EP0578140B1 - Echangeur de chaleur à cyclones avec le tube d'échappement des gaz dirigé vers le bas - Google Patents

Echangeur de chaleur à cyclones avec le tube d'échappement des gaz dirigé vers le bas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0578140B1
EP0578140B1 EP19930110554 EP93110554A EP0578140B1 EP 0578140 B1 EP0578140 B1 EP 0578140B1 EP 19930110554 EP19930110554 EP 19930110554 EP 93110554 A EP93110554 A EP 93110554A EP 0578140 B1 EP0578140 B1 EP 0578140B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
stage
cyclone separator
cylindrical upper
cyclone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19930110554
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0578140A1 (fr
Inventor
Detlev Dr.-Ing. Kupper
Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing. Rother
Karl Krützner
Gerd-Peter Dipl.-Ing. Meyer
Günter Dipl. - Ing. Driemeier
Ludger Dr.-Ing. Brentrup
Heinz-Herbert Dipl.-Ing. Schmits
Bernhard Dipl.-Ing. Korte
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Original Assignee
Krupp Polysius AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Krupp Polysius AG filed Critical Krupp Polysius AG
Publication of EP0578140A1 publication Critical patent/EP0578140A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C3/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex flow following a screw-thread type line remains unchanged ; Devices in which one of the two discharge ducts returns centrally through the vortex chamber, a reverse-flow vortex being prevented by bulkheads in the central discharge duct
    • B04C3/04—Multiple arrangement thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
    • F27B15/003—Cyclones or chain of cyclones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/2016—Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge
    • F27B7/2025—Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge consisting of a single string of cyclones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-stage heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Multi-stage cyclone heat exchangers are known in a wide variety of designs, in particular with and without a pre-calcining device (see, for example, DUDA, Cement-Data-Book, 3rd edition, pp. 444 to 516). Since the immersion pipe of the individual cyclone separators is guided outwards through the cylindrical upper part, the individual stages of the heat exchanger are essentially arranged one above the other (albeit slightly offset laterally).
  • Conventional cyclone preheaters such as those used in particular for preheating raw cement meal, therefore have a considerable overall height, depending on the number of preheater stages. However, the height not only requires a very complex support structure for the heat exchanger, but also often impairs the natural landscape.
  • a multi-stage cyclone heat exchanger of the type required in the preamble of claim 1 is known from US-A-2 866 272.
  • the pipe for removing the gas is guided between two stages both in the area above the cyclone separator and in the area below the cyclone separator with corresponding line sections and with several pipe elbows.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a heat exchanger which is required in the preamble of claim 1 Form in such a way that there is a particularly low overall height.
  • centrifugal dust separator the cylindrical upper part of which can be equipped with a tangential inlet connection or with an axial inlet and which has an axial clean air tube in the form of an immersion tube which emerges axially downwards, with a corresponding lateral one Dust outlet.
  • it is a single, pure centrifugal dust separator, through which it is to be achieved that the dusted air in a rotating rotary motion after discharge of the dust particles can flow off to the center axis and out via the axially downwardly guided clean air tube.
  • the dip tube of the cyclone separator is through the lower part of the cyclone separator led to the outside and connected via a bend to the connecting line leading to the cyclone separator of the next stage.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention has a height that is less than 50% of the height of a conventional cyclone heat exchanger.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a cyclone separator 1 suitable for use in a heat exchanger according to the invention. It contains a cylindrical upper part 2 and a funnel-shaped lower part 3 with an outlet 4 for the solid separated from the solid-gas mixture.
  • an immersion tube 5 which opens into the cylindrical upper part 2 and is guided outwards through the lower part 3.
  • This dip tube 5 is - as will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 - via a manifold 6 connected to a connecting line leading to the cyclone separator of the next stage.
  • the cyclone separator 1 is also provided with a tangential inlet 7 for a solid-gas mixture, this tangential inlet being connected to a connecting line 8 coming from the previous stage of the heat exchanger.
  • the cyclone separator 1 is also provided with a vortex support 9 which projects from the ceiling 10 into the cylindrical upper part 2. This vortex support 9 stabilizes the swirl flow in the separation space of the cyclone separator 1 and thus increases the degree of separation.
  • FIG. 3 shows the interconnection of several cyclone separators 1, 1a, 1a, lc, 1c, le to form a multi-stage heat exchanger.
  • the dip tube (e.g. 5) of a cyclone separator (e.g. 1) is connected to the connecting pipe (e.g. 8a) leading to the next stage (e.g. cyclone separator la) via the subsequent elbow (e.g. 6).
  • all cyclone separators of the multi-stage heat exchanger are arranged at approximately the same height.
  • the solids outlet (e.g. 4a) of the individual cyclone separators (e.g. la) is connected to the connecting line (e.g. 8) leading to the tangential inlet (e.g. 7) of the stage preceding the gas flow direction (e.g. cyclone separator 1).
  • the task of the solid to be preheated in the heat exchanger takes place at 11 in the cyclone separator 1e the last stage connecting line 8e.
  • the material separated from the cyclone separator 1 of the first stage is fed directly to a rotary kiln (not shown) in the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the exhaust gases from the rotary kiln enter the connecting line 8 leading to the cyclone separator 1 and, after flowing through all stages of the heat exchanger, are drawn off by an exhaust gas fan (not illustrated) through the immersion tube 5e of the cyclone separator le.
  • the multi-stage heat exchanger formed by the cyclone separators 1 to 1 is connected to a calcining device 12 which is arranged in the loop-shaped gas line 14 arranged between a rotary kiln 13 and the first cyclone separator 1 of the heat exchanger.
  • a calcining device 12 which is arranged in the loop-shaped gas line 14 arranged between a rotary kiln 13 and the first cyclone separator 1 of the heat exchanger.
  • additional fuel is introduced into the calcining device 12, which also receives tertiary air from a cooler (not shown) via a tertiary air line 16.
  • the material discharged via the outlet 4a of the cyclone separator la is introduced into the calcining device 12.
  • the material emerging from the outlet 4 of the cyclone separator 1 reaches the rotary kiln 13.
  • 5 to 13 illustrate some variants in the design of the cyclone separator.
  • the cyclone is separator 1 with two outlets 4, 4 'for solid matter Mistake.
  • These two outlets 4, 4 ' can be arranged, for example, at diametrically opposite circumferential points of the connecting line leading to the preceding stage (preferably at the same height).
  • an additional solids outlet 4 ' is provided in the area of the manifold 6 connected to the dip tube 5, through which material dropping out of the gas stream is discharged in this deflection zone.
  • This additional solids outlet 4 ' is expediently connected to a previous part of the heat exchanger in the gas flow direction, for example to the gas line leading to the same stage or to a previous stage of the heat exchanger, to the calcining device 12 (see FIG. 4) or to the inlet of one of the Heat exchanger upstream rotary kiln.
  • Such an additional solids outlet 4 ' is preferably connected in the area of the manifold 6 of the two first stages of the heat exchanger in the gas flow direction (i.e. following the cyclone separator 1 and la according to FIGS. 3 and 4). In this way, the degree of separation of these cyclone stages can be improved, and also registered approaches can be eliminated.
  • the material conveyed through such an additional solids outlet can be conveyed further via a chute, a pneumatic or mechanical conveying device.
  • cyclone separator 1 has, in addition to the immersion tube 5 guided downwards, a further immersion tube 5 'which is guided outwards through the upper part 2 of the separator and which leads via a connecting line 17 into the cyclone separator of the next stage Manifold 6 opens.
  • a cyclone separator is characterized by a particularly low pressure drop. The confluence of part of the gas flow in the manifold 6 also counteracts deposits and deposits in this area.
  • FIGS 8 and 9 show different options for holding the multi-stage heat exchanger.
  • the installation levels 18 or 19 can be selected will. If the construction is not self-supporting, an installation level 20 is selected on which the cyclone separators are supported with their cylindrical upper part.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a hanging arrangement of the cyclone separators using a support frame 21.
  • the dip tube 5 and the vortex support 9 can be arranged centrally in the cylindrical upper part 2 of the cyclone separator 1, as shown in FIG.
  • an eccentric arrangement of dip tube 5 and vertebral support 9 is also possible, as is shown schematically in FIG. 11.
  • the upper edge of the dip tube 5 can either be sharp-edged (Fig. 12) or rounded (Fig. 13).
  • air shut-off devices e.g. pendulum flaps
  • pendulum flaps can be provided in the good lines that connect to the solids outlets 4.
  • the ratio of the height to the width of the inlet cross-section 7 '(see FIGS. 10 and 11) of the tangential inlet 7 of the cyclone separator 1 is greater than 2: 1.
  • the suspension is set in rotation and an effective separation of gas and solid is achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Echangeur de chaleur à plusieurs étages, destiné à un échange de chaleur entre un flux gazeux et une substance solide à granulométrie fine, comprenant plusieurs séparateurs à cyclone (1 à le), dont chacun comprend une partie supérieure cylindrique (2) équipée d'une entrée tangentielle (7) du mélange de gaz et de substance solide, une partie inférieure (3) comprenant au moins une sortie (4) de la substance solide séparée du mélange de gaz et de substance solide, ainsi qu'un tuyau (5) d'évacuation du gaz qui débouche dans la partie supérieure cylindrique, le tuyau du séparateur à cyclone (par exemple 1) d'un étage étant raccordé par un coude (6) à un conduit de liaison menant à l'entrée tangentielle du séparateur à cyclone (par exemple la) de l'étage suivant, dans le sens de la circulation des gaz , et la sortie de la substance solide (par exemple 4a) du séparateur à cyclone (par exemple la) d'un étage étant raccordée au conduit de liaison (8) menant à l'entrée tangentielle (7) de l'étage précédent, dans le sens de la circulation des gaz, les séparateurs à cyclone d'au moins tous les étages qui font suite au premier étage, dans le sens de la circulation des gaz, étant disposés approximativement au même niveau,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - le tuyau (5) des séparateurs à cyclone est conformé en tube plongeur (5) et se dirige vers l'extérieur en passant par la partie inférieure (3) du séparateur à cyclone et
    - le rapport de la hauteur à la largeur de la section d'entrée (7') de l'admission tangentielle des séparateurs à cyclone est supérieur à 2 : 1, de manière que le mélange entrant de gaz et de substance solide soit dirigé sur la paroi de la partie supérieure cylindrique (2) des séparateurs à cyclone.
  2. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les séparateurs à cyclone comportent un élément (9) favorisant le tourbillonnement et pénétrant par leur plafond (10) dans la partie supérieure cylindrique (2).
  3. Echangeur de chaleur selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le tube plongeur (5) et/ou l'élément (9) favorisant le tourbillonnement sont disposés au centre dans le séparateur à cyclone.
  4. Echangeur de chaleur selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le tube plongeur (5) et/ou l'élément (9) favorisant le tourbillonnement sont disposés excentriquement dans le séparateur à cyclone.
  5. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'une sortie auxiliaire de substance solide (4') qui est prévue dans la région d'au moins un coude (6), de préférence dans la région des coudes des deux premiers étages de l'échangeur de chaleur, dans le sens de la circulation des gaz, est raccordé à une section précédente de l'échangeur de chaleur, dans le sens de la circulation des gaz, à l'entrée d'un four tubulaire rotatif monté en amont de l'échangeur de chaleur ou à un dispositif de calcination (12) prévu entre le four tubulaire rotatif et l'échangeur de chaleur.
  6. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les coudes (6) comportent un fond ventilé.
  7. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins quelques séparateurs à cyclone comportent un autre tube plongeur (5') menant vers l'extérieur par la partie supérieure (2) du séparateur et raccordé par un conduit de liaison (17) au coude (6) menant au séparateur à cyclone de l'étage suivant.
  8. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par les paramètres suivants :
    a) la distance séparant le bord supérieur du tube plongeur et le plafond du séparateur à cyclone est comprise entre 0,8 et 1, 2 fois le diamètre intérieur de la partie supérieure cylindrique.
    b) à l'exception du dernier étage de l'échangeur de chaleur, le diamètre du tube plongeur du séparateur à cyclone est compris entre 0,5 et 0,7 fois le diamètre intérieur de la partie supérieure cylindrique, tandis que le diamètre du tube plongeur du dernier étage de l'échangeur de chaleur ayant pour fonction celle d'un étage de dépoussiérage est inférieur à 0,6 fois le diamètre intérieur de la partie supérieure cylindrique
    c) la largeur de la section d'entrée est supérieure à la moitié de la différence entre le diamètre interne de la partie supérieure cylindrique et le diamètre interne du tube plongeur ;
    d) la longueur des conduits de sortie de la substance solide est inférieure à la moitié du diamètre intérieure de la partie supérieure cylindrique, au moins à partir du deuxième étage, dans le sens de la circulation des gaz.
EP19930110554 1992-07-09 1993-07-01 Echangeur de chaleur à cyclones avec le tube d'échappement des gaz dirigé vers le bas Expired - Lifetime EP0578140B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19924222593 DE4222593A1 (de) 1992-07-09 1992-07-09 Wärmetauscher mit Zyklonen mit nach unten herausgeführtem Tauchrohr
DE4222593 1992-07-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0578140A1 EP0578140A1 (fr) 1994-01-12
EP0578140B1 true EP0578140B1 (fr) 1996-10-16

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ID=6462860

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EP19930110554 Expired - Lifetime EP0578140B1 (fr) 1992-07-09 1993-07-01 Echangeur de chaleur à cyclones avec le tube d'échappement des gaz dirigé vers le bas

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EP (1) EP0578140B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4222593A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0578140T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2092731T3 (fr)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE883555C (de) * 1950-06-02 1953-07-20 Heinzjosef Junkmann Fliehkraft-Staubabscheider
US2866272A (en) * 1954-09-28 1958-12-30 Smidth & Co As F L Cyclone heat exchange apparatus
US3116054A (en) * 1960-07-26 1963-12-31 Beteiligungs & Patentverw Gmbh Heating arrangement
FR1418655A (fr) * 1963-12-23 1965-11-19 Smidth & Co As F L Cuisson du ciment exempt d'alcalis dans des cyclones et des fours rotatifs
FR1527044A (fr) * 1967-04-11 1968-05-31 Fives Lille Cail Installation pour le traitement thermique de matières minérales, en particulier pour la fabrication du ciment
US4477339A (en) * 1982-08-27 1984-10-16 Whaley John P Cyclone classifier
DE3339063A1 (de) * 1983-10-28 1985-05-09 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Fliehkraftabscheider
DE3817355A1 (de) * 1988-05-20 1989-11-30 Krupp Polysius Ag Schwebegas-waermetauscher
FR2662618B1 (fr) * 1990-06-05 1993-01-29 Inst Francais Du Petrole Separateur cyclonique a co-courant et ses applications.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4222593A1 (de) 1994-01-13
ES2092731T3 (es) 1996-12-01
DK0578140T3 (da) 1997-03-24
EP0578140A1 (fr) 1994-01-12
DE59304168D1 (de) 1996-11-21

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