EP2991084B1 - Parafoudre - Google Patents

Parafoudre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2991084B1
EP2991084B1 EP14182268.4A EP14182268A EP2991084B1 EP 2991084 B1 EP2991084 B1 EP 2991084B1 EP 14182268 A EP14182268 A EP 14182268A EP 2991084 B1 EP2991084 B1 EP 2991084B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arc
surge arrester
tongue
longitudinal axis
insulating housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14182268.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2991084A1 (fr
Inventor
Gundolf Barenthin
Reinhard GÖHLER
Bernd Kruska
Erhard Pippert
Ralf Mertsching
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP14182268.4A priority Critical patent/EP2991084B1/fr
Publication of EP2991084A1 publication Critical patent/EP2991084A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2991084B1 publication Critical patent/EP2991084B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surge arrester according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Surge arresters are protective systems, e.g. for power transmission networks, which, in the event of overvoltages occurring due to lightning strikes or malfunctions of other subsystems, divert these overvoltages to ground and thus protect other components of the power transmission network.
  • a surge arrester of this type comprises one or more cylindrical discharge columns made from individual varistor blocks which are also cylindrical.
  • Varistors are characterized by a voltage-dependent resistance. At low voltages, these act as insulators. Above a certain threshold voltage, which depends on the material, they show good conductivity. Varistors are often made of metal oxides such as zinc oxide.
  • the discharge column is connected to end fittings at both ends, which establish electrical contact to the power line and to ground. In order to ensure good electrical contact even under mechanical stress, the discharge column must be held together under pressure. This can be done by tensioning tension elements, for example ropes or rods preferably made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, in the end fittings or in pressure plates arranged at the ends of the discharge column under tension.
  • the tension elements surround the discharge column and thus form a cage around it.
  • the discharge column is arranged in a mechanically stable tubular housing made of an insulating material, for example made of porcelain or glass-fibre reinforced plastic.
  • the end fittings then simultaneously serve as closures for this housing.
  • Such surge arresters often have a pressure relief device.
  • the lines of the lower voltage level are usually installed on the lower levels of the pylon, those of the higher voltage levels above them. If a line of the higher voltage level breaks and falls onto the lower voltage level, the voltage of the higher voltage level is present on the power line of the lower one as an overvoltage.
  • a surge arrester connected to the power line of the lower voltage level can discharge this overvoltage to earth until network monitoring devices register this error and at least switch off the broken line. As in the case of a lightning strike, this usually lasts a few fractions of a second, around 200 ms.
  • the two power lines have different mains frequencies, for example because the lower power line is part of the traction power system with a frequency of 16.7 Hz and the upper one is part of a high-voltage network with a frequency of 50 Hz, the response time of the monitoring devices is sometimes significantly longer for several seconds. If the arc is extinguished within this time, devices connected to the lower power line can be damaged or destroyed.
  • the object of the invention is to specify a surge arrester that is inexpensive and yet has a high level of resistance to electric arcs.
  • an arcing electrode is electrically connected to each of the two end fittings, with each arcing electrode having a contact surface for an arcing foot point, with the contact surface being spaced further radially from the longitudinal axis as an outer contour of the insulating housing.
  • the arc electrode is preferably mechanically connected directly to the end fitting, for example screwed to it.
  • the base of the arc i.e. the point at which an arc emerges from an electrically conductive part, is no longer on the surface of the end fitting, but on the contact surface of the arc electrode.
  • Each end fitting advantageously has a blow-out chute for the directed discharge of a gas flow from the insulating housing in a blow-out direction.
  • the blow-out directions are directed towards each other and the contact surfaces are arranged in the area of the gas flow emerging from the blow-out chute, ie directly in the gas flow or at the edge of the gas flow.
  • the hot gas flowing around the arcing electrode supports the ignition of the arc directly at the arcing electrodes and prevents the arc from initially striking at others Point, for example at the end fitting, is ignited and only then jumps over to the arc electrodes.
  • the arc electrodes are made of a material with higher erosion resistance than that of the end fittings.
  • the arc electrodes are made of steel and the end fittings are made of aluminum. The complex geometries of the end fittings can thus be made from aluminum, which is cheaper and easier to machine. The arc electrodes ensure that the end fittings are protected from the arc.
  • the arc electrodes each have a flange arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
  • the arc electrodes are attached to the outside of the end fittings by means of the flange.
  • the flange can have a grid of holes, as is provided in surge arresters from the prior art for attachment to the mast.
  • each arcing electrode has at least one tongue protruding from the flange and bent in the direction of the longitudinal axis, at the free end of which the contact surface is arranged.
  • the tongue can point in the direction of the longitudinal axis or have an acute angle to it.
  • Such an arc electrode has a particularly simple geometry and is easy to manufacture.
  • the arc electrodes each have a ring running around the longitudinal axis.
  • This ring is connected to the end fitting via fastening straps and the contact surface is arranged on the side of the ring facing away from the blow-out chute.
  • Such a ring-shaped arc electrode allows the arc to travel around the outside of the housing without being torn off.
  • the figure 1 shows a conventional surge arrester 30 from Siemens AG. Visible from the outside is a tubular insulating housing 4 which is provided with shields 24 and which is delimited on both of its end faces by an end fitting 2, 3 in each case. The insulating housing 4 is shown cut away at the top to show the elements inside.
  • the insulating housing 4 can be made of porcelain or another ceramic, the screens 24 are then also made of porcelain or ceramic. Alternatively, the insulating housing 4 can be formed from a glass fiber reinforced plastic tube. The screens 24 can then be injection molded silicone screens.
  • the insulating housing 4 is closed at both ends by an end fitting 2, 3 in each case. Most of the end fittings 2, 3 are attached to the pipe end of the insulating housing 4 and hermetically cemented to it.
  • the end fittings 2, 3 are usually designed mirror-symmetrically. They each have a sealed membrane 26 in their interior, which closes the end faces of the insulating housing 4 in an airtight manner.
  • the end fittings 2, 3 are often made of steel or aluminum.
  • Flanges 25 are arranged on the outside of the end fittings 2, 3, by means of which the surge arrester 1 can be fastened, connected to another surge arrester 1 or electrically connected to the high-voltage line.
  • the flanges 25 are often rectangular plates with a plurality of mounting holes in a specific grid.
  • An essentially cylindrical discharge column 29 is arranged inside the tube of the insulating housing 4 , the cylindrical axis of which extends along the longitudinal axis 40 of the insulating housing 4 .
  • the discharge column 29 has a column of varistor blocks 20 into which filler pieces 21 can be inserted.
  • the column is held together by means of holding rods 22 held in holding plates 27 .
  • Springs 28 establish the electrical contact via the membrane 26 to the end fittings 2, 3.
  • the figure 2 shows a surge arrester 1 according to the invention, the figure 3 an excerpt from it in the area of upper end fitting.
  • the components shown also have two arc electrodes 9 , 10 .
  • the arc electrodes 9, 10 consist essentially of a sheet metal strip, the ends of which taper and are bent to form tongues 8.
  • An arc electrode 9 , 10 is electrically connected to each end fitting 2 , 3 .
  • the arc electrodes 9 , 10 are fastened to an outside of the flange 25 of the end fittings 2 , 3 which faces away from the insulating housing 4 .
  • connection plate 31 for connecting a high-voltage line is also arranged on one of the flanges 25, and a mounting plate 32 for attachment to a support foot is arranged on the other.
  • Connection plate 31 and mounting plate 32 are only examples and are not part of surge arrester 1.
  • One of the bent tongues 8 of the arc electrodes 9, 10 points in the blow-out direction 7 of the blow-out chutes 5, 6.
  • the tongue 8 is aligned with respect to the blow-out chutes 5, 6 in such a way that an exiting gas stream touches the tongue 8 or flows along it without being swirled to become.
  • the outer edge of the tongue 8 serves as a contact surface 12 for an arc base.
  • the contact surfaces 12 are spaced further radially from the longitudinal axis 40 than an outer contour of the insulating housing 4. An arc burning between the contact surfaces 12 is thus kept away from the insulating housing 4.
  • the distance between the contact surfaces 12 of the two arc electrodes 9, 10 is also less than the distance between the blow-out chutes 5, 6, so that the arc preferably commutes to the arc electrodes 9, 10.
  • the arc electrodes 9, 10 are preferably made of a more erosion-resistant material than the end fittings 2, 3, so they can withstand a burning arc longer.
  • the end fittings 2, 3 can thus be manufactured inexpensively from aluminum and the arc electrodes 9, 10 from steel such as mild steel or tool steel.
  • the second tongue 8 of the arcing electrode 9, 10 radially opposite the blow-out chute 5, 6 serves to take over the arc foot point in order to to prevent that he commutated to the Ausblaschuten 5, 6 or other parts of the end fittings 2, 3.
  • the figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the arcing electrode 11.
  • the arcing electrode 11 consists of a ring 13 running around the longitudinal axis 40, which is fastened to the flange 25 of the end fitting 2 by means of four fastening lugs 14.
  • the fastening lugs 14 are fastened here on a side of the flange 25 facing the insulating housing 4 .
  • such an arcing electrode 11 can be retrofitted to a conventional surge arrester 30 without the connection plate 31 or mounting plate 32 having to be removed.
  • the arc can travel along the rotating ring 13 without jumping onto the end fittings 2, 3.
  • the figure 5 shows a single arc electrode 9 in an alternative embodiment. It is constructed similarly to the arc electrode 9 of figure 2 and 3 , but has only one tongue 8 .
  • the arcing electrode 10 has a flange 15 which is arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis 40 in the assembled state.
  • the flange 15 is an essentially rectangular, here square plate with fastening holes 16 which are laid out in the same hole pattern as those of the flange 25 of the end fittings 2, 3.
  • a tongue 8 protrudes from the flange 15 and is bent in the direction of the longitudinal axis 40 is.
  • the tongue 8 tapers towards its free end.
  • Flange 15 and tongue 8 form an obtuse angle.
  • the free end of the tongue 8 forms the contact surface 12.
  • a recess 17 can be arranged. This saves material or makes a type plate attached to the exhaust chute visible.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Parafoudre (1) comprenant une colonne (29) de décharge s'étendant suivant un axe (40) longitudinal entre deux armatures (2, 3) d'extrémité et entourée d'une enveloppe (4) isolante,
    dans lequel respectivement une électrode (9, 10, 11) d'arc électrique est reliée électriquement à chacune des deux armatures (2, 3) d'extrémité, dans lequel chaque électrode (9, 10, 11) d'arc électrique a une surface (12) de contact pour une racine de l'arc électrique, dans lequel la surface (12) de contact est plus à distance radialement de l'axe (40) longitudinal qu'un contour extérieur de l'enveloppe (4) isolante, dans lequel chaque électrode (9, 10, 11) d'arc électrique a au moins une languette (8) à l'extrémité libre de laquelle est disposée la surface (12) de contact,
    dans lequel
    la languette respective est courbée à son extrémité libre, dans la direction de l'axe (40) longitudinal,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la au moins une languette (8) est orientée par rapport à des ouïes (5, 6) d'échappement, de manière à ce qu'un courant gazeux, sortant de l'enveloppe (4) isolante, effleure la languette (8) ou s'y écoule sans tourbillonnement et dans lequel les surfaces (12) de contact sont disposées dans la partie du courant gazeux sortant des ouïes (5, 6) d'échappement respectives.
  2. Parafoudre (1) suivant la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    chaque armature (2, 3) d'extrémité a l'une des ouïes (5, 6) d'échappement pour l'évacuation dirigée d'un courant gazeux de l'enveloppe (4) isolante dans une direction (7) d'échappement, les directions (7) d'échappement étant dirigées l'une sur l'autre.
  3. Parafoudre (1) suivant la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les électrodes (9, 10, 11) d'arc électrique sont en un matériau ayant une plus grande résistance à l'usure que le matériau des armatures (2, 3) d'extrémité.
  4. Parafoudre (1) suivant la revendication 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les électrodes (9, 10, 11) d'arc électrique sont en acier et les armatures (2, 3) d'extrémité en aluminium.
  5. Parafoudre (1) suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que
    les électrodes (9, 10, 11) d'arc électrique ont chacune une bride (15), qui est disposée perpendiculairement à l'axe (40) longitudinal et au moyen de laquelle elles peuvent être fixées à l'extérieur aux armatures (2, 3) d'extrémité.
  6. Parafoudre (1) suivant la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la au moins une languette (8) courbée dans la direction de l'axe (40) longitudinal est à distance de la bride (15).
  7. Parafoudre (1) suivant l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que
    les électrodes (9, 10, 11) d'arc électrique ont chacune un anneau (13) faisant le tour autour de l'axe (40) longitudinal, dans lequel l'anneau (13) est relié à l'armature (2, 3) d'extrémité respective par des pattes (14) de fixation, et respectivement la surface (12) de contact est disposée du côté de l'anneau (13) loin de l'ouïe (5, 6) d'échappement respective.
  8. Parafoudre (1) suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que
    respectivement une électrode (9, 10, 11) d'arc électrique est fixée à l'extérieur à chacune des armatures (2, 3) d'extrémités.
EP14182268.4A 2014-08-26 2014-08-26 Parafoudre Active EP2991084B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14182268.4A EP2991084B1 (fr) 2014-08-26 2014-08-26 Parafoudre

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14182268.4A EP2991084B1 (fr) 2014-08-26 2014-08-26 Parafoudre

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2991084A1 EP2991084A1 (fr) 2016-03-02
EP2991084B1 true EP2991084B1 (fr) 2022-05-11

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ID=51429057

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14182268.4A Active EP2991084B1 (fr) 2014-08-26 2014-08-26 Parafoudre

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2991084B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017203657A1 (de) * 2017-03-07 2018-09-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Überspannungsableiter und Herstellungsverfahren für einen Überspannungsableiter

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3588578A (en) * 1970-05-22 1971-06-28 Mc Graw Edison Co Lightning arrester venting means
US4467387A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-08-21 General Electric Company Combination strut insulator and lightning arrester
SI0642141T1 (en) * 1993-09-06 1997-10-31 Asea Brown Boveri Surge arrester
US5402100A (en) * 1993-12-06 1995-03-28 General Electric Company Overvoltage surge arrester with means for protecting its porcelain housing against rupture by arc-produced shocks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2991084A1 (fr) 2016-03-02

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