EP0813223A1 - Magnetfelderzeugungsvorrichtung und ECR Ionenquelle dafür - Google Patents

Magnetfelderzeugungsvorrichtung und ECR Ionenquelle dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0813223A1
EP0813223A1 EP97401294A EP97401294A EP0813223A1 EP 0813223 A1 EP0813223 A1 EP 0813223A1 EP 97401294 A EP97401294 A EP 97401294A EP 97401294 A EP97401294 A EP 97401294A EP 0813223 A1 EP0813223 A1 EP 0813223A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic
axial
field
target
systems
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97401294A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0813223B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Yves Pacquet
Renan Leroy
Nathalie Lecesne
Pascal Sortais
Antonio Villari
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication of EP0813223A1 publication Critical patent/EP0813223A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J27/00—Ion beam tubes
    • H01J27/02—Ion sources; Ion guns
    • H01J27/16—Ion sources; Ion guns using high-frequency excitation, e.g. microwave excitation
    • H01J27/18—Ion sources; Ion guns using high-frequency excitation, e.g. microwave excitation with an applied axial magnetic field

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of magnetic devices for creating a magnetic field, in particular for application to an ECR source (source with Electronic Cyclotronic Resonance).
  • ECR source source with Electronic Cyclotronic Resonance
  • Such sources are used to produce ions, for example radioactive ions.
  • the process used to produce radioactive ions with such a source consists in bombarding a thick target with a beam of high energy heavy ions.
  • the beam of heavy ions stops in the target and produces elements by fragmentation of this one, or of the projectile.
  • the target is heated to a very high temperature, around 2000 ° C, in order to decrease the exit times of the created elements.
  • the latter then diffuse towards an ECR source in which they are ionized, in order to be accelerated by a cyclotron.
  • the target is distant from the plasma of an ECR source by a few tens of centimeters.
  • the transport of the elements produced by the impact of the ion beam on the target is ensured by a tube connecting the latter to the ECR source.
  • the elements diffuse from the target to the source via this tube.
  • FIG. 1 represents a known ECR source, also called ECR4.
  • This type of device comprises the combination, in a microwave cavity, of a high frequency electromagnetic field and a magnetic field.
  • the amplitude of the magnetic field is chosen so that the associated electronic cyclotron frequency is equal to the frequency of the electromagnetic field: this condition allows a strong ionization of neutral atoms, since the emitted electrons are strongly accelerated due to electronic cyclotron resonance.
  • Magnets 2, 4 are provided, arranged symmetrically with respect to an axis AA 'which crosses a zone 6, or plasma confinement zone.
  • a high frequency injection line 8, coaxial, is aligned along the axis AA '.
  • the ions are extracted through an opening 10, also with axial symmetry AA ′, for example using extraction electrodes placed near the orifice 10.
  • the available space is occupied on the one hand by the magnets 2, 4 and on the other hand by the coaxial injection line 8.
  • the target must therefore be placed at a distance, and the produced species must be transported from this target to containment zone 6.
  • the environment magnet or coil
  • the device illustrated in FIG. 2 schematically represents a target-source assembly, called "Nanomafira; this set is described in the Communication by P. Sortais et al.” Developments of compact permanent magnets ECRIS “, 12th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources, April 25-27, 1995, Riken, Japan.
  • a set of magnets 12, 14, 16 is placed around a plasma confinement zone 18.
  • a target 20 is placed, at the end of a high frequency injection line 22, radial or coaxial. designed to be able to direct a primary beam 26 towards the target 20: thus, the place of production of the species (interaction zone between the beam 26 and the target 20) is close to the plasma confinement zone 18.
  • type of device makes it possible to efficiently produce condensable elements, in particular radioactive elements.
  • the magnetized zones arranged in a cone of 150 ° around the axis of the beam 26, and the apex of which can be approximately located in the target 20, are subjected to, in some s hours of operation, rapid demagnetization effects, due to the energy neutrons emitted by the interaction of the primary beam with the target.
  • any modification of existing structures is very delicate, because the ECR sources are intended to be coupled to generators of ion beams or particles, and possibly to means of studying the ions produced: the environment of these structures is therefore very restrictive.
  • the coaxial structure chosen makes it possible to obtain a compact device, close to which a target can be placed: thus, the problems associated with transport of elements via a tube are avoided.
  • such a structure makes it possible to direct a primary beam of particles, in the direction of a target, without the magnetic elements being exposed to the neutrons induced by the primary beam.
  • this structure makes it possible to minimize the assemblies to be changed after long-term operation: all of the magnetic elements being distributed coaxially, and nested one inside the other, a translation of one of the elements relative to the others is possible, which allows to clear this element to have access to it.
  • the structure according to the invention proves all the more advantageous, in an ECR source, that the spatial and space constraints are extremely critical in this type of source.
  • the system is dimensioned so that the ratio L 1 / L, where L is the length of the set of magnetic elements with multipolar structure and where L1 is the length of the device, measured parallel to the axis of common symmetry, is less than 1.5.
  • One (or more) insulating element (s), coaxial (coaxial) to the N magnetic systems and to the set of magnetic means with multipolar structure, can also be provided in the device: all the insulating elements of the devices known according to the prior art have a geometry which depends on the geometry of the source, and this results insulators of fairly complex shape. In the context of the present invention, the insulator (or insulators) is (are) on the contrary very simple in shape, since it (s) has (s) an axial symmetry.
  • N 2
  • Such a device makes it possible to obtain a minimum B field structure.
  • the interior system can comprise a single magnetic system, making it possible to establish an axial field gradient, at one end of the outermost system.
  • the interior system can comprise two magnetic subsystems, making it possible to establish an axial field gradient at each of the two ends of the outermost system.
  • the invention also relates to an ECR source comprising a device for generating a magnetic field, as described above, the interior or magnetic volume with a multipolar structure defining a confinement enclosure for plasma, and means for placing a target, of preferably at one end of the multipole structure.
  • Such a device also comprises means for injecting a primary beam in the direction of a target, allowing the injection of the primary beam along the axis common to the N magnetic systems and to the magnetic means with multipolar structure.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing radioactive ions using an ECR source as described above.
  • Such a process allows the production of ions, including condensable or unstable elements: in fact, the ECR source then does not require any tube to transport the elements.
  • FIG. 3 schematically represents a device according to the invention, comprising a multipolar system 32, making it possible to generate a magnetic field with radial symmetry, around an axis MM 'of a confinement zone 34.
  • the multipolar system 32 can be for example of the type described in the document by R. Geller entitled “Micromafios, multicharged ion source based on the cyclotron resonance of the electrons", published in "Revue de Physique Applée", vol. 15, n ° 5, MAY 1980, page 995-1005. It can also be a multipole structure of the type described in European patent application (CEA) EP-138 642.
  • An axial component is superimposed on the radial component of the magnetic field.
  • This axial component is obtained using a set A 1 , ... A N of coaxial and nested magnetic systems.
  • Each system A i has an axial symmetry around the axis MM ', which is therefore common to all of the N magnetic systems making it possible to obtain the axial component of the magnetic field, but also to the multipolar system 32.
  • the resulting axial magnetic field B a is the sum of the magnetic fields obtained with each of the elements A i .
  • all of the magnetic systems are configured so as to produce a magnetic field B having a "minimum" structure.
  • the magnetic field is then formed by the superposition of the multipolar radial component, which has a minimum amplitude in the central part of the cavity, and of an axial magnetic field with symmetry of revolution, having a gradient following axis MM ′, the resulting magnetic field is adjusted so that there exists in the cavity at least one ply 35 completely closed, and having no contact with the walls of the cavity, ply on which the condition of electronic cyclotron resonance is satisfied, so as to obtain an ionization of the gas passing through it.
  • FIG. 4 presents a device according to the invention, comprising a multipole structure 32 intended to generate the radial component of the field, and a set of two systems A 1 , A 2 making it possible to generate the axial component of the magnetic field in the manner described above.
  • Closed surfaces, of magnetic equimodules 36, 38 are obtained inside the confinement zone 34.
  • a field electromagnetic HF is injected into this area 34 by means not shown in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the internal layer 36 corresponds to the resonant layer (the electronic cyclotron frequency is equal to the frequency of the electromagnetic field); the external ply 38 corresponds to a closed surface of magnetic equimodule having no contact with the walls of the cavity 34.
  • each of the systems A i contributing to the axial component of the magnetic field, can be composed of neither magnetic subsystems A i1 , ... A in . These magnetic subsystems are not necessarily juxtaposed: this is the case of the A2 system (A21 and A22 subsystems) of Figure 3.
  • each level of the magnetic system A i will be able to configure each level of the magnetic system A i , so as to obtain a desired, predetermined configuration of axial field.
  • the arrangement of the various elements, coaxial and mechanically nested one inside the other allows, in the event of one of them failing, to perform a simple translation of said element (movement symbolized by the arrow 40 for the system A n-1 of FIG. 3) to repair this element or replace it with another element.
  • the zones or surfaces S 1 , S 2 defined by the ends of the multipolar structure 32, as well as their vicinity, are available to be able to have in the immediate vicinity of the plasma, or the plasma confinement zone, an assembly consisting of a target 42, with its heating and cooling systems, its diagnostic means (for example thermocouple), its mechanical holding, dismantling and intervention devices, its reflectors, etc.
  • This arrangement is therefore much more flexible to use than the devices of the prior art, which often required an installation of the target at a distance from the confinement zone 34 such that means of transport or transit of the species produced had to be planned.
  • the fact of being able to install a target near one of the ends S 1 , S 2 of the multipolar structure makes it possible to efficiently produce radioactive or condensable species, the lifetimes of which are very weak (of the order of a millisecond).
  • this structure is compatible with a positioning of a high energy incident beam 44 along the axis MM ', directed towards the target 42.
  • such a device can be dimensioned so that the internal diameter ⁇ of the multipolar system 32 and the total length L of the magnetic device are in a ratio ⁇ / L of between 0.1 and 0.8 .
  • a target 42 is positioned near an end S 2 of the multipolar system 32, to immediately expose the elements produced to from the target to a plasma seen under a large width, for a determined volume of plasma. The production of ionized species is improved.
  • the different assemblies constituting the magnetic structure according to the invention are presented as coaxial cylinders, nested one inside the other; this has the effect of making them independent mechanically, but also electrically.
  • the structure of magnetic devices according to the invention is compatible with the introduction of an insulating element also having an axial symmetry with respect to the axis MM '.
  • this isolation element can be introduced at several levels, for example in the zone 46 outside the magnetic system A 1 or in the zone 48 between the system A 1 and the system A2 or in the zone 50 included between the A2 system and the multipolar system 32.
  • isolation can be done at different diameters: between the multipoles and the axial system, or between the components of the axial system; it is also possible to make insulations on several diameters, which allows higher voltages to be maintained.
  • the insulating elements are generally made of PVC or Bakelite.
  • FIG. 5A represents a device according to the invention, comprising a multipole element 32 as described above, and two systems A 1 , A 2 for producing the axial field.
  • the outermost system, A 1 makes it possible to establish an average axial field.
  • the system inside A 2 has a single magnetic subsystem, allowing an axial field gradient to be established at one end of the outside system A 1 .
  • FIG. 5B represents the evolution, along the axis MM 'of the radial component obtained by A 1 (mean field: curve I 5 ), of the gradient induced by the subsystem A 2 (modulation, curve II 5 ), and of the resulting axial field (curve III 5 ).
  • the resulting axial field has a mirror ratio B f / B min greater than 1.1: this criterion clearly establishes that a minimum field structure is obtained.
  • FIG. 6A represents another structure of a device according to the invention, with multipolar system 32 around an axis MM ', and two systems A 1 , A 2 for producing the axial field.
  • the system A2 is broken down into two subsystems A 21 and A 22 , each of these subsystems making it possible to establish, at one end of the external system A 1 , an axial field gradient.
  • the polarities of these elements are represented in FIG. 6A by arrows.
  • the curves I 6 , II 6 , III 6 represent, in FIG. 6B, the respective evolution of the mean field, of the modulation fields, and of the resulting total field.
  • the mirror ratio is greater than or equal to 1.1, this results in a minimum structure.
  • FIG. 7A represents another structure with two levels of magnetic systems A 1 and A 2 for producing the axial component of the magnetic field.
  • FIG. 7B shows the evolution, along the axis MM ', of the mean axial field (obtained using the system A 1 : curve I 7 ), of the axial modulation field (obtained by the combined action of the subsystems A 21 , A 22 : curve II 7 ; curve II ' 7 represents the axial field resulting from the action of the system A 2 ), and the total resulting axial field (curve III 7 ).
  • a minimum field structure is obtained (the criterion being the obtaining of a mirror ratio B f / B min greater than or equal to 1.1).
  • FIG. 8A A fourth embodiment of a device, with two levels of magnetic systems for obtaining the axial component of the field, is shown in FIG. 8A.
  • the difference again lies in the magnetization of the subsystem A 22 .
  • the mean axial field obtained by the system A 1 evolves as illustrated by the curve I 8 in FIG. 8B.
  • the curves II 8 represent the evolution of the axial modulation field, the curve II ' 8 representing the evolution of the component of the axial field resulting from the system A 2 .
  • Curve III8 represents the axial evolution of the total resulting axial field. Again, we can clearly see that a minimum structure has been obtained (B f / B min greater than or equal to 1.1).
  • the system A 1 can be constituted by a coil, the modulation systems (A 2 , A 22 , A 21 ) being constituted by permanent magnets or coils.
  • FIGS. 3 to 8A are, in the case of a ECR source, combined with means for injecting HF radiation into the confinement zone 32, with means for placing a target, with means for injecting a primary beam towards the position of a target and with means for extracting ions from a plasma formed in the confinement zone.
  • FIG. 9 represents an example of an ECR source using a magnetic structure according to the invention.
  • the multipolar element 32 of an external system A 1 of cylindrical coils making it possible to establish an average axial field in the zone 34 for confining a plasma 35.
  • a second level of means magnetic A 2 (in fact, composed of two permanent cylindrical magnets A 21 and A 22 ) allows to establish the gradients necessary for the modulation of the axial field, inside the confinement zone 34.
  • a target 42, and its heating means, are arranged near one end of the multipolar system 32.
  • Means 52 allow lateral injection of high frequency radiation into the confinement zone 34.
  • the device in FIG. 9 further comprises means 54 allowing the target and its environment to be cooled, a passage 56 for the connection of a thermocouple, itself located near the target, and a current inlet 58 for heating the target.
  • FIG. 9 also includes an insulating cylinder 60, placed between the two systems A 1 and A 2 for the production of the axial component of the magnetic field.
  • the target 42 is bombarded by an incident ion beam 44 whose direction is aligned on the common axis of the magnetic device A 1 -A 2 .
  • the plasma ions are extracted through the same opening, using extraction electrodes 62.
  • the fact of positioning the target 42 near one of the ends of the multipolar system 32 makes it possible to bombard it with a high-energy incident ion beam 44 which passes through the extraction system, while now the structures, sensitive to neutrons, producing the magnetic field, at angles greater than 90 ° relative to the axis MM '.
  • the device according to the invention for producing a magnetic field, does not prevent, if necessary, from placing a target far from the source.
  • the evolution, along the axis MM ', of the various components of the magnetic field obtained with the device illustrated in FIG. 9, is represented in FIG. 10.
  • the curve I represents the evolution of the component due to the system A 1 only (this system consists of a coil supplied at 700 amps), curve II represents the evolution of the axial component due to the system A 2 alone (system consisting of magnets A 21 and A 22 ).
  • Curve III represents the axial field resulting from the contribution of each of the systems A 1 and A 2 . This curve III shows again, that a minimum field structure is well obtained.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
EP19970401294 1996-06-11 1997-06-09 Magnetfelderzeugungsvorrichtung und ECR Ionenquelle dafür Expired - Lifetime EP0813223B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9607228 1996-06-11
FR9607228A FR2749703B1 (fr) 1996-06-11 1996-06-11 Dispositif pour engendrer un champ magnetique et source ecr comportant ce dispositif

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EP0813223A1 true EP0813223A1 (de) 1997-12-17
EP0813223B1 EP0813223B1 (de) 2002-04-10

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DE (1) DE69711764T2 (de)
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19933762A1 (de) * 1999-07-19 2001-02-01 Andrae Juergen Gepulste magnetische Öffnung von Elektronen-Zyklotron-Resonanz-Jonenquellen zur Erzeugung kurzer, stromstarker Pulse hoch geladener Ionen oder von Elektronen
WO2011001051A1 (fr) 2009-06-29 2011-01-06 Quertech Ingenierie Système magnétique formant des surfaces iso modules fermées à partir de structures magnétiques de type «cusp» et sources d'ions de type rce mettant en oeuvre un tel système

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10306936B3 (de) * 2003-02-19 2004-06-24 Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH Multi-Mode-Metall-Ionenquelle mit der Struktur einer Hohlkathoden-Sputter-Ionenquelle mit radialer Ionenextraktion

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0138642A1 (de) * 1983-08-30 1985-04-24 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Mittels Dauermagneten und Solenoiden erzeugte ferromagnetische Struktur einer Ionenquelle

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0138642A1 (de) * 1983-08-30 1985-04-24 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Mittels Dauermagneten und Solenoiden erzeugte ferromagnetische Struktur einer Ionenquelle

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GELLER R ET AL: "MICROMAFIOS SOURCE D'IONS MULTICHARGES BASEE SUR LA RESONANCE CYCLOTRONIQUE DES ELECTRONS", REVUE DE PHYSIQUE APPLIQUEE, vol. 15, no. 5, May 1980 (1980-05-01), pages 995 - 1005, XP000608558 *
SORTAIS P ET AL: "DEVELOPMENTS OF COMPACT PERMANENT MAGNET ECRIS", INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ECR ION SOURCES, 1995, pages 44 - 52, XP000609281 *
ZUQI XIE ET AL: "ENHANCED ECR ION SOURCE PERFORMANCE WITH AN ELECTRON GUN", REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, vol. 62, no. 3, 1 March 1991 (1991-03-01), pages 775 - 778, XP000224324 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19933762A1 (de) * 1999-07-19 2001-02-01 Andrae Juergen Gepulste magnetische Öffnung von Elektronen-Zyklotron-Resonanz-Jonenquellen zur Erzeugung kurzer, stromstarker Pulse hoch geladener Ionen oder von Elektronen
DE19933762C2 (de) * 1999-07-19 2002-10-17 Juergen Andrae Gepulste magnetische Öffnung von Elektronen-Zyklotron-Resonanz-Jonenquellen zur Erzeugung kurzer, stromstarker Pulse hoch geladener Ionen oder von Elektronen
WO2011001051A1 (fr) 2009-06-29 2011-01-06 Quertech Ingenierie Système magnétique formant des surfaces iso modules fermées à partir de structures magnétiques de type «cusp» et sources d'ions de type rce mettant en oeuvre un tel système

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0813223B1 (de) 2002-04-10
FR2749703B1 (fr) 1998-07-24
DE69711764T2 (de) 2002-11-14
FR2749703A1 (fr) 1997-12-12
DE69711764D1 (de) 2002-05-16

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