EP0603192B1 - Procede et dispositif pour la fabrication de bandes de non-tisses a partir de fibres en desordre - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour la fabrication de bandes de non-tisses a partir de fibres en desordre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0603192B1
EP0603192B1 EP92914100A EP92914100A EP0603192B1 EP 0603192 B1 EP0603192 B1 EP 0603192B1 EP 92914100 A EP92914100 A EP 92914100A EP 92914100 A EP92914100 A EP 92914100A EP 0603192 B1 EP0603192 B1 EP 0603192B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
needle
opening roller
roller
transport system
feed rollers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92914100A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0603192A1 (fr
Inventor
René Gloor
Alfred Beeler
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Zellweger Luwa AG
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Zellweger Luwa AG
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Publication of EP0603192A1 publication Critical patent/EP0603192A1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/736—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged characterised by the apparatus for arranging fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/74—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing uniform nonwoven tapes and an apparatus for performing the method.
  • the disordered fiber material e.g. Cotton in flake form
  • nonwoven tapes with a parallel fiber layer. These tapes are then used as a sample for obtaining quality measurements on the fiber material and, in the form of continuous non-woven tapes, as a preliminary stage in the production of threads or yarns from the fiber material.
  • Known devices for dissolving fiber flakes usually consist of a pair of feed rollers and a pulping drum. A subsequent drum takes over the dissolved material, stores it or transports it further.
  • the A pair of feed rollers ensures the controlled material handling, which is essential in view of the high degree of opening required for the fiber flakes.
  • pulping devices for fiber flakes there is a need to produce the desired sliver as far as possible without damaging the fiber.
  • Devices of this type according to the prior art for example cards, have a high throughput, but the fibers are damaged to a considerable extent.
  • the pair of feed rollers When disordered fiber material is fed by means of a pair of feed rollers to an opening roller provided with a "card clothing”, the opening roller is released and a uniform nonwoven fabric is obtained therefrom.
  • the pair of feed rollers preferably moves at a lower peripheral speed than the opening roller.
  • At least one feed roller can also be provided with a "card clothing", the elements of this "clothing” running counter to the direction of rotation of the food roller.
  • the pair of feed rollers selectively hold the still disordered fiber material in line, while the "Card clothing” of the opening roller continuously grips and dissolves part of the fibers. A fiber fleece is then made on the subsequent doubling roller.
  • the "card clothing” of a roller is understood to mean the application of a series of narrow strips on the lateral surface of the roller, which are usually covered with teeth or hooks, either in the direction of rotation or inclined against them.
  • a corresponding design of the outer surface of the roller itself which can be created, for example, by engraving or rolling and with which teeth or hooks are attached to the outer surface of the roller, can be referred to as a clothing.
  • teeth and ticks are summarized below under the term "tick”.
  • the individual fibers of the disordered fiber material are only retained on one line. If the opening roller pulls on a longer fiber, the remaining fibers behind the retention line are drawn towards the feed rollers. As a result, there is always an excess of fiber material between the feed rollers, whereby the selective effect of the clothing on one of the two feed rollers is reduced more and more. Finally, the fiber material is clamped again. If a fiber is now caught by the release roller, the retention force is so great that the fiber is torn off.
  • the resulting nonwoven web therefore no longer has the quality characteristics of the disordered fiber material and can therefore no longer be regarded as a fully representative sample.
  • the torn pieces of the long fibers also reduce the quality of the yarn if the nonwoven web is used as a preliminary stage for yarn production.
  • a device for end-arranging fibers for a fiber length measurement in which a nonwoven fabric is inserted into a needle transport device consisting of a plurality of needle combs and is cyclically transported by this to a pliers device with which the nonwoven fabric is used a sample can be taken.
  • the needle transport device in this known device consists of a "needle bed". This term is to be understood as a series of parallel combs with needles that can be moved transversely to the comb direction. During the resting cycle of the nonwoven, the foremost comb of the needle bed in the direction of transport is moved into the last position of a lower row of combs with the transport direction reversed.
  • the comb of this lower row of combs which is in the foremost position, is simultaneously retracted into the needle bed as the rearmost comb.
  • the needle bed has no significant influence on the alignment of the fibers in the nonwoven.
  • the needle bed is only used to hold the fleece in place during the extraction of a partial sample to determine the fiber length distribution.
  • NPC needle transport systems from N.Schlumberger & Cie. That are already on the market.
  • NPC known, e.g. under the designation "Intersecting range GN 6" (company brochure Intersecting range GN6, pages 8/9, and company brochure GN6, page 5) or "Chain range GC13" (company brochure page 5), in which instead of a pair of pliers (as with EP-B1 0 247 420) a pair of rollers is mounted and with which slivers or nonwovens can be combed, de-felted and doubled.
  • these known needle transport systems or needle drawing systems are not suitable for dissolving disordered fiber material.
  • a method for producing a nonwoven in which a nonwoven with disordered or ordered fibers in a certain other way can be produced from a fiber composite with aligned fibers.
  • the process requires several rollers that are filled with needles.
  • the desired disorder or reordering of the fibers is done here by multiple transfer of the fibers from one roller to the other.
  • the fleece is removed from the needle tips of the last roller by a comb.
  • the needles are each fed and removed by a swiveling movement to the nonwoven fiber band, the piercing movement of the needle tips carried out being combined with a translational movement. With such a plunge movement, it is very likely that fibers will be injured.
  • this process is based on dissolved and ordered fibers, not on disordered fibers.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method with which a uniform nonwoven web can be produced from disordered and undissolved fiber material better than with the known methods with the greatest possible protection of the fiber quality, in particular the fiber length distribution.
  • the invention achieves the stated object with a method which has the features of claim 1 and a device which has the features of claim 13.
  • the device 1 shown in Fig. 1 consists of an open storage container 2, in which unordered fiber material 3 is located, a pair of feed rollers 4, 5 with a first feed roller 4 and a second feed roller 5, a needle bed 6 with an upper row 11 of combs and a lower row of combs 12, which consists of individual combs 7, i with needles, which engage in a non-resolved nonwoven web 10 to be produced by the device and which move with a transport device, not shown, from the feed roller pair 4, 5 towards the opening roller 8 .
  • Further details of the needle bed 6, in particular about their transport device, are described in EP-B1 0 247 420 and, moreover, from the above-mentioned devices on the market, for example from the company N. Schlumberger & Cie. known.
  • the opening roller 8 is followed by a drum 9, preferably in the form of a doubling roller, on which the dissolved fibers are doubled, which ultimately results in the dissolved nonwoven web 10.
  • the peripheral speed of the opening roller 8 is much greater than the transport speed of the needle bed 6, the fibers captured by the opening roller 8 are immediately pulled out of the nonwoven fabric and transported as a single fiber onto the spool 9, from which a uniform, dissolved nonwoven web 10 is produced. Through this pull-out process, the tufts of different densities are dissolved.
  • the disordered and undissolved fiber material 3 lying in the storage container 2 is continuously detected and discharged by the feed roller pair 4, 5 in small quantities against this supply.
  • the nonwoven web 10 is pre-formed between the feed rollers 4, 5 runs with the combs 7, i of the needle bed 6 to the opening roller 8 and further to the drum 9 (preferably in the form of a doubling roller), with the transition of the disordered fiber material with each transition 3 is perfected into a nonwoven web 10 made of dissolved fibers.
  • the needle bed 6 runs slightly faster than the peripheral speed of the feed rollers 4.5, so that no windings can occur between the feed rollers 4.5.
  • the pair of feed rollers 4, 5 carries the amounts of the fiber material 3 to be drawn off to the needle bed 6, which consists of combs 7, i which can be moved individually in the direction of the nonwoven web 10 and are filled with needles.
  • the needles of the combs 7, i take the fiber material 3 with them.
  • the fiber material 3 is converted into a nonwoven web 10.
  • “dissolution” is understood to mean the increase in the orderly state of a fiber structure, fibers which are severely entangled being pulled apart or "separated”. This dissolution takes place at the transition of the nonwoven web 10 to the opening roller 8.
  • the combs 7, i are continuously exchanged cyclically by the transport device and moved along the needle bed 6.
  • the movement of the transport device can be done continuously or intermittently.
  • the needle bed 6 must expediently be longer than the largest fiber length that occurs.
  • the needle bed 6 can also be realized in the form of a pair of needle bands 16.
  • the two needle belts 16 equipped with needles 17 each run on two pairs of drive cylinders 22.
  • the drive cylinders 22 (not shown in the drawing) can be driven by an electric motor and can be controlled together with the other elements of the device 1.
  • the two needle ribbons 16 are arranged parallel to one another in such a way that their needles 17 engage one another and can thereby take the fiber material 3 with them.
  • the respective pairs of drive cylinders 22 of the two needle belts 16 are to be moved in opposite directions, so that the adjacent parts of the two needle belts 16 move in the same direction in the direction of the opening roller 8.
  • a limiter 13 is expediently installed between the opening roller 8 and the needle transport device 6; 16, which prevents the fibers from being lifted vertically out of the needles 7; 17 by the opening roller 8, which results in a reduction retention force and deterioration in resolution.
  • a hold-down 14 is expediently attached to a lever 15 between the opening roller 8 and the drum 9 (preferably in the form of a doubling roller). In the case of multi-layer nonwoven tape application on the drum 9, this hold-down device 14 ensures that the fiber or nonwoven tape portions previously applied to it are held down before, for example, a new nonwoven tape portion is added.
  • At least one of the feed rollers 4, 5 can have knobs, that is to say wart-like elevations on their lateral surfaces, or a set with hooks opposite to their running direction in order to produce a better fiber feed.
  • the opening roller 8 is expediently equipped with a set, the hooks of which are in the running direction of the opening roller 8.
  • the drum 9, which is preferably in the form of a doubling roll, should also be equipped with a set with hooks in the running direction in order to be able to take over the dissolved fibers on the opening roller 8.
  • the peripheral speed of the spool 9 must be greater than that of the opening roller 8.
  • the changes in the fiber length distribution are minimal in the method according to the invention.
  • the fibers are dissolved according to the invention between the needle transport device 6; 16 and the opening roller 8.
  • the needle transport device 6; 16 generates the retaining force and the opening roller 8 generates the pull-out force. These two forces must be optimally coordinated; if both forces are too great, the fiber will be torn; if both forces are too small, the achievable resolution is poor.
  • the advantage of the method according to the invention is that the retention force is selective and extensive. In this context, selective means that each fiber is held back individually by a few needles, depending on its length. In the usual clamping methods according to the prior art, the fibers are clamped on a line, which leads to an excessively high retention force and thus to fiber damage. With retention on a line, the fibers behind the retention line are increasingly compressed, which leads to an increase in retention force and damage to the fibers.
  • the problem of the fiber hook is shown.
  • the take-off device consists of a pair of rollers 18, 19 which clamps the fibers in a line and pulls them out of the fiber material in this way, the fiber 20 is forcibly destroyed.
  • this problem is solved in the method according to the invention by using an opening roller 8 with sets.
  • the fiber 20 forming a check mark is only taken over by the release roller 8 when the retaining needle has been removed.
  • the pull-off forces are therefore also selective, in contrast to the clamping line in the "needle drafting system" according to the prior art (FIG. 3).
  • the fiber length distribution is thus better preserved in the method according to the invention than in the previously known methods.
  • the method according to the invention thus achieves the task of producing a uniform nonwoven web 10 from disordered fiber material 3 better than the methods which have become known, while protecting the fiber quality as much as possible, in particular the fiber length distribution.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention propose un procédé pour la fabrication de bandes de non-tissés (10) dans lequel la matière fibreuse contenue en désordre (3) dans un bac (2) en est tirée par une paire de cylindres d'alimentation sur une fonture (6). Des peignes (7, i) de la fonture (6) entraînent la matière fibreuse (3) de manière à produire une bande de non-tissés (10). La fonture (6) transfère cette bande (10) sur un cylindre ouvreur à dents (8), ce qui améliore encore la désintégration de la bande (10). Cette formation d'une bande de non-tissés ménage les fibres plus que lors des procédés connus jusqu'ici et ne modifie notamment la répartition des longueurs de fibre que d'une manière insignifiante.

Claims (23)

  1. Procédé de fabrication de bandes de non-tissés uniformes (10), caractérisé en ce que du matériau de fibres en désordre (3) est amené à partir d'une réserve à un système de transport à aiguilles (6, 16) comportant des aiguilles (21, 17) déplaçables dans la direction de la bande de non-tissé (10) à former, dans lequel les différentes fibres sont logées et retenues entre les aiguilles, en ce qu'à la fin du système de transport à aiguilles, le matériau de fibres est retiré par un rouleau séparateur (8), les aiguilles du système de transport à aiguilles, lors du retrait par le rouleau séparateur, établissent pour chaque fibre une force de retenue qui est proportionnelle à la longueur de la fibre, en ce que le rouleau séparateur extrait lors de la séparation chaque fibre individuellement et contre l'opposition de la force de retenue du système de transport à aiguilles et en ce que le matériau de fibres individualisé est transféré sous forme d'une bande de non-tissé ordonné à un tambour (9).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de fibres (3) est distribué au moyen d'une paire de rouleaux d'alimentation (4, 5).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le système de transport à aiguilles (6 ; 16) est réalisé sous forme d'une fonture (6) qui est constituée de peignes (7,i) déplaçables individuellement dans la direction de la bande de non-tissé (10) à former, pourvue d'aiguilles (21).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les peignes (7,i) se trouvant les uns derrière les autres dans la fonture (6) en direction du trajet de transport sont déplacés par un dispositif de transport.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de transport transfère respectivement le peigne (7,n/2) orienté le plus loin vers le rouleau séparateur (8) de la fonture (6) dans la position de peigne (7,n/2+1) orienté le plus loin vers le rouleau séparateur (8) d'une rangée de peignes supérieure (11) et le peigne (7,n) orienté le plus loin vers les rouleaux d'alimentation (4, 5) de la rangée de peignes supérieure (11) dans la position de peigne (7.1) orientée le plus loin vers les rouleaux d'alimentation (4, 5) de la fonture (6), par quoi est réalisé un échange cyclique continu des peignes (7,i) et un déplacement des peignes (7,i) de la fonture (6) des rouleaux d'alimentation (4, 5) vers le rouleau séparateur (8) et de ceux de la rangée de peignes supérieure (11) du rouleau séparateur (8) vers les rouleaux d'alimentation (4, 5).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que le transport a lieu d'une manière continue.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que le transport a lieu par cadence.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 3 - 7, caractérisé en ce que la bande de non-tissé (10) est retenue par un organe d'enfoncement (12) passant entre les peignes (7,i) dans la fonture (6).
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'organe d'enfoncement (12) est déplacé par le dispositif de transport.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le système de transport à aiguilles est réalisé sous forme de deux bandes à aiguilles (16) disposées parallèlement l'une à l'autre, déplaçables au moyen de cylindres d'entraînement (22), et qui sont pourvues d'aiguilles (17) qui viennent en prise le long des parties contiguës des deux bandes à aiguilles (16) et peuvent ainsi entraîner le matériau de fibres (3).
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 2 - 10, caractérisé en ce que la vitesse de pourtour des rouleaux d'alimentation (4, 5) est plus petite que la vitesse des aiguilles (21 ; 17) du système de transport à aiguilles (6 ; 16).
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 3 - 11, caractérisé en ce que la vitesse des aiguilles (21 ; 17) du système de transport à aiguilles (6 ; 16) est plus petite que la vitesse périphérique du rouleau séparateur (8).
  13. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par un système de transport à aiguilles (6 ; 16) avec des aiguilles mobiles (21 ; 17) pour le transport et la retenue d'un matériau de fibres entre les aiguilles, un rouleau séparateur (8) faisant suite à celui-ci avec une garniture de cardes pour extraire et individualiser des fibres du matériau de fibres dans le système de transport à aiguilles et par un tambour (9) pour la réception du non-tissé ordonné.
  14. Dispositif selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux rouleaux d'alimentation (4, 5).
  15. Dispositif selon la revendication 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que le système de transport à aiguilles comporte une fonture (6) avec des peignes (7,i), un organe d'enfoncement (12) et une rangée de peignes supérieure (11).
  16. Dispositif selon la revendication 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que le système de transport à aiguilles est réalisé sous forme de deux bandes à aiguilles (16) disposées parallèlement l'une à l'autre, déplaçables au moyen de cylindres d'entraînement (22), qui sont pourvues d'aiguilles (17) qui viennent en prise le long des parties contiguës des deux bandes à aiguilles (16).
  17. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 14-16, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'un des rouleaux d'alimentation (4, 5) présente une garniture avec des petits crochets opposés au sens de rotation du rouleau d'alimentation (4, 5).
  18. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 13-17, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe d'au moins un rouleau d'alimentation (4, 5) présente des noppes.
  19. Dispositif selon l'une des revendication 13-18, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe du rouleau séparateur (8) présente une garniture avec des petits crochets dans le sens de rotation du rouleau séparateur (8).
  20. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 13-19, caractérisé en ce que le tambour (9) est réalisé sous forme d'un rouleau à dosser dont l'enveloppe présente une garniture avec des petits crochets dans le sens de la marche du tambour (9).
  21. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 13-20, caractérisé en ce qu'il est disposé au rouleau à dosser (9) un organe de maintien bas (14) à un levier (15).
  22. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 13-21, caractérisé en ce que la longueur de la fonture (6) est plus longue que la longueur de fibre la plus grande rencontrée.
  23. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 13-22, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu entre le rouleau séparateur (8) et le système de transport à aiguilles (6 ; 16) un organe de délimitation (13) pour retenir les fibres à l'intérieur du système de transport à aiguilles (6 ; 16).
EP92914100A 1992-07-13 1992-07-13 Procede et dispositif pour la fabrication de bandes de non-tisses a partir de fibres en desordre Expired - Lifetime EP0603192B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CH1992/000142 WO1994001610A1 (fr) 1992-07-13 1992-07-13 Dispositif pour la fabrication de bandes de non-tisses a partir de fibres en desordre

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0603192A1 EP0603192A1 (fr) 1994-06-29
EP0603192B1 true EP0603192B1 (fr) 1997-05-14

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EP92914100A Expired - Lifetime EP0603192B1 (fr) 1992-07-13 1992-07-13 Procede et dispositif pour la fabrication de bandes de non-tisses a partir de fibres en desordre

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US (1) US5426824A (fr)
EP (1) EP0603192B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59208506D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994001610A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5657863A (en) * 1995-09-18 1997-08-19 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Welded carrier device
DE19708261B4 (de) * 1997-02-28 2010-08-12 TRüTZSCHLER GMBH & CO. KG Vorrichtung an einer Karde mit einer Speisewalze und mindestens einem Vorreißer
DE19850518A1 (de) * 1998-11-03 2000-05-04 Schlafhorst & Co W Vorrichtung zum Auflösen von Faserbändern
US6834477B2 (en) * 1999-04-16 2004-12-28 Spuhl Ag Method and system for forming strings of pocketed coil springs with traction mechanism

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1936443A (en) * 1930-10-15 1933-11-21 Abbott Machine Co Draft roll
GB450775A (en) * 1935-02-16 1936-07-24 Bernard Alfred Tayler Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of felt
FR1541681A (fr) * 1966-05-21 1968-10-11 Freudenberg Carl Fa Procédé d'étirage uniforme d'une étoffe non tissée
DE1560804A1 (fr) * 1966-05-21 1972-03-16
GB1175363A (en) * 1966-08-22 1969-12-23 Donald Walker Gilling Apparatus and Method.
GB1306345A (fr) * 1970-04-24 1973-02-07
DE3037445C2 (de) * 1980-10-03 1986-12-04 Nordischer Maschinenbau Rud. Baader GmbH + Co KG, 2400 Lübeck Nadelstabstreckwerk für Faserbänder
CH670836A5 (fr) * 1986-05-20 1989-07-14 Peyer Ag Siegfried
CH681627A5 (fr) * 1989-08-29 1993-04-30 Peyer Ag Siegfried

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DE59208506D1 (de) 1997-06-19
WO1994001610A1 (fr) 1994-01-20
US5426824A (en) 1995-06-27
EP0603192A1 (fr) 1994-06-29

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