EP0222786B1 - Zyklotron - Google Patents

Zyklotron Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0222786B1
EP0222786B1 EP86902291A EP86902291A EP0222786B1 EP 0222786 B1 EP0222786 B1 EP 0222786B1 EP 86902291 A EP86902291 A EP 86902291A EP 86902291 A EP86902291 A EP 86902291A EP 0222786 B1 EP0222786 B1 EP 0222786B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hills
valleys
sectors
cyclotron
air gap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86902291A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0222786A1 (de
Inventor
Yves Jongen
Guido Ryckewaert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universite Catholique de Louvain UCL
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Universite Catholique de Louvain UCL
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Priority to AT86902291T priority Critical patent/ATE54531T1/de
Publication of EP0222786A1 publication Critical patent/EP0222786A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0222786B1 publication Critical patent/EP0222786B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a conventional cyclotron of a new design which makes it possible to significantly reduce the energy requirements.
  • cyclotrons using superconductive coils superconductive cyclotrons
  • cyclotrons using non-superconductive coils conventional cyclotrons
  • Superconducting cyclotrons do not use electrical power to maintain the magnetic field necessary to accelerate particles.
  • the technology of superconducting coils and associated cryogenics remains complex and expensive.
  • these coils required liquid helium as the coolant.
  • the acceleration electrodes generally called “dice” are arranged in the air gap. Consequently, the power supplied to the cyclotron must be relatively high to establish the magnetic field in an air gap of increased size.
  • the vacuum box is very simple and inexpensive.
  • each separate sector is equipped with a pair of coils. These coils are of complex shape (sector-shaped) and, to free the free space between the sectors, they must be of minimum section.
  • a conventional cyclotron of the compact type corresponding to the preamble of claim 1 is known from French Patent Application FR-A-2 176 485.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new type of non-superconductive cyclotron where the electric power required to produce the magnetic field is much lower than in the above-mentioned conventional cyclotrons, namely the "compact" cyclotron and the separate sector cyclotron. ".
  • a cyclotron according to claim 1 comprising a new magnetic structure where there is a small air gap, which reduces the number of amps / revolution required, but also a pair of essentially circular coils and advantageously of large section, which reduces the current density and therefore the electrical power required to produce the number of amps / turn required.
  • Another object of the invention is to avoid in the new structure the mechanical complexity inherent in so-called "separate sector” cyclotrons.
  • This new structure specific to the conventional cyclotron according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least three sectors called “hills” where the air gap is reduced to a dimension close to that of the accelerated beam and where the magnetic flux is essentially concentrated. , separated by sector-shaped spacings called “valleys", where the air gap is very large (for example, but not limited to, where the air gap is of the order of 30 times that of the hills ), so that the magnetic flux is essentially zero and by a single pair of essentially circular coils essentially surrounding the "hills” and the “valleys", flux returns being advantageously arranged outside the coil opposite the "hills ", with a view to closing the magnetic circuit.
  • cyclotron Another advantageous characteristic of the cyclotron according to the invention is that the sectors called “hills” are rigidly assembled on two plates called “yoke” forming covers for the vacuum box and channeling the magnetic flux towards the aforementioned flux returns.
  • the cyclotron preferably comprises four sectors made of a conventional magnetic material.
  • a great advantage of the device according to the invention lies in the fact that the acceleration electrodes can be placed in the "valleys" and that, consequently, the air gap can be reduced to a minimum, that is to say at the location necessary for the circulation of the particles to be accelerated. This results in a notable saving in the energy consumed.
  • Another advantage of the cyclotron according to the design principle of the invention lies in the simplicity of the coils which provide the magnetic induction field.
  • the magnetic flux is concentrated in the "hills" where the air gap is minimum and essentially zero in the "valleys" where the air gap is large.
  • the structure has a symmetry of revolution, with flow returns advantageously arranged in alignment with each of the sectors, which completely eliminates the harmful asymmetries of the magnetic field associated with conventional designs.
  • the design of the cyclotron according to the invention makes it possible to house the vertical beam accelerator electrodes as well as the final stage of the power amplifier directly in the "valleys".
  • the electrode plate is inductively coupled to the cyclotron cavity. The stability of the system is only improved.
  • Conventional cyclotrons also use assemblies of the acceleration electrodes on a vertical beam resonating at half wavelength. These cavities are generally excited from a high frequency power generator, located at a certain distance.
  • Accessory devices such as the outlet conduits, the cyclotron support, the vacuum pumps, are mentioned by way of illustration but are not specific to the cyclotron according to the invention.
  • identical references represent identical or analogous elements.
  • the magnetic structure of the cyclotron has a symmetry with respect to the plane in which the particles are accelerated, called "median plane" 17, for example placed horizontally and with respect to an axis 26 perpendicular to this plane.
  • This magnetic structure consists of a number of elements made of ferromagnetic material (3, 5, 11, 13, 13 ') and a pair of coils made of a conductive material (21, 23).
  • the coils 21 and 23 are essentially circular in shape and are located in the annular space left between the sectors 13 and 13 'and the flow returns 11.
  • these coils have a large section, which results in a low current density. and therefore a low electrical power dissipated to produce the magnetic field.
  • the angular spaces 15 and 15 ', located respectively between the sectors 13 and 13', are called "valleys".
  • the air gap is important, that is to say of very large dimension compared to that of the air gap of the hills because it extends from the upper cylinder head 3 to the cylinder head lower 5. This air gap is, for example, on the order of 30 times greater than the air gap 19.
  • the magnetic flux in the valleys is essentially zero.
  • the central duct 25 is intended to receive, at least in part, the source of particles to be accelerated which are injected into the center of the device by means known per se.
  • the angle of a sector is advantageously of the order of 54 °.
  • a cyclotron according to the invention advantageously comprises the final stages of two high frequency power amplifiers 27 inductively coupled by a loop to the acceleration electrodes 28 with vertical beam 29, which are housed in the "valleys" between the sectors 13, 13 '.
  • the vacuum chamber (31) can advantageously be very simple. It consists of a ring of non-magnetic material, extending from the upper yoke 3 to the lower yoke 5 in the space left between the sectors 13, 13 'and the coils 21, 23.
  • the air gap in the hills is 3 cm and the magnetic field 1.8 T (18 kGs) , while in the valleys the air gap is 106 cm and the magnetic field 0.04 T (0.4 kGs).
  • the number of ampere turns required is 33,000 At per coil, which, with a current density of 50 A / cm 2 in the coils gives a consumed power of 7 kW for the cyclotron according to the invention against 100 kW for a normal cyclotron.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Nicht supraleitendes Zyklotron vom kompakten Typ, das für die Beschleunigung eines Teilchenbündels bestimmt ist, und das eine magnetische Struktur aufweist, die symmetrisch ist bezüglich einer Mittelebene (17), in der die Teilchen mittels Beschleunigungselektroden (28) beschleunigt werden, und bezüglich einer zu dieser Mittelebene senkrechten Achse (26);
wobei die besagte magnetische Struktur besteht aus:
zwei Grundplatten (3, 5), die im wesentlichen koaxial zu der Achse (26), und parallel und symmetrisch zu der Mittelebene (17) angeordnet sind, wobei die eine Platte (3) über dieser Mittelebene, und die andere Platte (5) unter dieser Mittelebene gelegen ist;
mindestens drei oberen Segmenten (13) und einer gleichen Anzahl von unteren Segmenten (13'), die an den Platten (3) bzw. (5) starr befestigt sind und symmetrisch zu der Mittelebene (17) in einem gewissen axialen Abstand einander gegenüber gelegen sind, wobei die diametral einander gegenüberliegenden Segmente symmetrisch zu der Achse (26) angeordnet sind und abwechselnde Gebiete bilden, die "Berge" (13, 13') und Täler (15, 15') genannt werden, und wobei der axiale Abstand der Segmente (13, 13') einen Zwischenraum (19) der Berge, und der axiale Abstand der Grundplatten (3, 5) einen Zwischenraum der Täler bildet;
Magnetfluß-Rückleitungssegmenten (11), über die die Grundplatten (3, 5) starr miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Grundplatten (3, 5), die Segmente (13, 13'), und die Magnetfluß-Rückleitungssegmente (11) aus ferromagnetischen Materialien verwirklicht sind;
und einem Paar im wesentlichen kreisförmigen Spulen (21, 23), die im wesentlichen die Berge (13, 13') und die Täler (15, 15') umgeben;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
der Zwischenraum (19) der Berge ungefähr der axialen Ausdehnung des beschleunigten Teilchenbündels entspricht, und daß der Magnetfluß im wesentlichen darin konzentriert ist, während der Zwischenraum der Täler gegenüber dem Zwischenraum der Berge sehr groß ist, damit der Magnetfluß in den Tälern im wesentlichen Null ist.
2. Zyklotron gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die "Berge" genannten Segmente an einem einzelnen Teil aus ferromagnetischem Material befestigt sind.
3. Zyklotron gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zwischenraum der Täler (15, 15') ungefähr 30 mal so groß wie der Zwischenraum (19) der Berge (13, 13') ist.
4. Zyklotron gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es Magnetfluß-Rückleitungssegmente (11) aufweist, die außerhalb des Paars ringförmiger Spulen (21, 23), gegenüber den Bergen (13, 13') angeordnet sind, um den magnetischen Kreis herzustellen.
5. Zyklotron gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Berge genannten Segmente (13, 13') einen Winkel von ungefähr 54° aufweisen.
6. Zyklotron gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschleunigungselektroden (28) in den Tälern (15, 15') angeordnet sind.
7. Zyklotron gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Endstufe eines Leistungsverstärkers (27) in den Tälern (15, 15') angebracht ist.
8. Zyklotron gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Endstufe eines Leistungsverstärkers (27) an die Beschleunigungselektroden (28) induktiv angekoppelt ist.
EP86902291A 1985-05-10 1986-04-30 Zyklotron Expired - Lifetime EP0222786B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86902291T ATE54531T1 (de) 1985-05-10 1986-04-30 Zyklotron.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
LU85895 1985-05-10
LU85895A LU85895A1 (fr) 1985-05-10 1985-05-10 Cyclotron

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0222786A1 EP0222786A1 (de) 1987-05-27
EP0222786B1 true EP0222786B1 (de) 1990-07-11

Family

ID=19730465

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86902291A Expired - Lifetime EP0222786B1 (de) 1985-05-10 1986-04-30 Zyklotron

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4771208A (de)
EP (1) EP0222786B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0654719B2 (de)
DE (1) DE3672566D1 (de)
LU (1) LU85895A1 (de)
WO (1) WO1986006924A1 (de)

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US7728311B2 (en) 2005-11-18 2010-06-01 Still River Systems Incorporated Charged particle radiation therapy
US8003964B2 (en) 2007-10-11 2011-08-23 Still River Systems Incorporated Applying a particle beam to a patient
US8581523B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2013-11-12 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Interrupted particle source
US8791656B1 (en) 2013-05-31 2014-07-29 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Active return system
US8927950B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2015-01-06 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Focusing a particle beam
US8933650B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2015-01-13 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Matching a resonant frequency of a resonant cavity to a frequency of an input voltage
US8952634B2 (en) 2004-07-21 2015-02-10 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Programmable radio frequency waveform generator for a synchrocyclotron
US9155186B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2015-10-06 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Focusing a particle beam using magnetic field flutter
US9185789B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2015-11-10 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Magnetic shims to alter magnetic fields
US9301384B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2016-03-29 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Adjusting energy of a particle beam
US9545528B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2017-01-17 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Controlling particle therapy
US9962560B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2018-05-08 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Collimator and energy degrader
US10258810B2 (en) 2013-09-27 2019-04-16 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Particle beam scanning

Families Citing this family (29)

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BE1003551A3 (fr) * 1989-11-21 1992-04-21 Ion Beam Applic Sa Cyclotrons focalises par secteurs.
US5139731A (en) * 1991-05-13 1992-08-18 Cti, Incorporated System and method for increasing the efficiency of a cyclotron
BE1005530A4 (fr) * 1991-11-22 1993-09-28 Ion Beam Applic Sa Cyclotron isochrone
US5463291A (en) * 1993-12-23 1995-10-31 Carroll; Lewis Cyclotron and associated magnet coil and coil fabricating process
BE1009669A3 (fr) * 1995-10-06 1997-06-03 Ion Beam Applic Sa Methode d'extraction de particules chargees hors d'un cyclotron isochrone et dispositif appliquant cette methode.
US6576916B2 (en) 1998-03-23 2003-06-10 Penn State Research Foundation Container for transporting antiprotons and reaction trap
US5977554A (en) * 1998-03-23 1999-11-02 The Penn State Research Foundation Container for transporting antiprotons
US6414331B1 (en) 1998-03-23 2002-07-02 Gerald A. Smith Container for transporting antiprotons and reaction trap
SE513190C2 (sv) * 1998-09-29 2000-07-24 Gems Pet Systems Ab Metod och system för minimerande av magnetstorlek i en cyclotron
EP1069809A1 (de) * 1999-07-13 2001-01-17 Ion Beam Applications S.A. Isochrones Zyklotron und Verfahren zum Entfernen von geladenen Teilchen aus diesem Zyklotron
EP1385362A1 (de) * 2002-07-22 2004-01-28 Ion Beam Applications S.A. Zyklotron mit neuen Teilchenstrahl-Ablenkungsmitteln
WO2007130164A2 (en) * 2006-01-19 2007-11-15 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology High-field superconducting synchrocyclotron
US7656258B1 (en) 2006-01-19 2010-02-02 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Magnet structure for particle acceleration
US8153997B2 (en) * 2009-05-05 2012-04-10 General Electric Company Isotope production system and cyclotron
EP2410823B1 (de) * 2010-07-22 2012-11-28 Ion Beam Applications Zyklotron, das in der Lage ist, mindestens zwei Teilchentypen zu beschleunigen
US9723705B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2017-08-01 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Controlling intensity of a particle beam
US9622335B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2017-04-11 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Magnetic field regenerator
JP6121546B2 (ja) 2012-09-28 2017-04-26 メビオン・メディカル・システムズ・インコーポレーテッド 粒子加速器用の制御システム
US10254739B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2019-04-09 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Coil positioning system
US9730308B2 (en) 2013-06-12 2017-08-08 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Particle accelerator that produces charged particles having variable energies
US10675487B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2020-06-09 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Energy degrader enabling high-speed energy switching
US9661736B2 (en) 2014-02-20 2017-05-23 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Scanning system for a particle therapy system
DE102014003536A1 (de) * 2014-03-13 2015-09-17 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Fachbereich Patente Supraleitender Magnetfeldstabilisator
US9950194B2 (en) 2014-09-09 2018-04-24 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Patient positioning system
US10786689B2 (en) 2015-11-10 2020-09-29 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Adaptive aperture
US10925147B2 (en) 2016-07-08 2021-02-16 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Treatment planning
US11103730B2 (en) 2017-02-23 2021-08-31 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Automated treatment in particle therapy
EP3645111A1 (de) 2017-06-30 2020-05-06 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Unter verwendung von linearmotoren gesteuerter, konfigurierbarer kollimator
US11291861B2 (en) 2019-03-08 2022-04-05 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Delivery of radiation by column and generating a treatment plan therefor

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US4445102A (en) * 1981-11-19 1984-04-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Magnet pole tips

Cited By (19)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8952634B2 (en) 2004-07-21 2015-02-10 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Programmable radio frequency waveform generator for a synchrocyclotron
US8344340B2 (en) 2005-11-18 2013-01-01 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Inner gantry
US9452301B2 (en) 2005-11-18 2016-09-27 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Inner gantry
US8907311B2 (en) 2005-11-18 2014-12-09 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Charged particle radiation therapy
US8916843B2 (en) 2005-11-18 2014-12-23 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Inner gantry
US7728311B2 (en) 2005-11-18 2010-06-01 Still River Systems Incorporated Charged particle radiation therapy
US8003964B2 (en) 2007-10-11 2011-08-23 Still River Systems Incorporated Applying a particle beam to a patient
US8941083B2 (en) 2007-10-11 2015-01-27 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Applying a particle beam to a patient
US8970137B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2015-03-03 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Interrupted particle source
US8581523B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2013-11-12 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Interrupted particle source
US8933650B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2015-01-13 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Matching a resonant frequency of a resonant cavity to a frequency of an input voltage
US9155186B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2015-10-06 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Focusing a particle beam using magnetic field flutter
US8927950B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2015-01-06 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Focusing a particle beam
US9185789B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2015-11-10 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Magnetic shims to alter magnetic fields
US9301384B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2016-03-29 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Adjusting energy of a particle beam
US9545528B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2017-01-17 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Controlling particle therapy
US8791656B1 (en) 2013-05-31 2014-07-29 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Active return system
US10258810B2 (en) 2013-09-27 2019-04-16 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Particle beam scanning
US9962560B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2018-05-08 Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. Collimator and energy degrader

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS63501533A (ja) 1988-06-09
JPH0654719B2 (ja) 1994-07-20
DE3672566D1 (de) 1990-08-16
LU85895A1 (fr) 1986-12-05
EP0222786A1 (de) 1987-05-27
WO1986006924A1 (fr) 1986-11-20
US4771208A (en) 1988-09-13

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