EP0608560A1 - Method for strengthening a textile floor covering and for fixing it simultaneously on an underlying surface and floor covering manufactured by this method - Google Patents
Method for strengthening a textile floor covering and for fixing it simultaneously on an underlying surface and floor covering manufactured by this method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0608560A1 EP0608560A1 EP93120904A EP93120904A EP0608560A1 EP 0608560 A1 EP0608560 A1 EP 0608560A1 EP 93120904 A EP93120904 A EP 93120904A EP 93120904 A EP93120904 A EP 93120904A EP 0608560 A1 EP0608560 A1 EP 0608560A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- textile web
- floor
- textile
- floor covering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for solidifying a textile floor covering and simultaneous fastening of the same on a substrate and a floor covering produced by this method.
- Textile floor coverings in particular needled or tufted floor coverings, do not yet have sufficient strength after needling or tufting, since the individual fibers can still be pulled out of the floor covering relatively easily.
- Such floor coverings are therefore impregnated with a binder at least on their back or from their back in the phase of manufacture in the factory or flattened with latex from the back, so that the fibers of the floor covering are firmly bound therein and the floor covering has a high pilling resistance.
- Needle fleece floor coverings which are obtained by needling a needle fleece are also known.
- a further floor covering is known from the unpublished DE-A-4214869, in which a layer of pieces of fabric is needled to form a floor covering.
- a finished carpet web can be glued as a floor covering on a floor to be covered by means of another binder, such as glue or the like.
- another binder such as glue or the like.
- Such a floor covering can also be laid loosely. In order for such a floor covering to have a sufficient quality desired by the customer, it must firstly be very stable. It should also have a mechanical damping effect. Such a floor covering therefore has a certain minimum thickness, which affects the material costs.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for solidifying a textile floor covering and fastening it to a substrate, by means of which the two process steps previously carried out at different locations and in particular at different times take place simultaneously.
- the method according to the invention for consolidating a textile floor covering and fastening it to a substrate is characterized in that a textile web held together by mechanical bonding is placed on a floor to be covered and at least the area of the textile web adjacent to the ground is consolidated by a binder and simultaneously the textile web is fastened to the floor by this binder.
- the textile web can be needled, and in particular is needled with a carrier layer. However, the textile web can also be tufted with a backing layer.
- the fibers of the textile web are dyed and differently colored fibers are used in particular. It is then recommended that a transparent synthetic resin, in particular an epoxy or acrylic resin, be used as the binder.
- the binder can also be dyed before being applied to the floor or to the textile web.
- the binder is distributed on the floor to be covered and the textile web is laid out on the binder.
- the binder is completely saved in the factory.
- a viscous binder is preferably used for this.
- the textile web is laid on the floor to be covered and the textile web is impregnated with the binder from above, in particular the binder is evenly distributed over the laid web, penetrating into and penetrating it. It is recommended that a less viscous binder is used.
- the binder composition which has not yet set is smoothed after pouring onto the textile web, so that a smooth floor covering is obtained.
- the binder composition which has not yet set is expediently distributed evenly by doctoring after pouring onto the textile web.
- the binder composition which has not yet set can be distributed evenly by rolling after being poured onto the textile web, the binder composition in particular being pressed through the textile web.
- the binder composition which has not yet set after being poured onto the textile web can also be embossed by rolling and in particular distributed unevenly, in particular the binder composition being pressed through the fiber aggregates becomes.
- the binder composition is colored before it is mixed with the fiber aggregates or before it is applied to the layer.
- binder layer which binds and at the same time isolates the floor covering to be fastened, to which the floor covering and at least its downwardly projecting fibers are fastened.
- a floor covering manufactured according to the above-described method is to be protected, in which the textile web is solidified in itself by one and the same binder and fastened to the floor.
- a textile floor covering 1 consists of a web-shaped layer 5 made of textile fibers which are connected to one another by needling or tufting, the layer not only being fastened to the floor 2 by means of a binder 4, but also the web-shaped layer 5 in itself by means of this binder 4 is solidified.
- FIG. 1 shows a needle-punched non-woven floor covering 1 in which a non-woven made of individual fibers 7 is held together by needled fibers 6.
- Fig. 2 shows a needled flooring 1, in which a Fleece made of spherically entangled textile fibers consisting of spherical fiber aggregates 3 is held together by needled fibers 6.
- the surface of the floor covering 1 remains free of it after the binder 4 is poured on, i.e. individual fibers or fiber ends protrude from the binder 4, as shown in FIG. 1.
- binder 4 is first poured onto the floor 2 and the web-shaped layer 5 is placed in this binder 4, whereupon the binder 4 penetrates into the web-shaped layer 5 from below.
- the sheet-like layer 5 can, however, also first be deposited on the floor 2, whereupon this layer 5 is impregnated with the binder 4. Depending on the amount of binder 4 poured on, a binder-free surface of the floor covering (FIG. 1) or a floor covering 1 in which all fibers 3, 6 and 7 are enclosed by the binder 4 is obtained (FIG. 2).
- the density of the needled fibers 6 and also of the nonwovens is, however, far greater than can be shown here.
- Such a floor covering 1 can be easily and economically attached to trusses 4 on a floor 2, the floor covering 1 being additionally solidified.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verfestigung eines textilen Bodenbelages und gleichzeitigen Befestigung desselben auf einem Untergrund und einen nach diesem Verfahren hergestellten Bodenbelag.The invention relates to a method for solidifying a textile floor covering and simultaneous fastening of the same on a substrate and a floor covering produced by this method.
Textile Bodenbeläge, insbesondere genadelte oder getuftete Bodenbeläge haben nach dem Nadeln oder Tuften noch nicht die für die spätere Benutzung ausreichende Festigkeit, da die einzelnen Fasern noch relativ leicht aus dem Bodenbelag herausgezogen werden können. Solche Bodenbeläge werden deshalb in der Phase der Herstellung in der Fabrik zumindest auf ihrer Rückseite bzw. von ihrer Rückseite her mit einem Binder getränkt bzw. von der Rückseite her mit Latex geflatscht, so daß die Fasern des Bodenbelages in diesem fest gebunden sind und der Bodenbelag eine große Pillingfestigkeit aufweist.Textile floor coverings, in particular needled or tufted floor coverings, do not yet have sufficient strength after needling or tufting, since the individual fibers can still be pulled out of the floor covering relatively easily. Such floor coverings are therefore impregnated with a binder at least on their back or from their back in the phase of manufacture in the factory or flattened with latex from the back, so that the fibers of the floor covering are firmly bound therein and the floor covering has a high pilling resistance.
Weiterhin bekannt sind Nadelvlies-Bodenbeläge die durch Vernadeln eines Nadelvlieses erhalten werden.Needle fleece floor coverings which are obtained by needling a needle fleece are also known.
Aus der nicht vorveröffentlichten DE-A-4214869 ist ein weiterer Bodenbelag bekannt, bei dem eine Lage von Stoffstücken zu einem Bodenbelag vernadelt ist.A further floor covering is known from the unpublished DE-A-4214869, in which a layer of pieces of fabric is needled to form a floor covering.
Lediglich vernadelte oder getuftete und nicht weiter verfestigte Bodenbeläge nutzen sich bei Gebrauch sehr schnell ab, da die einzelnen Fasern durch auf die Oberfläche des Bodenbelages ausgeübte Reibungskräfte herausziehbar sind.Only needled or tufted and not further consolidated floor coverings wear out very quickly when used, since the individual fibers can be pulled out by frictional forces exerted on the surface of the floor covering.
Eine fertig hergestellte Teppichbahn kann als Bodenbelag auf einem zu bedeckenden Boden mittels eines weiteren Binders, wie Kleber od.dgl., angeklebt werden. Beim normalen Ankleben eines bekannten gattungsgemäßen Bodenbelages nimmt man so wenig Kleber als möglich, der nur den in sich fest verbundenen Bodenbelag auf dem zu bedeckenden Boden festhält, aber keine weitere Bindung der im Bodenbelag befindlichen Fasern bewirkt. Dies ist auch meist nicht möglich, da die Rückseite des Bodenbelages in der Regel durch den Binder geschlossen ist und nichts mehr eindringen kann.A finished carpet web can be glued as a floor covering on a floor to be covered by means of another binder, such as glue or the like. During normal gluing of a known generic floor covering, one takes as little glue as possible, which only holds the firmly connected floor covering on the floor to be covered, but no more Binding of the fibers in the floor covering causes. This is also usually not possible because the back of the floor covering is usually closed by the binder and nothing can penetrate it.
Ein solcher Bodenbelag kann auch lose verlegt werden. Damit ein solcher Bodenbelag eine ausreichende, vom Kunden gewünschte Qualität aufweist, muß er zum einen sehr stabil sein. Auch sollte er mechanisch dämpfend wirken. Ein solcher Bodenbelag weist deshalb eine bestimmte Mindestdicke auf, was sich auf die Materialkosten auswirkt.Such a floor covering can also be laid loosely. In order for such a floor covering to have a sufficient quality desired by the customer, it must firstly be very stable. It should also have a mechanical damping effect. Such a floor covering therefore has a certain minimum thickness, which affects the material costs.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Verfestigung eines textilen Bodenbelages und Befestigung desselben auf einem Untergrund zu schaffen, durch das die beiden bisher an verschiedenen Orten und insbesondere zu verschiedenen Zeiten erfolgten Verfahrensschritte gleichzeitig erfolgen.The invention has for its object to provide a method for solidifying a textile floor covering and fastening it to a substrate, by means of which the two process steps previously carried out at different locations and in particular at different times take place simultaneously.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Anspruch 1 beschriebene Erfindung gelöst. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Verfestigung eines textilen Bodenbelages und Befestigung desselben auf einem Untergrund, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine durch mechanische Bindung zusammengehaltene textile Bahn auf einen zu bedeckenden Boden gelegt wird und mindestens der dem Boden benachbarte Bereich der textilen Bahn durch einen Binder verfestigt und gleichzeitig die textile Bahn durch diesen Binder an dem Boden befestigt wird.This object is achieved by the invention described in claim 1. The method according to the invention for consolidating a textile floor covering and fastening it to a substrate is characterized in that a textile web held together by mechanical bonding is placed on a floor to be covered and at least the area of the textile web adjacent to the ground is consolidated by a binder and simultaneously the textile web is fastened to the floor by this binder.
Während bisher bei textilen Bodenbelägen diese vor dem Verlegen und Ankleben an einen zu belegenden Boden vollständig in der Fabrik hergestellt wurden und dazu insbesondere beim Herstellungsprozeß in der Fabrik mindestens die Rückseite der textilen Bodenbeläge mit einem Binder beaufschlagt wurden, wird nun vorgeschlagen, den textilen Bodenbelag erst am Ort der Verlegung mit einem Binder zu verfestigen und mit diesem Binder gleichzeitig zum Verfestigen das Befestigen durchzuführen.Whereas previously textile floor coverings were completely manufactured in the factory before being laid and glued to a floor to be covered and, in particular during the manufacturing process in the factory, at least the back of the textile floor coverings were treated with a binder, the textile floor covering is now proposed to be solidified at the place of installation with a binder and at the same time to carry out fastening with this binder for solidification.
Die textile Bahn kann vernadelt sein, wobei sie insbesondere mit einer Trägerschicht vernadelt ist. Die textile Bahn kann aber auch mit einer Trägerschicht getuftet sein.The textile web can be needled, and in particular is needled with a carrier layer. However, the textile web can also be tufted with a backing layer.
Um bestimmte optische Effekte zu erzielen, sind die Fasern der textilen Bahn eingefärbt und es werden insbesondere verschiedenfarbige Fasern verwendet. Dann empfiehlt es sich, daß als Binder ein durchsichtiges Kunstharz, insbesondere ein Epoxy- oder Acrylharz verwendet wird. Der Binder kann auch vor dem Aufbringen auf den Boden bzw. auf die textile Bahn eingefärbt werden.In order to achieve certain optical effects, the fibers of the textile web are dyed and differently colored fibers are used in particular. It is then recommended that a transparent synthetic resin, in particular an epoxy or acrylic resin, be used as the binder. The binder can also be dyed before being applied to the floor or to the textile web.
Gemäß einer speziellen ersten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird der Binder auf dem zu bedeckenden Boden verteilt und die textile Bahn wird auf dem Binder ausgelegt. Dabei wird mehr Binder auf dem Boden verteilt, als bei dem herkömmlichen Befestigen von vorher verfestigten Bodenbelägen, allerdings wird der Binder in der Fabrik vollständig eingespart.According to a special first embodiment of the method, the binder is distributed on the floor to be covered and the textile web is laid out on the binder. In this way, more binder is distributed on the floor than with the conventional fastening of previously consolidated floor coverings, but the binder is completely saved in the factory.
Vorzugsweise wird dazu ein zähflüssiger Binder verwendet wird.A viscous binder is preferably used for this.
Gemäß einer speziellen zweiten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird die textile Bahn auf dem zu bedeckenden Boden ausgelegt und die textile Bahn wird von oben mit dem Binder getränkt, insbesondere wird der Binder gleichmäßig über die gelegte Bahn verteilt, wobei er in diese eindringt und diese durchdringt. Hierbei empfiehlt es sich, daß ein weniger zähflüssiger Binder verwendet wird.According to a special second embodiment of the method, the textile web is laid on the floor to be covered and the textile web is impregnated with the binder from above, in particular the binder is evenly distributed over the laid web, penetrating into and penetrating it. It is recommended that a less viscous binder is used.
Insbesondere, wenn der Binder die textile Bahn vollständig bedeckt, wird die noch nicht abgebundene Binder-Masse nach dem Aufgießen auf die textile Bahn geglättet, so daß ein glatter Bodenbelag erhalten wird.In particular, if the binder completely covers the textile web, the binder composition which has not yet set is smoothed after pouring onto the textile web, so that a smooth floor covering is obtained.
Zweckmäßigerweise wird die noch nicht abgebundene Binder-Masse nach dem Aufgießen auf die textile Bahn durch Rakeln gleichmäßig verteilt.The binder composition which has not yet set is expediently distributed evenly by doctoring after pouring onto the textile web.
Weiterhin kann die noch nicht abgebundene Binder-Masse nach dem Aufgießen auf die textile Bahn durch Walzen gleichmäßig verteilt werden, wobei insbesondere die Binder-Masse durch die textile Bahn hindurch gedrückt wird.Furthermore, the binder composition which has not yet set can be distributed evenly by rolling after being poured onto the textile web, the binder composition in particular being pressed through the textile web.
Es kann aber auch die noch nicht abgebundene Binder-Masse nach dem Aufgießen auf die textile Bahn durch Walzen geprägt und insbesondere ungleichmäßig verteilt werden, wobei insbesondere die Binder-Masse durch die Faseraggregate hindurch gedrückt wird.However, the binder composition which has not yet set after being poured onto the textile web can also be embossed by rolling and in particular distributed unevenly, in particular the binder composition being pressed through the fiber aggregates becomes.
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird die Binder-Masse vor dem Vermischen mit den Faseraggregaten bzw. vor dem Aufbringen auf die Schicht eingefärbt.According to a further embodiment, the binder composition is colored before it is mixed with the fiber aggregates or before it is applied to the layer.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird nur soviel Binder verwendet, daß die Oberseite der textilen Bahn über die Masse des Binders hinausragt.According to one embodiment of the method, only so much binder is used that the upper side of the textile web projects beyond the mass of the binder.
Darüber hinaus ist es auch möglich, unter den zu befestigenden Bodenbelag eine diesen bindende und gleichzeitig isolierende Binder-Schicht vorzusehen, an der der Bodenbelag und zumindest dessen nach unten ragende Fasern befestigt werden.In addition, it is also possible to provide a binder layer which binds and at the same time isolates the floor covering to be fastened, to which the floor covering and at least its downwardly projecting fibers are fastened.
Weiterhin soll noch ein nach dem vorbeschriebenen Verfahren hergestellter Bodenbelag geschützt werden, bei dem die textile Bahn durch einen und denselben Binder in sich verfestigt und am Boden befestigt ist.Furthermore, a floor covering manufactured according to the above-described method is to be protected, in which the textile web is solidified in itself by one and the same binder and fastened to the floor.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung erläutert.An embodiment of the invention is explained with reference to the drawing.
Es zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- eine auf einem Boden abgelegte bahnförmige Schicht aus einem vernadelten Nadelvlies, die mit einem Binder am Boden befestigt und in sich verfestigt ist, und
- Fig. 2
- eine auf einem Boden abgelegte bahnförmige Schicht aus einem vernadelten Vlies aus Faseraggregaten, die mit einem Binder am Boden befestigt und in sich verfestigt ist.
- Fig. 1
- a web-shaped layer of a needled nonwoven fabric deposited on a floor, which is fastened to the floor with a binder and solidified in itself, and
- Fig. 2
- a web-like layer deposited on a floor made of a needled fleece made of fiber aggregates, which is fastened to the floor with a binder and solidified in itself.
Ein textiler Bodenbelag 1 besteht aus einer bahnförmigen Schicht 5 aus textilen Fasern, die miteinander durch Vernadeln oder Tuften verbunden sind, wobei die Schicht mittels eines Binders 4 nicht nur am Boden 2 befestigt ist, sondern durch diesen Binder 4 auch die bahnförmige Schicht 5 in sich verfestigt ist.A textile floor covering 1 consists of a web-
Fig. 1 zeigt einen Nadelvlies-Bodenbelag 1, bei dem ein Vlies aus Einzelfasern 7 durch vernadelte Fasern 6 zusammengehalten wird.1 shows a needle-punched non-woven floor covering 1 in which a non-woven made of
Fig. 2 zeigt einen genadelten Bodenbelag 1, bei dem ein Vlies aus aus sphärisch verwickelten, textilen Fasern bestehenden kugelförmigen Faseraggregaten 3 durch vernadelte Fasern 6 zusammengehalten wird.Fig. 2 shows a needled flooring 1, in which a Fleece made of spherically entangled textile fibers consisting of
Je nach Menge des verwendeten Binders 4 und seiner Konsistenz bleibt die Oberfläche des Bodenbelages 1 nach dem Aufgießen des Binders 4 frei von diesem, d.h., es stehen einzelne Fasern bzw. Faserenden aus dem Binder 4 hervor, wie dies in Fig. 1 dargestellt ist.Depending on the amount of
Dies kann auch dadurch erreicht werden, daß der Binder 4 zuerst auf den Boden 2 gegossen wird und in diesen Binder 4 die bahnförmige Schicht 5 gelegt wird, woraufhin der Binder 4 von unten her in die bahnförmige Schicht 5 eindringt.This can also be achieved in that the
Die bahnförmige Schicht 5 kann aber auch zuerst auf dem Boden 2 abgelegt werden, woraufhin diese Schicht 5 mit dem Binder 4 getränkt wird. Je nach Menge des dabei aufgegossenen Binders 4 erhält man eine binderfreie Oberfläche des Bodenbelages (Fig. 1) oder einen Bodenbelag 1, bei dem alle Fasern 3, 6 und 7 von dem Binder 4 eingeschlossen sind (Fig. 2).The sheet-
Die Dichte der vernadelten Fasern 6 und auch der Faservliese ist allerdings weitaus größer, als hier dargestellt werden kann.The density of the needled
Ein solcher Bodenbelag 1 läßt sich einfach und sparsam an Binder 4 auf einem Boden 2 befestigen, wobei der Bodenbelag 1 zusätzlich verfestigt wird.Such a floor covering 1 can be easily and economically attached to
- 11
- BodenbelagFlooring
- 22nd
- Bodenground
- 33rd
- kugelförmige Faseraggregatespherical fiber aggregates
- 44th
- Binderbinder
- 55
- bahnförmige Schichtweb-shaped layer
- 66
- vernadelte Fasernneedled fibers
- 77
- Einzelfasern im VliesIndividual fibers in the fleece
Claims (18)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4244251A DE4244251C2 (en) | 1992-12-27 | 1992-12-27 | Process for consolidating a textile floor covering and simultaneously fastening it to a substrate |
DE4244251 | 1992-12-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0608560A1 true EP0608560A1 (en) | 1994-08-03 |
EP0608560B1 EP0608560B1 (en) | 1998-07-08 |
Family
ID=6476655
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93120904A Expired - Lifetime EP0608560B1 (en) | 1992-12-27 | 1993-12-25 | Method for strengthening a textile floor covering and for fixing it simultaneously on an underlying surface |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0608560B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE168156T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4244251C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006001093A1 (en) * | 2006-01-09 | 2007-07-12 | TESCH, Günter | Textile floor and wall covering with a visible layer containing spherical fiber aggregates |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2251664A1 (en) * | 1973-11-19 | 1975-06-13 | Bouhana Ste Nle Charles | Artificial sports ground surface of reinforced thermoplastic - comprising pricked non-woven fibrous matting impregnated with waterproof thermoplastic |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE6914975U (en) * | 1969-04-15 | 1970-01-15 | Voigt Soehne Fa C | PLASTIC COVERING FOR SPORTS AREAS, PLAYGROUNDS AND THE LIKE |
DE2966997D1 (en) * | 1979-01-09 | 1984-06-20 | Breveteam Sa | Spherical fibrous aggregate |
CH673921B5 (en) * | 1985-01-29 | 1990-10-31 | Ebnoether Ag | |
DE4214869C2 (en) * | 1992-05-05 | 1997-03-20 | Tesch G H | Textile fabrics |
-
1992
- 1992-12-27 DE DE4244251A patent/DE4244251C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-12-25 DE DE59308744T patent/DE59308744D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-25 EP EP93120904A patent/EP0608560B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-25 AT AT93120904T patent/ATE168156T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2251664A1 (en) * | 1973-11-19 | 1975-06-13 | Bouhana Ste Nle Charles | Artificial sports ground surface of reinforced thermoplastic - comprising pricked non-woven fibrous matting impregnated with waterproof thermoplastic |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4244251A1 (en) | 1994-06-30 |
DE4244251C2 (en) | 1998-07-23 |
DE59308744D1 (en) | 1998-08-13 |
EP0608560B1 (en) | 1998-07-08 |
ATE168156T1 (en) | 1998-07-15 |
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