EP0612130B1 - Appareil pour l'excitation non-thermique et l'ionisation de vapeurs et de gaz - Google Patents

Appareil pour l'excitation non-thermique et l'ionisation de vapeurs et de gaz Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0612130B1
EP0612130B1 EP94102010A EP94102010A EP0612130B1 EP 0612130 B1 EP0612130 B1 EP 0612130B1 EP 94102010 A EP94102010 A EP 94102010A EP 94102010 A EP94102010 A EP 94102010A EP 0612130 B1 EP0612130 B1 EP 0612130B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode elements
electrode
modules
electrodes
module
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94102010A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0612130A1 (fr
Inventor
Ernst Dr. Rohrer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UP-TO-DATE FINANCE AG
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0612130A1 publication Critical patent/EP0612130A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0612130B1 publication Critical patent/EP0612130B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T23/00—Apparatus for generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases, e.g. into the atmosphere
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T19/00—Devices providing for corona discharge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the non-thermal excitation of vapors and gases by means of electric fields according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Discharges are flows of electrical current through a gas. They are divided into different forms according to their current-voltage characteristics, e.g. Townsend (independent and dependent dark discharges), corona or barrier discharges, normal and abnormal glow, sparks and arc discharges.
  • Townsend independent and dependent dark discharges
  • corona or barrier discharges corona or barrier discharges
  • normal and abnormal glow sparks and arc discharges.
  • corona and glow discharges are used for weak excitations up to multi-stage ionization (cold plasma). Spark and arc discharges are not required for non-thermal processes.
  • Previously known excitation devices can be divided into two basic types: devices with plate-shaped, flat electrodes and devices with concentric, tubular electrodes.
  • polymerizations can also occur, which can result in a mist of polymers, which is deposited on the electrodes or the dielectric and thus changes the discharge conditions.
  • Such phenomena are known e.g. in the treatment of gases containing styrene or ethylene oxide. When such gases are excited, the polymerization of the monomers is initiated and the barrier material and / or the electrodes are coated with a polymer layer after a short time. As a result, an additional insulation layer is created and the discharges lose their intensity.
  • US-A-4 126 434 shows an electrostatic dust collector in which each electrode has a multiplicity of rod-shaped electrode elements which run in the vertical direction and are combined into modules. With this geometry, too, condensates or deposits would occur under the conditions mentioned above, which would disrupt the discharge process.
  • US-A-4 940 894 describes an electrode geometry in which a tubular high-voltage electrode is arranged above a drum-shaped ground electrode. Such an arrangement would not be very efficient for exciting gases or vapors and would also be susceptible to condensate deposits.
  • the task arises to design a device that does not have these disadvantages.
  • the device should enable the problem-free treatment of moist gases and polymerizing vapors.
  • the invention is derived from the principle of parallel plate electrodes. At least one electrode is divided into a larger number of small, rod-shaped electrode elements. Each electrode element is surrounded by a protective jacket.
  • the protective jacket is preferably made of a chemically and thermally stable material that is also resistant to the fields and discharges.
  • An advantage of the excitation cell according to the invention is that the gas flow takes place in a non-laminar manner even at low flow rates. This largely prevents deposits on the protective sheaths of the electrodes, since the condensate cannot deposit at all or is immediately blown away again.
  • the arrangement of the electrodes is selected such that any condensate drops deposited are brought by gravity and / or the gas flow into an area of the protective jacket where the electric field is small and therefore cannot have a strong influence on the discharge process.
  • the cell can also be constructed in such a way that the electrode spacing and thus the field strength can be varied by simple mechanical manipulation. This allows a simple adjustment of the field strength to the respective operating requirements and the achievement of very high fields.
  • FIG. 1 The basic structure of an exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the excitation cell shown here consists of a plurality of rod-shaped, horizontally lying electrode elements 1, which are held at both ends by vertically extending webs 2, 2 'and 3, 3'.
  • the cell is thus subdivided into a plurality of modules arranged upright, each module consisting of two opposing webs and the electrode elements held equidistantly therein.
  • All electrode elements of a module are electrically connected to rails 11 via leads 4.
  • the modules are alternately grounded or connected to a phase P.
  • the gas flow G through the cell is preferably from top to bottom. As discussed below, this reduces the influence of deposited condensate drops on the field distribution.
  • FIG. 2 shows a vertical section through a module with the next module located behind it.
  • Each electrode element 1 is surrounded by a protective jacket 5.
  • a tube of suitable diameter is preferably used as the protective sheath, which consists of a chemically and thermally stable material which is also resistant to the electrical fields and discharges. Pipes made of quartz, homogeneous ceramics or special glasses such as borosilicate melts are particularly suitable for this.
  • the protective jacket 5 protects the electrode element 1, which consists of a conductive material.
  • electrode material e.g. non-insulated copper strands are used. Thanks to the irregular surfaces of these strands, the discharges can start from many individual surface points and not only build up in a few places (peak discharge). This also results in greater tolerances for the positioning and alignment of the electrodes without impairing the homogeneity of the discharge or the field.
  • the protective sleeves 5 are closed at one end 6, while at the other end 7 they have an opening for the introduction of the electrode element 1. This opening is sealed gas-tight against the electrode material. Thanks to this structure, gas or plasma remains enclosed in the interior of the protective jacket. This highly reactive mixture cannot therefore escape to the outside where it could cause damage to the webs 2, 2 ', 3, 3', for example. Air, but also a suitable protective gas can be used as the gas in the interior of the protective jacket.
  • FIG. 3 shows a horizontal section through two electrode elements of adjacent modules in the area of the webs.
  • the protective jackets in the area of the webs are preferably provided with protective electrodes 9, 10. It can e.g. are at least weakly electrically conductive foils, hoses or coatings, as are known to the person skilled in the art. These protective earths are arranged between the protective jackets and the bars.
  • the end 6 of the one protective jacket, the electrode element of which is in phase is provided with a protective electrode 9 which is grounded.
  • the protective electrode 10 of the end 7 of the second protective jacket, the electrode element of which is on earth, is also connected to the earth. The field in the area of the webs 2, 2 'between the electrode elements is thus small.
  • adjacent modules can be arranged offset from one another, so that, for example, each electrode element of a module comes to lie at the height between the electrode elements of the adjacent modules. This results in an optimally homogeneous field.
  • FIG. 4 shows a vertical section through the webs.
  • the cell is preferably constructed in such a way that adjacent modules can be displaced in the vertical direction relative to one another, as is indicated by the arrows S. This makes it possible to regulate the electrode spacing and thus the electrical field and the discharge.
  • FIG. 4 shows a possible structure of the webs 2, 2 '.
  • the webs here consist of strips of an elastic material, e.g. based on silicone. In these webs are formed on one side edge at regular intervals for receiving the electrode elements, respectively. protective coats attached. Thanks to the elastic design of the webs, the protective sleeves can be snapped into these recesses.
  • This construction has the advantage that damaged electrode elements can be easily replaced, since they can easily be removed from the web and reinserted therein.
  • the connections of the electrode elements to the rails 11 are preferably designed to be pluggable.
  • FIG. 5 shows an alternative web structure, in which the webs 2, 2 'each consist of a spacer strip 13 and a strip 12, the electrode elements 1 and the protective sleeves 5 being arranged in the strip 12.
  • the strip 12 may e.g. are a layer of a curable, electrically insulating and durable sealing material, in which the protective sheaths 5 are integrated.
  • FIG. 6 shows a possible constructive embodiment of the termination of a protective jacket 5 in the end region of the electrode element 1.
  • the tube in the region 14 was heated and squeezed together. So that results a tight seal of the protective jacket.
  • the cross section of the protective jacket can be selected in the region 14. In the present example, a square cross section was chosen.
  • Figure 7 shows a section through webs that hold such closed protective sheaths. Thanks to the narrowing of the protective sleeves in the area of the webs caused by the crushing, the protective sleeves are held very well in the webs.
  • a gas stream is passed through the cell from above. Thanks to the many individual electrode rods, the gas flow does not flow through the cell in a laminar manner, even with small gas flows. This results in better gas mixing and a longer gas path, which increases the efficiency of the excitation. In addition, the turbulence has the effect that any condensate deposited on the protective sleeves of the electrode rods is carried away and that the deposition of condensate is made more difficult.
  • FIG. 1 shows only one of the possibilities for building an excitation cell according to the invention.
  • part of the electrode elements can be replaced by electrode plates.
  • the electrodes can also be used in other directions and do not necessarily all have to be arranged in parallel.
  • the individual electrode elements or the protective shells do not necessarily have to be round.
  • oval and flattened cross sections are also conceivable.
  • each electrode element is held by two webs. However, it is also possible to use more than two webs per module. Modules can also be produced with only one web, the electrode elements in this case benefiting from the additional hold provided by the busbar 11.
  • the described invention makes it possible to construct a modular, efficient and less pollution-prone excitation device which can be used in many areas of application.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Dispositif à plusieurs électrodes pour exciter de façon non thermique des vapeurs et des gaz au moyen de champs électriques, au moins certaines ou toutes les électrodes ayant essentiellement la forme de barreaux espacés formant des éléments d'électrode (1), ces éléments (1) étant groupés en modules dont chacun comporte plusieurs éléments d'électrode parallèles disposés dans un plan vertical et mutuellement connectés électriquement, caractérisé en ce que chaque élément d'électrode est entouré d'un manteau de protection (5, 6, 7), et en ce que les éléments d'électrode (1) sont disposés essentiellement à l'horizontale.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les éléments d'électrode d'un module sont mutuellement réunis mécaniquement par au moins un longeron (2,2', 3,3').
  3. Dispositif selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte plusieurs modules disposés côte à côte.
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les modules sont alternativement portés à un premier et à un second potentiel électrique, de manière à ce que des modules voisins se trouvent à des potentiels différents.
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les éléments d'électrode (1) de chaque module sont équidistants et que les modules sont déplaçables les uns par rapport aux autres.
  6. Dispositif selon une des revendications 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que le longeron ou l'ensemble des longerons (2,2', 3,3') est réuni aux manteaux de protection (5, 6, 7) des électrodes (1), au moins une partie des manteaux de protection au voisinage du ou des longerons étant entourée d'une couche au moins partiellement conductrice (9, 10) portée à un potentiel déterminé de manière à réduire le champ électrique dans la région du ou des longerons.
  7. Dispositif selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chaque manteau protecteur (5, 6, 7) a essentiellement la forme d'un tube dont une première extrémité (6) est fermée, l'élément d'électrode étant introduite dans le tube par son autre extrémité (7), le tube étant hermétiquement scellé contre l'élément d'électrode (1) à cette autre extrémité.
  8. Dispositif selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les surfaces des éléments d'électrode (1) ne sont pas lisses, afin d'améliorer l'homogénéité du champ.
  9. Dispositif selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise des tresses comme éléments d'électrode (1).
  10. Dispositif selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les manteaux protecteurs (5, 6, 7) sont au moins partiellement constitués de verre quartzeux ou de verre de borosilicate.
  11. Dispositif selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que toutes les électrodes sont réalisées sous forme d'éléments d'électrode (1) mutuellement espacés et essentiellement en forme de barreaux.
EP94102010A 1993-02-19 1994-02-10 Appareil pour l'excitation non-thermique et l'ionisation de vapeurs et de gaz Expired - Lifetime EP0612130B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH52993A CH685961A5 (de) 1993-02-19 1993-02-19 Vorrichtung fur die nichtthermische Anregung und Ionisation von Dompfen und Gasen.
CH529/93 1993-02-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0612130A1 EP0612130A1 (fr) 1994-08-24
EP0612130B1 true EP0612130B1 (fr) 1997-01-22

Family

ID=4189096

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94102010A Expired - Lifetime EP0612130B1 (fr) 1993-02-19 1994-02-10 Appareil pour l'excitation non-thermique et l'ionisation de vapeurs et de gaz

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5483117A (fr)
EP (1) EP0612130B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE148007T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2115679C (fr)
CH (1) CH685961A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE59401623D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6029442A (en) 1996-12-18 2000-02-29 Litex, Inc. Method and apparatus for using free radicals to reduce pollutants in the exhaust gases from the combustion of fuel
US6800256B2 (en) * 2000-12-18 2004-10-05 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Scaleable inter-digitized tine non-thermal plasma reactor
JP4046224B2 (ja) * 2003-02-14 2008-02-13 日鉄鉱業株式会社 気体励起用の電極
JP2006100031A (ja) * 2004-09-28 2006-04-13 Nittetsu Mining Co Ltd 絶縁体被膜層担持電極を有する気体励起装置、及び気体励起方法
KR100775911B1 (ko) 2005-03-24 2007-11-15 한국기계연구원 고온 플라즈마 발생장치
US20090301860A1 (en) * 2005-05-31 2009-12-10 Nittetsu Mining Co., Ltd. Gas excitation apparatus having suspended electrode and gas excitation method
KR100675752B1 (ko) * 2006-09-14 2007-01-30 (주) 씨엠테크 플라즈마 반응기
ITCE20100007A1 (it) * 2010-06-09 2011-12-10 Aldo Mango Modulo generatore di plasma freddo per trattamenti chimico-fisici su aria, gas e fumi comunque canalizzati
JP5505107B2 (ja) * 2010-06-14 2014-05-28 株式会社村田製作所 気体搬送装置
JP2015182904A (ja) * 2014-03-20 2015-10-22 日本碍子株式会社 電極及び電極構造体
JP2015189649A (ja) * 2014-03-28 2015-11-02 日本碍子株式会社 オゾン発生器
JP6259346B2 (ja) 2014-03-31 2018-01-10 日本碍子株式会社 オゾン発生器
CN112105135B (zh) * 2020-09-16 2023-02-28 中科新天地（合肥）环保科技有限公司 一种不锈钢材质注入式放电模块

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4126434A (en) * 1975-09-13 1978-11-21 Hara Keiichi Electrostatic dust precipitators

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1001239B (de) * 1953-06-23 1957-01-24 Metallgesellschaft Ag Korrosionsbestaendige Elektrode fuer Elektrofilter
US3908123A (en) * 1974-04-16 1975-09-23 Us Energy Extraction electrode geometry for a calutron
US3985636A (en) * 1975-09-26 1976-10-12 Aqua-Chem, Inc. Electrodialysis apparatus electrode system
US4910637A (en) * 1978-10-23 1990-03-20 Rinoud Hanna Modifying the discharge breakdown
US4375364A (en) * 1980-08-21 1983-03-01 Research-Cottrell, Inc. Rigid discharge electrode for electrical precipitators
US5061462A (en) * 1987-11-12 1991-10-29 Nagatoshi Suzuki Apparatus for producing a streamer corona
US4940894A (en) * 1987-12-10 1990-07-10 Enercon Industries Corporation Electrode for a corona discharge apparatus
US5242587A (en) * 1990-12-20 1993-09-07 Analytic Systems Laboratories, Inc. Filter with porous media and electrostatic and magnetic plates

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4126434A (en) * 1975-09-13 1978-11-21 Hara Keiichi Electrostatic dust precipitators

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2115679A1 (fr) 1994-08-20
US5483117A (en) 1996-01-09
DE59401623D1 (de) 1997-03-06
ATE148007T1 (de) 1997-02-15
CA2115679C (fr) 2003-12-30
CH685961A5 (de) 1995-11-15
EP0612130A1 (fr) 1994-08-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0612130B1 (fr) Appareil pour l'excitation non-thermique et l'ionisation de vapeurs et de gaz
EP2155398B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif pour extraire des impuretés d'un courant gazeux
DE3122515C2 (de) Elektrostatische Filteranordnung
DE69318655T2 (de) Venturi Isolator für einen elektrostatischen Abscheider
DE2727973C2 (de) Verfahren zum Abscheiden hochohmiger Stäube aus Gasen
EP3552710B1 (fr) Unité filtrante électrostatique et dispositif d'extraction pourvu d'unité filtrante électrostatique
DE3039951A1 (de) Vorrichtung zum behandeln der oberflaeche von gegenstaenden durch elektrische spruehentladung
DE3529057A1 (de) Elektrostatischer abscheider
WO1998042166A1 (fr) Electrode de decharge active pour minimiser les charges positives et/ou negatives sur des bandes de materiau en mouvement
DE202017107554U1 (de) Fluidbehandlungsvorrichtung, Elektrodengitter dafür und Baueinheit aus einer Mehrzahl solcher Elektrodengitter
DE4413118A1 (de) Gasreinigungsvorrichtung
DE2438670B2 (de) Elektrischer Staubabscheider
WO2000057992A1 (fr) Dispositif et procede pour le traitement de gaz en circulation, en particulier de gaz d'echappement
DE19850218C1 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Substraten im Vakuum
DE102020104533A1 (de) Fluidbehandlungsvorrichtung, Elektrodengitter dafür, Baueinheit aus einer Mehrzahl solcher Elektrodengitter und Verwendung von EEG- und/oder EKG-Kontaktgel
EP1131866B1 (fr) Dispositif pour produire des gaz ionises par decharges par effet de couronne
EP2991084B1 (fr) Parafoudre
WO1990006181A1 (fr) Procede de separation electrostatique de particules solides et d'aerosols contenus dans des gaz
DE102021128964B3 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Plasmen mit erhöhter Pulsenergie durch dielektrisch behinderte elektrische Entladungen
DE3151936A1 (de) Plattenelektroden-anordnung fuer einen elektrostatischen abscheider
CH574176A5 (fr)
DE1457340B2 (de) Elektrischer abscheider
DE1457340C (de) Elektrischer Abscheider
DE19648182A1 (de) Koronaelektrode für eine Filteranordnung zum Abscheiden von Verunreinigungen aus einem Gasstrom, Filteranordnung mit entsprechenden Koronaelektroden sowie Verfahren zu ihrem Betrieb
DD204411A1 (de) Vorrichtung zur abscheidung von nebeln

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT DE FR GB IE NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19950207

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19951220

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT DE FR GB IE NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 148007

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19970215

Kind code of ref document: T

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19970122

ET Fr: translation filed
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59401623

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19970306

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: 71733

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 732E

NLS Nl: assignments of ep-patents

Owner name: UP-TO-DATE FINANCE AG

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: TP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Payment date: 20021218

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20030131

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20030206

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20040130

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20040204

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040210

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040210

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20040227

Year of fee payment: 11

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040901

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20040901

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050210

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050211

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20050206

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20051031

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20051031

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20060214

Year of fee payment: 13

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20070901