EP2991084B1 - Surge arrester - Google Patents

Surge arrester Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2991084B1
EP2991084B1 EP14182268.4A EP14182268A EP2991084B1 EP 2991084 B1 EP2991084 B1 EP 2991084B1 EP 14182268 A EP14182268 A EP 14182268A EP 2991084 B1 EP2991084 B1 EP 2991084B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arc
surge arrester
tongue
longitudinal axis
insulating housing
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EP14182268.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2991084A1 (en
Inventor
Gundolf Barenthin
Reinhard GÖHLER
Bernd Kruska
Erhard Pippert
Ralf Mertsching
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to EP14182268.4A priority Critical patent/EP2991084B1/en
Publication of EP2991084A1 publication Critical patent/EP2991084A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surge arrester according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Surge arresters are protective systems, e.g. for power transmission networks, which, in the event of overvoltages occurring due to lightning strikes or malfunctions of other subsystems, divert these overvoltages to ground and thus protect other components of the power transmission network.
  • a surge arrester of this type comprises one or more cylindrical discharge columns made from individual varistor blocks which are also cylindrical.
  • Varistors are characterized by a voltage-dependent resistance. At low voltages, these act as insulators. Above a certain threshold voltage, which depends on the material, they show good conductivity. Varistors are often made of metal oxides such as zinc oxide.
  • the discharge column is connected to end fittings at both ends, which establish electrical contact to the power line and to ground. In order to ensure good electrical contact even under mechanical stress, the discharge column must be held together under pressure. This can be done by tensioning tension elements, for example ropes or rods preferably made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, in the end fittings or in pressure plates arranged at the ends of the discharge column under tension.
  • the tension elements surround the discharge column and thus form a cage around it.
  • the discharge column is arranged in a mechanically stable tubular housing made of an insulating material, for example made of porcelain or glass-fibre reinforced plastic.
  • the end fittings then simultaneously serve as closures for this housing.
  • Such surge arresters often have a pressure relief device.
  • the lines of the lower voltage level are usually installed on the lower levels of the pylon, those of the higher voltage levels above them. If a line of the higher voltage level breaks and falls onto the lower voltage level, the voltage of the higher voltage level is present on the power line of the lower one as an overvoltage.
  • a surge arrester connected to the power line of the lower voltage level can discharge this overvoltage to earth until network monitoring devices register this error and at least switch off the broken line. As in the case of a lightning strike, this usually lasts a few fractions of a second, around 200 ms.
  • the two power lines have different mains frequencies, for example because the lower power line is part of the traction power system with a frequency of 16.7 Hz and the upper one is part of a high-voltage network with a frequency of 50 Hz, the response time of the monitoring devices is sometimes significantly longer for several seconds. If the arc is extinguished within this time, devices connected to the lower power line can be damaged or destroyed.
  • the object of the invention is to specify a surge arrester that is inexpensive and yet has a high level of resistance to electric arcs.
  • an arcing electrode is electrically connected to each of the two end fittings, with each arcing electrode having a contact surface for an arcing foot point, with the contact surface being spaced further radially from the longitudinal axis as an outer contour of the insulating housing.
  • the arc electrode is preferably mechanically connected directly to the end fitting, for example screwed to it.
  • the base of the arc i.e. the point at which an arc emerges from an electrically conductive part, is no longer on the surface of the end fitting, but on the contact surface of the arc electrode.
  • Each end fitting advantageously has a blow-out chute for the directed discharge of a gas flow from the insulating housing in a blow-out direction.
  • the blow-out directions are directed towards each other and the contact surfaces are arranged in the area of the gas flow emerging from the blow-out chute, ie directly in the gas flow or at the edge of the gas flow.
  • the hot gas flowing around the arcing electrode supports the ignition of the arc directly at the arcing electrodes and prevents the arc from initially striking at others Point, for example at the end fitting, is ignited and only then jumps over to the arc electrodes.
  • the arc electrodes are made of a material with higher erosion resistance than that of the end fittings.
  • the arc electrodes are made of steel and the end fittings are made of aluminum. The complex geometries of the end fittings can thus be made from aluminum, which is cheaper and easier to machine. The arc electrodes ensure that the end fittings are protected from the arc.
  • the arc electrodes each have a flange arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
  • the arc electrodes are attached to the outside of the end fittings by means of the flange.
  • the flange can have a grid of holes, as is provided in surge arresters from the prior art for attachment to the mast.
  • each arcing electrode has at least one tongue protruding from the flange and bent in the direction of the longitudinal axis, at the free end of which the contact surface is arranged.
  • the tongue can point in the direction of the longitudinal axis or have an acute angle to it.
  • Such an arc electrode has a particularly simple geometry and is easy to manufacture.
  • the arc electrodes each have a ring running around the longitudinal axis.
  • This ring is connected to the end fitting via fastening straps and the contact surface is arranged on the side of the ring facing away from the blow-out chute.
  • Such a ring-shaped arc electrode allows the arc to travel around the outside of the housing without being torn off.
  • the figure 1 shows a conventional surge arrester 30 from Siemens AG. Visible from the outside is a tubular insulating housing 4 which is provided with shields 24 and which is delimited on both of its end faces by an end fitting 2, 3 in each case. The insulating housing 4 is shown cut away at the top to show the elements inside.
  • the insulating housing 4 can be made of porcelain or another ceramic, the screens 24 are then also made of porcelain or ceramic. Alternatively, the insulating housing 4 can be formed from a glass fiber reinforced plastic tube. The screens 24 can then be injection molded silicone screens.
  • the insulating housing 4 is closed at both ends by an end fitting 2, 3 in each case. Most of the end fittings 2, 3 are attached to the pipe end of the insulating housing 4 and hermetically cemented to it.
  • the end fittings 2, 3 are usually designed mirror-symmetrically. They each have a sealed membrane 26 in their interior, which closes the end faces of the insulating housing 4 in an airtight manner.
  • the end fittings 2, 3 are often made of steel or aluminum.
  • Flanges 25 are arranged on the outside of the end fittings 2, 3, by means of which the surge arrester 1 can be fastened, connected to another surge arrester 1 or electrically connected to the high-voltage line.
  • the flanges 25 are often rectangular plates with a plurality of mounting holes in a specific grid.
  • An essentially cylindrical discharge column 29 is arranged inside the tube of the insulating housing 4 , the cylindrical axis of which extends along the longitudinal axis 40 of the insulating housing 4 .
  • the discharge column 29 has a column of varistor blocks 20 into which filler pieces 21 can be inserted.
  • the column is held together by means of holding rods 22 held in holding plates 27 .
  • Springs 28 establish the electrical contact via the membrane 26 to the end fittings 2, 3.
  • the figure 2 shows a surge arrester 1 according to the invention, the figure 3 an excerpt from it in the area of upper end fitting.
  • the components shown also have two arc electrodes 9 , 10 .
  • the arc electrodes 9, 10 consist essentially of a sheet metal strip, the ends of which taper and are bent to form tongues 8.
  • An arc electrode 9 , 10 is electrically connected to each end fitting 2 , 3 .
  • the arc electrodes 9 , 10 are fastened to an outside of the flange 25 of the end fittings 2 , 3 which faces away from the insulating housing 4 .
  • connection plate 31 for connecting a high-voltage line is also arranged on one of the flanges 25, and a mounting plate 32 for attachment to a support foot is arranged on the other.
  • Connection plate 31 and mounting plate 32 are only examples and are not part of surge arrester 1.
  • One of the bent tongues 8 of the arc electrodes 9, 10 points in the blow-out direction 7 of the blow-out chutes 5, 6.
  • the tongue 8 is aligned with respect to the blow-out chutes 5, 6 in such a way that an exiting gas stream touches the tongue 8 or flows along it without being swirled to become.
  • the outer edge of the tongue 8 serves as a contact surface 12 for an arc base.
  • the contact surfaces 12 are spaced further radially from the longitudinal axis 40 than an outer contour of the insulating housing 4. An arc burning between the contact surfaces 12 is thus kept away from the insulating housing 4.
  • the distance between the contact surfaces 12 of the two arc electrodes 9, 10 is also less than the distance between the blow-out chutes 5, 6, so that the arc preferably commutes to the arc electrodes 9, 10.
  • the arc electrodes 9, 10 are preferably made of a more erosion-resistant material than the end fittings 2, 3, so they can withstand a burning arc longer.
  • the end fittings 2, 3 can thus be manufactured inexpensively from aluminum and the arc electrodes 9, 10 from steel such as mild steel or tool steel.
  • the second tongue 8 of the arcing electrode 9, 10 radially opposite the blow-out chute 5, 6 serves to take over the arc foot point in order to to prevent that he commutated to the Ausblaschuten 5, 6 or other parts of the end fittings 2, 3.
  • the figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the arcing electrode 11.
  • the arcing electrode 11 consists of a ring 13 running around the longitudinal axis 40, which is fastened to the flange 25 of the end fitting 2 by means of four fastening lugs 14.
  • the fastening lugs 14 are fastened here on a side of the flange 25 facing the insulating housing 4 .
  • such an arcing electrode 11 can be retrofitted to a conventional surge arrester 30 without the connection plate 31 or mounting plate 32 having to be removed.
  • the arc can travel along the rotating ring 13 without jumping onto the end fittings 2, 3.
  • the figure 5 shows a single arc electrode 9 in an alternative embodiment. It is constructed similarly to the arc electrode 9 of figure 2 and 3 , but has only one tongue 8 .
  • the arcing electrode 10 has a flange 15 which is arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis 40 in the assembled state.
  • the flange 15 is an essentially rectangular, here square plate with fastening holes 16 which are laid out in the same hole pattern as those of the flange 25 of the end fittings 2, 3.
  • a tongue 8 protrudes from the flange 15 and is bent in the direction of the longitudinal axis 40 is.
  • the tongue 8 tapers towards its free end.
  • Flange 15 and tongue 8 form an obtuse angle.
  • the free end of the tongue 8 forms the contact surface 12.
  • a recess 17 can be arranged. This saves material or makes a type plate attached to the exhaust chute visible.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Überspannungsableiter gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a surge arrester according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Überspannungsableiter sind Schutzsysteme, beispielsweise für Stromübertragungsnetze, die bei auftretenden Überspannungen durch Blitzeinschlag oder Fehlfunktionen anderer Teilsysteme diese Überspannungen zur Masse hin ableiten und so andere Bauteile des Stromübertragungsnetzes schützen.Surge arresters are protective systems, e.g. for power transmission networks, which, in the event of overvoltages occurring due to lightning strikes or malfunctions of other subsystems, divert these overvoltages to ground and thus protect other components of the power transmission network.

Ein derartiger Überspannungsableiter umfasst ein oder mehrere zylindrische Ableitsäulen aus einzelnen ebenfalls zylindrischen Varistorblöcken. Varistoren zeichnen sich durch einen spannungsabhängigen Widerstand aus. Bei niedrigen Spannungen wirken diese als Isolatoren. Ab einer bestimmten Schwellenspannung, die materialabhängig ist, zeigen sie eine gute Leitfähigkeit. Häufig werden Varistoren aus Metalloxiden wie Zinkoxid hergestellt. Die Ableitsäule ist an beiden Enden mit Endarmaturen verbunden, die den elektrischen Kontakt zur Stromleitung und zur Masse herstellen. Um einen guten elektrischen Kontakt auch unter mechanischer Belastung zu gewährleisten, muss die Ableitsäule unter Druck zusammengehalten werden. Dies kann erfolgen, indem Zugelemente, beispielsweise Seile oder Stäbe vorzugsweise aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff, in den Endarmaturen oder in an den Enden der Ableitsäule angeordneten Druckplatten unter Zug eingespannt werden. Die Zugelemente umgeben dabei die Ableitsäule und bilden so einen Käfig um diese. Ab einer gewissen Größe oder, wenn der Überspannungsableiter in einem erdbebengefährdeten Gebiet aufgestellt werden soll, ist die Ableitsäule in einem mechanisch stabilen rohrartigen Gehäuse aus einem Isoliermaterial, beispielsweise aus Porzellan oder glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff, angeordnet. Die Endarmaturen dienen dann gleichzeitig als Verschlüsse für dieses Gehäuse. Um die in einem Überlastfall entstehenden Gase aus diesem Gehäuse abzuführen, weisen solche Überspannungsableiter häufig eine Druckentlastungsvorrichtung auf.A surge arrester of this type comprises one or more cylindrical discharge columns made from individual varistor blocks which are also cylindrical. Varistors are characterized by a voltage-dependent resistance. At low voltages, these act as insulators. Above a certain threshold voltage, which depends on the material, they show good conductivity. Varistors are often made of metal oxides such as zinc oxide. The discharge column is connected to end fittings at both ends, which establish electrical contact to the power line and to ground. In order to ensure good electrical contact even under mechanical stress, the discharge column must be held together under pressure. This can be done by tensioning tension elements, for example ropes or rods preferably made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, in the end fittings or in pressure plates arranged at the ends of the discharge column under tension. The tension elements surround the discharge column and thus form a cage around it. Above a certain size or if the surge arrester is to be set up in an area at risk of earthquakes, the discharge column is arranged in a mechanically stable tubular housing made of an insulating material, for example made of porcelain or glass-fibre reinforced plastic. The end fittings then simultaneously serve as closures for this housing. In order to discharge the gases produced in the event of an overload from this housing, Such surge arresters often have a pressure relief device.

Wenn ein solcher Überlastfall auftritt, beispielsweise durch einen zu hohen Energieeintrag oder einen Defekt des Überspannungsableiters, bildet sich zwischen den Endarmaturen ein Lichtbogen, über den die Überspannung abgebaut wird. Im Falle eines Blitzschlages erlischt dieser nach wenigen Sekundenbruchteilen.If such an overload occurs, for example due to an excessive energy input or a defect in the surge arrester, an arc forms between the end fittings, through which the overvoltage is dissipated. In the event of a lightning strike, it goes out after a few fractions of a second.

Bei Hochspannungsmasten mit Stromleitungen unterschiedlicher Spannungsebenen, beispielsweise 20 kV und 380 kV, werden die Leitungen der niedrigeren Spannungsebene meist auf den unteren Ebenen des Mastes installiert, die der höheren Spannungsebenen darüber. Falls nun eine Leitung der höheren Spannungsebene reißt und auf die der unteren Spannungsebene herunterfällt, so liegt die Spannung der höheren Spannungsebene an der Stromleitung der niedrigeren als Überspannung an. Ein mit der Stromleitung der unteren Spannungsebene verbundener Überspannungsableiter kann diese Überspannung zur Erde hin abführen, bis Netzüberwachungseinrichtungen diesen Fehler registrieren und zumindest die gerissene Leitung abschalten. Dies dauert in der Regel wie im Falle eines Blitzeinschlages wenige Sekundenbruchteile, etwa 200 ms.In the case of high-voltage pylons with power lines of different voltage levels, for example 20 kV and 380 kV, the lines of the lower voltage level are usually installed on the lower levels of the pylon, those of the higher voltage levels above them. If a line of the higher voltage level breaks and falls onto the lower voltage level, the voltage of the higher voltage level is present on the power line of the lower one as an overvoltage. A surge arrester connected to the power line of the lower voltage level can discharge this overvoltage to earth until network monitoring devices register this error and at least switch off the broken line. As in the case of a lightning strike, this usually lasts a few fractions of a second, around 200 ms.

Haben die beiden Stromleitungen aber unterschiedliche Netzfrequenz, weil die untere Stromleitung beispielsweise ein Teil des Bahnstromnetzes mit einer Frequenz von 16,7 Hz und die obere ein Teil eines Hochspannungsnetzes mit einer Frequenz von 50 Hz ist, so ist die Reaktionszeit der Überwachungseinrichtungen deutlich länger, manchmal mehrere Sekunden lang. Erlischt der Lichtbogen innerhalb dieser Zeit, so können an die untere Stromleitung angeschlossene Geräte beschädigt oder zerstört werden.However, if the two power lines have different mains frequencies, for example because the lower power line is part of the traction power system with a frequency of 16.7 Hz and the upper one is part of a high-voltage network with a frequency of 50 Hz, the response time of the monitoring devices is sometimes significantly longer for several seconds. If the arc is extinguished within this time, devices connected to the lower power line can be damaged or destroyed.

Bisher wurden bei Überspannungsableitern für solche Netztopologien die Endarmaturen aus einem Stahl gefertigt, welcher eine entsprechend hohe Abbrandfestigkeit bei auftretenden Lichtbögen aufweist. Stahl ist jedoch als Material relativ teuer und schwierig zu bearbeiten.In the case of surge arresters for such network topologies, the end fittings have hitherto been made from a steel which has a correspondingly high erosion resistance when has arcs. However, as a material, steel is relatively expensive and difficult to machine.

Gattungsgemäße Überspannungsableiter sind aus den DruckschriftenGeneric surge arresters are from the publications US 5402100AUS5402100A ,, US3588578AUS3588578A undand EP0642141 A1EP0642141 A1 bekannt.famous.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Überspannungsableiter anzugeben, der kostengünstig ist und dennoch eine hohe Standfestigkeit gegenüber Lichtbögen aufweist.The object of the invention is to specify a surge arrester that is inexpensive and yet has a high level of resistance to electric arcs.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe mit einem Überspannungsableiter gemäß Anspruch mit einer sich entlang einer Längsachse erstreckenden Ableitsäule Erfindungsgemäß ist mit jeder der zwei Endarmaturen jeweils eine Lichtbogenelektrode elektrisch verbunden, wobei jede Lichtbogenelektrode eine Kontaktfläche für einen Lichtbogenfußpunkt aufweist, wobei die Kontaktfläche von der Längsachse radial weiter beabstandet ist als eine Außenkontur des Isoliergehäuses. Die Lichtbogenelektrode ist vorzugsweise direkt mit der Endarmatur mechanisch verbunden, beispielsweise mit dieser verschraubt. Der Lichtbogenfußpunkt, also der Punkt an dem ein Lichtbogen aus einem elektrisch leitenden Teil austritt, liegt damit nicht mehr auf der Oberfläche der Endarmatur, sondern auf der Kontaktfläche der Lichtbogenelektrode. Einerseits kann diese durch Gestaltung und Materialwahl widerstandsfähiger gegen den Lichtbogen gemacht werden, andererseits wird der Lichtbogen vom Außengehäuse des Überspannungsableiters ferngehalten und so eine Beschädigung vermieden. Vorteilhaft weist jede Endarmatur eine Ausblasschute zum gerichteten Ablassen eines Gasstromes aus dem Isoliergehäuse in eine Ausblasrichtung auf. Die Ausblasrichtungen sind dabei aufeinander zu gerichtet und die Kontaktflächen sind im Bereich des aus der Ausblasschute austretenden Gasstromes angeordnet, also direkt im Gasstrom oder am Rand des Gasstromes. Das die Lichtbogenelektrode umströmende heiße Gas unterstützt die Zündung des Lichtbogens direkt an den Lichtbogenelektroden und verhindert, dass der Lichtbogen zunächst an anderer Stelle, beispielsweise an der Endarmatur, gezündet wird und erst dann auf die Lichtbogenelektroden überspringt. Vorzugsweise sind die Lichtbogenelektroden aus einem Material höherer Abbrandfestigkeit als dem der Endarmaturen hergestellt. Insbesondere sind die Lichtbogenelektroden aus Stahl und die Endarmaturen aus Aluminium hergestellt. Die komplexen Geometrien der Endarmaturen lassen sich so aus dem billigeren und leichter zu bearbeitenden Aluminium herstellen. Die Lichtbogenelektroden sorgen dafür, dass die Endarmaturen vor dem Lichtbogen geschützt sind.According to the invention, an arcing electrode is electrically connected to each of the two end fittings, with each arcing electrode having a contact surface for an arcing foot point, with the contact surface being spaced further radially from the longitudinal axis as an outer contour of the insulating housing. The arc electrode is preferably mechanically connected directly to the end fitting, for example screwed to it. The base of the arc, i.e. the point at which an arc emerges from an electrically conductive part, is no longer on the surface of the end fitting, but on the contact surface of the arc electrode. On the one hand, this can be made more resistant to the arc through design and choice of material, on the other hand, the arc is kept away from the outer housing of the surge arrester, thus avoiding damage. Each end fitting advantageously has a blow-out chute for the directed discharge of a gas flow from the insulating housing in a blow-out direction. The blow-out directions are directed towards each other and the contact surfaces are arranged in the area of the gas flow emerging from the blow-out chute, ie directly in the gas flow or at the edge of the gas flow. The hot gas flowing around the arcing electrode supports the ignition of the arc directly at the arcing electrodes and prevents the arc from initially striking at others Point, for example at the end fitting, is ignited and only then jumps over to the arc electrodes. Preferably, the arc electrodes are made of a material with higher erosion resistance than that of the end fittings. In particular, the arc electrodes are made of steel and the end fittings are made of aluminum. The complex geometries of the end fittings can thus be made from aluminum, which is cheaper and easier to machine. The arc electrodes ensure that the end fittings are protected from the arc.

Ferner wird bevorzugt, dass die Lichtbogenelektroden jeweils einen senkrecht zur Längsachse angeordneten Flansch aufweisen. Mittels des Flansches sind die Lichtbogenelektroden außen an den Endarmaturen befestigt. Der Flansch kann ein Lochraster aufweisen, wie es bei Überspannungsableitern aus dem Stand der Technik zu Befestigung am Mast vorgesehen ist. Dadurch können herkömmliche Überspannungsableiter mit einer nachträglich angebauten Lichtbogenelektrode zu erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableitern aufgerüstet werden.Furthermore, it is preferred that the arc electrodes each have a flange arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The arc electrodes are attached to the outside of the end fittings by means of the flange. The flange can have a grid of holes, as is provided in surge arresters from the prior art for attachment to the mast. As a result, conventional surge arresters can be upgraded to surge arresters according to the invention with a retrofitted arc electrode.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist jede Lichtbogenelektrode wenigstens eine vom Flansch abstehende und in Richtung Längsachse gebogene Zunge auf, an deren freiem Ende die Kontaktfläche angeordnet ist. Die Zunge kann dabei in Richtung der Längsachse zeigen oder einen spitzen Winkel zu ihr aufweisen. Eine solche Lichtbogenelektrode weist eine besonders einfache Geometrie auf und ist leicht herzustellen.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, each arcing electrode has at least one tongue protruding from the flange and bent in the direction of the longitudinal axis, at the free end of which the contact surface is arranged. The tongue can point in the direction of the longitudinal axis or have an acute angle to it. Such an arc electrode has a particularly simple geometry and is easy to manufacture.

Ebenfalls vorteilhaft weisen die Lichtbogenelektroden jeweils einen um die Längsachse umlaufenden Ring auf. Dieser Ring ist mit der Endarmatur über Befestigungslaschen verbunden und die Kontaktfläche ist auf der der Ausblasschute abgewandten Seite des Ringes angeordnet. Durch eine solche ringförmige Lichtbogenelektrode kann der Lichtbogen außen um das Gehäuse wandern, ohne abzureißen.Also advantageously, the arc electrodes each have a ring running around the longitudinal axis. This ring is connected to the end fitting via fastening straps and the contact surface is arranged on the side of the ring facing away from the blow-out chute. Such a ring-shaped arc electrode allows the arc to travel around the outside of the housing without being torn off.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen:

Figur 1
eine Teilschnittdarstellung eines bekannten Überspannungsableiters,
Figur 2
einen erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiter,
Figur 3
eine Detaildarstellung eines Ausschnitts aus einem erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiter,
Figur 4
eine alternative Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiters,
Figur 5
eine einzelne Lichtbogenelektrode.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. show:
figure 1
a partial sectional view of a known surge arrester,
figure 2
a surge arrester according to the invention,
figure 3
a detailed representation of a section of a surge arrester according to the invention,
figure 4
an alternative embodiment of a surge arrester according to the invention,
figure 5
a single arcing electrode.

Einander entsprechende Teile sind in allen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Corresponding parts are provided with the same reference symbols in all figures.

Die Figur 1 zeigt einen herkömmlichen Überspannungsableiter 30 der Siemens AG. Von außen sichtbar ist ein mit Schirmen 24 versehenes rohrförmiges Isoliergehäuse 4, das an seinen beiden Stirnseiten von jeweils einer Endarmatur 2, 3 begrenzt ist. Das Isoliergehäuse 4 ist im oberen Bereich aufgeschnitten dargestellt, um die Elemente im Inneren zu zeigen.the figure 1 shows a conventional surge arrester 30 from Siemens AG. Visible from the outside is a tubular insulating housing 4 which is provided with shields 24 and which is delimited on both of its end faces by an end fitting 2, 3 in each case. The insulating housing 4 is shown cut away at the top to show the elements inside.

Das Isoliergehäuse 4 kann aus Porzellan oder einer anderen Keramik gefertigt sein, die Schirme 24 sind dann ebenfalls aus Porzellan oder Keramik. Alternativ kann das Isoliergehäuse 4 aus einem glasfaserverstärkten Kunststoffrohr gebildet sein. Die Schirme 24 können dann per Spritzguss aufgespritzte Silikonschirme sein.The insulating housing 4 can be made of porcelain or another ceramic, the screens 24 are then also made of porcelain or ceramic. Alternatively, the insulating housing 4 can be formed from a glass fiber reinforced plastic tube. The screens 24 can then be injection molded silicone screens.

Das Isoliergehäuse 4 ist an seinen beiden Enden durch jeweils eine Endarmatur 2, 3 verschlossen. Meist sind die Endarmaturen 2, 3 auf das Rohrende des Isoliergehäuses 4 aufgesteckt und mit diesem luftdicht verkittet. Die Endarmaturen 2, 3 sind in der Regel spiegelsymmetrisch ausgelegt. Sie weisen jeweils eine gedichtete Membran 26 in ihrem Inneren auf, die die Stirnseiten des Isoliergehäuses 4 luftdicht verschließt. Die Endarmaturen 2, 3 sind häufig aus Stahl oder Aluminium hergestellt. Auf der Außenseite der Endarmaturen 2, 3 sind Flansche 25 angeordnet, mittels derer der Überspannungsableiter 1 befestigt, mit einem weiteren Überspannungsableiter 1 verbunden oder mit der Hochspannungsleitung elektrisch verbunden werden kann. Die Flansche 25 sind oft rechteckige Platten mit mehreren Befestigungslöchern in einem bestimmten Raster.The insulating housing 4 is closed at both ends by an end fitting 2, 3 in each case. Most of the end fittings 2, 3 are attached to the pipe end of the insulating housing 4 and hermetically cemented to it. The end fittings 2, 3 are usually designed mirror-symmetrically. They each have a sealed membrane 26 in their interior, which closes the end faces of the insulating housing 4 in an airtight manner. The end fittings 2, 3 are often made of steel or aluminum. Flanges 25 are arranged on the outside of the end fittings 2, 3, by means of which the surge arrester 1 can be fastened, connected to another surge arrester 1 or electrically connected to the high-voltage line. The flanges 25 are often rectangular plates with a plurality of mounting holes in a specific grid.

Im Rohrinneren des Isoliergehäuses 4 ist eine im Wesentlichen zylindrische Ableitsäule 29 angeordnet, deren Zylinderachse sich entlang der Längsachse 40 des Isoliergehäuses 4 erstreckt. Die Ableitsäule 29 weist eine Säule aus Varistorblöcken 20 auf, in die Füllstücke 21 eingefügt sein können. Die Säule ist mittels in Halteplatten 27 gehaltenen Haltestangen 22 zusammengehalten. Stützplatten 23, durch die die Haltestangen 22 geführt sind, stützen die Ableitsäule 29 auf der Innenseite des Isoliergehäuses 4 ab. Federn 28 stellen den elektrischen Kontakt über die Membran 26 zu den Endarmaturen 2, 3 her.An essentially cylindrical discharge column 29 is arranged inside the tube of the insulating housing 4 , the cylindrical axis of which extends along the longitudinal axis 40 of the insulating housing 4 . The discharge column 29 has a column of varistor blocks 20 into which filler pieces 21 can be inserted. The column is held together by means of holding rods 22 held in holding plates 27 . Supporting plates 23, through which the holding rods 22 are guided, support the discharge column 29 on the inside of the insulating housing 4. Springs 28 establish the electrical contact via the membrane 26 to the end fittings 2, 3.

Bei Überlastung der Ableitsäule 29 entsteht im Inneren des Isoliergehäuses 4 eine große Menge Gas. Durch den erhöhten Druck reißen die Membranen 26 und das Gas strömt über in den Endarmaturen 2, 3 angeordneten Ausblasschuten 5, 6 gerichtet nach außen. Die Ausblasrichtung 7 der Ausblasschuten 5, 6 sind entlang der Außenseite des Isoliergehäuses 4 und aufeinander zu ausgerichtet. Die beiden aus den Ausblasschuten 5, 6 austretenden Gasströme treffen so etwa auf halber Länge des Isoliergehäuses 4 aufeinander. Ein im Inneren des Isoliergehäuses 4 entstandener Lichtbogen kommutiert dann nach außen und brennt zwischen den Ausblasschuten. Die Lichtbogenfußpunkte können dann auf den Oberflächen der Endarmaturen 2, 3 wandern. Die Endarmaturen 2, 3 werden dabei weitgehend zerstört.If the discharge column 29 is overloaded, a large amount of gas is generated inside the insulating housing 4 . Due to the increased pressure, the membranes 26 rupture and the gas flows outward via the outlet chutes 5, 6 arranged in the end fittings 2, 3. The blow-out direction 7 of the blow-out chutes 5, 6 are aligned along the outside of the insulating housing 4 and toward one another. The two gas streams emerging from the blow-out chutes 5, 6 thus meet one another approximately halfway along the length of the insulating housing 4. An arc created inside the insulating housing 4 then commutates outwards and burns between the exhaust chutes. The arc roots can then migrate to the surfaces of the end fittings 2, 3. The end fittings 2, 3 are largely destroyed in the process.

Die Figur 2 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiter 1, die Figur 3 einen Ausschnitt daraus im Bereich der oberen Endarmatur. Neben den in Figur 1 gezeigten Komponenten weist dieser zusätzlich zwei Lichtbogenelektroden 9, 10 auf. Die Lichtbogenelektroden 9, 10 bestehen im Wesentlichen aus jeweils einem Blechstreifen dessen Enden sich verjüngen und zu Zungen 8 umgebogen sind. Mit jeder Endarmatur 2, 3 ist eine Lichtbogenelektrode 9 ,10 elektrisch verbunden. Die Lichtbogenelektroden 9, 10 sind auf einer dem Isoliergehäuse 4 abgewandten Außenseite des Flansches 25 der Endarmaturen 2, 3 befestigt. An einem der Flansche 25 ist außerdem eine Anschlussplatte 31 zum Anschluss einer Hochspannungsleitung, am Anderen eine Montageplatte 32 zum Befestigen an einem Stützfuß angeordnet. Anschlussplatte 31 und Montageplatte 32 sind nur beispielhaft und kein Bestandteil des Überspannungsableiters 1.the figure 2 shows a surge arrester 1 according to the invention, the figure 3 an excerpt from it in the area of upper end fitting. In addition to the figure 1 The components shown also have two arc electrodes 9 , 10 . The arc electrodes 9, 10 consist essentially of a sheet metal strip, the ends of which taper and are bent to form tongues 8. An arc electrode 9 , 10 is electrically connected to each end fitting 2 , 3 . The arc electrodes 9 , 10 are fastened to an outside of the flange 25 of the end fittings 2 , 3 which faces away from the insulating housing 4 . A connection plate 31 for connecting a high-voltage line is also arranged on one of the flanges 25, and a mounting plate 32 for attachment to a support foot is arranged on the other. Connection plate 31 and mounting plate 32 are only examples and are not part of surge arrester 1.

Jeweils eine der umgebogenen Zungen 8 der Lichtbogenelektroden 9, 10 zeigt in Ausblasrichtung 7 der Ausblasschuten 5, 6. Die Zunge 8 ist derart gegenüber den Ausblasschuten 5, 6 ausgerichtet, dass ein austretender Gasstrom die Zunge 8 streift oder an ihr entlang strömt, ohne verwirbelt zu werden. Die Außenkante der Zunge 8 dient als Kontaktfläche 12 für einen Lichtbogenfußpunkt. Die Kontaktflächen 12 sind dabei radial weiter von der Längsachse 40 beabstandet, als eine Außenkontur des Isoliergehäuses 4. Ein zwischen den Kontaktflächen 12 brennender Lichtbogen wird so vom Isoliergehäuse 4 fern gehalten. Der Abstand der Kontaktflächen 12 der beiden Lichtbogenelektroden 9, 10 ist außerdem geringer, als der Abstand der Ausblasschuten 5, 6 voneinander, so dass der Lichtbogen vorzugsweise auf die Lichtbogenelektroden 9, 10 kommutiert.One of the bent tongues 8 of the arc electrodes 9, 10 points in the blow-out direction 7 of the blow-out chutes 5, 6. The tongue 8 is aligned with respect to the blow-out chutes 5, 6 in such a way that an exiting gas stream touches the tongue 8 or flows along it without being swirled to become. The outer edge of the tongue 8 serves as a contact surface 12 for an arc base. The contact surfaces 12 are spaced further radially from the longitudinal axis 40 than an outer contour of the insulating housing 4. An arc burning between the contact surfaces 12 is thus kept away from the insulating housing 4. The distance between the contact surfaces 12 of the two arc electrodes 9, 10 is also less than the distance between the blow-out chutes 5, 6, so that the arc preferably commutes to the arc electrodes 9, 10.

Die Lichtbogenelektroden 9, 10 sind vorzugsweise aus einem abbrandfesteren Material als die Endarmaturen 2, 3 gefertigt, halten also einem brennenden Lichtbogen länger stand. Die Endarmaturen 2, 3 können so kostengünstig aus Aluminium hergestellt werden und die Lichtbogenelektroden 9, 10 aus einem Stahl wie Baustahl oder Werkzeugstahl.The arc electrodes 9, 10 are preferably made of a more erosion-resistant material than the end fittings 2, 3, so they can withstand a burning arc longer. The end fittings 2, 3 can thus be manufactured inexpensively from aluminum and the arc electrodes 9, 10 from steel such as mild steel or tool steel.

Falls die im Bereich der Ausblasschuten 5, 6 angeordnete Zunge 8 der Lichtbogenelektrode 9, 10 durch den Lichtbogen weitgehend abgebrannt ist, dient die zweite, den Ausblasschuten 5, 6 radial gegenüberliegende Zunge 8 der Lichtbogenelektroden 9, 10 dazu, den Lichtbogenfußpunkt zu übernehmen, um zu verhindern, dass er auf die Ausblasschuten 5, 6 oder andere Teile der Endarmaturen 2, 3 kommutiert.If the tongue 8 of the arcing electrode 9, 10 arranged in the area of the blow-out chute 5, 6 is largely burned off by the arc, the second tongue 8 of the arcing electrode 9, 10 radially opposite the blow-out chute 5, 6 serves to take over the arc foot point in order to to prevent that he commutated to the Ausblaschuten 5, 6 or other parts of the end fittings 2, 3.

Die Figur 4 zeigt eine alternative Ausführungsform der Lichtbogenelektrode 11. Hier besteht die Lichtbogenelektrode 11 aus einem um die Längsachse 40 umlaufenden Ring 13, der mittels vier Befestigungslaschen 14 am Flansch 25 der Endarmatur 2 befestigt ist. Die Befestigungslaschen 14 sind hier auf einer dem Isoliergehäuse 4 zugewandten Seite des Flansches 25 befestigt. Dadurch kann eine solche Lichtbogenelektrode 11 nachträglich an einen herkömmlichen Überspannungsableiter 30 montiert werden, ohne dass Anschlussplatte 31 oder Montageplatte 32 entfernt werden müssen. Außerdem kann der Lichtbogen auf dem umlaufenden Ring 13 wandern, ohne auf die Endarmaturen 2, 3 zu springen.the figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the arcing electrode 11. Here, the arcing electrode 11 consists of a ring 13 running around the longitudinal axis 40, which is fastened to the flange 25 of the end fitting 2 by means of four fastening lugs 14. The fastening lugs 14 are fastened here on a side of the flange 25 facing the insulating housing 4 . As a result, such an arcing electrode 11 can be retrofitted to a conventional surge arrester 30 without the connection plate 31 or mounting plate 32 having to be removed. In addition, the arc can travel along the rotating ring 13 without jumping onto the end fittings 2, 3.

Die Figur 5 zeigt eine einzelne Lichtbogenelektrode 9 in einer alternativen Ausführung. Sie ist ähnlich aufgebaut, wie die Lichtbogenelektrode 9 der Figur 2 und 3, weist jedoch nur eine Zunge 8 auf. Wie diese weist die Lichtbogenelektrode 10 einen Flansch 15 auf, der im montierten Zustand senkrecht zur Längsachse 40 angeordnet ist. Der Flansch 15 ist eine im Wesentlichen rechteckige, hier quadratische Platte mit Befestigungslöchern 16, die im selben Lochraster angelegt sind, wie die des Flansches 25 der Endarmaturen 2, 3. Vom Flansch 15 steht eine Zunge 8 ab, die in Richtung der Längsachse 40 umgebogen ist. Zu ihrem freien Ende hin verjüngt sich die Zunge 8. Flansch 15 und Zunge 8 bilden einen stumpfen Winkel. Das freie Ende der Zunge 8 bildet die Kontaktfläche 12. In der Zunge 8 kann eine Ausnehmung 17 angeordnet sein. Dies spart Material oder macht ein auf der Ausblasschute angebrachtes Typenschild sichtbar.the figure 5 shows a single arc electrode 9 in an alternative embodiment. It is constructed similarly to the arc electrode 9 of figure 2 and 3 , but has only one tongue 8 . Like these, the arcing electrode 10 has a flange 15 which is arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis 40 in the assembled state. The flange 15 is an essentially rectangular, here square plate with fastening holes 16 which are laid out in the same hole pattern as those of the flange 25 of the end fittings 2, 3. A tongue 8 protrudes from the flange 15 and is bent in the direction of the longitudinal axis 40 is. The tongue 8 tapers towards its free end. Flange 15 and tongue 8 form an obtuse angle. The free end of the tongue 8 forms the contact surface 12. In the tongue 8, a recess 17 can be arranged. This saves material or makes a type plate attached to the exhaust chute visible.

Claims (8)

  1. Surge arrester (1) having an arresting column (29), which extends between two end armatures (2, 3) along a longitudinal axis (40) and is surrounded by an insulating housing (4), wherein in each case an arc electrode (9, 10, 11) is electrically connected to each of the two end armatures (2, 3), wherein each arc electrode (9, 10, 11) has a contact surface (12) for an arc root, wherein the contact surface (12) is at a further radial distance from the longitudinal axis (40) than an outer contour of the insulating housing (4), wherein each arc electrode (9, 10, 11) has at least one tongue (8), on the free end of which the contact surface (12) is arranged,
    wherein
    the respective tongue is bent at its free end in the direction of the longitudinal axis (40), characterized in that the at least one tongue (8) is oriented with respect to exhaust chutes (5, 6) in such a way that a stream of gas emerging from the insulating housing (4) touches the tongue (8) or flows along said tongue with no turbulence, and wherein
    the contact surfaces (12) are arranged in the region of the stream of gas emerging from the respective exhaust chute (5, 6) .
  2. Surge arrester (1) according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    each end armature (2, 3) has one of the exhaust chutes (5, 6) for the targeted release of a stream of gas from the insulating housing (4) in an exhaust direction (7), wherein the exhaust directions (7) are directed towards one another.
  3. Surge arrester (1) according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that
    the arc electrodes (9, 10, 11) are produced from a material with a higher erosion resistance than the material of the end armatures (2, 3).
  4. Surge arrester (1) according to Claim 3,
    characterized in that
    the arc electrodes (9, 10, 11) are produced from steel and the end armatures (2, 3) are produced from aluminium.
  5. Surge arrester (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that
    the arc electrodes (9, 10, 11) each have a flange (15) arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (40), by means of which flange the arc electrodes can be secured to the outside of the end armatures (2, 3).
  6. Surge arrester (1) according to Claim 5,
    characterized in that
    the at least one tongue (8) bent in the direction of the longitudinal axis (40) protrudes from the flange (15).
  7. Surge arrester (1) according to one of Claims 2 to 4, characterized in that
    the arc electrodes (9, 10, 11) each have a ring (13) running around the longitudinal axis (40), wherein the ring (13) is connected to the respective end armature (2, 3) by means of securing lugs (14) and in each case the contact surface (12) is arranged on the side of the ring (13) facing away from the respective exhaust chute (5, 6).
  8. Surge arrester (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that
    in each case one arc electrode (9, 10, 11) is secured to the outside of each of the end armatures (2, 3).
EP14182268.4A 2014-08-26 2014-08-26 Surge arrester Active EP2991084B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14182268.4A EP2991084B1 (en) 2014-08-26 2014-08-26 Surge arrester

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EP2991084B1 true EP2991084B1 (en) 2022-05-11

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Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017203657A1 (en) * 2017-03-07 2018-09-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Surge arresters and method of manufacturing a surge arrester

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3588578A (en) * 1970-05-22 1971-06-28 Mc Graw Edison Co Lightning arrester venting means
US4467387A (en) * 1982-09-30 1984-08-21 General Electric Company Combination strut insulator and lightning arrester
EP0642141B1 (en) * 1993-09-06 1997-03-05 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Surge arrester
US5402100A (en) * 1993-12-06 1995-03-28 General Electric Company Overvoltage surge arrester with means for protecting its porcelain housing against rupture by arc-produced shocks

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