Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
  • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
  • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
  • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
  • F16C33/201—Composition of the plastic
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C53/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
  • B29C53/82—Cores or mandrels
  • B29C53/821—Mandrels especially adapted for winding and joining
  • B29C53/824—Mandrels especially adapted for winding and joining collapsible, e.g. elastic or inflatable; with removable parts, e.g. for regular shaped, straight tubular articles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C69/00—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore
  • B29C69/001—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore a shaping technique combined with cutting, e.g. in parts or slices combined with rearranging and joining the cut parts
  • B29C69/002—Winding
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C23/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for aligning or positioning
  • F16C23/02—Sliding-contact bearings
  • F16C23/04—Sliding-contact bearings self-adjusting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
  • B29L2031/04—Bearings
  • B29L2031/045—Bushes therefor
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2220/00—Shaping
  • F16C2220/28—Shaping by winding impregnated fibres

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing fiber-reinforced synthetic resin molded bodies, in which synthetic resin-impregnated fibers are wound onto a winding mandrel and the winding body thus produced is cured by heating and then processed.
• One way to reduce the manufacturing idle times is to have several similar elements from a semi-finished product, such as a fiber-reinforced synthetic resin blank produced in the winding process.
• a profile grinding machine is known which grinds several round or oval parts from the outside in one working or grinding process by means of a profile grinding roller and a feed roller from a c cylindrical blank.
• This known profile grinding roller has several identical profile grinding sections lying next to one another, the radial outer contour of which corresponds in each case complementarily to the radial outer contour of the part to be produced. The radial distance between the high and the
• I Q low point of a Profilschlei section corresponds at least to the radius of the cylindrical blank, so that with the completion of the shaping of the parts to be manufactured they are also separated from each other at the same time.
• this known profile grinding machine there must be a separate profile grinding roller for each type of molded part to be produced.
• composition of the synthetic resin moldings to be produced e.g. the
• the winding bodies produced in this way are given the final radial and axial outer contour in separate work steps, since these processing tools for each composite material bearing have to be controlled via measuring devices in order to maintain the desired dimensions of the composite material bearing. Since this processing step has to be carried out individually for each composite OK material store, considerable set-up and processing times are incurred.
• the invention is intended to remedy this situation and to improve a method of the type mentioned at the outset such that a simpler yet faster manufacture of such shaped bodies can be carried out, and conversion to molded bodies of a different shape is possible without great effort and is required for the shaped bodies produced Post-processing requires only a small amount of equipment and is also greatly reduced.
• this is achieved in a method of the type mentioned at the outset in that one shaped sleeve or a plurality of shaped sleeves, each separated from one another by a cutting disk, and as an axial closure on both sides
• Support elements are mounted on a rotary shaft and braced axially in a rotationally fixed manner to form a winding mandrel, then the synthetic resin-impregnated fibers up to a radial thickness of the winding body that is greater than the radial extension of the support elements or the separating disks, at least between the Support elements are wound onto the winding mandrel, then the hardened winding body between the support elements is worked down to the radial extent of the cutting discs or the supporting elements, if there is no cutting disc, and then the bracing is released, after which the individual or each other separate molded body is withdrawn from the rotary shaft.
• the method according to the invention allows one or more fiber-reinforced synthetic resin molded articles to be produced simultaneously in a few simple operations.
• the radial outer contour of which already defines the radial inner contour of the molded body can be separated from one another by cutting disks and thus even shaped bodies of different shapes can be wound in one operation. Furthermore, it is not necessary to control the winding process in such a way that only fibers are wound onto each of the shaped sleeves, rather the cutting disks and support elements can be easily wrapped, so that an externally uniform-looking winding body is present after the winding process has ended. After the synthetic resin has hardened, the winding body can be mechanically processed, for example ground.
• the radial processing of the winding body achieves two things, at least between the supporting elements except for the expansion of the cutting discs or the supporting elements, if there is no cutting disc: firstly the shaped bodies obtain their finished outer shape without any further mechanical reworking being necessary, and on the other hand they are separated from one another at the same time, since through the processing of the winding body except for the outer radius of the cutting disks, each connection of the shaped bodies to one another the thrust washers are removed so that they can then only be separated from one another by the cutting disks and can be separated immediately by releasing the tension of the winding mandrel (and the resulting separation of cutting disks, shaped sleeves and support elements).
• the radial extent of the support elements and the cutting disks is the same. In the final mechanical radial processing of the winding body, it is not necessary to make certain starting points in this way when attaching the processing means. Mechanical processing can begin at any point on the peripheral surface of the bobbin over the support members at one end and end anywhere on the peripheral surface of the support members at the other end.
• a first layer of synthetic resin-impregnated PTFE and / or high-strength fibers is wound as a bearing sliding layer for the production of bearing shells.
• the resin impregnation of the fibers to be wound up is carried out in a simple operation in that the fibers are run through a synthetic resin bath enriched with solid lubricants before being wound onto the winding mandrel.
• a further layer of synthetic resin-impregnated glass fibers is wound as a base layer on such a first layer in the form of a sliding layer.
• Areas of application can also be used advantageously other reinforcing fibers, such as carbon or boron fibers.
• Reinforced, stretched PTFE fibers are preferably used to form the bearing sliding layer, as a result of which the wear resistance of this layer can be increased.
• the shaped sleeves have a spherical outer surface and, again advantageously, remain in each case as a structural element in the shaped body when it is pulled off the winding roll.
• the radial outer surfaces of the molded sleeves, onto which the fibers impregnated with synthetic resin are wound are preferably designed as sliding surfaces.
• a separate production of the sliding layer and its subsequent introduction into the spherical inner diameter of the outer ring is also eliminated.
• the production of a split outer ring or the blasting of the outer ring and the subsequent insertion of the inner ring is avoided, which greatly simplifies and shortens the production of, for example, a radial spherical plain bearing.
• a sliding film or a suitable sliding fabric for example PTFE fiber fabric, is applied to the sliding surface of the molded sleeves, whereupon the resin-impregnated fibers are then wound up.
• the base layer made of fibers impregnated with synthetic resin is immediately wound onto the slide film, the slide film remaining in the finished molded body.
• the axial outer surfaces of the cutting disks or that of the support elements or their heads define the finished axial end surfaces of the shaped bodies.
• Moldings which e.g. can also have undercuts. It is no longer necessary to process these surfaces in a further operation.
• the radial inner surface of which is provided by the radial outer surfaces of the shaped sleeves, the axial end faces of which are by the corresponding side surfaces of the cutting disks or the support elements, and the radial outer circumference of which is the radial extent of the opening disks or the support elements are defined.
• FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a basic illustration of support elements, cutting disks and shaped sleeves which are being pulled onto a rotary shaft just to form a winding mandrel for carrying out a method according to the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a winding mandrel wound with fibers, the winding body being shown above the longitudinal axis of the rotary shaft during the radial processing and below the longitudinal axis in its radially processed state, and Fig. 3 in cross-section finished, wound molded body, which are separated from each other and from the cutting discs or the support elements after the radial processing of the winding body and are withdrawn from the rotary shaft.
• shaped sleeves 2 and cutting disks 3 are alternately mounted on a rotary shaft 1 (FIG. 1), the sequence beginning and ending with a support element 3 1 .
• the support elements 3 ' can be sleeve-shaped in order to bridge the distance to the elements of the tensioning device 4 (FIG. 2) attached to the ends of the rotary shaft 1. With this clamping device 4, the support elements 3 1 , form sleeves 2 and
• Cutting disks 3 are axially fixed against each other so that a mandrel 5 is formed, the radial outer surface 6, on which the fibers are to be wound, is not smooth, but profiled.
• the shape of this profiling is determined by the shape of the shaped sleeves 2, cutting disks 3 and support elements 3 1 and can thus be adapted to the particular requirements in a relaxed manner.
• the radial outer surfaces 7 of the shaped sleeves 2 are spherically shaped and provided with flat end surfaces 8 in the axial direction.
• the cutting discs 3 comprise a rectangular web arranged radially on the inside
• the axial extension of the cutting discs 3 is configured such that it gives the shaped body the desired axial contour with undercuts. Clamping or sealing elements corresponding to the standard can later be introduced into these undercuts.
• the radial outer surface 15 of the cutting disc 3 is flat in the example shown and parallel to the longitudinal axis 14 of the rotary shaft
• the axial outer surfaces 13 of the heads 10 of the cutting disc 3 correspond complementarily to the desired shape of the axial end surfaces 16 of the shaped bodies 17. With their heads 10, the cutting discs 3 engage somewhat over the molded sleeves 2, the axially outer and radially inner edges 18 of the head 10 rest on the spherical outer surfaces 7 of the shaped sleeve 2. In the area of the shaped sleeves 2, the design of the outer surfaces (9 ', 10', IT, 12 ') of the support elements 3' corresponds to that of the cutting discs 3.
• the outer diameters of the cutting disks 3 and the support elements 3 ' are identical to one another and larger than the diameter at the apex 19 of the shaped sleeves 2, which are likewise identical to one another.
• the shaped sleeves 2 shown correspond to the conventional inner rings used for the manufacture of radial spherical plain bearings have usually been used so far. They should remain in the molded body 17 to be produced as a structural element, in other words as an inner ring.
• the shaped sleeves 2 can also be made entirely solid or as a hollow body.
• a first layer 20 of, for example, resin-impregnated, reinforced, stretched PTFE and high-strength fibers is wound in a first winding pass, which are soaked before winding in an epoxy resin bath, which is enriched with solid lubricants in the form of graphite powder .
• this first layer 20 forms a bearing sliding layer with good sliding properties.
• the fibers of this first layer 20 are usually wound cross-wise (at approximately 60 ° to the longitudinal axis of the winding mandrel) and under controlled prestressing directly on or around the spherical sliding surface of the shaped sleeves 2.
• this sliding layer could also be applied in the form of a suitably prepared, suitable sliding film or sliding fabric.
• a second layer 21 of glass fibers soaked in epoxy resin is then wound onto this first fiber layer 20 and form a base layer in the hardened state.
• the glass fibers are wound under controlled pretension in a cross connection (at approx. 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the mandrel) until a predetermined outer diameter is reached, which is greater than the radial expansion of the cutting discs 3 and support elements 3 '.
• the winding process is ended and the resulting winding body 22 is cured by heating. It is then radially ground down to the outer circumference of the support elements 3 1 and cutting disks 3 over the entire length of the winding body 22 with a grinding wheel 24 (FIG. 2), as a result of which the shaped bodies 17 receive their desired radial dimension and at the same time are mutually separated .
• the first winding layer 20 which is designed as a sliding layer, compared to the each facing sleeve 2 is rotatable.
• the radial spherical plain bearings produced in this way have the advantage that they are almost completely maintenance-free and have the best corrosion resistance, as well as a favorable weight and favorable sliding properties (low friction) between the inner ring and outer ring, furthermore great resistance to dirt as well as high impact and impact resistance and generally a very high level good resilience ⁇ ut
• 32 shaped sleeves in the form of ball bushings with a ball radius of 40.7 mm in connection with spacer rings are placed on a winding mandrel with a diameter of 30 mm and clamped axially against each other by means of a clamping nut.
• the mandrel, ball bushings and spacer rings had been carefully cleaned beforehand.
• the surfaces of the ball bushings and the spacer rings are then covered with a suitable release agent. treated.
• the outer diameter (47 mm) of the spacer rings corresponds to the desired outer diameter of the ones to be manufactured, which are seated on the ball bushings
• Shaped bodies in the form of spherical rings are formed by spherical rings.
• the width of the ball rings and thus the bearing width (18 mm) is determined by flat radial surfaces on the side of the spacer rings.
• the sliding layer consists of PTFE composite threads, namely of PTFE fibers that are twisted with polyamide fibers (such as DACRON from Dupont) and have a final texturing of 660 den.
• PTFE composite threads are coated with an epoxy resin based on toluene (SINOTHERM 4301 from the company
• the base layer is then wound up. For this, glass fiber threads become one
• the hardened composite pipe is ground down to a finished ball bushing dimension (47 mm) on a grinding mandrel. After loosening the clamping nut, the individual spherical bearings and spacer rings can then be removed from the grinding arbor.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
• Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
• Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=6461509

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (12)

Families Citing this family (7)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 1992
  • 1992-06-22 DE DE19924220327 patent/DE4220327C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1993
  • 1993-06-14 ZA ZA934198A patent/ZA934198B/xx unknown
  • 1993-06-17 CZ CZ94376A patent/CZ37694A3/cs unknown
  • 1993-06-17 JP JP6502014A patent/JPH06510250A/ja active Pending
  • 1993-06-17 AU AU44190/93A patent/AU4419093A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1993-06-17 BR BR9305570A patent/BR9305570A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1993-06-17 WO PCT/EP1993/001546 patent/WO1994000290A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1993-06-17 PL PL30240293A patent/PL302402A1/xx unknown
  • 1993-06-17 HU HU9400488A patent/HU212230B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1993-06-17 EP EP93914668A patent/EP0603364A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1993-06-17 CA CA 2114801 patent/CA2114801A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 1994
  • 1994-02-10 FI FI940622A patent/FI940622A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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