EP0598682B1 - Méthode et appareil pour évaluer le comportement des auditeurs de radiodiffusion - Google Patents

Méthode et appareil pour évaluer le comportement des auditeurs de radiodiffusion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0598682B1
EP0598682B1 EP93810791A EP93810791A EP0598682B1 EP 0598682 B1 EP0598682 B1 EP 0598682B1 EP 93810791 A EP93810791 A EP 93810791A EP 93810791 A EP93810791 A EP 93810791A EP 0598682 B1 EP0598682 B1 EP 0598682B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
samples
hearing
program
recording
storage
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP93810791A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0598682A1 (fr
Inventor
Daniel Wüthrich
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Liechti AG
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Liechti AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
    • H04H60/56—Arrangements characterised by components specially adapted for monitoring, identification or recognition covered by groups H04H60/29-H04H60/54
    • H04H60/58—Arrangements characterised by components specially adapted for monitoring, identification or recognition covered by groups H04H60/29-H04H60/54 of audio

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of Radio listener behavior research, and in particular on one Procedure for determining the program you are listening to.
  • radio sets in one household there are usually several radio sets in one household available, some of which are also used outside become. These include car radio, Walkman, Portable radio. In addition, in department stores, supermarkets, Restaurants etc. often listened to the radio. In addition are the frequency ranges of the radio programs are not nationwide established. To get that from the setting of a radio to determine received program, it would be necessary, too determine the current location, and when evaluating about a large and constantly up to date List of regional program broadcast frequencies that are reproduced To determine the program.
  • Monitoring the playback of the devices and the at TV receivers usually determine the received radio program from the setting of the recipient is therefore at Radio receivers do not make sense.
  • US-5,023,929 specifies a device with which hearing samples of e.g. 3 seconds every 10 minutes. The ambient noise tests are uncompressed on a magnetic tape recorded. This device is therefore from each Participants in the study, what because of size and Weight means a certain circumstance that lasts can become uncomfortable. The device can also forget gaps in the investigation.
  • EP-A-299 711 gives a compression method for digital Audio data.
  • the process allows the compressed, data stored in a semiconductor memory with high Quality back in an acoustic signal by Convert decompression back.
  • This compression process does not reduce the information content. It therefore requires a relatively large amount of memory, which in With regard to the uninterrupted operation of a monitor from some days again leads to relatively voluminous designs. It should also be borne in mind that with the Storage size also increases the energy requirement.
  • An object of the present invention is a method to determine the radio listening behavior, the determination of the radio program listened to independently allowed from the listener's location.
  • For correlation is with the Information about the point in time is saved, or the audio samples are pre-defined Time grid added, whose start time defines or z. B. is stored at the beginning of the audio sample recording.
  • To reduce the memory required for the audio samples becomes advantageous at certain times and only recorded and saved over a short time interval.
  • the corresponding device hereinafter referred to as the monitor, can once attached to the radio receiver, and on the other also be carried by the test person.
  • the former Variant assumes that it is also determined whether and whoever listens to the radio, d. H. is close enough. This can be done by entering on the monitor, such as. B. using a keyboard, a code card or a barcode reader, or even through code transmitters by the people to be worn in the test household.
  • the second variant the monitor carried by the test person, allows you to easily determine what the The wearer of the monitor is listening. requirement for this procedure is a small and easy one Monitor, e.g. B. also worn in a shirt breast pocket can be.
  • the monitor needs to be long enough be functional. This requires a sufficiently high one Storage capacity, and on the other hand because of the mobile operation a power supply from batteries, possibly supported by solar cells or others, in mobile operation accessible energy sources. To these energy sources The auditions will only be used as economically as possible recorded on storage media that do not have mechanical components, in particular none Magnetic tapes etc.
  • the applicable storage media such as non-volatile or battery-backed semiconductor memories, but have only limited Capacity and can generally only digital Save data. Suitable methods for the most compact possible Storage and reduction of the data volume are therefore necessary.
  • Another aspect is data and privacy protection. It is predictable that test subjects will not be happy are ready to carry a device with them, or even just in to have in their environment, including what is spoken Listen to the word and record it. In the inventive Procedure is already through storage protection against this is given only by brief auditions. The others mentioned processing steps, such as reduced monitored Frequency band and application of transformations further complicate tracking of a conversation. Finally, the data can still be saved are additionally encrypted, preferably according to a irreversible process.
  • Program samples can e.g. B. in Broadcasting studio, at any point of the broadcasting system or also in a cable reception system, where the assignment of the Channels defined for a program can be removed. This does not have to be done via an acoustic intermediate stage, but can be done in any way.
  • Essential is that the audio samples overlap with the Program samples are recorded and that the recorded Data can be brought into a form in which they match by a correlation process can be checked.
  • the program samples can be started immediately subjected to the same procedures as the auditions become. Another possibility is that the Program samples are first saved in a raw version and only at the moment of correlation to the audio samples be adjusted. This means that program samples can also be used for Correlation with stored samples can be used which have been compressed, transformed and / or encrypted in various ways.
  • the prerequisite is that the time of the recording of the audio samples and the program samples at the time of correlation can be determined.
  • the easiest way to do this is that along with the samples also the beginning of the Recording is saved. In a series in a row recorded samples may also suffice, only once save the absolute time and only later record the time intervals between two samples, or from the saved time under the assumption a regular sampling the times of the other Calculate samples mathematically.
  • the audio samples are correlated with the program samples in a headquarters.
  • the transmission of the audio samples from the test households to the headquarters can be different Species. Because of the small size of the monitors these are sent directly to the headquarters by post.
  • a device can also be installed in the test households that the memory of the monitors can read and the Transmits data to the headquarters via modem.
  • Such Systems often already include a modem with a data connection to a headquarters. Can use this system then z. B. using a special adapter also the data the monitors are transferred to the control center.
  • the recording of the program samples can be similar by devices the monitors. Because these devices in most cases are stationary, a direct decoupling of the program signal, without detour via acoustic reproduction, applied, and it can also be used during longer exposure intervals be recorded as the program sampler contain more expensive storage media of higher capacity can. So z. B. Time shifts between Audio samples and program samples as they do not come from can result in exactly synchronous running time bases, while the correlation subsequently compensated for the recording without shortening the effective correlation interval would.
  • the audio signal reaches the bandpass filter 2, which filters a frequency range from 100 to 4000 s -1 , preferably 300 to 3000 s -1 , out of the entire audio frequency range.
  • the bandwidth-limited signal goes further to the analog-to-digital converter 3 and from there further in digital form to a first buffer memory 4.
  • the analog-to-digital converter is controlled by a timer 9. This timer turns on the analog-to-digital converter for one second at the beginning of every full minute.
  • the timer 9 has a quartz time base which is synchronized with a time base in the control center.
  • the during the one-second recording time in the memory 4 in The audio sample saved in digital form is recorded in the non-recording Read the rest of the minute from memory 4 and after Fourier transform in the Fourier transform unit 5, compression in the compressor 6 and encryption in the Encryption unit 7 stored in memory 8.
  • Conceivable embodiments are, for example, as a check card or clip or also integrated in a watch.
  • the monitors in the test household will be checked once on Day in a charging and synchronization station that is once available in the household inserted.
  • the synchronization station ensures once for a synchronization of the timers 9 in each Monitors. It can also store from any monitor 8 read out and stores the content in its own, larger-sized memory, which also z. B. a tape deck can be. After that, the Monitor memory cleared.
  • the synchronization station included in the monitor rechargeable Charge energy sources.
  • the data transfer to the control center can be done by e.g. B. at night the charging and synchronization station from the central computer is called or she calls the central computer, after which they request the stored data transfers. This can also be done in the charging and synchronization station existing timers with the time base of the central computer to be matched.
  • the connection the center is either via its own modem built or via the modem of an existing one Facility for researching audience behavior.
  • the second option is to load the disk and Send the synchronization station to the control center.
  • the monitors themselves can also go to the head office be sent in, again the built-in timer be synchronized with the time base of the control center can.
  • the monitor can be connected to the current in various ways Conditions are adjusted.
  • the different Processing procedures using only one processor be performed.
  • With a recording time of just one Seconds per minute he has 59 seconds to complete the Transformation, compression and encryption perform.
  • Carrying out all of these operations a processor also has the advantage that only by exchanging the program that controls the processor, a change in the overall functionality is possible.
  • Z. B. the encryptor or its key can be replaced the compression can be switched on and off and other transformation methods can be used become.
  • the filter 2 can also be digital and then be arranged behind the analog-digital converter. Analogous can also filter from one processor to digital kind of be done. The order of the functional elements can also be chosen differently overall.
  • the synchronization of the time base 9 can therefore become obsolete that the time base 9 is a receiver for a time normal signal, z. B. DCF-77, which also includes the program samplers is used as the time standard.
  • a problem with the purely acoustic recording of the audio samples is a possibly high ambient noise level.
  • a possible solution is that on the speakers so-called mini spies are attached, which are the structure-borne noise of the respective speaker and directly on radiate the monitors, e.g. B. by means of radio signals, infrared or ultrasound.
  • the monitor can also be connected directly to the Speaker or headphone output z. B. a Walkman connected become.
  • a monitor can also be stationary on a Hi-Fi stereo system attached using an adapter be the input of the people listening allows.
  • the monitor could also be equipped with a button that allows the wearer to disable the monitor, z. B. during a confidential conversation.
  • the monitor that is, the hearing sampler that the listener is carrying
  • the microphone 1 has a high to very high sensitivity for the sound waves 11 within a frequency range of approx. 200 s -1 to 3000 s -1 , but a low sensitivity outside this range. As a result, the microphone 1 performs pre-filtering.
  • the branch 13, which is used for feeding signals instead of or in addition to being recorded via the microphone 1, is discussed below.
  • the already bandwidth-limited (approx. 200-3000 s -1 ) signal 14 arrives at an amplifier and bandpass 15, which raises the signal for the subsequent A / D converter 3 to the necessary level and the bandwidth limitation with the desired sharpness causes.
  • the output signal 18 of the amplifier 15 reaches the A / D converter 3, which converts it into a digitized form 20.
  • Switches 22 and A / D converter 3 are controlled by the timer 9, which can be coupled to the time display of the watch or works separately from it. whereby the timer 9 supplies the A / D converter 3 with the sampling rate signal 24 of 6000 s -1 and the switch 22 with the switching signal 25 with a duration of 1 s per minute.
  • the data 29 from the Fourier transform unit become the buffer 4 5 read out.
  • the Fourier transform unit processes 200ms sections of the one-second Audio samples so that as a result per sampling interval five Fourier coefficient sets 30 arise, which initially are stored in a buffer 32.
  • the Fourier coefficients 34 are fetched from the data compressor 6 and reduced in scope without loss of information by one of the common compression methods, such as Huffmann coding, Lempel-Ziv-Welch method, etc. Compressions of up to 2/5 of the initial data volume can be achieved here, or even more if more powerful methods are known and used.
  • At least the Fourier transformer unit 5 and the data compressor 6 are under the control of a processor implemented by a respective program. At the same time, the processor can still, if necessary, the above Take over the mentioned encryption.
  • Reading the data from and deleting the EPROM 8 takes place in the loading and synchronization station 39, in the the watch containing the monitor can be inserted.
  • the energy and data transmission takes place without contact via electromagnetic coupling, which prevents the watch from opening and loading and reading only a small amount of effort requires instruction from the operator, i.e. without further ado can also be carried out by the test person.
  • the monitor in the watch indicates contact with the charging station 39 the functional elements readout control 40 and Reset and erase control 41 for reading out and erasing of the memory 8, a timer synchronization unit 42 for synchronization of the monitor timer 9 and a battery charger 43 on the monitor's battery contains and recharging this battery serves.
  • the data transmission is preferably serial.
  • the synchronization of clock 9 is necessary because of the 200 ms divisions of the 1 second samples exactly in time with the Samples in the transmitter must be correlated, which also with problems with a quartz time base for days can.
  • the temperature the temperature dependence becomes for each monitor of the timer 9 determined and stored.
  • the time deviation can be determined by the influence of temperature and corrected, giving an accuracy of ⁇ 200 ms Gait errors can be achieved per week.
  • Personal identification 45 is fixed as the identifier of the carrier. Conceivable However, it is also necessary to provide several identifiers under which are selected by the controls of the watch can.
  • the "applied" detector 46 is used to automatically determine whether the clock, d. H. the monitor, from the test person is created and thus the audio samples also the listening impression corresponds to the person. As a secondary function, if not created Watch the hearing monitoring can also be turned off, for. B. at night.
  • the detector 46 can be inductive or capacitive Be executed, for example, on the closeness to the body of the test person or the state of the Bracelets (open / closed) appeals.
  • the attention button 47 is used to increase phases Have the examiner manually mark attention can.
  • the Final storage takes place on a data medium of large capacity as usual in computer technology, e.g. B. based of magnetic tapes.
  • the portable, automatic operation necessary functions like that Interface units to the charging and synchronization station, attention button, "Applied" sensor etc.
  • the invention can also be used to determine subscriber behavior for others that have an acoustic component Use broadcast types, such as B. television.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Procédé d'identification d'une impression d'écoute perçue par un auditeur, préférablement d'un programme radiophonique ou télévisé, caractérisé en ce que des échantillons d'écoute sont enregistrés dans l'environnement de l'auditeur et mémorisés, et que l'enregistrement des échantillons d'écoute est effectué à des moments déterminés et/ou des informations sur le moment de l'enregistrement sont mémorisées avec l'échantillon d'écoute, le signal enregistré étant numérisé, une compression aboutissant à un débit de données inférieur ou égal à 100 octets/Min. étant effectuée, et le signal comprimé étant mémorisé dans un dispositif de mémoire (8) exempt de pièces mécaniquement mobiles intervenant dans la fonction de mémorisation, de sorte que lesdites étapes du procédé sont réalisables par un appareil porté de manière discrète par l'auditeur.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ce sont des programmes radiophoniques perçus par un auditeur qui sont déterminés.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les échantillons d'écoute sont obtenus en enregistrant à des moments déterminés des signaux acoustiques (11) avec ou sans bruits d'environnement pendant un intervalle d'enregistrement, ledit intervalle d'enregistrement étant substantiellement plus court que le temps entre deux moments d'enregistrement, et que la durée d'enregistrement est comprise entre 0,1 s et 10 s, préférablement entre 0,5 et 2 s.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'intervalle d'enregistrement est divisé en intervalles partiels, et que les données des échantillons d'écoute relatifs à ces intervalles partiels sont déterminées et mémorisées indépendamment les unes des autres..
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'une bande de fréquences d'environ 100 s-1 à 4000 s-1, préférablement d'environ 300 s-1 à 3000 s-1, ou une gamme partielle de ladite bande, est extraite de l'échantillon d'écoute par filtrage.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le signal enregistré est soumis à une transformation, plus particulièrement à une transformation de Fourier, Fourier rapide ou de Laplace.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'enregistrement est effectué sur des mémoires à semiconducteurs non volatiles ou tamponnées par batterie, plus particulièrement des mémoires fixes effaçables par commande électrique.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un codage, plus particulièrement un codage non réversible, est appliqué au signal numérisé avant la mémorisation.
  9. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins les composantes suivantes, connectées l'une à l'autre par leurs sorties resp. entrées dans l'ordre indiqué: un microphone (1); au moins un composant (1, 15) permettant d'extraire une bande de fréquences; un convertisseur analogique-numérique (2); une unité de traitement (5, 6, 7; 5, 32, 6) des données numérisées, comprenant en particulier un processeur capable d'effectuer ledit traitement sous la commande d'un programme, l'unité de traitement appliquant au moins une procédure de compression aux données numérisées, de sorte que les données numérisées sont disponibles à sa sortie à un débit inférieur ou égal à 100 octets/Min, ainsi qu'une mémoire (8) non volatile pour les données numérisées et comprimées, ladite mémoire (8) étant exempte de parties mécaniques mobiles intervenant dans la procédure de mémorisation et étant plus particulièrement une mémoire à semiconducteurs non volatile ou tamponnée par batterie, en ce qu'il comprend une unité horloge (9) afin de déterminer le moment de l'enregistrement des échantillons d'écoute, et en ce que le dispositif présente une structure si petite et légère qu'elle est discrètement portable par une personne, plus particulièrement sous forme d'une montre-bracelet, d'un clip ou d'une carte de chèque.
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la mémoire non volatile est une mémoire fixe à semiconducteurs effaçable par commande électrique, préférablement du type FLASH-EPROM.
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que l'unité horloge (9) comporte une base de temps absolue pouvant être ajustée, par l'intermédiaire d'une unité de synchronisation (39), à une base de temps de référence, et que la base de temps absolue est pourvue d'au moins une unité de correction pour des déviations temporelles dues à des variations de température, ladite unité de correction répondant à la température dans l'environnement de la base de temps.
  12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'unité horloge (9) comporte un récepteur et décodeur pour signaux de temps standard.
  13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 9 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif est portable par la personne d'essai et comporte un capteur (46) capacitif ou inductif permettant de générer un signal indiquant que le dispositif est porté par la personne.
  14. Installation comprenant un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 9 à 12, caractérisé en ce que ladite installation comporte un deuxième microphone, plus particulièrement un microphone à bruit d'impact, fixé à un haut-parleur d'un récepteur radio ou de télévision, en ce qu'un émetteur est relié audit deuxième microphone lequel émetteur par radio le signal enregistré par ledit deuxième microphone, et en ce que le dispositif comporte un récepteur pour ce signal.
  15. Procédé d'investigation du comportement d'auditeurs ou téléspectateurs, caractérisé en ce que des échantillons d'écoute sont recueillis selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, que des échantillons de programme d'au moins un programme radiophonique ou télévisé sont générés et enregistrés qui recouvrent au moins partiellement lesdits échantillons d'écoute dans le temps, les échantillons d'écoute et les échantillons de programme étant soumis aux mêmes étapes de traitement entre l'enregistrement et la mémorisation, et que les échantillons d'écoute et les échantillons de programme correspondants dans le temps sont mis en corrélation à un moment ultérieur, un résultat positif de la corrélation signalant une concordance entre le programme saisi par les échantillons d'écoute et celui saisi par les échantillons de programme.
  16. Procédé selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les échantillons de programme sont soumis avant la mémorisation à une première série d'étapes de traitement, et entre la lecture du support mémoire et la corrélation à des étapes de traitement supplémentaires, plus particulièrement à un codage, afin de conditionner les échantillons de programme pour la corrélation avec les échantillons d'écoute.
EP93810791A 1992-11-19 1993-11-15 Méthode et appareil pour évaluer le comportement des auditeurs de radiodiffusion Expired - Lifetime EP0598682B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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CH355292 1992-11-19
CH355292 1992-11-19
CH3552/92 1992-11-19

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EP0598682A1 EP0598682A1 (fr) 1994-05-25
EP0598682B1 true EP0598682B1 (fr) 2003-07-09

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EP (1) EP0598682B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE244963T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59310346D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0598682T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2202308T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT598682E (fr)

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US7826385B2 (en) 2003-09-02 2010-11-02 Gfk Telecontrol Ag Method for the acceptance of devices, an arrangement which can be used for this purpose, and equipment
US8364491B2 (en) 2007-02-20 2013-01-29 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for characterizing media
US8369972B2 (en) 2007-11-12 2013-02-05 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to perform audio watermarking and watermark detection and extraction
US8457951B2 (en) 2008-01-29 2013-06-04 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for performing variable black length watermarking of media
US8458737B2 (en) 2007-05-02 2013-06-04 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for generating signatures
US8600531B2 (en) 2008-03-05 2013-12-03 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for generating signatures
US9015740B2 (en) 2005-12-12 2015-04-21 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Systems and methods to wirelessly meter audio/visual devices
US9124769B2 (en) 2008-10-31 2015-09-01 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to verify presentation of media content

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US8166497B2 (en) 2007-09-28 2012-04-24 The Nielsen Company (US) , LLC Methods and apparatus to collect media monitoring information
EP2209236A1 (fr) 2009-01-16 2010-07-21 GfK Telecontrol AG Dispositif pour collecter des données de mesure d'audience

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7826385B2 (en) 2003-09-02 2010-11-02 Gfk Telecontrol Ag Method for the acceptance of devices, an arrangement which can be used for this purpose, and equipment
US9015740B2 (en) 2005-12-12 2015-04-21 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Systems and methods to wirelessly meter audio/visual devices
US8364491B2 (en) 2007-02-20 2013-01-29 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for characterizing media
US8457972B2 (en) 2007-02-20 2013-06-04 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for characterizing media
US9136965B2 (en) 2007-05-02 2015-09-15 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for generating signatures
US8458737B2 (en) 2007-05-02 2013-06-04 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for generating signatures
US8369972B2 (en) 2007-11-12 2013-02-05 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to perform audio watermarking and watermark detection and extraction
US9460730B2 (en) 2007-11-12 2016-10-04 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to perform audio watermarking and watermark detection and extraction
US8457951B2 (en) 2008-01-29 2013-06-04 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for performing variable black length watermarking of media
US11557304B2 (en) 2008-01-29 2023-01-17 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for performing variable block length watermarking of media
US9326044B2 (en) 2008-03-05 2016-04-26 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for generating signatures
US8600531B2 (en) 2008-03-05 2013-12-03 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus for generating signatures
US9124769B2 (en) 2008-10-31 2015-09-01 The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc Methods and apparatus to verify presentation of media content

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DK0598682T3 (da) 2003-10-13
DE59310346D1 (de) 2003-08-14
ES2202308T3 (es) 2004-04-01
EP0598682A1 (fr) 1994-05-25
ATE244963T1 (de) 2003-07-15
PT598682E (pt) 2003-11-28

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