a new configuration of isochronous cyclotron, superconductive or not, which does not have the drawbacks of the prior art.
  • a first aim of the present invention aims to propose a compact isochronous cyclotron, superconductive or not, which tends to prevent the weakening of the vertical component of the induction when one approaches the radial end of the poles.
  • the present invention aims to propose an isochronous cyclotron where the field zone which cannot be used at the end of the poles is reduced to a few millimeters.
  • An additional aim of the present invention is to provide a cyclotron which has a simplified extraction device, in particular in the case of a superconductive cyclotron.
  • the present invention relates to a compact isochronous superconductive or non-superconductive cyclotron in which the particle beam is focused by sectors, comprising an electromagnet constituting the magnetic circuit which includes at least three pairs of sectors called “hills” where the air gap is reduced, separated by spaces in the form of sectors called “valleys” where the air gap is of larger dimension and which is energized by at least one pair of main circular coils surrounding the poles of the electromagnet , this cyclotron being characterized in that the air gap of the hills has an essentially elliptical evolutionary profile which tends towards complete closure at the radial end of the hills (radius of the hills) on the median plane and more particularly which completely closes on the median plane.
  • the expression “tends towards complete closure” is understood to mean the configurations where there remains a small residual opening (preferably less than the vertical dimension of the accelerated beam) and the configurations where the closure of the elliptical profile of the air gap is total at median plane.
  • This shunt preferably has a radial thickness of between 2 and 10 mm so as to increase the polar radius by this amount relative to the radius of the hills.
  • the closing of the air gap at the shunt should not be total; indeed, it suffices that the residual air gap remains small relative to the vertical dimension of the accelerated beams.
  • the cyclotron shown schematically in Figure 1 is a cyclotron intended for the acceleration of protons to an energy of 230 MeV.
  • the magnetic structure 1 of the cyclotron is composed of a certain number of elements 2, 3, 4 and 5, made of a ferromagnetic material and of coils 6 made of a preferably conductive or superconductive material.
  • the coils 6 are essentially circular in shape and are located in the annular space left between the sectors 3 or 3 ′ and the flow returns 5.
  • These coils can be made of a superconductive material but in this case it will be necessary to provide the necessary cryogenic devices.
  • the central duct is intended to receive, at least in part, the source of particles 7 to be accelerated which are injected into the center of the device by means known per se.
  • Figure 2 shows a sectional view of a cyclotron according to the present invention.
  • the essential characteristic of the cyclotron according to the present invention is constituted by the fact that the air gap 8 located between two hills 3 and 3 'has an essentially elliptical evolutionary profile which tends to close on the median plane 10 at the radial end of the hills. called radius of hills R c .
  • the closure is complete at the radius R c or at least the residual air gap is less than the vertical dimension of the beam.
  • a magnetic shunt 9 has been placed beyond the radius of the hills R c between each pair of hills 3 and 3 ′, which is in the form of a metal screen having a radial thickness of between 2 and 10 mm and preferably around 6.5 mm.
  • the polar radius B p and the hill radius R c no longer coincide, the polar radius of course lying at the radial end of the magnetic shunt.
  • At least one magnetic shunt 9 is provided with at least one opening 11 to allow the passage of the extracted beam. Preferably, it is arranged at an angle to the radius of the hills.
  • FIGS. 4 to 11 represent the vertical component B z of the induction as a function of the radius ⁇ in the case of a magnetization M ⁇ uniform.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show this variation in the case of a constant air gap b between two hills as is the case for a cyclotron according to the prior art.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show the variation of the magnetic induction B z as a function of the radius ⁇ in the case where the air gap is in the form of an elliptical shape completely closing at the polar radius R c , in the theoretical case of a uniform magnetization Mr.
  • the value of the vertical component Bz (r) of the magneto-static induction for the radius less than the radius R c essentially depends on the value of the half minor axis (b) of the ellipse generating the profile of the air gap formed between two hills.
  • the main advantage of this configuration of the air gap for a cyclotron according to the present invention lies in the fact that the extraction system for the particle beam will be greatly simplified compared to the extraction system for cyclotrons according to the state of prior art.
  • a cyclotron according to the present invention which is intended to accelerate protons to an energy higher than 150 Mev, can have an extraction system composed only of a single electrostatic deflector followed by two or three focusing magnetostatic channels.
  • these magnetostatic channels consist of soft iron bars of rectangular section of small dimension and are consequently of a very low production cost.
  • a cyclotron according to the present invention has the advantage of reducing the volume of iron necessary for producing the poles of the cylinder head compared to those of a cyclotron according to the prior art.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Supraleitendes oder nicht-supraleitendes, kompaktes, isochrones Zyklotron, bei dem das Teilchenbündel durch Sektoren fokussiert wird, wobei das Zyklotron einen Elektromagneten umfaßt, der zwei Pole aufweist und den magnetischen Kreis bildet, der mindestens drei als "Hügel" bezeichnete Sektorpaare aus Sektoren (3 und 3') mit kleinem Eisenspalt aufweist, die durch Zwischenräume in Form von als "Täler" bezeichneten Sektoren (4) mit größerem Eisenspalt getrennt sind, und das Zyklotron durch mindestens ein Spulenpaar aus kreisförmigen Hauptspulen (6), die die Pole des Elektromagneten umgeben, erregt wird; dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der zwischen zwei Hügeln (3 und 3') gelegene Eisenspalt (8) ein im wesentlichen elliptisches Entwicklungsprofil aufweist, das an dem als Radius (Rc) der Hügel bezeichneten, radialen Ende der Hügel in der Mittelebene (10) zu der vollständigen Schließung hin tendiert.
  2. Zyklotron gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich der Eisenspalt (8) zwischen zwei Hügeln (3 und 3') in der Mittelebene (10) bei dem Radius (Rc) der Hügel vollständig schließt.
  3. Zyklotron gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Eisenspalt (8) zwischen zwei Hügeln (3 und 3') bei dem Radius (Rc) der Hügel eine leichte Öffnung aufweist, die vorzugsweise kleiner als die vertikale Abmessung des zu extrahierenden Teilchenbündels ist.
  4. Zyklotron gemäß Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein in Kontinuität mit den Polen des Elektromagneten verwirklichter, magnetischer Shunt (9) jenseits des radialen Endes (Rc) der Hügel zwischen jedem Hügelpaar aus Hügeln (3 und 3') angeordnet ist.
  5. Zyklotron gemäß Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein magnetischer Shunt (9) mit mindestens einer Öffnung (11) versehen ist, um den Durchlauf des extrahierten Teilchenbündels zu ermöglichen.
  6. Zyklotron gemäß Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die magnetischen Shunts (9) die Form eines metallischen Schirms mit einer Dicke zwischen 2 und 10 mm, vorzugsweise ungefähr 6,5 mm haben.
  7. Zyklotron gemäß irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das mit dem Zyklotron verbundene Extraktionssystem aus einem einzigen elektrostatischen Deflektor besteht, auf den vorzugsweise zwei oder drei elektrostatische Fokussierungskanäle folgen.
  8. Verwendung eines Zyklotrons gemäß irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zur Beschleunigung von Protonen auf eine Energie von mehr als 150 MeV.
EP92923442A 1991-11-22 1992-11-20 Kompaktes isochrones zyklotron Expired - Lifetime EP0613607B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE9101080A BE1005530A4 (fr) 1991-11-22 1991-11-22 Cyclotron isochrone
BE9101080 1991-11-22
PCT/BE1992/000050 WO1993010651A1 (fr) 1991-11-22 1992-11-20 Cyclotron isochrone compact

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0613607A1 EP0613607A1 (de) 1994-09-07
EP0613607B1 true EP0613607B1 (de) 1996-03-20

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EP92923442A Expired - Lifetime EP0613607B1 (de) 1991-11-22 1992-11-20 Kompaktes isochrones zyklotron

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US5521469A (de)
EP (1) EP0613607B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3100634B2 (de)
BE (1) BE1005530A4 (de)
CA (1) CA2122583C (de)
DE (1) DE69209312T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0613607T3 (de)
WO (1) WO1993010651A1 (de)

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CN103493603A (zh) * 2010-10-27 2014-01-01 离子束应用股份有限公司 同步回旋加速器

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FR2766049B1 (fr) * 1997-07-09 1999-12-03 Pantechnik Cyclotron compact et son utilisation en proton-therapie
US6414331B1 (en) 1998-03-23 2002-07-02 Gerald A. Smith Container for transporting antiprotons and reaction trap
US5977554A (en) * 1998-03-23 1999-11-02 The Penn State Research Foundation Container for transporting antiprotons
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1993010651A1 (fr) 1993-05-27
JP3100634B2 (ja) 2000-10-16
BE1005530A4 (fr) 1993-09-28
DE69209312T2 (de) 1996-08-22
DE69209312D1 (de) 1996-04-25
CA2122583C (en) 2001-12-11
CA2122583A1 (en) 1993-05-23
DK0613607T3 (da) 1996-08-05
JPH07501171A (ja) 1995-02-02
EP0613607A1 (de) 1994-09-07
US5521469A (en) 1996-05-28

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