EP0024584B1 - Overvoltage arrester with spark gap - Google Patents

Overvoltage arrester with spark gap Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0024584B1
EP0024584B1 EP80104593A EP80104593A EP0024584B1 EP 0024584 B1 EP0024584 B1 EP 0024584B1 EP 80104593 A EP80104593 A EP 80104593A EP 80104593 A EP80104593 A EP 80104593A EP 0024584 B1 EP0024584 B1 EP 0024584B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
surge arrester
arrester according
electrodes
gas
insulating body
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Expired
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EP80104593A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0024584A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Dr.-Ing. Hasse
Johannes Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wiesinger
Erich Dr.-Ing. Pivit
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Bosch Telecom GmbH
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ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH
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Publication of EP0024584A1 publication Critical patent/EP0024584A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/02—Means for extinguishing arc
    • H01T1/08—Means for extinguishing arc using flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01T1/10—Means for extinguishing arc using flow of arc-extinguishing fluid with extinguishing fluid evolved from solid material by heat of arc

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surge arrester, in particular for the limitation of overvoltages in low-voltage systems and for the lightning-protection coupling of galvanically isolated circuits with at least one spark gap according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a metallic resistor with a high positive temperature coefficient is inserted in the supply line.
  • this resistance will take on very high values, so that the line follow currents are limited to small values and are therefore more easily extinguished, but at the same time by the Voltage drop across the resistor, higher overvoltage values are passed on to the connected low-voltage systems.
  • Such an arrester is not suitable for direct lightning strikes.
  • surge arresters have become known, for example, from DE-OS 2 337 743 and 2 627 648, the flashover in the outer region either between the outer surfaces of the preferably planar, disc-shaped electrodes, the end surfaces of which are kept at a distance by an insulation layer, or between the outer surface one and the end face of the other electrode.
  • this surge arrester it is advantageous that the energy generated in the event of a flashover should be dissipated quickly, thus eliminating the risk of explosion.
  • the surge arrester according to the invention has the advantage that the energy generated during the flashover is used to generate a sufficient amount of extinguishing gas from the chamber walls made of appropriate insulating material (hard gas) in such a way that the arc is pushed away from the gap and the ionized gases quickly and be blown to the outside without traffic jams so that no further ignition from the mains voltage can take place after the end of the overvoltage.
  • Appropriate geometrical designs of the electrodes and the chamber areas surrounding them result in a "broadband" quenching behavior, ie. H. for any current strength. Because the arc is pushed away from the inside out, the ignition area does not burn excessively, which results in a long service life.
  • Optimal refinements of the invention result from disk-shaped insulating bodies which serve as spacers between the electrodes, through rotationally symmetrical arrangements of electrodes and spacers, in particular with the same diameter. Further good training consists in hollow cylindrical arrangements of the one electrode and the insulating body.
  • the arc discharge region 1 is located between the lateral surfaces of the disk-shaped electrodes 2, 3 and 3, 4, which are kept at a distance by insulating bodies 6, 6 '.
  • a common hollow cylinder 6a is arranged over both spark gaps, the spark gaps being sealed off from each other so that they cannot unite.
  • the hollow cylinder 6a has annular outlet openings 8 at the top and bottom and borehole-shaped outlet openings 8b on its outer surface.
  • the upper spark gap has a spacing insulating body 6, which can also consist of hard gas or a similar substance that emits gas in the region 1 under the action of heat from the arc. Such an insulating body provides an additional improvement in the extinguishing behavior.
  • the lower spark gap between the electrodes 3 and 4 has a spacing insulating body 6 ', which consists not of hard gas but of mica. This has the advantage that the double spark gap still has the required insulation resistance if the insulating body (6) from hard gas in the upper spark gap has burned or melted after a long period of use and is no longer able to sufficiently isolate the electrodes 2 and 3 from one another.
  • each spark gap is surrounded by a hollow cylinder made of hard gas 6b.
  • This hollow cylinder is inserted in each case on the outer electrodes 2 and 4 in their likewise hollow cylindrical extensions 20 and 40 such that there is only one opening on the connecting piece 30 of the two electrodes 3.
  • the two spark gaps are also sealed off by an annular insulating material 6c around the connecting piece 30, so that they cannot unite.
  • This arrangement of electrodes and insulating material creates a chamber-like area 5 on each of the outer electrodes 2, 4, in which a gas overpressure can develop during the arc discharge. This excess gas pressure can dissipate via the annular channel 10 and past the annular insulating material 6c through the band-ring-shaped opening 8, the arc discharge area being blown out cleanly.
  • Fig. 2a shows another embodiment of the invention, wherein a hollow cylindrical top electrode 2 'is placed over a cylindrical lower electrode 3' in such a way that a closed chamber 5 is formed between the end faces and an arc discharge unfolds between the outer surfaces in area 1 can.
  • a likewise hollow-cylindrical body made of hard gas 6e between the jacket surfaces so that the arc cannot migrate into chamber 5 and, especially with larger currents, down into area 1 'between the outer jacket surface of the lower inner one
  • Electrode 3 'and the phase surface 21 or the lower end face 22 of the electrode 2' is pressed.
  • the electrode 2 ' has a disc-shaped extension 20 at the top.
  • the hard gas cylinder has borehole-shaped openings 8a, b on its bottom surface and on its lateral surface, through which the gases generated during the arc discharge can escape, the excess pressure arising in the chamber 5 contributing to the clean discharge of the arc discharge area.
  • FIG. 2b shows an advantageous embodiment of the invention, wherein three disk-shaped electrodes 2, 3, 4, which are insulated from one another by disk-shaped spacing insulating bodies 6, 6 'and are kept at a distance, are arranged one above the other. Both spark gaps are surrounded by a hollow cylinder made of hard gas 6f closed at the top in such a way that an annular outlet opening 8 remains on the lower electrode 4.
  • the two outer electrodes 2 and 4 have a jump in diameter at a certain distance.
  • the two single rollover sections 1 combine shortly after the ignition (approximately after 20 microseconds) in such a way that an arc discharge only takes place between the changes in diameter of the two outer electrodes 2, 4 in the region 1 ', the same being pressed magnetically against the center electrode, strongly cooled there and in turn repelled.
  • a stable arc is formed at a medium distance from the central electrode.
  • hardly any discharge occurs at the gaps between the electrodes or at their edges, so that there is only a particularly small amount of erosion.
  • one insulator is made with hard gas 6 and the other with mica 6 ', such a surge arrester according to the invention combines a high level of reliability, a long service life and optimal extinguishing behavior for mains after-currents.
  • FIG. 3 shows another exemplary embodiment according to the invention, in which the two disk-shaped electrodes 2, 3 are kept at a distance by an insulating body of the same diameter made of hard gas 6. Due to the one-sided closed hollow cylinder surrounding the two electrodes 2, 3 and their connections 20, 30, which has an annular outlet opening 8 at the bottom and the walls of which are made of hard gas 6f, which produces extinguishing gas under the action of heat from the arc, an overpressure which has a favorable effect on the extinguishing of the arc. The two electrodes experience a jump in diameter at a certain distance from one another and have a further increase in diameter with increasing distance. In this way, the arc can increase with increasing electricity Unfold thickness from area 1 between the outer surfaces of electrodes 2 and 3 (area 1 ').
  • this gap is not only filled with air but also with hard gas 6g, whereby an increased blowing effect for extinguishing the arc is achieved.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Überspannungsableiter, insbesondere für die Begrenzung von Überspannungen in Niederspannungsanlagen und für die blitzschutzmäßige Kopplung galvanisch getrennter Kreise mit mindestens einer Funkenstrecke gemäß Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a surge arrester, in particular for the limitation of overvoltages in low-voltage systems and for the lightning-protection coupling of galvanically isolated circuits with at least one spark gap according to the preamble of claim 1.

Dieser Stand der Technik ist bekannt durch das US-Patent 2 987 642, das einen Sekundär-Blitzschutz mit einer Funkenstrecke beschreibt, bei der zwei Kammern vorgesehen sind, wobei die eine Kammer über Gasaustrittsöffnungen verfügt und wobei in der Nähe des Bogenentladungsbereichs ein gasabgebendes Isolierstück vorgesehen ist. Diese Funkenstrecke vermag Netzfolgeströme zwar zu löschen, jedoch ist durch den relativ großen Abstand der beiden Zündelektroden der Zündbereich und der nachfolgende Bogenentladungsbereich nahezu identisch, so daß der Zündbereich einem erhöhten Abbrennen ausgesetzt ist. Die US-Patentschrift 3141108 betrifft ebenfalls einen Überspannungsableiter der eingangs genannten Art, bei welcher der Isolierkörper zwischen den Elektroden bei Wärmeentwicklung der Bodenentladung Löschgas abgibt, so daß der Bogen gelöscht wird. Auch hier sind die Verhältnisse ähnlich wie bei dem zuvor erwähnten Sekundär-Blitzschutz. Außerdem befindet sich der Bogenentladungsbereich an der Außenwand, während die GasAustrittsöffnungen weiter innen an der inneren Elektrode angebracht sind, wodurch sich die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Staubbildung wesentlich erhöht.This prior art is known from U.S. Patent 2,987,642, which describes secondary lightning protection with a spark gap in which two chambers are provided, one chamber having gas outlet openings and a gas-emitting insulating piece being provided in the vicinity of the arc area is. Although this spark gap is able to extinguish line follow currents, the relatively large distance between the two ignition electrodes means that the ignition area and the subsequent arc discharge area are almost identical, so that the ignition area is exposed to increased burning. US Pat. No. 3,141,108 also relates to a surge arrester of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the insulating body between the electrodes releases extinguishing gas when the bottom discharge develops heat, so that the arc is extinguished. Here, too, the conditions are similar to the previously mentioned secondary lightning protection. In addition, the arc discharge area is located on the outer wall, while the gas outlet openings are located further inside on the inner electrode, which significantly increases the likelihood of dust formation.

Zusätzlich ist in der Zuleitung ein metallischer Widerstand mit hohem positivem Temperaturkoeffizienten eingefügt. In Überspannungszeiten, beispielsweise bei Gewittern, wobei die Überspannungen über längere Zeit andauern und viele Entladungen kurz hintereinander erfolgen, wird dieser Widerstand sehr hohe Werte annehmen, so daß dadurch zwar die Netzfolgeströme auf kleine Werte begrenzt und damit leichter gelöscht werden, daß aber gleichzeitig durch den Spannungsabfall an dem Widerstand höhere Überspannungswerte an die angeschlossenen Niederspannungsanlagen durchgereicht werden. Ein solcher Ableiter ist für direkte Blitzeinschläge nicht geeignet.In addition, a metallic resistor with a high positive temperature coefficient is inserted in the supply line. In overvoltage times, for example during thunderstorms, where the overvoltages last for a long time and many discharges take place in quick succession, this resistance will take on very high values, so that the line follow currents are limited to small values and are therefore more easily extinguished, but at the same time by the Voltage drop across the resistor, higher overvoltage values are passed on to the connected low-voltage systems. Such an arrester is not suitable for direct lightning strikes.

Weitere Überspannungsableiter sind beispielsweise durch die DE-OS 2 337 743 bzw. 2 627 648 bekanntgeworden, wobei sich die Überschlagstelle im Außenbereich entweder zwischen den Mantelflächen der bevorzugt planen, scheibenförmigen Elektroden, deren Stirnflächen durch eine Isolationsschicht auf Abstand gehalten werden, oder zwischen der Mantelfläche der einen und der Stirnfläche der anderen Elektrode ausbildet. Bei diesem Überspannungsableiter ist es von Vorteil, daß die beim Überschlag entstehende Energie rasch abgeführt und somit eine Explosionsgefahr gebannt werden soll.Further surge arresters have become known, for example, from DE-OS 2 337 743 and 2 627 648, the flashover in the outer region either between the outer surfaces of the preferably planar, disc-shaped electrodes, the end surfaces of which are kept at a distance by an insulation layer, or between the outer surface one and the end face of the other electrode. With this surge arrester, it is advantageous that the energy generated in the event of a flashover should be dissipated quickly, thus eliminating the risk of explosion.

Nachteil ist jedoch das nicht ganz optimale Löschverhalten für Netznachströme.The disadvantage, however, is the not quite optimal extinguishing behavior for network after-streams.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, einen unaufwendigen Überspannungsableiter mit verbessertem Löschverhalten für Netznachströme und mit hoher Lebensdauer anzugeben.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an inexpensive surge arrester with improved quenching behavior for mains after-currents and with a long service life.

Die Lösung der Erfindung erfolgt nach den im Patentanspruch 1 angegebenen Mitteln.The solution of the invention is carried out according to the means specified in claim 1.

Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiter ergibt sich der Vorteil, daß die beim Überschlag entstehende Energie dazu benutzt wird, Löschgas in genügender Menge aus dem aus entsprechendem Isolierstoff (Hartgas) bestehenden Kammerwänden derart zu erzeugen, daß der Lichtbogen vom Spalt weggedrückt wird und die ionisierten Gase schnell und ohne Stau nach außen geblasen werden, so daß nach Überspannungsende keine weitere Zündung durch die Netzspannung erfolgen kann. Durch entsprechende Geometrieausführungen der Elektroden und der sie umgebenden Kammerbereiche wird ein »breitbandiges« Löschverhalten, d. h. für beliebige Stromstärken, erreicht. Dadurch, daß der Lichtbogen von innen nach außen weggedrückt wird, erfährt der Zündbereich keinen übermäßigen Abbrand, was sich in einer hohen Lebensdauer niederschlägt.The surge arrester according to the invention has the advantage that the energy generated during the flashover is used to generate a sufficient amount of extinguishing gas from the chamber walls made of appropriate insulating material (hard gas) in such a way that the arc is pushed away from the gap and the ionized gases quickly and be blown to the outside without traffic jams so that no further ignition from the mains voltage can take place after the end of the overvoltage. Appropriate geometrical designs of the electrodes and the chamber areas surrounding them result in a "broadband" quenching behavior, ie. H. for any current strength. Because the arc is pushed away from the inside out, the ignition area does not burn excessively, which results in a long service life.

Optimale Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich durch scheibenförmige Isolierkörper, die als Abstandshalter zwischen den Elektroden dienen, durch rotationssymmetrische Anordnungen von Elektroden und Abstandshalter, insbesondere mit gleichem Durchmesser. Weitere gute Ausbildungen bestehen in hohlzylinderförmigen Anordnungen der einen Elektrode und des Isolierkörpers.Optimal refinements of the invention result from disk-shaped insulating bodies which serve as spacers between the electrodes, through rotationally symmetrical arrangements of electrodes and spacers, in particular with the same diameter. Further good training consists in hollow cylindrical arrangements of the one electrode and the insulating body.

Eine noch höhere Lebensdauer wird durch Verwendung zweier in Reihe geschalteten Funkenstrecken bzw. durch Elektrodendurchmessersprünge erreicht. Durch Spaltung einer Elektrode nahe am Zündbereich und durch Ausfüllen des Spaltraumes mit Hartgas wird eine noch bessere Ausblasung erreicht.An even longer lifespan is achieved by using two spark gaps connected in series or by electrode diameter jumps. By splitting an electrode close to the ignition area and filling the gap with hard gas, an even better blow-out is achieved.

Es folgt nun die Beschreibung der Erfindung anhand der Figuren, die Querschnitte durch erfindungsgemäße Ausführungsbeispiele zeigen.There now follows the description of the invention with reference to the figures, which show cross sections through exemplary embodiments according to the invention.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt Elektrodenanordnungen mit zwei hintereinandergeschalteten Funkenstrekken. Der Bogenentladungsbereich 1 befindet sich zwischen den Mantelflächen der scheibenförmigen Elektroden 2, 3 bzw. 3, 4, die durch Isolierkörper 6, 6' auf Abstand gehalten werden. Durch die Anordnung von Hohlzylindern 6a, 6b, die aus Hartgas oder einem ähnlichen Stoff, der unter Wärmeeinwirkung Gas abgibt, bestehen und über Austrittsöffnungen verfügen, um die Elektroden bzw. um den Lichtbogenbereich wird erreicht, daß durch die Wärme des Lichtbogens Löschgas erzeugt, der Lichtbogen etwas nach außen gedrückt und nach beendeter Überspannung gelöscht wird, so daß nach Wiederkehr der Netzspannung keine erneute Zündung erfolgen kann.1 shows electrode arrangements with two spark gaps connected in series. The arc discharge region 1 is located between the lateral surfaces of the disk-shaped electrodes 2, 3 and 3, 4, which are kept at a distance by insulating bodies 6, 6 '. The arrangement of hollow cylinders 6a, 6b, which consist of hard gas or a similar substance that gives off gas under the action of heat, and have outlet openings around the electrodes or around the arc area, ensures that quenching gas is generated by the heat of the arc, which Arc is slightly pushed outwards and extinguished after the overvoltage has ended, so that there is no renewed ignition after the mains voltage has returned can.

In Fig. 1a ist über beiden Funkenstrecken ein gemeinsamer Hohlzylinder 6a angeordnet, wobei die Funkenstrecken voneinander abgeschottet sind, so daß sie sich nicht vereinigen können. Der Hohlzylinder 6a weist oben und unten ringförmige Austrittsöffnungen 8 und an seiner Mantelfläche bohrlochförmige Austrittsöffnungen 8b auf. Die obere Funkenstrecke weist einen abstandhaltenden Isolierkörper 6 auf, der ebenfalls aus Hartgas oder einem ähnlichen Stoff bestehen kann, der unter Wärmeeinwirkung des Lichtbogens im Bereich 1 Gas abgibt. Durch einen solchen Isolierkörper wird eine zusätzliche Verbesserung des Löschverhaltens erreicht. Die untere Funkenstrecke zwischen den Elektroden 3 und 4 weist einen abstandhaltenden Isolierkörper 6' auf, der nicht aus Hartgas sondern aus Glimmer besteht. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß die Doppelfunkenstrecke auch dann noch den geforderten Isolationswiderstand aufweist, wenn der Isolierkörper (6) aus Hartgas der oberen Funkenstrecke nach längerem Einsatz abgebrannt oder geschmolzen ist und die Elektroden 2 und 3 nicht mehr in genügendem Maße voneinander zu isolieren vermag.In Fig. 1a, a common hollow cylinder 6a is arranged over both spark gaps, the spark gaps being sealed off from each other so that they cannot unite. The hollow cylinder 6a has annular outlet openings 8 at the top and bottom and borehole-shaped outlet openings 8b on its outer surface. The upper spark gap has a spacing insulating body 6, which can also consist of hard gas or a similar substance that emits gas in the region 1 under the action of heat from the arc. Such an insulating body provides an additional improvement in the extinguishing behavior. The lower spark gap between the electrodes 3 and 4 has a spacing insulating body 6 ', which consists not of hard gas but of mica. This has the advantage that the double spark gap still has the required insulation resistance if the insulating body (6) from hard gas in the upper spark gap has burned or melted after a long period of use and is no longer able to sufficiently isolate the electrodes 2 and 3 from one another.

In Fig. 1b ist ein anderes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Doppelfunkenstrecke dargestellt, bei dem jede Funkenstrecke von einem Hohlzylinder aus Hartgas 6b umgeben ist. Dieser Hohlzylinder ist jeweils an den äußeren Elektroden 2 bzw. 4 in deren ebenfalls hohlzylinderförmigen Fortsätze 20 bzw. 40 derart eingelegt, daß nur eine Öffnung am Verbindungsstück 30 der beiden Elektroden 3 vorhanden ist. Durch einen ringförmigen Isolierstoff 6c um das Verbindungsstück 30 werden die beiden Funkenstrecken ebenfalls abgeschottet, so daß sie sich nicht vereinigen können. Durch diese Anordnung von Elektroden und Isolierstoff entsteht jeweils an den äußeren Elektroden 2, 4 ein kammerartiger Bereich 5, in dem sich bei der Bogenentladung ein Gasüberdruck ausbilden kann. Dieser Gasüberdruck kann sich über den ringförmigen Kanal 10 und an dem ringförmigen Isolierstoff 6c vorbei durch die bandringförmige Öffnung 8 abbauen, wobei der Bogenentladungsbereich sauber ausgeblasen wird.1b shows another embodiment of a double spark gap, in which each spark gap is surrounded by a hollow cylinder made of hard gas 6b. This hollow cylinder is inserted in each case on the outer electrodes 2 and 4 in their likewise hollow cylindrical extensions 20 and 40 such that there is only one opening on the connecting piece 30 of the two electrodes 3. The two spark gaps are also sealed off by an annular insulating material 6c around the connecting piece 30, so that they cannot unite. This arrangement of electrodes and insulating material creates a chamber-like area 5 on each of the outer electrodes 2, 4, in which a gas overpressure can develop during the arc discharge. This excess gas pressure can dissipate via the annular channel 10 and past the annular insulating material 6c through the band-ring-shaped opening 8, the arc discharge area being blown out cleanly.

Die Fig. 2a zeigt ein anderes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung, wobei über eine zylinderförmige untere Elektrode 3' eine hohlzylinderförmige oben geschlossene Elektrode 2' derart gestülpt ist, daß zwischen den Stirnflächen eine geschlossene Kammer 5 entsteht und sich zwischen den Mantelflächen im Bereich 1 eine Bogenentladung entfalten kann. Direkt angrenzend an den Bereich 1 der Bogenentladung ist ein ebenfalls hohlzylinderförmiger Körper aus Hartgas 6e zwischen den Mantelflächen angeordnet, so daß der Lichtbogen nicht in die Kammer 5 wandern kann und vor allem bei größeren Stromstärken nach unten in den Bereich 1' zwischen Außenmantelfläche der unteren inneren Elektrode 3' und der Phasenfläche 21 bzw. der unteren Stirnfläche 22 der Elektrode 2' gedrückt wird. Die Elektrode 2' weist oben einen scheibenförmigen Fortsatz 20 auf. Zwischen ihm und dem unteren Ende der Elektrode 3' ist ein einseitig geschlossener Hohlzylinder aus Hartgas 6d als Abstandshalter 9 angeordnet, so daß eine ringförmige Kammer 10 entsteht. Der Hartgaszylinder weist an seiner Bodenfläche und an seiner Mantelfläche bohrlochförmige Öffnungen 8a, b auf, durch die die bei der Bogenentladung entstehenden Gase entweichen können, wobei der in der Kammer 5 entstehende Überdruck dazu beiträgt, daß der Bogenentladungsbereich sauber ausgelasen wird.Fig. 2a shows another embodiment of the invention, wherein a hollow cylindrical top electrode 2 'is placed over a cylindrical lower electrode 3' in such a way that a closed chamber 5 is formed between the end faces and an arc discharge unfolds between the outer surfaces in area 1 can. Directly adjacent to area 1 of the arc discharge is a likewise hollow-cylindrical body made of hard gas 6e between the jacket surfaces, so that the arc cannot migrate into chamber 5 and, especially with larger currents, down into area 1 'between the outer jacket surface of the lower inner one Electrode 3 'and the phase surface 21 or the lower end face 22 of the electrode 2' is pressed. The electrode 2 'has a disc-shaped extension 20 at the top. A hollow cylinder made of hard gas 6d, which is closed on one side, is arranged as a spacer 9 between it and the lower end of the electrode 3 ', so that an annular chamber 10 is formed. The hard gas cylinder has borehole-shaped openings 8a, b on its bottom surface and on its lateral surface, through which the gases generated during the arc discharge can escape, the excess pressure arising in the chamber 5 contributing to the clean discharge of the arc discharge area.

In Fig. 2b ist eine vorteilhafte Ausführung der Erfindung dargestellt, wobei drei scheibenförmige Elektroden 2, 3, 4, die durch scheibenförmige abstandhaltende Isolierkörper 6, 6' voneinander isoliert sind und auf Abstand gehalten werden, übereinander angeordnet sind. Beide Funkenstrecken werden durch einen oben geschlossenen Hohlzylinder aus Hartgas 6f derart umgeben, daß an der unteren Elektrode 4 eine ringförmige Austrittsöffnung 8 verbleibt. Die beiden äußeren Elektroden 2 und 4 weisen in einem gewissen Abstand einen Durchmessersprung auf. Besonders vorteilhaft ist hierbei, daß aufgrund der fehlenden Abschottung sich die beiden Einzelüberschlagstrecken 1 schon kurz nach der Zündung (etwa nach 20 Mikrosekunden) so vereinigen, daß nur noch zwischen den Durchmessersprüngen der beiden äußeren Elektroden 2, 4 im Bereich 1' eine Bogenentladung stattfindet, wobei dieselbe magnetisch gegen die Mittelelektrode gedrückt, dort stark gekühlt und wiederum abgestoßen wird. Auf diese Weise bildet sich ein stabiler Bogen im mittleren Abstand von der mittleren Elektrode. Hierbei tritt an den Spalten zwischen den Elektroden bzw. an deren Rändern kaum eine Entladung ein, so daß nur ein besonders geringer Abbrand erfolgt. Realisiert man den einen Isolierkörper mit Hartgas 6 und den anderen mit Glimmer 6', so vereinigt ein solcher erfindungsgemäßer Überspannungsableiter in sich eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit, eine lange Lebensdauer und ein optimales Löschverhalten für Netznachströme.2b shows an advantageous embodiment of the invention, wherein three disk-shaped electrodes 2, 3, 4, which are insulated from one another by disk-shaped spacing insulating bodies 6, 6 'and are kept at a distance, are arranged one above the other. Both spark gaps are surrounded by a hollow cylinder made of hard gas 6f closed at the top in such a way that an annular outlet opening 8 remains on the lower electrode 4. The two outer electrodes 2 and 4 have a jump in diameter at a certain distance. It is particularly advantageous here that, due to the lack of partitioning, the two single rollover sections 1 combine shortly after the ignition (approximately after 20 microseconds) in such a way that an arc discharge only takes place between the changes in diameter of the two outer electrodes 2, 4 in the region 1 ', the same being pressed magnetically against the center electrode, strongly cooled there and in turn repelled. In this way, a stable arc is formed at a medium distance from the central electrode. In this case, hardly any discharge occurs at the gaps between the electrodes or at their edges, so that there is only a particularly small amount of erosion. If one insulator is made with hard gas 6 and the other with mica 6 ', such a surge arrester according to the invention combines a high level of reliability, a long service life and optimal extinguishing behavior for mains after-currents.

In Fig. 3 ist ein anderes erfindungsgemäßes Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt, bei dem die beiden scheibenförmigen Elektroden 2, 3 durch einen Isolierkörper gleichen Durchmessers aus Hartgas 6 auf Abstand gehalten werden. Durch den die beiden Elektroden 2, 3 sowie deren Anschlüsse 20, 30 umgebenden einseitig geschlossenen Hohlzylinder, der nach unten eine ringförmige Austrittsöffnung 8 aufweist und dessen Wände aus Hartgas 6f bestehen, das unter der Wärmeeinwirkung des Lichtbogens Löschgas erzeugt, wird in der dadurch entstandenen, dem Lichtbogenbereich vorgelagerten Kammer 10" ein Überdruck erzeugt, der sich günstig auf die Löschung des Lichtbogens auswirkt. In einem gewissen Abstand zueinander erfahren die beiden Elektroden einen Durchmessersprung und weisen mit zunehmendem Abstand eine weitere Durchmesservergrößerung auf. Auf diese Weise kann sich der Lichtbogen mit steigender Stromstärke vom Bereich 1 zwischen den Mantelflächen der Elektroden 2 und 3 nach außen (Bereich 1') entfalten. Am Durchmessersprung ist nun jeweils in die Elektroden ein Spalt eingelassen, der dafür sorgt, daß die bei großen Stromstärken im äußeren Lichtbogenbereich 1' entstehende große Wärmeenergie nicht über die angrenzenden Elektrodenteile zum abstandhaltenden Isolierkörper 6 gelangen und diesen frühzeitig zerstören kann. In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird dieser Spalt nicht nur mit Luft sondern zusätzlich mit Hartgas 6g ausgefüllt, wodurch eine erhöhte Blaswirkung zum Löschen des Lichtbogens erreicht wird.3 shows another exemplary embodiment according to the invention, in which the two disk-shaped electrodes 2, 3 are kept at a distance by an insulating body of the same diameter made of hard gas 6. Due to the one-sided closed hollow cylinder surrounding the two electrodes 2, 3 and their connections 20, 30, which has an annular outlet opening 8 at the bottom and the walls of which are made of hard gas 6f, which produces extinguishing gas under the action of heat from the arc, an overpressure which has a favorable effect on the extinguishing of the arc. The two electrodes experience a jump in diameter at a certain distance from one another and have a further increase in diameter with increasing distance. In this way, the arc can increase with increasing electricity Unfold thickness from area 1 between the outer surfaces of electrodes 2 and 3 (area 1 '). At the jump in diameter, there is now a gap in each of the electrodes, which ensures that the large thermal energy which arises at high currents in the outer arc region 1 'does not reach the spacing insulating body 6 via the adjacent electrode parts and can destroy it at an early stage. In a further development of the invention, this gap is not only filled with air but also with hard gas 6g, whereby an increased blowing effect for extinguishing the arc is achieved.

Claims (12)

1. Surge arrester for the limitation of excessive voltages in low voltage installations and for the coupling, in terms of lightning protection, of conductively separate circuits with at least one spark gap, between the electrodes (2, 3) of which is disposed an insulating body (6), which under the effect of heat gives off quenching gas (solid gas), with an annular chamber (10, 10', 10" and 5) enclosing the region of the arc discharge (1) and having a gas exit opening (8), through which the gases arising on the arc discharge are blown, characterised thereby, that the walls at the inside of the annular chamber are formed by the disc-shaped or cylindrical electrodes and the insulating body arranged between these, that the remaining walls of the chamber consist of insulating material (6a, 6b, 6d, 6f), which under the effect of heat gives off quenching gas (solid gas), and that the cross-section of the annular chamber is so formed that so much quenching gas arises in the region (5) remote from the gas exit opening during the discharge that the arc is urged in direction towards the gas exit opening (8) and ionised gases are blown away.
2. Surge arrester according to claim 1 with disc-shaped electrodes (2, 3), characterised thereby, that the insulating body (6) is disc-shaped and serves as spacer member (fig. 1a, b, 2,3).
3. Surge arrester according to claim 1 or 2, characterised thereby, that the chamber is formed to be rotationally symmetrical.
4. Surge arrester according to claim 3, characterised thereby, that electrodes (2, 3, 4) and insulating body (6,6') display the same diameter.
5. Surge arrester according to claim 3, characterised thereby, that the one electrode (3') is formed to be cylindrically shaped and the other electrode (2') as well as the insulating body (6e) are formed to be of hollow cylindrical shape (fig. 2a).
6. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims, characterised by two spark gaps arranged in series (fig. 1a, 1 b, 2).
7. Surge arrester according to claim 6, characterised thereby, that the one spark gab displays an insulating body of mica (6') (fig. 1 a, 2b).
8. Surge arrester according to one of the claims 5, 6 or 7, characterised thereby, that the outer chamber wall (6d) forms the space-maintaining insulating piece (9) (fig. 2a).
9. Surge arrester according to claim 6, characterised thereby, that the outer electrodes (2, 4) display a step in diameter (fig. 2b).
10. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims, characterised thereby, that one electrode (2, 3) experiences an enlargement in diameter with increasing distance from the neighbouring one (fig. 3).
11. Surge arrester according to one of the preceding claims, characterised thereby, that one electrode (2, 3) displays a gap which subdivides the arc discharge region into an ignition region and an operating region (1,1').
12. Surge arrester according to claim 11, characterised thereby, that the gap contains solid gas (6g).
EP80104593A 1979-08-24 1980-08-04 Overvoltage arrester with spark gap Expired EP0024584B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2934236A DE2934236C2 (en) 1979-08-24 1979-08-24 Surge arrester with spark gap
DE2934236 1979-08-24

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EP0024584A1 EP0024584A1 (en) 1981-03-11
EP0024584B1 true EP0024584B1 (en) 1984-11-21

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US (1) US4345295A (en)
EP (1) EP0024584B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1158299A (en)
DE (1) DE2934236C2 (en)
DK (1) DK155479C (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK155479B (en) 1989-04-10
CA1158299A (en) 1983-12-06
DE2934236C2 (en) 1983-02-24
DK155479C (en) 1989-09-04
EP0024584A1 (en) 1981-03-11
DE2934236A1 (en) 1981-03-26
US4345295A (en) 1982-08-17
DK360080A (en) 1981-02-25

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