EP0358866A1 - Apparatus behind a gas turbine - Google Patents

Apparatus behind a gas turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0358866A1
EP0358866A1 EP19890111425 EP89111425A EP0358866A1 EP 0358866 A1 EP0358866 A1 EP 0358866A1 EP 19890111425 EP19890111425 EP 19890111425 EP 89111425 A EP89111425 A EP 89111425A EP 0358866 A1 EP0358866 A1 EP 0358866A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
bypass
flaps
leading
guide plates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP19890111425
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Volker Erichsen Von
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stober and Morlock Warmekraft GmbH
Original Assignee
Stober and Morlock Warmekraft GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stober and Morlock Warmekraft GmbH filed Critical Stober and Morlock Warmekraft GmbH
Publication of EP0358866A1 publication Critical patent/EP0358866A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/007—Control systems for waste heat boilers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/092—Heat exchange with valve or movable deflector for heat exchange fluid flow
    • Y10S165/109—Heat exchange with valve or movable deflector for heat exchange fluid flow with by-pass of heat exchanger or heat exchanger section
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/877—With flow control means for branched passages
    • Y10T137/87788—With valve or movable deflector at junction
    • Y10T137/87812—Pivoted valve or deflector

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device behind a gas turbine for introducing the combustion gases into a heat exchanger or into a bypass with guide surfaces arranged in the branching region of the channels leading to the heat exchanger and to the bypass.
  • the heat exchanger cannot be arranged in the same plane as the gas turbine, but rather raised opposite it. Therefore, an expensive substructure is required for him and an increase in the hall height compared to the otherwise required. Finally, the guide surfaces constantly oppose the combustion gas flow coming from the gas turbine, that is to say not only during the start-up of the turbine.
  • the invention has for its object to ver the shortcomings described above in a simple and inexpensive manner avoid.
  • the invention relates to a device behind a gas turbine for introducing the combustion gases into a heat exchanger or into a bypass with guide surfaces arranged in the branching region of the channels leading to the heat exchanger and bypass, which is characterized by guide plates arranged in the deflection region, the surfaces of which lie between one in the longitudinal direction of the from the gas turbine to the heat exchanger running combustion gas flow position in an inclined position are pivotable.
  • the guide plates are only acted upon by the combustion gas flow during the relatively short-time bypass operation while the turbine is starting up, but practically not at all during continuous operation with a heat exchanger.
  • the pivotable guide plates are driven depending on the drive of the boiler flap leading to the heat exchanger.
  • the guide plates are inevitably brought into a position running parallel to the combustion gas flow, in which they practically offer no resistance to this.
  • the guide plates are pivoted against the combustion gas flow and deflect it in the direction the open bypass flaps.
  • pivotable guide plates can be driven depending on the drive of the chimney flaps leading to the bypass.
  • a linkage which serves to pivot the guide plates is connected to the heat exchanger flaps or their drive linkages via one or more connecting linkages.
  • the channel arriving from the gas turbine is designated by 1
  • the channel leading to the bypass is designated by 2
  • the channel leading to the heat exchanger is designated by 3.
  • the bypass flaps arranged in the channel 2 leading to the bypass are designated in their entirety with 4, while the heat exchanger flaps arranged in the channel 3 leading to the heat exchanger are designated in their entirety with 5.
  • there are two in each of these cases Rows of four double-leaf flaps are arranged so that when the flaps are closed, the ducts are sealed particularly effectively and sealing air can be introduced between the two rows of flaps.
  • pivotable guide plates 6 are arranged in the area in which the channel 2 branches off from the channels 1 and 3.
  • the individual guide plates 6 are designed in the manner of symmetrical rotary flaps and can be pivoted about axes 7.
  • the pivoting takes place by means of a guide plate linkage 8 which is connected on the one hand to the individual guide plates 6 or their axes 7 and on the other hand via a connecting linkage 9 to one of the heat exchanger flaps 5 or to the drive thereof.
  • the rods 8 and 9 are arranged within the channels 1 and 3, respectively, and their shafts or axles 7 are supported within the channels, on the walls thereof, so that they do not penetrate the channel walls; as a variant, external bearings and also external rods (8 ) possible.
  • the bypass flaps 4 are closed and the heat exchanger flaps 5 are open.
  • the guide plates 6 are in a position running parallel to the gas flow 10 in which they offer practically no resistance.

Abstract

Behind a gas turbine, a channel 2 leading to the bypass and a channel 3 leading to the heat exchanger are arranged, which are alternately closable by means of bypass-flaps 4 or heat exchanger flaps 5 respectively. In the branching region of the channels 2 and 3, pivotable guide plates 6 are arranged. The pivoting of these is carried out via linkages 8 and 9 by means of the heat exchanger flaps 5 in such a manner that they are pivoted into the gas flow 10 when the bypass-flaps 4 are open and steer the gas flow into the channel 2 leading to the bypass, whereas, when the bypass flaps 4 are closed, they are pivoted parallel to the combustion gas flow 10 and offer no resistance to the latter on its way to the heat exchanger. …<IMAGE>…

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung hinter einer Gas­turbine zum Einleiten der Verbrennungsgase in einen Wärme­tauscher oder in einen Bypass mit im Verzweigungsbereich der zum Wärmetauscher und zum Bypass führenden Kanäle an­geordneten Leitflächen.The invention relates to a device behind a gas turbine for introducing the combustion gases into a heat exchanger or into a bypass with guide surfaces arranged in the branching region of the channels leading to the heat exchanger and to the bypass.

Beim Betrieb von Gasturbinen, denen ein Wärmetauscher nach­geschaltet ist, ist es während des Anfahrens der Gasturbine meist erforderlich, den Wärmetauscher zu umgehen und hierzu einen Bypass vorzusehen. Mit Hilfe von Klappenventilen können die Verbrennungsgase wahlweise zum Wärmetauscher oder in den Bypass geführt werden. Diese Klappenventile sind in dem zum Wärmetauscher führenden Kanal angeordnet, der in Strömungsrichtung der Verbrennungsgase verläuft, sowie in dem zum Bypass führenden Kanal, der senkrecht zur Strömungs­richtung der Verbrennungsgase verläuft. Diese Kanäle weisen ausserordentlich grosse Querschnitte auf, die 20 und mehr Quadratmeter betragen können.When operating gas turbines, which are followed by a heat exchanger, it is usually necessary to bypass the heat exchanger and to provide a bypass for this during the start-up of the gas turbine. With the help of flap valves, the combustion gases can either be led to the heat exchanger or into the bypass. These flap valves are arranged in the channel leading to the heat exchanger, which runs in the flow direction of the combustion gases, and in the channel leading to the bypass, which runs perpendicular to the flow direction of the combustion gases. These channels have extraordinarily large cross sections that can be 20 and more square meters.

Die beim Betrieb dieser Vorrichtungen erzielten Ergebnisse sind nicht zufriedenstellend. Die während des Bypass-Be­triebes geschlossenen zum Wärmetauscher führenden Klappen werden bereits nach kurzer Zeit undicht und oft bis zur Zer­störung beschädigt. Dies ist nicht nur darauf zurückzuführen, dass die heissen Verbrennungsgase mit hoher kinetischer Energie unmittelbar auf die geschlossenen Klappen auf­prallen sondern auch darauf, dass in den Verbrennungsgasen dabei eine Pulsation auftritt, deren niedrige Schwingungs­ frequenz ganz erheblich zum vorzeitigen unbrauchbar werden der Klappen beiträgt.The results obtained in the operation of these devices are unsatisfactory. The flaps leading to the heat exchanger during bypass operation become leaky after a short time and are often damaged until they are destroyed. This is not only due to the fact that the hot combustion gases with high kinetic energy hit the closed flaps directly, but also because there is a pulsation in the combustion gases, their low vibrations frequency contributes significantly to the premature unusability of the flaps.

Es ist eine weitere Anordnung vorgeschlagen worden, bei der die Verbrennungsgase nicht gradlinig von der Gasturbine zum Wärmetauscher gelangen. Vielmehr schliesst sich an den waagerechten, von der Gasturbine kommenden Kanal ein sen­krecht verlaufendes Kanalteil an, an den sich wiederum waagerecht verlaufend der zum Wärmetauscher führende Kanal anschliesst und in senkrechter Richtung verlaufend der zum Bypass führende Kanal. Im Umlenkbereich zwischen dem waage­recht verlaufenden von der Gasturbine kommenden Kanal und dem senkrecht verlaufenden Kanalteil sind feststehende Leitflächen angeordnet, die das Umlenken des waagerecht ankommenden Stromes der Verbrennungsgase in eine etwa senkrecht verlaufende Richtung begünstigen. Auch diese Vorrichtung weist erhebliche Nachteile auf. Die Leit­flächen sind ständig, sowohl beim Anfahren als auch während des Dauerbetriebes mit dem Wärmetauscher, dem Druck der heissen Verbrennungsgase ausgesetzt und verschleissen schnell. Der Wärmetauscher kann nicht in der gleichen Ebene angeordnet werden wie die Gasturbine, sondern dieser gegenüber erhöht. Deshalb wird für ihn ein kostspieliger Unterbau benötigt und eine Vergrösserung der Hallenhöhe gegenüber dem sonst erforderlichen. Schliesslich setzen die Leitflächen dem von der Gasturbine kommenden Verbren­nungsgasstrom ständig, also nicht nur während des Anfahrens der Turbine, einen erheblichen Widerstand entgegen.Another arrangement has been proposed in which the combustion gases do not pass straight from the gas turbine to the heat exchanger. Rather, the horizontal duct coming from the gas turbine is followed by a vertically extending duct part, which in turn is connected horizontally by the duct leading to the heat exchanger and in a vertical direction by the duct leading to the bypass. In the deflection area between the horizontally extending duct coming from the gas turbine and the vertically extending duct part, fixed guide surfaces are arranged which favor the deflection of the horizontally arriving flow of the combustion gases in an approximately vertically extending direction. This device also has considerable disadvantages. The guiding surfaces are constantly exposed to the pressure of the hot combustion gases, both when starting up and during continuous operation with the heat exchanger, and they wear out quickly. The heat exchanger cannot be arranged in the same plane as the gas turbine, but rather raised opposite it. Therefore, an expensive substructure is required for him and an increase in the hall height compared to the otherwise required. Finally, the guide surfaces constantly oppose the combustion gas flow coming from the gas turbine, that is to say not only during the start-up of the turbine.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, auf einfache und kostengünstige Weise die oben beschriebenen Mängel zu ver­ meiden.The invention has for its object to ver the shortcomings described above in a simple and inexpensive manner avoid.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist eine Vorrichtung hinter einer Gasturbine zum Einleiten der Verbrennungsgase in einen Wärmetauscher oder in einen Bypass mit im Verzweigungsbe­reich der zum Wärmetauscher und zum Bypass führenden Ka­näle angeordneten Leitflächen, die gekennzeichnet ist durch im Umlenkbereich angeordnete Leitplatten, deren Flächen zwischen einer in Längsrichtung des von der Gas­turbine zum Wärmetauscher verlaufenden Verbrennungsgas­stromes verlaufenden Stellung in eine geneigt dazu ver­laufende Stellung verschwenkbar sind.The invention relates to a device behind a gas turbine for introducing the combustion gases into a heat exchanger or into a bypass with guide surfaces arranged in the branching region of the channels leading to the heat exchanger and bypass, which is characterized by guide plates arranged in the deflection region, the surfaces of which lie between one in the longitudinal direction of the from the gas turbine to the heat exchanger running combustion gas flow position in an inclined position are pivotable.

Bei der Vorrichtung gemäss der Erfindung werden die Leit­platten nur während des verhältnismässig kurzzeitigen Bypass-Betriebes während des Anfahrens der Turbine vom Verbrennungsgasstrom beaufschlagt, während des Dauerbe­triebes mit Wärmetauscher dagegen praktisch überhaupt nicht.In the device according to the invention, the guide plates are only acted upon by the combustion gas flow during the relatively short-time bypass operation while the turbine is starting up, but practically not at all during continuous operation with a heat exchanger.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung ge­mäss der Erfindung erfolgt der Antrieb der verschwenkbaren Leitplatten abhängig vom Antrieb der zum Wärmetauscher führenden Kesselklappe. Bei dieser Ausführungsform werden die Leitplatten dann, wenn die zum Wärmetauscher führenden Klappen geöffnet sind zwangsläufig in eine parallel zum Verbrennungsgasstrom verlaufende Stellung gebracht, in der sie diesem praktisch keinen Widerstand entgegensetzen. Während des Bypass-Betriebes, d.h. bei geschlossenen Kes­selklappen werden die Leitplatten gegen den Verbrennungs­gasstrom verschwenkt und lenken diesen in Richtung auf die geöffneten Bypass-Klappen hin.In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the pivotable guide plates are driven depending on the drive of the boiler flap leading to the heat exchanger. In this embodiment, when the flaps leading to the heat exchanger are open, the guide plates are inevitably brought into a position running parallel to the combustion gas flow, in which they practically offer no resistance to this. During the bypass operation, ie with the boiler flaps closed, the guide plates are pivoted against the combustion gas flow and deflect it in the direction the open bypass flaps.

Bei einer anderen Ausführungsform kann der Antrieb der verschwenkbaren Leitplatten abhängig vom Antrieb der zum Bypass führenden Kaminklappen erfolgen.In another embodiment, the pivotable guide plates can be driven depending on the drive of the chimney flaps leading to the bypass.

Besonders zeckmässig ist es, die Vorrichtung so auszubilden, dass ein zum Verschwenken der Leitplatten dienendes Ge­stänge (Leitplattengestänge) über eines oder mehrere Ver­bindungsgestänge mit den Wärmetauscherklappen bzw. deren Antriebsgestänge verbunden ist.It is particularly useful to design the device in such a way that a linkage (guide plate linkage) which serves to pivot the guide plates is connected to the heat exchanger flaps or their drive linkages via one or more connecting linkages.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Vorrichtung gemäss der Er­findung ist im folgenden anhand der Zeichnung dargestellt.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung die Kanäle und die darin angeordneten Klappen und Leitplatten während des Bypass-Betriebes
    und
  • Fig. 2 in gleicher Darstellung die Stellung der Klappen und Leitplatten während des Wärmetauscher-Betriebes.
An embodiment of a device according to the invention is shown below with reference to the drawing.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the channels and the flaps and guide plates arranged therein during bypass operation
    and
  • Fig. 2 in the same representation, the position of the flaps and guide plates during heat exchanger operation.

In den Fig. 1 und 2 sind der von der Gasturbine ankommende Kanal mit 1, der zum Bypass führende Kanal mit 2 und der zum Wärmetauscher führende Kanal mit 3 bezeichnet. Die in dem zum Bypass führenden Kanal 2 angeordneten Bypass-Klappen sind in ihrer Gesamtheit mit 4 bezeichnet während die in dem zum Wärmetauscher führenden Kanal 3 angeordneten Wärme­tauscher-Klappen in ihrer Gesamtheit mit 5 bezeichnet sind. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind in jedem dieser Fälle zwei Reihen von je vier zweiflügeligen Klappen angeordnet, so­dass bei geschlossenen Klappen eine besonders wirksame Abdichtung der Kanäle vorliegt und zwischen den beiden Klappenreihen Sperrluft eingeführt werden kann.1 and 2, the channel arriving from the gas turbine is designated by 1, the channel leading to the bypass is designated by 2 and the channel leading to the heat exchanger is designated by 3. The bypass flaps arranged in the channel 2 leading to the bypass are designated in their entirety with 4, while the heat exchanger flaps arranged in the channel 3 leading to the heat exchanger are designated in their entirety with 5. In the exemplary embodiment, there are two in each of these cases Rows of four double-leaf flaps are arranged so that when the flaps are closed, the ducts are sealed particularly effectively and sealing air can be introduced between the two rows of flaps.

In dem Bereich, in dem der Kanal 2 von den Kanälen 1 und 3 abzweigt, sind verschwenkbare Leitplatten 6 angeordnet. Die einzelnen Leitplatten 6 sind in der Art von symmetrischen Drehklappen ausgebildet und um Achsen 7 verschwenkbar. Das Verschwenken erfolgt mittels eines Leitplattengestänges 8, das einerseits mit den einzelnen Leitplatten 6 oder deren Achsen 7 verbunden ist und andererseits über ein Verbindungs­gestänge 9 mit einer der Wärmetauscherklappen 5 oder mit deren Antrieb. Die Gestänge 8 und 9 sind innerhalb der Ka­näle 1 bzw. 3 angeordnet und ihre Wellen bzw. Achsen 7 sind innerhalb der Kanäle, an deren Wänden, gelagert, sodass sie die Kanalwände nicht durchdringen, als Variante sind aussen­liegende Lager und auch aussenliegende Gestänge (8) möglich.In the area in which the channel 2 branches off from the channels 1 and 3, pivotable guide plates 6 are arranged. The individual guide plates 6 are designed in the manner of symmetrical rotary flaps and can be pivoted about axes 7. The pivoting takes place by means of a guide plate linkage 8 which is connected on the one hand to the individual guide plates 6 or their axes 7 and on the other hand via a connecting linkage 9 to one of the heat exchanger flaps 5 or to the drive thereof. The rods 8 and 9 are arranged within the channels 1 and 3, respectively, and their shafts or axles 7 are supported within the channels, on the walls thereof, so that they do not penetrate the channel walls; as a variant, external bearings and also external rods (8 ) possible.

In Fig. 1 sind bei geschlossenen Wärmetauscherklappen 5 die Leitplatten 6 gegen den mit 10 bezeichneten Verbrennungsgas­strom angestellt und lenken diesen durch die geöffneten By­pass-Klappen 4 in den zum Bypass führenden Kanal 2.1, when the heat exchanger flaps 5 are closed, the guide plates 6 are set against the combustion gas flow denoted by 10 and guide them through the open bypass flaps 4 into the channel 2 leading to the bypass.

In Fig. 2 ist der Wärmetauscher-Betrieb dargestellt. Die Bypass-Klappen 4 sind geschlossen und die Wärmetauscher-­Klappen 5 sind geöffnet. Die Leitplatten 6 befinden sich in einer parallel zum Gasstrom 10 verlaufenden Stellung in der sie diesem praktisch keinen Widerstand entgegensetzen.2 shows the heat exchanger operation. The bypass flaps 4 are closed and the heat exchanger flaps 5 are open. The guide plates 6 are in a position running parallel to the gas flow 10 in which they offer practically no resistance.

Claims (4)

1. Vorrichtung hinter einer Gasturbine zum Einleiten der Verbrennungsgase in einen Wärmetauscher oder in einen Bypass mit im Verzweigungsbereich der zum Wärmetauscher und zum Bypass führenden Kanäle angeordneten Leit­flächen gekennzeichnet durch im Umlenkbereich angeordnete Leitplatten (6), deren Flächen zwischen einer in Längsrichtung des von der Gasturbine zum Wärmetauscher verlaufenden Verbrennungs­gasstromes (10) verlaufenden Stellung in eine geneigt dazu verlaufende Stellung verschwenkbar sind.1.Device behind a gas turbine for introducing the combustion gases into a heat exchanger or into a bypass with guide surfaces arranged in the branching region of the channels leading to the heat exchanger and to the bypass, characterized by guide plates (6) arranged in the deflection region, the surfaces of which between one in the longitudinal direction of that of the gas turbine to the heat exchanger running combustion gas stream (10) running position can be pivoted into a position inclined thereto. 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Antrieb der verschwenkbaren Leitplatten (6) abhängig vom Antrieb der zum Wärmetauscher führenden Wärmetauscherklappe (5) erfolgt.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive of the pivotable guide plates (6) is dependent on the drive of the heat exchanger flap leading to the heat exchanger (5). 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Antrieb der verschwenkbaren Leitplatten (6) abhängig vom Antrieb der zum Bypass (2) führenden Bypass-Klappe (4) erfolgt.3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pivotable guide plates (6) are driven as a function of the drive of the bypass flap (4) leading to the bypass (2). 4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein zum Verschwenken der Leitplatten (6) dienendes Gestänge (Leit­plattengestänge) (8) über eines oder mehrere Ver­bindungsgestänge (9) mit den Wärmetauscherklappen (5) bzw. deren Antriebsgestänge verbunden ist.4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that for pivoting the linkage (linkage linkage) (8) serving the guide plates (6) is connected to the heat exchanger flaps (5) or their drive linkage via one or more connecting linkages (9).
EP19890111425 1988-09-13 1989-06-23 Apparatus behind a gas turbine Ceased EP0358866A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19883831062 DE3831062A1 (en) 1988-09-13 1988-09-13 DEVICE BEHIND A GAS TURBINE
DE3831062 1988-09-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0358866A1 true EP0358866A1 (en) 1990-03-21

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ID=6362828

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890111425 Ceased EP0358866A1 (en) 1988-09-13 1989-06-23 Apparatus behind a gas turbine

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US (1) US5002121A (en)
EP (1) EP0358866A1 (en)
DE (1) DE3831062A1 (en)

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WO1994023187A2 (en) * 1993-03-31 1994-10-13 Wes Technology Inc. Diverter valves
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US5002121A (en) 1991-03-26

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