EP0590487A1 - Appareil pour mesurer la turbidité en milieu aqueux - Google Patents

Appareil pour mesurer la turbidité en milieu aqueux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0590487A1
EP0590487A1 EP93115244A EP93115244A EP0590487A1 EP 0590487 A1 EP0590487 A1 EP 0590487A1 EP 93115244 A EP93115244 A EP 93115244A EP 93115244 A EP93115244 A EP 93115244A EP 0590487 A1 EP0590487 A1 EP 0590487A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wiper arm
end plate
windows
measuring
diode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93115244A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0590487B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Dipl.-Chem. Seefeld
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Endress and Hauser Conducta GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Endress and Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft fuer Mess und Regeltechnik mbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Endress and Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft fuer Mess und Regeltechnik mbH and Co KG filed Critical Endress and Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft fuer Mess und Regeltechnik mbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0590487A1 publication Critical patent/EP0590487A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0590487B1 publication Critical patent/EP0590487B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/15—Preventing contamination of the components of the optical system or obstruction of the light path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
    • G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
    • G01N21/8507—Probe photometers, i.e. with optical measuring part dipped into fluid sample
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/15—Preventing contamination of the components of the optical system or obstruction of the light path
    • G01N2021/152—Scraping; Brushing; Moving band

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a device according to the preamble of claim 1, which is generally suitable for the detection of a primary signal due to its presence, influencing variables in analytical chemistry and is specifically directed to the area of turbidity measurement in aqueous measuring media.
  • Processes and devices which provide information about the water quality, i.e. specifically determine its turbidity, are known in a variety of forms, reference being generally made to the publication DIN 38 404 Part 2.
  • Turbidity in liquids arises from the presence of undissolved substances, the undissolved by those Turbidities produced by finely dispersed substances can be measured either by weakening the intensity of radiation passing through the liquid or the intensity of the scattered light caused by the turbidity, the scattering of the radiation being a property of liquids and being able to be used for measuring turbidity.
  • the following explanations as well as the special description of the invention are mainly concerned with such a scatter measurement, with the aim that the beam emanating from the optical transmitter and penetrating into the measuring medium, for example infrared radiation, interacts with the receiver beam, i.e. the beam direction, in which scattered Light reaches, for example, a receiving photodiode, including the refraction ratios at about 90 °.
  • the wavelength of the measuring radiation is usually 880 nm.
  • turbidity measuring devices usually couple the near infrared scattered light in and out with the aid of cylindrical glass prisms, in which the transmitter diode or the receiver diode are in turn in a suitable position.
  • the glass prisms are in turn embedded in an end plate of a usually tubular, ie cylindrical, sensor body, the end plate closing the cylindrical sensor body horizontally in the manner of a cap.
  • the glass prisms are in to achieve the desired 90 ° crossover of the transmit and receive beam the end plate positioned opposite each other at a predetermined angle, which is usually less than 90 °, so that, taking into account the refraction ratios during the media transition within the measuring medium, there is effectively a 90 ° angle between the transmission and reception beam.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, the device mentioned above, which is particularly suitable for measuring turbidity in aqueous measuring media, so that weakly and strongly scattering media can be measured with the same success and high sensor sensitivity, while at the same time being insensitive to dirt, mechanically compact and shock-protected sensor structure is reached.
  • the invention solves this problem with the features of claim 1 and has the advantage that with excellent sensitivity over the entire measuring range, safe handling and low maintenance is provided, the shock-protected sensor structure due to the inclined end plate in the tubular sensor structure being particularly important. Because of the inclination, the active components located in the end plate, such as windows for the receiving and transmitting prism, and in particular the wiper arm with its wiper axis, are reliably protected against shocks or the impact of the sensor when it is inserted into a measuring apparatus on the bottom thereof.
  • the special control for the wiper arm movement of the cleaning device ensures that the wiper arm can never stand above the windows for the transmitter and receiver diode, but always runs back to a predetermined rest position, which is preferred to avoid backscattering on the transmitter side in front of the transmitter diode or whose assigned transmission prism window is located, the transmission beam emerging to the opposite side.
  • the acute-angled shape of the tapered edge in the sensor head area not only serves to make it possible to install the actual tubular sensor body vertically in the usual way by using generally uncomplicated installation fittings (right-angled T-pieces), but also enables problem-free positioning in this way, that the end plate surface leeward, ie can be arranged on the side facing away from a possibly existing flow, so that larger contaminants are counteracted due to such an installation position.
  • the arrangement of the windows for the transmitting and receiving prism, which in turn contains the transmitting diode and the photodiode, is particularly advantageous in the lower half of the oblique end plate, so that there is optimal cleaning via the wiper arm and yet the impact protection effect from the oblique end plate is both affects the windows of the transmitting or receiving prism and, as already mentioned above, a particularly effective shock protection with respect to the wiper axis can be achieved.
  • a further embodiment of the invention consists in that the usually cylindrical prisms, which contain the transmitting LED and the receiving photodiode, are laterally flattened where they face each other, ie one side of the cylindrical prisms is ground off, so that to bring these closer together with their centers of higher radiation density, which is particularly advantageous with regard to the measuring method backs up itself. Due to such a prism shape, even reduced effective optical path lengths, which arise when high levels of turbidity are present, are proportionately better detected with the excitation and detection aperture, while the radiation density distributions achieved are at medium (40-1000 FTE) and at low (0 - 40 FTE) turbidity levels guarantee perfect illumination effects in the aperture area, for clear detection of even trace clouding (0 ... 0.2 FTE).
  • the underlying prismatic shape on the side compensates for annoying reabsorption effects when measuring media with turbidity levels greater than 2000 FTE are present.
  • the sensor can be used in a measuring range of 0.01 - 4000 FTE and higher, which can be demonstrated both technically and arithmetically, based on the effective penetration depths with weakly and strongly scattering media.
  • the basic idea of the present invention is to arrange the end plate at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the sensor body in a tubular sensor body for turbidity measurement in aqueous or other liquid measuring media, so that not only effective shock protection and, if desired, flow protection for the Windows of transmission and reception beam as well as for the wiper arm and its axle bearing result, but also with regard to the measuring function itself, advantages can be achieved, for example beads of air bubbles and a light trap constellation when installed in conventional pipelines or elsewhere.
  • the special type of side grinding of the two transmitting and receiving prisms, each containing the transmitting LED or the receiving photodiode, is also important, as is the type of design and mounting of the wiper arm axis and its actuation by a special motor drive.
  • the sensor body in the form of a partially shown, for example cylindrical tube with 10 and the end plate attached obliquely to the lower end of the tube is designated 11.
  • the end plate stores or can store essential parts of the cleaning device 12 for the windows for the optical measurement, which are located in the overlap area of a wiper arm 13, which is supported by an axis 14 passing through the end plate 11 and preferably supported in this.
  • a transmission window with 14 and a reception window with 15 is designated;
  • Transmitting and receiving windows can be openings in the end plate and usually consist of the end faces of transmitting and receiving prisms 14 'and 15' (see FIG. 4) embedded in the end plate 11, in which, in turn, an optical transmitter, Usually a light-emitting diode working in the infrared range and one Photodiode are on the receiving side.
  • the prisms 14 ', 15' serve to guide the radiation and are preferably designed and positioned as shown in a perspective view in Fig. 4, i.e. each of the prisms has a lateral flattening (instead of an otherwise customary circular configuration), this flattening, which can be obtained by grinding one side of the cylinder, being positioned in such a way that the flats face each other and the transmitting and receiving prism 14 ', 15 are located with their flattened, lower edges in the drawing plane of FIG. 4 at a close distance from one another, while the cylinder bodies are increasingly moving away from one another at an angle.
  • the radiation density distributions achieved with this configuration ensure excellently suitable illumination effects in the aperture range at medium (40 - 1000 FTE) and low (0 - 40 FTE) opacity levels, which also enable clear detection of trace cloudiness (0 ... 0.2 FTE) enable.
  • the apertures or windows for transmitting and receiving prisms 14 ', 15' are located in the one end plate half which is lower with respect to the inclination of the end plate 11, while the bearing and drive shaft 16 for the wiper arm 13 is arranged in the upper half of the end plate 11.
  • the inclined position of the end plate 11 enables the end plate components (window and cleaning device) to be positioned on the leeward side when there is or is a flow in the measuring medium, so that dirt deposits are avoided.
  • the inclined position of the end plate due to the inclined position of the end plate, air bubbles that emerge can easily roll off upward without the otherwise necessary bending of the entire sensor body being necessary.
  • Fig. 7 The representation of Fig. 7 can also be seen that in this way, so now possible vertical installation due to reflections measurement problems take care of themselves, because by the simple T-piece assembly with inclined sensor surface, the usual piping itself as a light trap for the Transmission beam A act after it has intersected with reception beam B.
  • the installation is made in such a way that one looks in the transverse direction to the pipe 18 carrying the medium to be measured on the inclined end plate, - it can be seen that the transmission beam A disappears in the longitudinal direction of the pipe 18 without possible disturbing reflections , against receiving beam B.
  • FIG. 3 which does not show the slanted position of the end plate and the wiper arm configuration to scale, reveals that the cleaning device comprises, in addition to the wiper arm 13 already mentioned and its bearing axis, a drive motor 19 which is mounted inside the sensor body 10 and is controlled in this way that the wiper arm 13 carries out a reciprocal movement, that is to say a reciprocating pivoting movement from a rest position shown in FIG. 2, in which it sweeps over the windows.
  • a sponge, a rubber lip, a rubber cushion or another cleaning pad 20 can be arranged where the lower surface of the wiper arm sweeps over the windows 14, 15.
  • the rest position of the wiper arm is oriented as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, i.e. outwardly adjacent to the transmission window 14, so that, as FIG. 1 clearly shows, the transmission beam A runs away from the wiper arm 13 in the other direction. In this way, reflections due to the wiper arm are avoided.
  • the driving of the driving electric motor 19 takes place in such a way that it is always ensured that the wiper arm during its swiveling movement sweeps over both windows 14, 15 until its rear edge, as shown in FIG. 2 at 13 ′, also lies outside the reception window 15.
  • the wiper arm then moves backwards again via the windows 14 and 15 to the position shown in FIG. 2, which can be, for example, 27 ° outside a horizontal center line of the end plate 11, this numerical value being not to be understood as limiting the invention .
  • a meaningful actuation including a reed relay switch, which is constructed as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6.
  • a DC motor 19 is provided for the movement of the wiper arm, since it can be reversed in its direction of rotation most easily by reversing the polarity of the supplied supply voltage. It goes without saying that other motors, for example universal motors, can also be used here if a comparable function is ensured by additional switching means, as explained below.
  • the actuating voltage which is reversed in its polarity and in this respect represents a kind of square-wave supply voltage, for the drive of the wiper arm is shown in the small diagram below FIG. 6 and in each case comprises period durations T which are dimensioned in such a way that that it is ensured that during a positive half-oscillation which is supplied at the input connection E, the supply voltage reaches the motor 19 via a series diode 22 which is polarized for positive voltages.
  • the motor then starts up and guides the wiper arm 13 over the two windows 14, 15 to a position in which the wiper arm is reliably outside the window orientations.
  • the supply voltage then switches over, the pulse duration T of a half-wave per se not being critical and only having to be ensured that it lasts so long that the wiper arm reaches a predetermined external reversal point.
  • the switch 23 Since the wiper arm is in its extended position when a negative supply voltage half-wave is present, the switch 23 is closed and the reversing of the motor 19 leads the wiper arm back to its starting position, in which the switch 23 opens as a reed contact. The engine then comes to a standstill.
  • the reed switch 23 is controlled by the wiper arm 13 itself, preferably by means of a small permanent bar magnet 24, which opens a reed relay 25, which forms the switch 23, opposite it in the rest position of the wiper arm, arranged in the end plate 11 or at another suitable location.
  • the wiper arm remains in its predetermined position by self-control and only starts a new wipe cycle again when positive half-wave supply voltage is again supplied to the motor via the polarity-oriented diode 22, which then also simultaneously Switch 23 of the read relay 25 is closed after startup.
  • FIG. 5 which may correspond to a section along the line VV of FIG. 3, shows finally, the inclined channels formed by correspondingly laterally cut prisms in the corresponding section of the end plate 11, which run downwards towards one another and form the windows 14 for the transmitting prism and 15 for the receiving prism in the end plate surface.
  • the transmit LED is designated in FIG. 5 with 25, the receive LED with 26 and a power control photodiode which is additionally provided with 27; this is located adjacent to the transmitter diode 25 and receives light from the transmitter diode via a smaller opening, so that the respective intensity of the transmitter diode can be included in the calculation of the turbidity measurement.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)
EP93115244A 1992-10-02 1993-09-22 Appareil pour mesurer la turbidité en milieu aqueux Expired - Lifetime EP0590487B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4233218A DE4233218C2 (de) 1992-10-02 1992-10-02 Vorrichtung zur Trübungsmessung in wäßrigen Meßmedien
DE4233218 1992-10-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0590487A1 true EP0590487A1 (fr) 1994-04-06
EP0590487B1 EP0590487B1 (fr) 1997-05-21

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EP93115244A Expired - Lifetime EP0590487B1 (fr) 1992-10-02 1993-09-22 Appareil pour mesurer la turbidité en milieu aqueux

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EP (1) EP0590487B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE153450T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4233218C2 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1816462A1 (fr) 2006-02-06 2007-08-08 Hach Lange GmbH Sonde immergée pour eaux usées
WO2012155893A1 (fr) * 2011-05-13 2012-11-22 Tomas Qvarfort Appareil de mesure nir
CN102861727A (zh) * 2011-07-04 2013-01-09 恩德莱斯和豪瑟尔测量及调节技术分析仪表两合公司 用于从传感器机身的端板清洁沉积物和增积物的设备和方法
WO2014189541A1 (fr) * 2013-05-21 2014-11-27 Aquionics, Inc. Dispositifs de diagnostic de fluide et procédés utilisant ceux-ci
EP2829864A1 (fr) * 2012-03-19 2015-01-28 Nabtesco Corporation Dispositif d'information d'état de rupture de réducteur de vitesse, système de machine avec fonction d'information d'état de rupture de réducteur de vitesse, et support ayant un programme d'information d'état de rupture de réducteur de vitesse enregistré dessus
CN112014285A (zh) * 2020-08-27 2020-12-01 苏州亿利安机电科技有限公司 直读式粉尘浓度测量仪的光路接头
DE102021110147A1 (de) 2021-04-21 2022-10-27 Endress+Hauser Conducta Gmbh+Co. Kg Reinigungseinheit für einen Sensor

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010016060A1 (de) * 2010-03-22 2011-09-22 Negele Messtechnik Gmbh Trübungsmessgerät
DE102012007864B4 (de) * 2012-04-19 2013-11-28 Hydrometer Gmbh Trübungssensor sowie Durchflusszähler für Fluid
DE102013103735A1 (de) 2013-04-15 2014-10-16 Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH + Co. KG Anordnung zur optischen Messung einer oder mehrerer physikalischer, chemischer und/oder biologischer Prozessgrößen eines Mediums
DE102017116019A1 (de) * 2017-07-17 2019-01-17 Iwis Antriebssysteme Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Schutz einer Sensorvorrichtung vor Verschmutzung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3714444A (en) * 1970-07-16 1973-01-30 Keene Corp Suspended solids analyzer
EP0017007A1 (fr) * 1979-03-31 1980-10-15 Desitek Design und Vertrieb technischer Geräte GmbH Dispositif de mesure de la turbidité, notamment de fluides
EP0337108A2 (fr) * 1988-04-11 1989-10-18 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Procédé et appareil d'obtention périodique de lectures exactes de l'opacité dans un courant de gaz d'échappement

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3507147A1 (de) * 1985-02-28 1986-09-04 Dr. Bruno Lange Gmbh, 1000 Berlin Verfahren und vorrichtung zum messen der sichttiefe waessriger loesungen
CH670513A5 (fr) * 1986-09-01 1989-06-15 Benno Perren
DE3719806A1 (de) * 1987-06-13 1988-12-22 Basf Ag Fiberoptischer sensor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3714444A (en) * 1970-07-16 1973-01-30 Keene Corp Suspended solids analyzer
EP0017007A1 (fr) * 1979-03-31 1980-10-15 Desitek Design und Vertrieb technischer Geräte GmbH Dispositif de mesure de la turbidité, notamment de fluides
EP0337108A2 (fr) * 1988-04-11 1989-10-18 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Procédé et appareil d'obtention périodique de lectures exactes de l'opacité dans un courant de gaz d'échappement

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1816462A1 (fr) 2006-02-06 2007-08-08 Hach Lange GmbH Sonde immergée pour eaux usées
WO2007090717A1 (fr) * 2006-02-06 2007-08-16 Hach Lange Gmbh Sonde immergée pour eaux usées
US8069706B2 (en) 2006-02-06 2011-12-06 Hach Lange Gmbh Waste water immersion probe
WO2012155893A1 (fr) * 2011-05-13 2012-11-22 Tomas Qvarfort Appareil de mesure nir
US9632019B2 (en) 2011-07-04 2017-04-25 Endress+Hauser Conducta Gmbh+Co. Kg Apparatus and method for cleaning deposits and accretions from an end plate of a sensor body
CN102861727A (zh) * 2011-07-04 2013-01-09 恩德莱斯和豪瑟尔测量及调节技术分析仪表两合公司 用于从传感器机身的端板清洁沉积物和增积物的设备和方法
EP2829864A1 (fr) * 2012-03-19 2015-01-28 Nabtesco Corporation Dispositif d'information d'état de rupture de réducteur de vitesse, système de machine avec fonction d'information d'état de rupture de réducteur de vitesse, et support ayant un programme d'information d'état de rupture de réducteur de vitesse enregistré dessus
EP2829864A4 (fr) * 2012-03-19 2016-03-16 Nabtesco Corp Dispositif d'information d'état de rupture de réducteur de vitesse, système de machine avec fonction d'information d'état de rupture de réducteur de vitesse, et support ayant un programme d'information d'état de rupture de réducteur de vitesse enregistré dessus
WO2014189541A1 (fr) * 2013-05-21 2014-11-27 Aquionics, Inc. Dispositifs de diagnostic de fluide et procédés utilisant ceux-ci
US8927922B2 (en) 2013-05-21 2015-01-06 Aquionics, Inc. Fluid diagnostic devices and methods of using the same
CN112014285A (zh) * 2020-08-27 2020-12-01 苏州亿利安机电科技有限公司 直读式粉尘浓度测量仪的光路接头
DE102021110147A1 (de) 2021-04-21 2022-10-27 Endress+Hauser Conducta Gmbh+Co. Kg Reinigungseinheit für einen Sensor
US12007558B2 (en) 2021-04-21 2024-06-11 Endress+Hauser Conducta Gmbh+Co. Kg Cleaning unit for a sensor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59306505D1 (de) 1997-06-26
EP0590487B1 (fr) 1997-05-21
DE4233218C2 (de) 1998-10-08
ATE153450T1 (de) 1997-06-15
DE4233218A1 (de) 1994-04-07

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