EP0598682A1 - Méthode et appareil pour évaluer le comportement des auditeurs de radiodiffusion - Google Patents

Méthode et appareil pour évaluer le comportement des auditeurs de radiodiffusion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0598682A1
EP0598682A1 EP93810791A EP93810791A EP0598682A1 EP 0598682 A1 EP0598682 A1 EP 0598682A1 EP 93810791 A EP93810791 A EP 93810791A EP 93810791 A EP93810791 A EP 93810791A EP 0598682 A1 EP0598682 A1 EP 0598682A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
samples
program
recording
time
listening
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93810791A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0598682B1 (fr
Inventor
Daniel Wüthrich
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Liechti AG
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Liechti AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
    • H04H60/56—Arrangements characterised by components specially adapted for monitoring, identification or recognition covered by groups H04H60/29-H04H60/54
    • H04H60/58—Arrangements characterised by components specially adapted for monitoring, identification or recognition covered by groups H04H60/29-H04H60/54 of audio

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of radio listener behavior research, and more particularly to a method for determining the particular program being listened to.
  • each television set is monitored, which makes sense from the point of view that there is a small number of television sets per household (usually one or two) that have a fixed location. Then relatively complex monitoring devices that can be adapted to the respective device can be attached.
  • radio sets there are usually several radio sets in one household, some of which are also used outside the home. These include, for example, car radio, Walkman, portable radio. In addition, radio is often listened to in department stores, supermarkets, restaurants, etc. In addition, the frequency ranges of the radio programs are not nationwide. In order to determine the received program from the setting of a radio device, it would therefore be necessary to also determine the current location, and when evaluating a large and constantly updated one List of regional program broadcast frequencies to determine the program being played.
  • acoustic hearing samples are recorded and stored in the vicinity of a listener in order to correlate them with corresponding recordings of one or more programs at a later time.
  • information about the point in time is also stored with the audio samples, or the audio samples are recorded in a predefined time grid, the start time of which is defined or z. B. is stored at the beginning of the audio sample recording.
  • the corresponding device hereinafter referred to as the monitor, can be attached to the radio receiver and can also be carried by the test person.
  • the former variant presupposes that it is also determined whether and who is listening to the radio, that is to say that it is sufficiently close. This can be done by input on the monitor, such as. B. by means of a keyboard, a code card or a barcode reader, or also by code transmitter that are carried by the people in the test household.
  • the second variant the monitor carried by the test person, makes it easy to determine what the wearer of the monitor is hearing.
  • a prerequisite for this procedure is a small and light monitor, which, for. B. can also be worn in a shirt breast pocket.
  • the monitor must be functional for a sufficiently long time. On the one hand, this requires a sufficiently high storage capacity, and on the other hand, because of the mobile operation, a power supply via batteries, possibly supported by solar cells or other energy sources accessible in mobile operation. In order to use these energy sources as economically as possible, the audio samples are recorded exclusively on storage media that have no mechanical components, in particular no magnetic tapes, etc.
  • the applicable storage media such as non-volatile or battery-buffered semiconductor memories
  • the applicable storage media have only limited capacity and can generally only store digital data. Suitable procedures for the most compact possible storage and reduction of the data volume are therefore necessary.
  • further compression methods can be used, which can be carried out by a processor. These include those from digital technology known, generally applicable data compression methods, as well as transformations, such as the (fast) Fourier transformation.
  • transformations such as the (fast) Fourier transformation.
  • the degree of data reduction can be set here by the density of the support points.
  • Another aspect is data and privacy protection. It is foreseeable that test persons will not be happy to carry a device with them, or even have it in their environment, which among other things can listen to and record every spoken word. In the method according to the invention, protection against this is already provided by storing only short hearing samples. The other processing steps mentioned, such as reduced monitored frequency band and the use of transformations, further complicate the tracking of a call. Finally, the data can be additionally encrypted before being stored, preferably using a non-reversible method.
  • the program heard is determined by comparing the audio samples with program samples recorded at the same time.
  • Program samples can e.g. B. in the broadcasting studio, at any point in the broadcasting system or in a cable reception system, where the assignment of channels to a program is defined. This does not have to be done via an acoustic intermediate stage, but can be done in any way. It is essential that the audio samples are recorded overlapping in time with the program samples, and that the recorded data can be brought into a form in which they can be checked for correspondence by a correlation method.
  • the program samples can immediately be subjected to the same procedures as the audio samples. Another possibility is that the program samples are first saved in a raw version and only at the moment of correlation to the audio samples be adjusted. Program samples can thus also be used for correlation with stored audio samples that have been compressed, transformed and / or encrypted in various ways.
  • the prerequisite is that the time at which the audio samples and the program samples were recorded can be determined at the time of the correlation.
  • the easiest way to do this is to save the beginning of the recording together with the samples.
  • the correlation of the audio samples with the program samples takes place in a central office.
  • the transmission of the audio samples from the test households to the headquarters can be done in different ways. Because of the small size of the monitors, they can be sent directly to the headquarters by post.
  • a device can also be installed in the test households that can read out the memory of the monitors and transmit the data to the control center via modem.
  • a system for determining television habits may already be installed in such a test household. Such systems often already include a modem with a data connection to a central office. About this system can then.
  • the data of the monitors can also be transmitted to the control center using a special adapter.
  • the program samples can be recorded by devices similar to the monitors. Since these devices are stationary in most cases, the program signal is directly decoupled, i.e. without detour via acoustic reproduction, applied, and it can also be recorded during longer recording intervals, since the program samplers can contain more expensive storage media of higher capacity. So z. B. time shifts between audio samples and program samples, as they can result from time bases that are not running exactly synchronously, are subsequently compensated for during the correlation without the effective correlation interval being shortened.
  • the audio signal reaches the bandpass filter 2, which filters a frequency range from 100 to 4000 s ⁇ 1, preferably 300 to 3000 s ⁇ 1, from the entire audio frequency range.
  • the bandwidth-limited signal is passed on to the analog-to-digital converter 3 and from there further in digital form to a first buffer memory 4.
  • the analog-to-digital converter is controlled by a timer 9. This timer turns on the analog-to-digital converter for one second at the beginning of every full minute.
  • the timer 9 has a quartz time base which is synchronized with a time base in the control center.
  • the audio sample stored in digital form in the memory 4 during the one-second recording time is read out from the memory 4 in the recording-free rest of the minute and after Fourier transformation in the Fourier transform unit 5, compression in the compressor 6 and encryption in the encryption unit 7 in the memory 8 filed.
  • Conceivable embodiments are, for example, as a check card or clip or also integrated in a watch.
  • the monitors in the test household are placed once a day in a charging and synchronization station that is once available in the household.
  • the synchronization station ensures that the timers 9 synchronize in the individual monitors. Furthermore, it can read the memory 8 from each monitor and stores the content in its own, larger-sized memory, which, for. B. can be a tape deck. The memory of the monitor is then expediently deleted.
  • the synchronization station can charge rechargeable energy sources contained in the monitor.
  • the data transfer to the control center can be done by e.g. B.
  • the charging and synchronization station is called by the central computer at night or it calls the central computer, after which it transmits the stored data on request.
  • the timer present in the charging and synchronization station can also be brought into agreement with the time base of the central computer.
  • the connection to the control center is established either via its own modem or via the modem of an existing system for researching audience behavior.
  • the second option is to send the data carrier of the loading and synchronization station to the control center.
  • the monitors themselves can also be sent to the control center, whereby the built-in timer can in turn be synchronized with the time base of the control center.
  • the monitor can be adapted to the current conditions in a variety of ways.
  • the various processing procedures can be carried out by only one processor. With a recording time of just one Seconds per minute he has 59 seconds to perform the transformation, compression and encryption. Performing all of these operations by a processor has the advantage that a change in the overall functioning is only possible by exchanging the program that controls the processor. For example, the encryptor or its key can be exchanged, the compression can be switched on and off, and other transformation methods can be used.
  • the filter 2 can also be designed digitally and then arranged behind the analog-digital converter.
  • the filtering can also be carried out in a digital manner by a processor.
  • the order of the functional elements can also be chosen differently overall.
  • the synchronization of the time base 9 can be dispensed with in that the time base 9 has a receiver for a time normal signal, e.g. B. DCF-77, which is also used by the program samplers as a time standard.
  • a time normal signal e.g. B. DCF-77
  • a problem with the purely acoustic recording of the audio samples is that the ambient noise level may be too high.
  • a possible solution is that so-called mini spies are attached to the speakers, which pick up the structure-borne noise of the respective speaker and radiate it directly to the monitors, e.g. B. by means of radio signals, infrared or ultrasound.
  • the monitor can also be connected directly to the speaker or headphone output. B. a Walkman can be connected.
  • a monitor can also be attached to a hi-fi stereo system using an adapter that allows the listener to be input.
  • the monitor could also be equipped with a button that allows the wearer to deactivate the monitor, e.g. B. during a confidential conversation.
  • the monitor that is, the hearing sampler that the listener carries with him
  • the microphone 1 has a high to very high sensitivity for the sound waves 11 within a frequency range of approx. 200 s ⁇ 1 to 3000 s ⁇ 1, but outside of this range a low one. As a result, the microphone 1 performs pre-filtering.
  • the branch 13, which is used for feeding signals instead of or in addition to being recorded via the microphone 1, is discussed below.
  • the already bandwidth-limited (approx. 200-3000 s ⁇ 1) signal 14 arrives at an amplifier and bandpass 15, which raises the signal for the subsequent A / D converter 3 to the necessary level and the bandwidth limitation with the desired sharpness causes.
  • the output signal 18 of the amplifier 15 reaches the A / D converter 3, which converts it into a digitized form 20.
  • Switches 22 and A / D converter 3 are controlled by the timer 9, which can be coupled to the time display of the clock or works separately from it.
  • the timer 9 the A / D converter 3 provides the sampling rate signal 24 of 6000 s ⁇ 1 and the switch 22 the switching signal 25 with a duration of 1 s per minute.
  • the data 29 are read out from the buffer memory 4 by the Fourier transform unit 5.
  • the Fourier transform unit processes 200 ms sections of the one-second samples, so that the result per sampling interval five Fourier coefficient sets 30 arise, which are initially stored in a buffer 32.
  • the Fourier coefficients 34 are fetched from the data compressor 6 and reduced in scope without loss of information by one of the common compression methods, such as Huffmann coding, Lempel-Ziv-Welch method, etc. Compressions of up to 2/5 of the initial data volume can be achieved here, or even more if more powerful methods are known and used.
  • An empirical value is that approx. 100 bytes of compressed data per sampling interval, i. H. per minute.
  • At least the Fourier transformer unit 5 and the data compressor 6 are implemented by a processor under the control of a respective program. At the same time, if necessary, the processor can also take over the encryption mentioned above.
  • the reading out of the data from and the deletion of the EPROM 8 takes place in the loading and synchronization station 39, into which the watch containing the monitor can be inserted.
  • the energy and data transmission takes place contactlessly via electromagnetic coupling, which avoids opening the watch and requires only a small amount of instruction from the operator to load and read out, so it can easily be carried out by the test person himself.
  • the monitor in the watch indicates contact with the charging station 39 the functional elements readout control 40 and reset and erase control 41 for reading out and erasing the memory 8, a timer synchronization unit 42 for synchronizing the monitor timer 9 and a battery charger 43 which contains the supply battery of the monitor and is used to recharge this battery.
  • the data transmission is preferably serial.
  • the synchronization of the clock 9 is necessary because the 200 ms divisions of the 1 second samples must be correlated exactly in time with the samples in the transmitter, which can also cause problems for days with a quartz time base.
  • the temperature, the temperature dependence of the timer 9 is determined and stored for each monitor.
  • the time deviation can be determined and corrected by the influence of temperature, whereby an accuracy of ⁇ 200 ms gait errors per week can be achieved.
  • a person identification 45 is predefined as the identifier of the wearer. However, it is also conceivable to provide several identifiers from which the clock can be selected using operating elements.
  • the "applied" detector 46 serves to automatically determine whether the watch, ie the monitor, has been put on by the test person and thus the hearing samples also correspond to the auditory impression of the person. As a secondary function, the hearing monitoring can also be switched off when the watch is not on, e.g. B. at night.
  • the detector 46 can be inductive or capacitive Be designed sensor that responds for example to the proximity to the body of the test person or the condition of the bracelet (open / closed).
  • the attention button 47 serves to allow phases of increased attention to be marked manually by the test person.
  • the comparative hearing samples, the transmitter side, z. B. recorded in the studio, are processed and saved by a functionally identical monitor. Instead of via the microphone 1, however, the signal is fed in via the branch 13 directly at the input of the amplifier 15.
  • the final storage takes place on a data medium of large capacity as usual in computer technology, e.g. B. on the basis of magnetic tapes.
  • the functions required for portable, automatic operation, such as the interface units for the charging and synchronization station, attention button, "applied” sensor etc. are also omitted.
  • the invention can also be used to determine participant behavior for other types of radiation having an acoustic component, such as, for. B. television.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
EP93810791A 1992-11-19 1993-11-15 Méthode et appareil pour évaluer le comportement des auditeurs de radiodiffusion Expired - Lifetime EP0598682B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH355292 1992-11-19
CH355292 1992-11-19
CH3552/92 1992-11-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0598682A1 true EP0598682A1 (fr) 1994-05-25
EP0598682B1 EP0598682B1 (fr) 2003-07-09

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93810791A Expired - Lifetime EP0598682B1 (fr) 1992-11-19 1993-11-15 Méthode et appareil pour évaluer le comportement des auditeurs de radiodiffusion

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0598682B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE244963T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59310346D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0598682T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2202308T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT598682E (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10053739A1 (de) * 2000-10-30 2002-05-02 Starzone Gmbh Verfahren und System zur Erfassung von Sendebeiträgen
EP1513084A1 (fr) * 2003-09-02 2005-03-09 Liechti Ag Méthode, agencement et appareils de recueil de données horodatées d'acceptance humaine des installations
EP2209236A1 (fr) 2009-01-16 2010-07-21 GfK Telecontrol AG Dispositif pour collecter des données de mesure d'audience
US8166497B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2012-04-24 The Nielsen Company (US) , LLC Methods and apparatus to collect media monitoring information
US9947327B2 (en) 2008-01-29 2018-04-17 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for performing variable block length watermarking of media
US9972332B2 (en) 2007-11-12 2018-05-15 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to perform audio watermarking and watermark detection and extraction
US10469901B2 (en) 2008-10-31 2019-11-05 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to verify presentation of media content

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9015740B2 (en) 2005-12-12 2015-04-21 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Systems and methods to wirelessly meter audio/visual devices
GB2460773B (en) 2007-02-20 2010-10-27 Nielsen Co Methods and apparatus for characterizing media
WO2008137385A2 (fr) 2007-05-02 2008-11-13 Nielsen Media Research, Inc. Procédés et appareil de génération de signature
CA2717723C (fr) 2008-03-05 2016-10-18 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Procedes et appareils de generation de signatures

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63261186A (ja) * 1987-04-18 1988-10-27 Koichiro Uemura 人体識別マツト
WO1990000330A1 (fr) * 1988-06-29 1990-01-11 Viewfacts, Inc. Radiometre
US5023929A (en) * 1988-09-15 1991-06-11 Npd Research, Inc. Audio frequency based market survey method
WO1991011062A1 (fr) * 1990-01-18 1991-07-25 Young Alan M Procede et appareil de mesure de l'indice d'ecoute d'emissions
JPH03251912A (ja) * 1990-03-01 1991-11-11 Toshiba Corp システムクロック切替え機能を持つ電子機器

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0738120B2 (ja) * 1987-07-14 1995-04-26 三菱電機株式会社 音声記録再生装置

Patent Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63261186A (ja) * 1987-04-18 1988-10-27 Koichiro Uemura 人体識別マツト
WO1990000330A1 (fr) * 1988-06-29 1990-01-11 Viewfacts, Inc. Radiometre
US5023929A (en) * 1988-09-15 1991-06-11 Npd Research, Inc. Audio frequency based market survey method
WO1991011062A1 (fr) * 1990-01-18 1991-07-25 Young Alan M Procede et appareil de mesure de l'indice d'ecoute d'emissions
JPH03251912A (ja) * 1990-03-01 1991-11-11 Toshiba Corp システムクロック切替え機能を持つ電子機器

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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 13, no. 75 (P - 831) 21 February 1989 (1989-02-21) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 16, no. 50 (P - 1308) 7 February 1992 (1992-02-07) *

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10053739B4 (de) * 2000-10-30 2004-03-25 Otto, Christian Verfahren und System zur Erfassung von Sendebeiträgen
DE10053739A1 (de) * 2000-10-30 2002-05-02 Starzone Gmbh Verfahren und System zur Erfassung von Sendebeiträgen
EP1513084A1 (fr) * 2003-09-02 2005-03-09 Liechti Ag Méthode, agencement et appareils de recueil de données horodatées d'acceptance humaine des installations
WO2005022421A1 (fr) * 2003-09-02 2005-03-10 Liechti Ag Procede de reception de dispositifs, dispositif utilisable a cet effet, et appareils y relatifs
US8166497B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2012-04-24 The Nielsen Company (US) , LLC Methods and apparatus to collect media monitoring information
US10964333B2 (en) 2007-11-12 2021-03-30 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to perform audio watermarking and watermark detection and extraction
US9972332B2 (en) 2007-11-12 2018-05-15 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to perform audio watermarking and watermark detection and extraction
US10580421B2 (en) 2007-11-12 2020-03-03 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to perform audio watermarking and watermark detection and extraction
US11562752B2 (en) 2007-11-12 2023-01-24 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to perform audio watermarking and watermark detection and extraction
US11961527B2 (en) 2007-11-12 2024-04-16 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to perform audio watermarking and watermark detection and extraction
US9947327B2 (en) 2008-01-29 2018-04-17 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for performing variable block length watermarking of media
US10741190B2 (en) 2008-01-29 2020-08-11 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for performing variable block length watermarking of media
US10469901B2 (en) 2008-10-31 2019-11-05 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to verify presentation of media content
US11070874B2 (en) 2008-10-31 2021-07-20 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to verify presentation of media content
US11778268B2 (en) 2008-10-31 2023-10-03 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to verify presentation of media content
WO2010081247A1 (fr) 2009-01-16 2010-07-22 Gfk Telecontrol Ag Moniteur pour collecter des données de recherche d'audience
EP2209236A1 (fr) 2009-01-16 2010-07-21 GfK Telecontrol AG Dispositif pour collecter des données de mesure d'audience

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT598682E (pt) 2003-11-28
ATE244963T1 (de) 2003-07-15
DK0598682T3 (da) 2003-10-13
EP0598682B1 (fr) 2003-07-09
DE59310346D1 (de) 2003-08-14
ES2202308T3 (es) 2004-04-01

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