EP0598994A1 - Method and prefabricated modules for the production of structures and buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to produce structures or buildings, unitised units prefabricated by the modular construction method being arranged one beside the other and one above the other and, if appropriate, being connected to one another horizontally by interposed, thinner false ceilings (20) serving as bridges, it is proposed to carry out, for each storey, the connection of the floor-free individual modules (10) to the thin false ceilings (20), attached laterally on their concrete ceilings (12), on site by means of a continuous layer of sealing concrete (24) and, in this arrangement, to continue the four corner supports (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d) of each individual module (10) further upwards beyond the concrete ceiling (12) of each module by a predetermined distance such that the applied layer of sealing concrete (24) at least leaves free the corner-support head plates (15) which, for their part, subsequently serve to receive foot plates (16) of the next storey modules above. <IMAGE>

Description

State of the art

The invention is based on a method for producing structures and buildings according to the preamble of claim 1 or a module suitable for carrying out the method according to the preamble of claim 5.

Methods of this type are known from DE-OS 41 15 643 with parallel utility model G 91 05 949.6 or from utility model G 91 07 904.7 with associated, not yet published German patent application P 41 21 253.3.

This last-mentioned utility model G 91 07 904.7 contains a method and a device for manufacturing of buildings and buildings, with prefabricated modules having an at least stool-like shape, i.e. usually consisting of four corner supports and a concrete ceiling connecting these corner supports to each other as a minimal form, whereby, depending on whether these are external parts or other modules, also for separating internal areas is, side wall parts are prefabricated, which then connect at least two of the corner supports.

With the additional inclusion of further thin, usually also prefabricated false ceilings, which are referred to below as filigree slabs, the modules of a floor can also be arranged at any angle and distance from one another, the intermediate areas between the modules being covered by the prefabricated concrete ceilings of the modules then filigree plates forming a continuous plane are filled.

Here it can prove to be disruptive that, in order to realize a monolithic overall structure of the building to be constructed, a grouting concrete layer is applied each time after the next floor ceiling, which is next to it, consisting of individual modules and filigree panels connecting these together in the concrete ceiling area, which also applies the Encloses the foot areas of the individual corner supports of attached modules on the next floor. This initially necessary placement of the comparatively heavy individual modules can Vibrations of the not yet monolithically connected structures of the lower floor lead.

In general, it is known in prefabricated buildings to manufacture buildings at the expense of steel corsets, which may also be visible from the outside, in the manner of a modular solid concrete method, mainly in garage construction or via wall, floor and ceiling structures.

In this context, it is also known to manufacture individual modules, which consist of at least one concrete floor slab and a concrete cover slab, which are connected to one another via vertical supports, using a steel frame, the walls then using concrete parts, but also using wooden parts or can be fanned out using lightweight construction elements, especially for structures that are not subject to fire regulations. In such modules, the steel structure is used as an outer and, moreover, also visible frame because of its perfect dimensional accuracy, whereby, for example, eight support points are formed for each module, at which these can then be placed on top of one another. The connection of the individual modules arranged one on top of the other or next to one another can then take place with the aid of so-called “twist and lock connections”. However, a multi-storey construction based on such modules with a steel corset is not permitted for fire police reasons, for example in Germany, mainly because the steel reinforcement comes out. On the other hand, the measuring accuracy of the modules and later of the buildings made from them is based on the steel frame, which has so far been judged to be indispensable.

Furthermore, with such a modular construction, it is known to insert a possibly even thin layer of casting concrete between the respective top and bottom ceilings, which, however, only serves as a horizontal leveling plane and is not able to ensure a real static bond.

Another problem with the previous modular design is that it is not possible to provide different heights, since one is rigidly bound to the height of the individual module given by the steel structure, so the basic concept lacks any flexibility. So it is also impossible to provide gaps between the individual modules or to use them in a suitable manner, apart from the fact that the usually hollow steel tubes used for the steel frame were not infrequently added by liquids, since a completely tight seal is difficult to manufacture and over longer periods Periods of rain water can penetrate into the exposed pipes or other materials.

In this regard, it is noted that in some aspects the present invention builds on the measures of the procedure that goes back to the same applicant and is presumed to be known, so that it is recommended to take note of the prior application according to G 91 07 904.7 for comprehensive information and not least to support the disclosure content of this application.

The invention has for its object to improve the prefabricated technology described above so that the individual modules, if necessary also the filigree panels connecting them laterally to each other in the ceiling area, of the next floor up next can be easily applied to the lower floor during construction .

Advantages of the invention

The invention solves this problem with the features of claim 1 or features of claim 5 and has the essential advantage that when the next floor level is connected upwards in building construction, the floor level on which this next building is based, in itself already a complete, monolithic composite, including the parts of the ceiling forming filigree plates, so that even in rough work, the individual modules carried by a crane can be placed on the module underneath, without it, if necessary, due to the vibrations that always occur here Beat the final one Settling, warping or disturbances in the construction of the lower floor.

It is also advantageous that the height of the solid corner support areas of each individual module provides reliable information about the height of the grouting concrete layer in the ceiling area when a respective floor is finished by lining up individual modules and / or filigree panels can be, with the raised corner support areas, that is, the upper partial corner supports themselves again steel head plates that serve to safely center the feet to be placed on top of the further individual module that is connected upwards.

Advantageous further developments and improvements of the invention are possible through the measures listed in the subclaims. The secure positioning of the respective individual module to be placed next up on the upper partial corner supports is advantageous, since these are raised upwards in solid concrete and thus reliably maintain predetermined dimensional distances without any lateral bending.

If desired, it is of course possible to connect the respective individual modules, which already have a monolithic structure horizontally due to a respective continuous grouting concrete layer, also in height, that is to say in the vertical, by using the headers and Base plates of individual modules standing one above the other carry out welds that ensure the firm bond even in the vertical area, for example against lateral forces.

It is also advantageous that both the precast concrete ceilings of the individual modules and the adjoining them laterally, with reinforcing claws or hooks engaging in lateral recesses in the respective adjacent concrete slab of the individual modules and thus initially secured filigree slabs upwards, i.e. where the precast concrete layer is subsequently applied will have protruding reinforcing irons, which will be completed by additional mats or layers of interwoven reinforcements and reinforcements, so that the subsequent grouting concrete layers, which must be applied in the course of building construction and run in the direction of the side, create an absolutely rigid monolithic structure, initially in each case related to the individual floor area, results.

General advantages of the construction on which the invention is based are that it is not necessary to arrange the modules directly adjacent to one another, but that it is possible to arrange between modules arranged next to one another (in any direction) and to design them in any way and in their dimensions Place cover plates as intermediate pieces, which only serve as a circuit for the in-situ concrete to be introduced and therefore also the shape thin filigree plates already mentioned. Depending on their dimensions, it may then make sense to support such intermediate filigree slabs with suitable auxiliary supports (trestles) while pouring the in-situ concrete over the respective floor level.

It is no longer necessary, as was previously the case, to arrange the modules side by side and one above the other as on a chessboard, but is also completely free in terms of construction thanks to the wide variety of intermediate pieces, which also enables architecturally appealing solutions.

The rigid box of the module specifies the floor height extremely precisely and at the same time fixes the horizontal stability of the whole, whereby the final monostructural building configuration is secured in the sense of a uniform structural connection by the in-situ concrete to be placed on each floor ceiling. It is particularly easy to install this in-situ concrete without any problems and, above all, error-free and uninterrupted, because the entire floor slab that follows is not yet applied.

The supports forming the corner areas can consist of an inner reinforcement cage made of steel or iron, which forms a steel skeleton for the vertical area, which specifies the dimensional accuracy in the height of the respective module and thus the dimensionally accurate distance between floor and ceiling determined, despite the fact that a respective floor is made entirely of in-situ concrete. This also results in considerable flexibility and a wealth of variants in the manufacture of buildings despite the use of prefabricated modules. This wealth of variants stems from the possibilities of spreading the modules apart next to each other, and if desired also at certain angles to each other, since it is easily possible to manufacture, prefabricate, and on the corresponding filigree panels in any shape that serve as formwork for the in-situ concrete Hook in or fasten existing concrete ceilings or corner supports of existing modules. Variants are also possible in the vertical, since the distances between the individual modules can be changed as required during prefabrication and adapted to the respective requirements.

The protrusion of the upper partial corner full supports over the respective concrete ceiling of the prefabricated module enables the placing of the in-situ concrete up to the respective upper head plate, on which the foot plate of the next module to be placed is then positioned with a perfect fit.

Desired installations can be easily installed on the respective ceiling floors before placing the in-situ concrete - the in-situ concrete that runs through the entire horizontal surface and forms the respective floor ensures the required horizontal bracing and stands with the respective ceiling of the lower module or with the surface of interposed ceiling panels by means of an appropriate connection reinforcement provided in both.

Support girders and lattice girders in the prefabricated grouting concrete ceiling protrude from the finished module (initially). Both these separate support beams as well as the steel bars or tubes of the reinforcement cage in the corner supports, running all the way to the upper partial corner support, are welded to the head plate mentioned, which has an adjusting cone for the foot plate of the respective upper module to be fitted, so that the exact spacing of the respective one Floor height is determined from the distance between the base and top plate of a reinforcement cage prefabricated in a corresponding device.

To further stiffen the module, it can make sense to provide an edge in the area of the prefabricated ceiling panel, which, for example in the manner of a frame for tables, ensures secure stiffening and stabilization of the module.

drawing

Fig. 1

in perspektivischer vereinfachter Darstellung eine bevorzugte Grundform eines Einzelmoduls mit sich seitlich an die Betondecke des Einzelmoduls und von dieser getragenen Filigranplatte,

Fig. 2

als Teilausschnitt schematisiert eine bevorzugte Möglichkeit der Verhakung einer sich seitlich an eine Betondeckplatte anschließenden Filigranplatte mit eigener nach oben freistehender Bewehrung und über beide aufgebrachter Ortbetondecke und

Fig. 3

schematisiert im Ausschnitt die nach oben offene Aufnahmeöffnung in der Kopfplatte einer oberen Teileck-Vollstütze mit in die Aufnahme- und Zentrieröffnung der Kopfplatte eingesetztem Zentrier- und Lagerzapfen der Fußplatte einer Eckstütze eines sich nach oben anschließenden Einzelmoduls.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:

Fig. 1

a preferred basic form of a single module in perspective simplified representation with the side of the concrete ceiling of the individual module and the filigree slab carried by it,

Fig. 2

schematized as a partial section of a preferred possibility of hooking a filigree plate adjoining the side of a concrete cover plate with its own free-standing reinforcement and over both applied in-situ concrete slabs and

Fig. 3

schematically shows in the cutout the upwardly open receiving opening in the head plate of an upper partial corner full support with the centering and bearing pin of the foot plate of a corner support of an adjoining module that is inserted into the receiving and centering opening of the head plate.

Description of the embodiments

The basic idea of the present invention is to first completely stabilize a respective floor level of a building to be constructed by applying a continuous casting concrete layer (in-situ concrete), which extends over all filigree slabs and concrete ceilings of individual modules, and to bring it into a monolithic monostructure from a static point of view , before the individual modules with the base plates of the corner supports, which are exposed at the top, of the corner supports of the modules of this floor, are placed on top so that From the outset, the modules are properly anchored and positioned in both the horizontal and vertical directions.

1 shows the simplest basic form of a module 10, consisting only of a concrete ceiling 12 and four corner supports 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d, a side wall 13 being additionally arranged if this is an external module or on this Place a wall in the building.

The modules 10 basically have no bottom and therefore correspond in their shape to a box which is open at the bottom and in which more and more side parts can be omitted until finally, for example in the case of a central module, there are no longer any side parts and the module has a stool-like shape.

The four corner supports 14a, 14b, 14c, 14d determine the floor height by their height, that is to say more precisely by the distance between their respective head plate 15 and the corresponding lower foot plate 16, the concrete ceiling 12 of each individual module 10 being set up between the corner supports at a predetermined distance , so that each corner support comprises a corner support main part 17 reaching from the bottom to the concrete ceiling 12 and an upper partial corner full support 18 which projects beyond the concrete ceiling 12 by a certain, but arbitrarily definable distance.

The concrete ceiling 12 can be formed with a circumferential edge 12a and an inner fluted trough 12b, wherein reinforcement bars 19 of any shape can protrude from the concrete of the ceiling 12.

At least where it is to be expected that intermediate plates, i.e. so-called filigree plates 20, are to be placed laterally horizontally on the concrete ceiling, the concrete ceiling 12 of each individual module 10 has a recess or fold 21, which is arranged in the peripheral edge 22 of the concrete ceiling 12. This recess serves for the lateral problem-free approach of filigram plates 20 which engage with hook-like projections 23 of their reinforcing bars in the recess 21, so that there is a secure anchoring of the lateral filigree plate 20, which is preferably attached to the module with the same module width. The filigree panel then strikes the continuous column areas.

It can be seen that in this way it is possible to continuously apply a grouting concrete layer on site to a lower floor ceiling that is assembled in this way in any shape and variability, so that it is raised so that it reaches at least to the lower edge, if desired also flush at the top, surrounds the upper partial corner full supports, so that then only the head plates with their centering openings 15 'protrude from the grouting concrete layer.

Wherever modules form outer wall modules, it is understood that formwork is attached so that the grouting concrete layer does not flow off.

It also goes without saying that reinforcements, for example in the form of mats, are continuously placed on the finished concrete ceiling 12 of each individual module and on the adjoining filigree plates 20, which are also provided by the existing reinforcements 19 of the concrete ceiling 12 and 22, which protrude upwards the filigree plate 20 can be braided through.

This results in an intimate, monolithic composite of the entire floor level, which in this respect forms the floor of the floor level that adjoins it when new individual modules are placed on the individual module 10 from above, which then fit with their foot plates 16 onto the head plates 15 be put on.

For this purpose, as can best be seen from the illustration in FIG. 3, the foot plates have downwardly centering or locking pins 16 'which are received by the receiving openings 15' of the head plates 15, the outer shape of each centering pin 16 ' can also be conical, with a corresponding, complementary taper of the head plate receiving opening 15 '.

It can also be seen in FIG. 3 that a grouting concrete layer 24 is applied to the ceiling 12, and reaching up to the head plate 15; in the illustrated embodiment up to the lower edge thereof, so that, as can be seen, the top plate 15 and the base plate 16 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 also adjoin one another freely accessible from the outside after the upper individual module has been put on.

It is therefore also possible for vertical stiffening, i.e. against forces acting on the side of the building, for example wind forces, but also if you are building in earthquake-prone areas, to weld the base plate and head plate to one another or to fully connect them in another way, thereby there is a monolithic basic structure of the entire building in horizontal and vertical directions.

In this context, it should be remembered that reinforcement baskets or reinforcement baskets are also provided in the solid concrete corner supports in the exemplary embodiments discussed here, the irons of which are firmly connected, for example welded, to the respective head or foot plate, so that this results in precise height spacings allow the individual modules to be specified, but also the head and foot plates are, so to speak, one-piece components of the respective floor, so that the floors form a monolithic basic structure by welding the head and foot plates up and down.

The fact that the respective grouting concrete layer (to to the head plate level) before the individual modules belonging to the subsequent floor, which continues upwards, are attached, the problem-free connection of these subsequent individual modules, more precisely their base plates with the lower head plates, is also possible, because the floor level, which is solidified by the on-site concrete layer, is also very rough Procedure, possible lateral striking of modules brought up by cranes, modules that adjoin the top, or very hard placement, can no longer move or work in any other way, in particular the filigree plates attached to the side can no longer move out of the initially only through the bearing hooks 23 which engage in the cutouts 21 Release the specified positioning so that any other hazard in the assembly area is excluded.

From the illustration in FIG. 2, it can finally be seen how the continuous, on-site grouting concrete layer 24 is guided up to the upper edge of the respective head plate 15 of each corner support 14 and in particular also the upwardly projecting reinforcing bars 22 of the filigree plate 20 and the reinforcing bars 19 Encloses concrete ceiling 12, which also shows continuous iron mats 25 placed before the grouting concrete layer is applied.

In conclusion, it is pointed out that the claims and in particular the main claim attempts to formulate the invention without extensive knowledge of the prior art and therefore without restrictive prejudice. It is therefore reserved to consider all the features shown in the description, the claims and the drawing both individually and in any combination with one another as essential to the invention and to lay them down in the claims and to reduce the main claim in its feature content.

Claims (8)

Process for the production of structures and buildings, in particular hotels, hospitals, commercial or office buildings, residential buildings and old people's homes and the like, whereby prefabricated spatial cells are arranged next to and above one another in modular construction technology and, if necessary, horizontally connected to one another by thinner intermediate ceilings that serve as bridges are characterized in that the connection of the floor-free individual modules (10) together with the thin intermediate ceilings (filigree slabs 20) attached to the side of their concrete ceilings first of all one storey by applying continuous concrete ceilings (12) of the modules (10) and filigree slabs ( 20) covering grouting concrete layer takes place on site, the four corner supports (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d) of each individual module (10) being continued upwards by a predetermined distance via their own concrete ceiling (12) in such a way that the application of the grouting concrete ceiling (24 ) while releasing from the hochge moved or continued upper partial corner full supports (18) supported head plates (15), which in turn subsequently serve to receive foot plates (16) of the floor modules which follow one another upwards. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that reinforcing mats are placed on reinforcing bars (19, 22) of concrete ceilings (12) of the individual modules or the filigree plates (20) attached laterally to them, which reinforce the lateral anchoring of the continuously poured grouting concrete layer Ensure all concrete ceilings (12) and filigree slabs (22) on one level. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that when building up a floor level which follows each other upwards, individual modules are placed on the grouting concrete layer of the respective lower floor ceiling, which forms the floor surface for the subsequent floor level, in such a way that centering pins (16 ') are placed in receiving openings ( 15 ') of the top plates (15) of the upper partial corner supports released from the respective poured concrete layer. Method according to one or more of claims 1-3, characterized in that the adjoining head or foot plates (15, 16) of corner supports (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d) of modules placed one above the other for vertical bracing are welded (effect of mutual shear forces). Custom-made module for the production of buildings and buildings, especially hotels, hospitals, commercial or office buildings, residential buildings and old people's homes and the like Like., which is connected to further modules or intermediate plates (filigree plates) arranged laterally as well as upwards and downwards, for carrying out the method according to one or more of claims 1-4, characterized in that upper partial corner full supports (18) the corner supports (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d) of each module (10), which may have additional side walls (13), are pulled out by a predetermined distance beyond the concrete ceiling (12) of the module, the distance between the height of one passing through in a horizontal plane grouting concrete layer to be applied corresponds. Modularly prefabricated module according to claim 5, characterized in that for the lateral attachment of filigree panels (20), the concrete ceiling of the module (10) has cutouts or folds (21) in the marginal edge area which accommodate filigree panels (20) attached to the side for hooking irons (23) ) serve. Modularly prefabricated module according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that upper head plates (15) of each corner support (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d) receiving centering openings (15 ') for centering pins (16 ') of foot plates (16) each have vertically adjacent modules. Modularly prefabricated module according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the top and bottom plates (15, 16) are welded together at the edge.

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