EP0588185A1 - Regenerative heat-exchanger and method of operating the heat-exchanger - Google Patents

Regenerative heat-exchanger and method of operating the heat-exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0588185A1
EP0588185A1 EP93114189A EP93114189A EP0588185A1 EP 0588185 A1 EP0588185 A1 EP 0588185A1 EP 93114189 A EP93114189 A EP 93114189A EP 93114189 A EP93114189 A EP 93114189A EP 0588185 A1 EP0588185 A1 EP 0588185A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
regenerative heat
chambers
rotor
seals
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EP93114189A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0588185B1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Dipl.Ing. Kritzler
Siegfried Dipl. Ing. Schlüter
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Apparatebau Rothemuehle Brandt and Kritzler GmbH
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Apparatebau Rothemuehle Brandt and Kritzler GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D19/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium
    • F28D19/04—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium using rigid bodies, e.g. mounted on a movable carrier
    • F28D19/047—Sealing means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a regenerative heat exchanger and a regenerative heat exchanger which has a rotating rotor which has radially and axially sealed storage masses.
  • the regenerative heat exchanger can be used for both air preheaters (Luvos) and gas preheaters (Gavos).
  • the exhaust gases are used in a regenerative heat exchanger to preheat the combustion air.
  • the nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in the exhaust gas can be largely reduced by, in this case, the storage masses of the regenerative air preheater being designed in whole or in part as catalytically active elements and, above all, ammonia being added as a reducing agent.
  • the NOx-containing exhaust gas is the flue gas from a furnace that flows through the regenerative heat exchanger at the end of a steam generator to preheat the combustion air.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method and a device which, in the case of a regenerative heat exchanger of the type mentioned at the outset, permit a high degree of tightness and largely prevent leakages.
  • the housing surrounding the rotor peripherally and the separation zones arranged radially between the heat-exchanging media are designed as barrier chambers (peripheral or radial chambers).
  • barrier chambers peripheral or radial chambers
  • peripheral seals arranged on the cold and hot end faces on the outer circumference of the rotor preferably designed as sealing strips with a length corresponding to the radian dimension of at least two storage mass chambers, delimit the peripheral chambers.
  • the radial seals arranged on both sides of the rotor in the separation zones fully cover at least one storage mass chamber.
  • the radial seals are thus adapted to the dimensions or the contour of a rotor chamber. While segmented, but essentially axially lying ring segments can be provided for the end circumferential seals, the radial seals are essentially strip-like, with a course widening at their outer ends; After placing the circumferential seals, the radial seals can be inserted flush between them. It can thus be achieved in an advantageous manner that the circumferential and the radial seals form a sealing surface lying in a common plane, seamlessly continuous at the joints or merging into one another.
  • the circumferential and radial seals are made elastic.
  • the seals are designed as axially lying, wide sealing strips, which easily adapt to the operational thermal expansion of the rotor. As is known, they are set fully automatically according to the respective operating state via a sensor control. Due to the elastic, resilient arrangement of the seals, the rotor can not block in the housing with larger temperature differences, as well as in the event of a malfunction, e.g. when the motor is at a standstill, possibly one-sided deformations cannot lead to blocking, so that the rotor can move out of any operating position can start again at any time.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides that the peripheral chambers are divided, i.e. have a rear and a front chamber in a regenerative heat exchanger with a vertical axis of rotation and a lower and in a regenerative heat exchanger with a horizontal axis of rotation.
  • cylindrical seals are placed around the rotor for subdivision.
  • the subdivided circumferential chambers advantageously allow the regenerative heat exchanger to be operated in such a way that it can be aspirated, blocked, blown out or sucked out at the respective sealing points in a targeted and appropriate manner in accordance with the local pressure conditions in the heat exchanger.
  • circumferential chambers that are not subdivided.
  • the double seals achieved radially according to the invention advantageously make it possible to connect either a suction device, for example a fan, or a sealing gas line to the blocking chambers and thus either generate a negative or positive pressure, and to connect a flushing gas line to the radial chambers.
  • a suction device for example a fan
  • a sealing gas line to the blocking chambers and thus either generate a negative or positive pressure
  • a flushing gas line to the radial chambers.
  • This offers the possibility of gap leaks in regenerative heat exchangers simple way to avoid partially or completely, for example by extraction or supply of sealing gas.
  • wear losses due to blowing can be minimized over the relevant radial areas.
  • each flushing process it is additionally achieved that each storage mass cell or chamber coming from the polluted raw gas sector is flushed with clean gas in the area of the radial double seal before it enters the clean gas sector.
  • All rotor seals can be fitted tightly to the rotor faces according to the respective operating conditions using mechanical devices.
  • the adjustments can be made manually or automatically; larger areas of the circumferential seals, whose radians should correspond to at least the arc length of two storage mass chambers, can be determined from individual actuation points.
  • levers can be used that extend from the actuation points to the individual connection points on the seals. The number of actuators can be reduced in this way. So that the actuation and pressure forces of the seals are as low as possible, the weights of the sealing plates or rings are balanced by counterweights via the existing lever linkage. Compared to adjusting springs, counterweights have the advantage that the reaction forces remain constant even with different sealing positions.
  • the regenerative heat exchanger 1 according to FIG. 1 has a rotor 3 rotating about a vertical axis of rotation 2, which has numerous storage mass cells or chambers 4 (cf. FIG. 2).
  • the regenerative heat exchanger 1 is turned in the direction of the arrow 5, i.e. from top to bottom of hot exhaust gas supplied by a steam generator, not shown, through a channel, while in countercurrent according to the direction of the arrow 6, clean gas or air is supplied to the storage mass chambers 4 heated by the exhaust gas.
  • the clean gas or air cools the storage mass chambers 4 and flows upwards, i.e. on the hot side 7 out of the heat exchanger 1.
  • ring-like circumferential seals 9 are placed on the rotor 3 on its outer circumference or edge, which are divided into segments and have an arc length 11 which correspond to a multiple of the arc length of a storage mass chamber 4 ( see Fig. 2);
  • the peripheral seals 9 consist of four quarter-circle rings closely joined at the joints.
  • the peripheral seals 9 create blocking or peripheral chambers 13 in the area between the housing 12 axially enclosing the rotor 3 and the rotor 3.
  • radial chambers 15 are formed in the separation zones 14 separating the two media streams 5 and 6 from one another, in that radial seals 16 are placed on the rotor 3 at the top and bottom in these zones; the radial seals 16 are essentially strip-shaped, with widening ends and are dimensioned such that they completely cover a storage mass chamber 4.
  • the media 5 or 6 flowing through the regenerative heat exchanger 1 in countercurrent are on each end face of the rotor, i.e. completely sealed on the hot as well as on the cold side 7 and 8; double seals are thus present in the heat exchanger in the radial extent of the rotor 3.
  • the radial seals 16 are dimensioned such that they can be fitted into the peripheral seals 9, bridging the diameter of the peripheral seals 9. All sealing surfaces resulting from the circumferential seals 9 and the radial seals 16 lie in one plane, i.e. there is no offset between them; in addition, they have no penetrations of drive and other actuating elements.
  • the circumferential seals 9 and the radial seals 16 are elastic, that is to say made resilient or pressed against the rotor.
  • An actuation point 17 is assigned to a larger area of the circumferential seals 9, from which levers 18 extend to the seals. It is thus possible to influence the entire circumferential seals 9 as far as necessary from a few actuation points 17.
  • adjusting springs 19 are arranged on the closed radial chambers 15 formed in the separation zones 14.
  • the peripheral chambers 13 are divided into an upper and a lower chamber 13a, 13b by an annular seal 21 placed around the jacket of the rotor 3.
  • a supply line 22 for an upper suction or extraction is arranged on the upper chamber 13a and a supply line 23 for a lower suction or extraction is arranged on the lower chamber 13b; the supply lines are used to minimize or prevent leakage.
  • the circumferential chambers 13 or 13a, 13b and the radial chambers 15 can namely be sucked off together or separately by a separate fan and thus kept at a negative pressure, or in the opposite way pressurized with purge or purge gas and brought to an excess pressure.
  • a leakage extraction for the barrier chamber and sealing system is shown in more detail; it consists of pipe connections 24, 25, via which a fan (not shown) in the direction of arrow 26 extracts leakages from the circumferential chamber 13, which in this case is not divided, and the lower radial chamber 15.
  • the regenerative heat exchanger 200 shown in FIG. 4 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 3 essentially only in that, via the pipe connections 24 and 25 in the opposite direction, that is to say according to the arrows 27, sealing or flushing gas into the peripheral chamber 13 or radial chamber 15 is introduced.
  • a pipeline 28 is also connected to the upper radial chamber 15, via which the introduced sealing or flushing gas can escape to the outside again after flowing through the sealing chamber and sealing system.

Abstract

In a regenerative heat exchanger with a rotating rotor having radially and axially sealed-off storage masses, a high degree of tightness is achieved and leakages are largely avoided if the housing (12) surrounding the rotor (3) axially and the separating zones (14) arranged radially between the heat-exchanging media are designed as blocking chambers (circumferential or radial chambers 13, 13a, 13b or 15). Such a regenerative heat exchanger allows an operating mode such that sucking off, blocking, blowing out or sucking in can take place at respective tight points in a controlled and appropriate manner in accordance with the pressure conditions prevailing locally in the heat exchanger. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Regenerativ-Wärmetauschers und einen Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher, der einen umlaufenden, radial und axial abgedichtete Speichermassen aufweisenden Rotor besitzt. Der Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher läßt sich sowohl für Luftvorwärmer (Luvos) als auch für Gasvorwärmer (Gavos) einsetzen.The invention relates to a method for operating a regenerative heat exchanger and a regenerative heat exchanger which has a rotating rotor which has radially and axially sealed storage masses. The regenerative heat exchanger can be used for both air preheaters (Luvos) and gas preheaters (Gavos).

Bei Kraftwerks- und Industriefeuerungsanlagen werden die Abgase in einem Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher zur Vorwärmung der Verbrennungsluft genutzt. Bei diesem Prozeß können bspw. die im Abgas enthaltenden Stickoxide (NOx) weitgehend reduziert werden, indem in diesem Fall die Speichermassen des Regenerativ-Luftvorwärmers ganz oder teilweise als katalytisch wirksame Elemente ausgeführt sind und vor allem Ammoniak als Reduktionsmittel zugegeben wird. In der Regel ist das NOx-haltige Abgas das Rauchgas einer Feuerung, das am Ende eines Dampferzeugers zur Vorwärmung der Verbrennungsluft den Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher durchströmt.In power plant and industrial combustion plants, the exhaust gases are used in a regenerative heat exchanger to preheat the combustion air. In this process, for example, the nitrogen oxides (NOx) contained in the exhaust gas can be largely reduced by, in this case, the storage masses of the regenerative air preheater being designed in whole or in part as catalytically active elements and, above all, ammonia being added as a reducing agent. As a rule, the NOx-containing exhaust gas is the flue gas from a furnace that flows through the regenerative heat exchanger at the end of a steam generator to preheat the combustion air.

Es entspricht dem Stand der Technik (vgl. den Prospekt "Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher" der Firma Lugat Aktiengesellschaft für Luft- und Gastechnik, Basel), daß bei Regenerativ-Wärmetauschern mit umlaufenden Speichermassen die Rotoren und damit die Rotor- bzw. Speichermassenkammern sowohl in radialer als auch in Umfangsrichtung abgedichtet sind, um den Übertritt von einem in das andere Medium, d.h. von Rohgas in das Reingas zu vermeiden. Bei Rotorabdichtungen mit rotierenden Heizflächen werden daher federnde Streifbleche eingesetzt. Diese sind an allen Radialwänden befestigt und so einjustiert, daß sie über die Radialholme des Wärmetauschergehäuses schleifen. Außerdem befinden sich Streifbleche im Umfangsbereich beider Rotorstirnseiten, die ebenfalls schleifend am Rotorgehäuse anliegen. Durch die Radialdichtungen werden die den Wärmetauscher durchströmenden Medien voneinander getrennt, und durch die Umfangsdichtungen lassen sich vornehmlich Bypaß-Strömungen vermeiden.It corresponds to the state of the art (cf. the brochure "Regenerative Heat Exchangers" from Lugat Aktiengesellschaft for Air and Gas Technology, Basel) that in the case of regenerative heat exchangers with rotating storage masses, the rotors and thus the rotor or storage mass chambers are sealed both in the radial and in the circumferential direction in order to avoid the transfer from one medium into the other, ie from raw gas into the clean gas. Resilient scraper plates are therefore used for rotor seals with rotating heating surfaces. These are attached to all radial walls and adjusted so that they slide over the radial spars of the heat exchanger housing. In addition, there are streak plates in the circumferential area of both rotor end faces, which also abut the rotor housing. The radial seals separate the media flowing through the heat exchanger, and the circumferential seals primarily prevent bypass flows.

Bei Anlagen zur Abgasreinigung bzw. Schadgasminderung sind die Anforderungen an die einzelnen Komponenten heutzutage sehr hoch. So wird bspw. für einen Wärmetauscher, der in einer Müllverbrennungsanlage das Abgas zur katalytischen Reinigung auf die nötige Reaktionstemperatur vorwärmt, ein Leckage-Wert von deutlich unter 0,3% gefordert, um Dioxin- und Furan-Emissionen zu vermeiden. Dabei hat es sich herausgestellt, daß bei den bekannten, federnden Dichtungssystemen bei einem Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher mit umlaufenden Speichermassen eine solche Forderung nicht erfüllt werden kann.The requirements for the individual components are very high these days in systems for exhaust gas purification or pollution gas reduction. For example, for a heat exchanger that preheats the exhaust gas in a waste incineration plant to the required reaction temperature for catalytic cleaning, a leakage value of well below 0.3% is required in order to avoid dioxin and furan emissions. It has been found that such a requirement cannot be met in the known, resilient sealing systems in a regenerative heat exchanger with circulating storage masses.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, die bei einem Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher der eingangs genannten Art einen hohen Dichtheitsgrad erlauben und Leckagen weitestgehend vermeiden.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method and a device which, in the case of a regenerative heat exchanger of the type mentioned at the outset, permit a high degree of tightness and largely prevent leakages.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß das den Rotor peripher umschließende Gehäuse und die radial zwischen den wärmetauschenden Medien angeordneten Trennzonen als Sperrkammern (Umfangs- bzw. Radialkammern) ausgebildet sind. Mit dem somit erreichten Sperrkammersystem läßt sich ein direkter Kontakt bzw. ein Übertritt der wärmetauschenden Medien von dem einen zu dem anderen vermeiden, denn die beiden Durchströmungsbereiche sind am Ein- und Austritt, d.h. beidseitig des Rotors, ringsum abgedichtet und durch eine Sperrkammer voneinander getrennt. Mit dieser Art der Rotorabdichtung wird vermieden, daß das Medium mit dem höheren Druck direkt zum Medium mit dem geringeren Druck übertritt; Spaltleckagen sammeln sich vielmehr zunächst im Wärmetauschergehäuse und strömen erst dann von da aus über die nächsten Dichtungen in die Bereiche mit geringeren Drücken ab. Die strömenden Medien sind an jeder Rotorstirnseite in sich völlig abgedichtet, und im Wärmetauscher liegen in radialer Richtung an allen Stellen Doppeldichtungen vor.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the housing surrounding the rotor peripherally and the separation zones arranged radially between the heat-exchanging media are designed as barrier chambers (peripheral or radial chambers). With the barrier chamber system thus achieved, direct contact or transfer of the heat-exchanging media from one to the other can be avoided, since the two flow areas are at the inlet and outlet, ie on both sides of the rotor, sealed all around and separated from each other by a barrier chamber. With this type of rotor seal it is avoided that the medium with the higher pressure passes directly to the medium with the lower pressure; Rather, gap leaks initially collect in the heat exchanger housing and only then flow from there via the next seals into the areas with lower pressures. The flowing media are completely sealed on each end of the rotor and there are double seals in all directions in the radial direction of the heat exchanger.

Es wird vorgeschlagen, daß an der kalten und der heißen Stirnseite am äußeren Umfang des Rotors angeordnete, vorzugsweise als Dichtleisten mit einer dem Bogenmaß von mindestens zwei Speichermassenkammern entsprechenden Länge ausgebildete Umfangsdichtungen die Umfangskammern begrenzen.It is proposed that peripheral seals arranged on the cold and hot end faces on the outer circumference of the rotor, preferably designed as sealing strips with a length corresponding to the radian dimension of at least two storage mass chambers, delimit the peripheral chambers.

Es wird vorgeschlagen, daß die beidseitig des Rotors in den Trennzonen angeordneten Radialdichtungen jeweils mindestens eine Speichermassenkammer voll abdecken. Die Radialdichtungen sind somit an die Abmessungen bzw. die Kontur einer Rotorkammer angepaßt. Während sich für die stirnseitigen Umfangsdichtungen zwar segmentierte, jedoch im wesentlichen axial aufliegende Ringsegmente vorsehen lassen, sind die Radialdichtungen im wesentlichen streifenartig, mit einem sich an ihren außenliegenden Enden weitenden Verlauf ausgebildet; nach dem Auflegen der Umfangsdichtungen lassen sich die Radialdichtungen bündig zwischen diese einfügen. Es läßt sich damit in vorteilhafter Weise erreichen, daß die Umfangs- und die Radialdichtungen eine in einer gemeinsamen Ebene liegende, an den Stoßstellen lückenlos durchgehende bzw. ineinander übergehende Dichtfläche bilden.It is proposed that the radial seals arranged on both sides of the rotor in the separation zones fully cover at least one storage mass chamber. The radial seals are thus adapted to the dimensions or the contour of a rotor chamber. While segmented, but essentially axially lying ring segments can be provided for the end circumferential seals, the radial seals are essentially strip-like, with a course widening at their outer ends; After placing the circumferential seals, the radial seals can be inserted flush between them. It can thus be achieved in an advantageous manner that the circumferential and the radial seals form a sealing surface lying in a common plane, seamlessly continuous at the joints or merging into one another.

Nach einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Umfangs- und die Radialdichtungen elastisch angestellt sind. Die Dichtungen sind hierbei im Unterschied zu den bekannten federnden Blechlamellendichtungen als axial aufliegende, breite Dichtleisten ausgebildet, die sich der betriebsbedingten Wärmeausdehnung des Rotors problemlos anpassen. Sie werden dem jeweiligen Betriebszustand folgend über eine Sensorsteuerung, wie bekannt, vollautomatisch eingestellt. Aufgrund der elastischen, federnd nachgiebigen Anordnung der Abdichtungen kann der Rotor bei größeren Temperaturunterschieden nicht im Gehäuse blockieren, wie auch im Störfall, bspw. bei Stillstand des Motors, eventuell einseitige Verformungen zu keinem Blockieren führen können, so daß sich der Rotor aus jeder Betriebsposition heraus jederzeit wieder anfahren läßt.According to one embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the circumferential and radial seals are made elastic. In contrast to the known resilient sheet metal lamellar seals, the seals are designed as axially lying, wide sealing strips, which easily adapt to the operational thermal expansion of the rotor. As is known, they are set fully automatically according to the respective operating state via a sensor control. Due to the elastic, resilient arrangement of the seals, the rotor can not block in the housing with larger temperature differences, as well as in the event of a malfunction, e.g. when the motor is at a standstill, possibly one-sided deformations cannot lead to blocking, so that the rotor can move out of any operating position can start again at any time.

Eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, daß die Umfangskammern unterteilt sind, h.h. bei einem Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher mit vertikaler Drehachse eine obere und eine untere bzw. bei einem Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher mit einer horizontalen Drehachse eine hintere und eine vordere Kammer aufweisen. Im Bereich der beiden Kammern sind zur Unterteilung zylindrische Dichtungen um den Rotor gelegt. Die unterteilten Umfangskammern erlauben in vorteilhafter Weise eine Betriebsweise des Regenerativ-Wärmetauschers, bei der gezielt und angemessen den örtlich im Wärmetauscher gegebenen Druckverhältnissen entsprechend an den jeweiligen Dichtstellen abgesaugt, gesperrt, ausgeblasen oder ausgesaugt werden kann. Eine solche Betriebsweise ist allerdings auch bei nicht unterteilten Umfangskammern möglich.An embodiment of the invention provides that the peripheral chambers are divided, i.e. have a rear and a front chamber in a regenerative heat exchanger with a vertical axis of rotation and a lower and in a regenerative heat exchanger with a horizontal axis of rotation. In the area of the two chambers, cylindrical seals are placed around the rotor for subdivision. The subdivided circumferential chambers advantageously allow the regenerative heat exchanger to be operated in such a way that it can be aspirated, blocked, blown out or sucked out at the respective sealing points in a targeted and appropriate manner in accordance with the local pressure conditions in the heat exchanger. However, such an operation is also possible with circumferential chambers that are not subdivided.

Die erfindungsgemäß radial erreichten Doppeldichtungen erlauben es in vorteilhafter Weise, an die Sperrkammern entweder eine Absaugung, z.B. einen Ventilator, oder eine Sperrgasleitung anzuschließen und damit entweder einen Unter- oder einen Überdruck zu erzeugen, sowie an die Radialkammern eine Spülgaszuleitung anzuschließen. Das bietet die Möglichkeit, Spaltleckagen in Regenerativ-Wärmetauschern auf einfache Art und Weise gezielt teilweise oder auch völlig zu vermeiden, z.B. durch Absaugung oder Zuführung von Sperrgas. Außerdem können über die betreffenden Radialbereiche Schleißverluste durch Ausblasen minimiert werden. Schließlich wird mit jedem Spülvorgang zusätzlich erreicht, daß jede Speichermassenzelle bzw. -kammer vom schadstoffbeladenen Rohgassektor kommend im Bereich der radialen Doppeldichtung mit sauberem Gas ausgespült wird, bevor sie in den Reingassektor eintritt.The double seals achieved radially according to the invention advantageously make it possible to connect either a suction device, for example a fan, or a sealing gas line to the blocking chambers and thus either generate a negative or positive pressure, and to connect a flushing gas line to the radial chambers. This offers the possibility of gap leaks in regenerative heat exchangers simple way to avoid partially or completely, for example by extraction or supply of sealing gas. In addition, wear losses due to blowing can be minimized over the relevant radial areas. Finally, with each flushing process it is additionally achieved that each storage mass cell or chamber coming from the polluted raw gas sector is flushed with clean gas in the area of the radial double seal before it enters the clean gas sector.

Sämtliche Rotor-Abdichtungen lassen sich mit mechanischen Vorrichtungen den jeweiligen Betriebsverhältnissen entsprechend an die Rotorstirnflächen dicht anlegen. Die Verstellungen können von Hand oder auch automatisch durchgeführt werden; dabei lassen sich größere Bereiche der Umfangsdichtungen, deren Bogenmaß mindestens der Bogenlänge von zwei Speichermassenkammern entsprechen sollte, von einzelnen Betätigungspunkten aus feststellen. Zur Betätigung lassen sich Hebel einsetzen, die von den Betätigungspunkten aus zu den einzelnen Verbindungsstellen an den Dichtungen reichen. Die Anzahl der Betätigungsvorrichtungen läßt sich auf diese Weise verringern. Damit die Betätigungs- und Andruckkräfte der Dichtungen möglichst gering sind, werden die Gewichte der Dichtplatten bzw. -ringe durch Gegengewichte über die vorhandenen Hebelgestänge ausgeglichen. Gegenüber Anstellfedern haben Gegengewichte den Vorteil, daß die Reaktionskräfte auch bei unterschiedlichen Abdichtungspositionen konstant bleiben.All rotor seals can be fitted tightly to the rotor faces according to the respective operating conditions using mechanical devices. The adjustments can be made manually or automatically; larger areas of the circumferential seals, whose radians should correspond to at least the arc length of two storage mass chambers, can be determined from individual actuation points. For actuation, levers can be used that extend from the actuation points to the individual connection points on the seals. The number of actuators can be reduced in this way. So that the actuation and pressure forces of the seals are as low as possible, the weights of the sealing plates or rings are balanced by counterweights via the existing lever linkage. Compared to adjusting springs, counterweights have the advantage that the reaction forces remain constant even with different sealing positions.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der einige Ausführungsbeispiele des Gegenstandes der Erfindung näher erläutert sind. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
den Querschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Regenerativ-Wärmetauschers mit umlaufenden Speichermassen, schematisch dargestellt;
Figur 2
den Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher gemäß Fig. 1 entlang der Linie II-II geschnitten;
Figur 3
in teilweise geschnittener Darstellung die Vorderansicht eines Regenerativ-Wärmetauschers mit einer angeschlossenen Leckage-Absaugung; und
Figur 4
in teilweise geschnittener Darstellung die Vorderansicht eines Regenerativ-Wärmetauschers mit einem Sperrgasanschluß.
Further features and advantages of the invention result from the claims and the following description, in which some exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are explained in more detail. Show it:
Figure 1
the cross section of a regenerative heat exchanger according to the invention with circulating storage masses, shown schematically;
Figure 2
the regenerative heat exchanger of Figure 1 cut along the line II-II.
Figure 3
in a partially sectioned view the front view of a regenerative heat exchanger with a connected leakage extraction; and
Figure 4
in a partially sectioned view the front view of a regenerative heat exchanger with a sealing gas connection.

Der Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher 1 gemäß Fig. 1 besitzt einen um eine vertikale Drehachse 2 rotierenden Rotor 3, der zahlreiche Speichermassenzellen bzw. -kammern 4 (vgl. Fig. 2) aufweist. Der Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher 1 wird gemäß Pfeilrichtung 5, d.h. von oben nach unten von heißem, von einem nicht dargestellten Dampferzeuger über einen Kanal zugeführtes Abgas durchströmt, während im Gegenstrom gemäß Pfeilrichtung 6 Reingas oder Luft, den von dem Abgas aufgeheizten Speichermassenkammern 4 zugeführt wird. Das Reingas bzw. die Luft kühlt die Speichermassenkammern 4 ab und strömt oben, d.h. an der heißen Seite 7 aus dem Wärmetauscher 1 heraus.The regenerative heat exchanger 1 according to FIG. 1 has a rotor 3 rotating about a vertical axis of rotation 2, which has numerous storage mass cells or chambers 4 (cf. FIG. 2). The regenerative heat exchanger 1 is turned in the direction of the arrow 5, i.e. from top to bottom of hot exhaust gas supplied by a steam generator, not shown, through a channel, while in countercurrent according to the direction of the arrow 6, clean gas or air is supplied to the storage mass chambers 4 heated by the exhaust gas. The clean gas or air cools the storage mass chambers 4 and flows upwards, i.e. on the hot side 7 out of the heat exchanger 1.

Sowohl an der heißen Seite 7 als auch an der kalten Seite 8 sind auf den Rotor 3 an dessen äußerem Umfang bzw. Rand ringartige Umfangsdichtungen 9 aufgelegt, die segmentartig unterteilt sind und eine Bogenlänge 11 aufweisen, die ein Mehrfaches der Bogenlänge einer Speichermassenkammer 4 entsprechen (vgl. Fig. 2); in dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten Beispiel bestehen die Umfangsdichtungen 9 aus vier an den Stoßstellen eng aneinandergefügten Viertelkreisringen. Die Umfangsdichtungen 9 schaffen in dem Bereich zwischen dem das den Rotor 3 axial umschließende Gehäuse 12 und dem Rotor 3 Sperr- bzw. Umfangskammern 13.Both on the hot side 7 and on the cold side 8, ring-like circumferential seals 9 are placed on the rotor 3 on its outer circumference or edge, which are divided into segments and have an arc length 11 which correspond to a multiple of the arc length of a storage mass chamber 4 ( see Fig. 2); In the example shown in Fig. 2, the peripheral seals 9 consist of four quarter-circle rings closely joined at the joints. The peripheral seals 9 create blocking or peripheral chambers 13 in the area between the housing 12 axially enclosing the rotor 3 and the rotor 3.

Weiterhin sind in den die beiden Medienströme 5 bzw. 6 voneinander trennenden Trennzonen 14 Radialkammern 15 (vgl. Fig. 1) ausgebildet, indem in diesen Zonen Radialdichtungen 16 jeweils oben und unten auf den Rotor 3 aufgelegt sind; die Radialdichtungen 16 sind im wesentlichen streifenförmig, mit sich weitenden Enden ausgebildet und so bemessen, daß sie eine Speichermassenkammer 4 völlig abdecken. Auf diese Weise sind die den Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher 1 im Gegenstrom durchströmenden Medien 5 bzw. 6 auf jeder Rotorstirnseite, d.h. sowohl an der heißen als auch an der kalten Seite 7 bzw. 8 in sich völlig abgedichtet; im Wärmetauscher liegen in der radialen Erstreckung des Rotors 3 somit Doppeldichtungen vor. Die Radialdichtungen 16 sind so bemessen, daß sie sich - den Durchmesser der Umfangsdichtungen 9 überbrückend - in die Umfangsdichtungen 9 einpassen lassen. Sämtliche aufgrund der Umfangsdichtungen 9 und der Radialdichtungen 16 entstehenden Dichtflächen liegen in einer Ebene, d.h. es liegt kein Versatz zwischen ihnen vor; außerdem besitzen sie keinerlei Durchdringungen von Antriebs- und sonstigen Betätigungselementen.Furthermore, radial chambers 15 (cf. FIG. 1) are formed in the separation zones 14 separating the two media streams 5 and 6 from one another, in that radial seals 16 are placed on the rotor 3 at the top and bottom in these zones; the radial seals 16 are essentially strip-shaped, with widening ends and are dimensioned such that they completely cover a storage mass chamber 4. In this way, the media 5 or 6 flowing through the regenerative heat exchanger 1 in countercurrent are on each end face of the rotor, i.e. completely sealed on the hot as well as on the cold side 7 and 8; double seals are thus present in the heat exchanger in the radial extent of the rotor 3. The radial seals 16 are dimensioned such that they can be fitted into the peripheral seals 9, bridging the diameter of the peripheral seals 9. All sealing surfaces resulting from the circumferential seals 9 and the radial seals 16 lie in one plane, i.e. there is no offset between them; in addition, they have no penetrations of drive and other actuating elements.

Die Umfangsdichtungen 9 und die Radialdichtungen 16 sind elastisch, d.h. nachgiebig federnd angestellt bzw. an den Rotor angedrückt. Zu diesem Zweck sind für die Umfangsdichtungen 9 sowohl an der heißen als auch an der kalten Seite 7 bzw. 8 des Rotors 3 mehrereBetätigungspunkte 17 für den manuellen oder vollautomatischen Betrieb vorhanden; jeweils einem größeren Bereich der Umfangsdichtungen 9 ist dabei ein Betätigungspunkt 17 zugeordnet, von dem aus sich Hebel 18 zu den Dichtungen erstrecken. Damit ist es möglich, von wenigen Betätigungspunkten 17 aus die gesamten Umfangsdichtungen 9 soweit wie nötig zu beeinflussen. Zum Andrücken der Radialdichtungen 16 sind an den in den Trennzonen 14 ausgebildeten, geschlossenen Radialkammern 15 Anstellfedern 19 (vgl. Fig. 1) angeordnet.The circumferential seals 9 and the radial seals 16 are elastic, that is to say made resilient or pressed against the rotor. For this purpose, there are several operating points 17 for manual or fully automatic operation for the peripheral seals 9 on both the hot and cold sides 7 and 8 of the rotor 3; An actuation point 17 is assigned to a larger area of the circumferential seals 9, from which levers 18 extend to the seals. It is thus possible to influence the entire circumferential seals 9 as far as necessary from a few actuation points 17. In order to press the radial seals 16, adjusting springs 19 (see FIG. 1) are arranged on the closed radial chambers 15 formed in the separation zones 14.

Bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher 1 sind die Umfangskammern 13 durch eine um den Mantel des Rotors 3 gelegte Ringdichtung 21 in eine obere und eine untere Kammer 13a, 13b unterteilt. An die obere Kammer 13a ist eine Zuleitung 22 für eine obere Absaugung bzw. Abdrückung und an die untere Kammer 13b ist eine Zuleitung 23 für eine untere Absaugung bzw. Abdrückung angeordnet; die Zuleitungen dienen zur Leckage-Minimierung bzw. -Vermeidung. Die Umfangskammern 13 bzw. 13a, 13b und die Radialkammern 15 lassen sich nämlich gemeinsam oder getrennt über einen separaten Ventilator absaugen und damit auf einem Unterdruck halten, oder in umgekehrter Weise mit Sperr- oder Spülgas beaufschlagen und auf einen Überdruck bringen.In the regenerative heat exchanger 1 shown in FIG. 1, the peripheral chambers 13 are divided into an upper and a lower chamber 13a, 13b by an annular seal 21 placed around the jacket of the rotor 3. A supply line 22 for an upper suction or extraction is arranged on the upper chamber 13a and a supply line 23 for a lower suction or extraction is arranged on the lower chamber 13b; the supply lines are used to minimize or prevent leakage. The circumferential chambers 13 or 13a, 13b and the radial chambers 15 can namely be sucked off together or separately by a separate fan and thus kept at a negative pressure, or in the opposite way pressurized with purge or purge gas and brought to an excess pressure.

Bei der Ausführung eines Regenerativ-Wärmetauschers 100 nach Fig. 3 ist eine Leckage-Absaugung für das Sperrkammer- und Dichtungssystem genauer dargestellt; sie besteht aus Rohranschlüssen 24, 25, über die ein nicht dargestellter Ventilator in Pfeilrichtung 26 Leckagen aus der in diesem Fall nicht unterteilten Umfangskammer 13 und der unteren Radialkammer 15 absaugt.In the embodiment of a regenerative heat exchanger 100 according to FIG. 3, a leakage extraction for the barrier chamber and sealing system is shown in more detail; it consists of pipe connections 24, 25, via which a fan (not shown) in the direction of arrow 26 extracts leakages from the circumferential chamber 13, which in this case is not divided, and the lower radial chamber 15.

Der in Fig. 4 dargestellte Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher 200 unterscheidet sich von der Ausführung nach Fig. 3 im wesentlichen lediglich dadurch, daß über die Rohranschlüsse 24 bzw. 25 in umgekehrter Richtung, d.h. gemäß den Pfeilen 27 Sperr- bzw. Spülgas in die Umfangskammer 13 bzw. Radialkammer 15 eingebracht wird. Außerdem ist noch eine Rohrleitung 28 an die obere Radialkammer 15 angeschlossen, über die das eingeleitete Sperr- bzw. Spülgas nach dem Durchströmen des Sperrkammer- und Dichtungssystems wieder nach außen austreten kann.The regenerative heat exchanger 200 shown in FIG. 4 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 3 essentially only in that, via the pipe connections 24 and 25 in the opposite direction, that is to say according to the arrows 27, sealing or flushing gas into the peripheral chamber 13 or radial chamber 15 is introduced. In addition, a pipeline 28 is also connected to the upper radial chamber 15, via which the introduced sealing or flushing gas can escape to the outside again after flowing through the sealing chamber and sealing system.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

1, 100, 2001, 100, 200
Regenerativ-WärmetauscherRegenerative heat exchanger
22nd
DrehachseAxis of rotation
33rd
Rotorrotor
44th
SpeichermassenkammerStorage chamber
55
PfeilrichtungArrow direction
66
PfeilrichtungArrow direction
77
heiße Seitehot side
88th
kalte Seitecold side
99
UmfangsdichtungCircumferential seal
1010th
1111
BogenlängeArc length
1212th
Gehäusecasing
13, 13a, 13b13, 13a, 13b
SperrkammerLock chamber
1414
TrennzoneSeparation zone
1515
RadialkammerRadial chamber
1616
RadialdichtungRadial seal
1717th
BefestigungspunktAttachment point
1818th
Hebellever
1919th
AnstellfederAdjusting spring
2020th
2121
RingdichtungRing seal
2222
ZuleitungSupply
2323
ZuleitungSupply
2424th
RohranschlußPipe connection
2525th
RohranschlußPipe connection
2626
PfeilrichtungArrow direction
2727
Pfeilarrow
2828
RohrleitungPipeline

Claims (12)

Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher mit einem umlaufenden, radial und axial abgedichtete Speichermassen aufweisenden Rotor,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das den Rotor (3) peripher umschließende Gehäuse (12) und die radial zwischen den wärmetauschenden Medien angeordneten Trennzonen (14) als Sperrkammern (Umfangs- bzw. Radialkammern 13; 13a, 13b bzw. 15) ausgebildet sind.Regenerative heat exchanger with a rotating rotor with radially and axially sealed storage masses,
characterized,
that the housing (12) surrounding the rotor (3) peripherally and the separating zones (14) arranged radially between the heat-exchanging media are designed as barrier chambers (peripheral or radial chambers 13; 13a, 13b or 15). Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß an der kalten und der heißen Stirnseite (7, 8) am äußeren Umfang des Rotors (3) angeordnete Umfangsdichtungen (9) die Umfangskammern (13; 13a, 13b) begrenzen.Regenerative heat exchanger according to claim 1,
characterized,
that circumferential seals (9) on the cold and hot end faces (7, 8) on the outer circumference of the rotor (3) limit the circumferential chambers (13; 13a, 13b). Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Umfangsdichtungen (9) als Dichtleisten mit einer dem Bogenmaß von mindestens zwei Speichermassenkammern (4) entsprechenden Länge ausgebildet sind.Regenerative heat exchanger according to claim 2,
characterized,
that the peripheral seals (9) are designed as sealing strips with a length corresponding to the radian dimension of at least two storage mass chambers (4). Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher nach einem
oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die beidseitig des Rotors (3) in den Trennzonen (14) angeordneten Radialdichtungen (16) jeweils mindestens eine Speichermassenkammer (4) voll abdecken.Regenerative heat exchanger after one
or more of claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that the radial seals (16) arranged on both sides of the rotor (3) in the separation zones (14) fully cover at least one storage mass chamber (4). Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher nach einem
oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Umfangs- und die Radialdichtungen (9, 16) eine in einer gemeinsamen Ebene liegende, an den Stoßstellen lückenlos durchgehende Dichtfläche bilden.Regenerative heat exchanger after one
or more of claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
that the circumferential and radial seals (9, 16) form a sealing surface lying in a common plane, at the abutment points, without gaps. Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher nach einem
oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Umfangs- und die Radialdichtungen (9, 16) elastisch angestellt sind.Regenerative heat exchanger after one
or more of claims 1 to 5,
characterized,
that the peripheral and radial seals (9, 16) are made elastic. Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher nach einem
oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Umfangskammern in eine obere bzw. hintere und eine untere bzw. vordere Kammer (13a, 13b) unterteilt sind.Regenerative heat exchanger after one
or more of claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that the peripheral chambers are divided into an upper or rear and a lower or front chamber (13a, 13b). Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher nach Anspruch 7,
gekennzeichnet durch
eine zwischen den beiden Kammern (13a, 13b) an den Mantel des Rotors (3) gelegte Dichtung (21).Regenerative heat exchanger according to claim 7,
marked by
a seal (21) placed between the two chambers (13a, 13b) on the jacket of the rotor (3). Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher nach einem
oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß an die Sperrkammern (13, 13a, 13b bzw. 15) eine Absaugung (22, 23; 24, 26) angeschlossen ist.Regenerative heat exchanger after one
or more of claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
that a suction (22, 23; 24, 26) is connected to the locking chambers (13, 13a, 13b and 15). Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher nach einem
oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß an die Sperrkammern (13, 13a, 13b bzw. 15) eine Sperrgaszuleitung (24, 25) angeschlossen ist.Regenerative heat exchanger after one
or more of claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
that a barrier gas supply line (24, 25) is connected to the barrier chambers (13, 13a, 13b or 15). Regenerativ-Wärmetauscher nach einem
oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß an die Radialkammern (15) eine Spülgaszuleitung angeschlossen ist.Regenerative heat exchanger after one
or more of claims 1 to 10,
characterized,
that a purge gas supply line is connected to the radial chambers (15). Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Regenerativ-Wärmetauschers nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß gezielt und angemessen den örtlich im Wärmetauscher (1, 100, 200) gegebenen Druckverhältnissen entsprechend an den jeweiligen Dichtstellen abgesaugt, gesperrt, ausgeblasen oder ausgesaugt werden kann.Method for operating a regenerative heat exchanger according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the pressure conditions given locally in the heat exchanger (1, 100, 200) can be sucked off, blocked, blown out or sucked out appropriately and appropriately at the respective sealing points.
EP93114189A 1992-09-09 1993-09-04 Regenerative heat-exchanger Expired - Lifetime EP0588185B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4230133A DE4230133A1 (en) 1992-09-09 1992-09-09 Regenerative heat exchanger and method for operating the heat exchanger
DE4230133 1992-09-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0588185A1 true EP0588185A1 (en) 1994-03-23
EP0588185B1 EP0588185B1 (en) 1998-01-07

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Country Link
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JP (1) JPH0712477A (en)
AT (1) ATE161942T1 (en)
AU (1) AU667385B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9303726A (en)
CZ (1) CZ291069B6 (en)
DE (2) DE4230133A1 (en)
DK (1) DK0588185T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2113457T3 (en)
HU (1) HUT65211A (en)
MX (1) MX9305497A (en)
PL (2) PL56220Y1 (en)
RU (1) RU2119127C1 (en)
UA (1) UA35561C2 (en)
ZA (1) ZA936296B (en)

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WO2004111563A1 (en) * 2003-06-13 2004-12-23 Klingenburg Gmbh Rotating heat exchanger and method for sealing the same
WO2006120371A1 (en) * 2005-03-22 2006-11-16 Howden Uk Limited A rotary heat exchanger and a method of reducing leakage in a rotary heat exchanger
EP2177855A1 (en) 2008-10-14 2010-04-21 Balcke-Dürr GmbH Regenerative heat exchanger with innovative surrounding seal
EP2199724A1 (en) 2008-12-17 2010-06-23 Balcke-Dürr GmbH Method for operating a regenerative heat exchanger and regenerative heat exchanger with improved efficiency
DE102016011918A1 (en) * 2016-10-05 2018-04-05 Balcke-Dürr GmbH Regenerative heat exchanger

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US5915340A (en) * 1996-10-02 1999-06-29 Abb Air Preheater Inc. Variable sector plate quad sector air preheater
JP3611272B2 (en) * 1997-12-19 2005-01-19 三菱重工業株式会社 Rotating regenerative heat exchanger
DE102005053378B4 (en) * 2005-11-07 2011-12-08 Rwe Power Ag Rotating regenerative air or gas preheater
US8517086B2 (en) * 2008-02-29 2013-08-27 Caterpillar Inc. Composite heat exchanger end structure
CN102200408B (en) * 2011-07-09 2012-11-07 程爱平 Isolating air curtain structure of leak-free sealing system of rotary gas-gas heater
EP2743624A1 (en) * 2012-12-14 2014-06-18 Alstom Technology Ltd Leakage reduction system in power plant operations
ES2450041B1 (en) * 2013-11-18 2015-02-11 Juan MARTÍNEZ-VAL PIERA Strike sealing by partial recirculation of fluid in rotary heat exchanger
RU2716638C1 (en) * 2019-07-05 2020-03-13 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Центральный ордена Трудового Красного Знамени научно-исследовательский автомобильный и автомоторный институт "НАМИ" (ФГУП "НАМИ") Method of preventing deformation of high-temperature rotary disc heat exchanger
RU2716639C1 (en) * 2019-07-05 2020-03-13 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Центральный ордена Трудового Красного Знамени научно-исследовательский автомобильный и автомоторный институт "НАМИ" (ФГУП "НАМИ") High-temperature rotary disc heat exchanger
RU2716640C1 (en) * 2019-07-05 2020-03-13 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Центральный ордена Трудового Красного Знамени научно-исследовательский автомобильный и автомоторный институт "НАМИ" (ФГУП "НАМИ") Silicone seals of high-temperature rotary disc heat exchanger
RU2716636C1 (en) * 2019-07-05 2020-03-13 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Центральный ордена Трудового Красного Знамени научно-исследовательский автомобильный и автомоторный институт "НАМИ" (ФГУП "НАМИ") Method of compensation of deformation of high-temperature rotary disc heat exchanger
RU202881U1 (en) * 2020-08-11 2021-03-11 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Центральный ордена Трудового Красного Знамени научно-исследовательский автомобильный и автомоторный институт "НАМИ" (ФГУП "НАМИ") Cooling device for the frame of a rotary disk heat exchanger of a power plant

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004111563A1 (en) * 2003-06-13 2004-12-23 Klingenburg Gmbh Rotating heat exchanger and method for sealing the same
WO2006120371A1 (en) * 2005-03-22 2006-11-16 Howden Uk Limited A rotary heat exchanger and a method of reducing leakage in a rotary heat exchanger
EP2177855A1 (en) 2008-10-14 2010-04-21 Balcke-Dürr GmbH Regenerative heat exchanger with innovative surrounding seal
EP2199724A1 (en) 2008-12-17 2010-06-23 Balcke-Dürr GmbH Method for operating a regenerative heat exchanger and regenerative heat exchanger with improved efficiency
DE102016011918A1 (en) * 2016-10-05 2018-04-05 Balcke-Dürr GmbH Regenerative heat exchanger
DE102016011918B4 (en) 2016-10-05 2018-05-30 Balcke-Dürr GmbH Regenerative heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE161942T1 (en) 1998-01-15
JPH0712477A (en) 1995-01-17
ZA936296B (en) 1995-02-09
PL300234A1 (en) 1994-03-21
HUT65211A (en) 1994-05-02
DE59307922D1 (en) 1998-02-12
EP0588185B1 (en) 1998-01-07
RU2119127C1 (en) 1998-09-20
CZ186493A3 (en) 1994-04-13
PL56220Y1 (en) 1998-07-31
AU4463193A (en) 1994-03-17
AU667385B2 (en) 1996-03-21
DE4230133A1 (en) 1994-03-10
BR9303726A (en) 1994-03-22
MX9305497A (en) 1994-05-31
CZ291069B6 (en) 2002-12-11
DK0588185T3 (en) 1998-09-07
HU9302529D0 (en) 1994-01-28
UA35561C2 (en) 2001-04-16
ES2113457T3 (en) 1998-05-01

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