EP0577450B1 - Munition mit Zielerfassungsvorrichtung - Google Patents

Munition mit Zielerfassungsvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0577450B1
EP0577450B1 EP93401446A EP93401446A EP0577450B1 EP 0577450 B1 EP0577450 B1 EP 0577450B1 EP 93401446 A EP93401446 A EP 93401446A EP 93401446 A EP93401446 A EP 93401446A EP 0577450 B1 EP0577450 B1 EP 0577450B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axis
munition
detection
submunition
ground
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93401446A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0577450A1 (de
Inventor
Emmanuel Marchand
Philippe Martin
Christophe Redaud
Thierry Bredy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giat Industries SA
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Giat Industries SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C13/00—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation
    • F42C13/02—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation operated by intensity of light or similar radiation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates mainly to ammunition, in particular to a submunition comprising means for detecting targets.
  • vectors comprising a seeker associated with means for orienting its detection axis in elevation and in bearing with respect to said vectors.
  • These vectors typically missiles, generally include self-tracking means ensuring their guidance towards the target to be hit.
  • This type of vector has an extremely high manufacturing cost.
  • GB-A-2 090 950 describes a submunition animated by a complex movement, comprising a charge generating a nucleus and means for detecting targets.
  • the orientation of the target detection means is fixed relative to the submunition, the target detection axis being parallel to the firing axis of the nucleus.
  • the complex movement of the submunition ensures scanning of a large surface of the ground by the target detection means.
  • fire is triggered.
  • the nucleus is sent substantially in the direction of the target.
  • the Applicant has discovered that the delay between the detection time and the firing time, mainly due to the processing time, on the one hand, and to the speed of the submunition at the time of the firing necessary to obtain the trajectory complex ensuring scanning, on the other hand, induces a shooting inaccuracy which can reach and even exceed ten meters.
  • This error cannot be assimilated to a fixed bias capable of being completely corrected by a fixed offset of the detection axis with respect to the shooting axis.
  • the residual error is sufficient to greatly reduce the probability of hitting the target.
  • a munition or submunition comprising target detection means having a plurality of non-parallel target detection axes and means for selecting the target detection axis which at the instant t provides the greatest probability of reaching the target detected at this time t.
  • the main object of the invention is a munition, in particular submunition comprising a charge firing a projectile, in particular a charge generating a nucleus, a firing axis ⁇ and target detection means comprising several detection axes ⁇ 1 and ⁇ n, ammunition intended to be animated with a movement relative to the ground allowing it to search for a target, movement comprising a rotation around an axis A and a translation of instantaneous speed v 0 , characterized in that the detection means are selectable, and in that it comprises means making it possible to select, at each instant for detection, a detection axis ⁇ i for which the distance E between the point Mi of intersection of the axis ⁇ i with the ground and the point M 'd' impact of the projectile on the ground is minimal.
  • the invention also relates to ammunition, characterized in that the detection axes ⁇ i and ⁇ n of the target detection means are fixed relative to the axis ⁇ .
  • Another subject of the invention is a munition, characterized in that the means making it possible to select the detection axis ⁇ i, for which the distance E is minimum, include measuring means making it possible to determine at any time what is the axis quii which has the most forward orientation of the ammunition in the direction given by the speed v 0 of the center of gravity of the ammunition.
  • the invention also relates to a munition capable of rotating around an axis of rotation A inclined relatively to the vertical, characterized in that the measuring means comprise a rangefinder capable of measuring the distance of the munition to the ground.
  • Another subject of the invention is a munition, characterized in that the measuring means comprise a gyroscope or a gyrometer making it possible to measure its angular position relative to the speed vector v 0 .
  • Another subject of the invention is a munition, characterized in that the means making it possible to select the detection axis ⁇ i, for which the distance E is minimum, combine means, such as a gyroscope or a gyrometer, making it possible to measure its position angular with respect to the speed vector v 0 of the center of gravity of the ammunition with means for measuring the distance to the ground and / or means for measuring the instantaneous speed v 0 .
  • combine means such as a gyroscope or a gyrometer, making it possible to measure its position angular with respect to the speed vector v 0 of the center of gravity of the ammunition with means for measuring the distance to the ground and / or means for measuring the instantaneous speed v 0 .
  • the invention also relates to ammunition, characterized in that the detection means comprise a single sensor comprising a plurality of detectors, in particular a mosaic of detectors.
  • the invention also relates to a munition, characterized in that the detection axes ⁇ 1 to ⁇ n are regularly distributed around its periphery and are inclined towards the outside by the same angle relative to the axis ⁇ .
  • the invention also relates to ammunition, characterized in that the target detection means comprise a single detector associated with a plurality of optics having non-parallel axes.
  • the invention also relates to ammunition, characterized in that it comprises a shutter making it possible to illuminate the detector at each instant t by the radiation transmitted by a single optic with axis ⁇ i.
  • FIGS. 1 to 16 the same references have been used to designate the same elements.
  • a submunition 1 of known type comprising a charge 2 generating a nucleus comprising, in known manner, an explosive charge and a coating 3 intended to form the nucleus, means 4 for detecting targets having an axis ⁇ and a chamber 5 containing electronic equipment (not shown).
  • An axis ⁇ of submunition 1 (axis along which the nucleus is pulled) is shown vertical in FIG. 1, although at an instant t, it has a non-zero angle ⁇ with a vertical axis of rotation A of the submunition as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • ⁇ be the angle at an instant t between the projection on the ground 6 (supposed plane) and the speed v 0 of the center of gravity of the submunition and the projection on the ground of the axis ⁇ .
  • the axes ⁇ and ⁇ are separated by a small distance d, substantially equal to half the diameter of the submunition.
  • the target detection means of the ammunition 7 according to the invention comprise a plurality of selectable target detection means 41, 42, 43, ..., 4n having detection axes respectively ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ... , ⁇ n not parallel, for example inclined outwards by the same angle relative to the axis ⁇ and means 8 for measuring the position to determine at any time which is the axis ⁇ i which has the orientation further forward of the submunition in the direction given by the speed v 0 , comprising for example a gyroscope or a rangefinder.
  • the means 8 for measuring the position of the submunition 7 comprise an inertial unit and / or a range finder or an altimeter.
  • the ammunition 7 is equipped with a single target detector associated with means for orienting the detection axis in predetermined non-parallel directions relative to the submunition or associated with a plurality of sighting means, for example a plurality of objectives having non-parallel optical axes and switching means for selecting a objective, for example a servo shutter having a single opening.
  • the submunition comprises detection means which consist of a mosaic of detectors associated with a single optic. These detection means are arranged along a generator of the envelope of the submunition, as illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 14, or else in the extension of the axis ⁇ , as illustrated in FIG. 15.
  • FIG. 5 we can see a submunition 7 according to the invention rotating around the axis A with an angular speed ⁇ and whose center of gravity follows a ballistic trajectory 9 in the orthogonal coordinate system (x, y, z), the trace of the axis ⁇ on the ground 6 (symbolized by the plane (x, z)) bearing the reference 10.
  • the trace 10 corresponds to a large area of the ground 6 ensuring the scanning of a large area for the detection of targets.
  • the distance E between the point of impact on the ground 6 of the core generated by the coating 3 (for a shot triggered at an instant t of detection of a target by a target detection means 4i having a detection axis ⁇ i) and the intersection of the axis ⁇ with the ground 6, varies and depends on the orientation of the axis ⁇ i relative to the axis ⁇ .
  • this distance corresponds to the shooting error.
  • the core 3 misses the target.
  • the distance E depends on the orientation of the detection axis ⁇ i
  • the means 4i at each instant one selects from the means 41 to 4n of target detection, the means 4i whose axis of target detection ⁇ i corresponds to a minimum distance E between the intersection Mi of the ground 6 with the axis ⁇ i and the point of impact M 'of the core on the ground 6.
  • the axes of detection of targets ⁇ 1 to ⁇ n are arranged relative to the axis A of rotation of the submunition, in such a way that during each revolution, each of the axes ⁇ i of the target detection means, at a given instant of the revolution, corresponds to a minimum distance E.
  • FIG. 6 one can see four successive positions of the orientation of the four axes ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 during a revolution of the submunition 7 of FIGS. 2 and 3 for which the axes ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 are inclined towards the outside of the submunition at the same angle relative to the axis of ⁇ .
  • the numbers 1 to 4 are placed in rectangles corresponding respectively to the orientation of the axes ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4.
  • the rectangles surrounded correspond to the axis ⁇ i which gives a minimum distance E for each of the four successive positions of the submunition.
  • FIG. 7 one can see a flowchart of an operating mode of a submunition according to the present invention.
  • the angle ⁇ is measured between the vector v 0 of the speed of the center of gravity of the submunition 7 and the projection onto the ground 6 of the axis ⁇ of the munition 7.
  • FIG. 8 one can see the orientation of the detection axes projected in a plane defined by the axis of rotation A of the submunition and by the axis ⁇ .
  • the axes ⁇ 3, ⁇ and ⁇ 1 respectively form the angles ⁇ 3, ⁇ and ⁇ 1 with the axis A.
  • H represents the altitude of the munition 7 and D the distance between the munition and the intersection M of the axis ⁇ with the floor 6.
  • the invention is not limited to the arrangement of the axes ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 in FIGS. 2 and 3, but applies generally to the choice at any time t, of a detection axis, advantageously preset, minimizing at this instant the distance E between the point of impact of the nucleus and the position of the target (assumed to be stationary).
  • the detection axes are oriented, during the manufacture of the submunition, according to the present invention, so as to obtain a large scanning surface on the ground by taking account of the switching between the various detection axes used at various times. during the ballistic trajectory of the submunition.
  • FIGS. 13, 14 and 15 one can see two examples of submunitions according to the invention, the detection means of which comprise a single sensor 40 comprising an optic 38 illuminating a plurality of detectors 41 to 4n.
  • n 4
  • the detectors 41 to 4n for example infrared detectors capable of detecting the thermal radiation of a target, are advantageously diffused in a single semiconductor wafer 39.
  • the axes of sight ⁇ i corresponding to the various detectors 4i are not parallel.
  • the angle between an axis ⁇ i and the axis ⁇ depends on the distance between the detector 4i and the intersection of an axis of the optics 38 with the semiconductor wafer 39.
  • the sensor 40 is placed on the envelope of the submunition, while in the example illustrated in FIG. 15, it is placed in front of the covering 3 which must form the core.
  • the axis of the optics 38 merges with the axis ⁇ .
  • the devices of FIGS. 13 to 15 make it possible to select the detector 4i whose axis ⁇ i has the most forward orientation (direction of v 0 ) of the submunition.
  • the selection of the detector 4i can be carried out by electronic control means incorporated or not in the wafer 39, the detectors 41 to 4n being illuminated simultaneously.
  • the trace 10 of the axis ⁇ and the trace 22 of the axis ⁇ i are represented by circles.
  • the target at point M is detected at time t 0 and the shot is triggered at time t 1 , t 1 - t 0 corresponding to the processing time.
  • Let r be the distance between the center of gravity of the coating of the charge generating the nucleus and the axis of rotation A.
  • the angle ⁇ 1 equal to ⁇ (t 1 - t 0 ) corresponds to the rotation of the submunition 7 and makes point M point M "of circle 10.
  • the angle ⁇ 2 equal to arctg (r ⁇ / V), V being the speed (assumed to be constant) of the nucleus after firing, corresponds to the offset induced by the speed d 'training (r ⁇ ) of the submunition on the speed of the nucleus and makes point M' of circle 10 correspond to a point M 'of circle 22.
  • ⁇ ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2.
  • the angular error ( ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2) is constant over time and always in the same direction.
  • the point of impact is always ahead of the detected point, in the direction of rotation. It is therefore possible, with a fixed offset from the detection axis ⁇ i relative to the axis ⁇ of the submunition by an angle ( ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2) in the ground plane 6, reduce the distance Er to M1M ', M1 being the point of the circle 10 offset with respect to M by an angle ( ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2).
  • the error between M1 and M ', to be corrected, would require an additional offset of the detection axis, this time in the plane containing the axis A and the axis ⁇ , this offset having to be variable, in particular with altitude H.
  • Such a device would require a controlled detection axis, which is very expensive.
  • the center of gravity of the submunition 7 carries the reference 23 when the target is detected and the reference 24 when fired.
  • the error Ev is due, on the one hand, to the delay t 1 - t 0 between detection and firing (distance between points 23 and 24) and, on the other hand, to the drive speed v 0 communicated to core 3 at the time of the shot.
  • FIG. 16 schematically shows such a submunition as well as the trace 10 of the axis ⁇ on the ground 6. It is noted that, during the rotation of the submunition, the distance D to the ground along the axis ⁇ varies between a value Dmax and a Dmin value.
  • the output signal of the rangefinder can be used directly to determine at any time what is the axis ⁇ i which has the most forward orientation of the munition in the direction given by the speed v 0 .
  • the means 8 for measuring the position of the submunition 7 comprise an inertial unit and / or a range finder making it possible to measure in particular the distance D as well as the distance between the center of gravity of submunition 7 and point M '. For example, we measure the speed v 0 , the speed of rotation ⁇ and the altitude H.
  • FIG. 12 one can see a flowchart illustrating the operation of this improved embodiment of the submunition 7.
  • the error E is calculated for an aiming axis ⁇ i.
  • the axis ⁇ i is selected corresponding to the minimum error Ei.
  • the invention applies to the production of ammunition and submunitions.
  • the invention mainly applies to the production of anti-tank submunitions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Gyroscopes (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Munition, vor allem eine Submunition (7) mit einer Ladung (2), die ein Geschoß abschießt, vor allem eine kernerzeugende Ladung, mit der Schußachse Δ und den Mitteln (4) zur Erkennung von Zielen mit mehreren Erkennungsachsen δ1 und δn, die eine auf den Boden bezogene Bewegung erhalten soll, die es der Munition ermöglicht, ein Ziel zu suchen, wobei die Bewegung eine Drehung um die Achse A aufweist und eine Verschiebung der Momentangeschwindigkeit v0, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Zielerkennungsmittel auswählbar sind, und daß sie Mittel (8) umfaßt, die in jedem Zeitpunkt die Auswahl einer Erkennungsachse δi zur Erkennung ermöglichen, bei der die Entfernung E zwischen dem Punkt Mi des Schnittes der Achse δi mit dem Boden (6) und dem Punkt M' des Aufpralls des Geschosses auf den Boden minimal ist.
  2. Munition gemäß dem Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Erkennungsachsen δ1 bis δn der Zielerkennungsmittel bezogen auf die Achse Δ stationär sind.
  3. Munition gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Mittel zur Auswahl der Erkennungsachse δi, bei der der Abstand E minimal ist, Meßmittel (8) enthalten, die es ermöglichen, jederzeit festzulegen, welche Achse δi die am meisten nach vorn zur Munition in die von der Geschwindigkeit v0 des Schwerpunktes der Munition gegebene Richtung liegende Orientierung besitzt.
  4. Munition gemäß dem Anspruch 3, die um eine Drehachse A drehen kann, die bezogen auf die Senkrechte geneigt ist, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Meßmittel (8) ein Telemeter aufweisen, das in der Lage ist, den Abstand der Munition vom Boden (6) zu messen.
  5. Munition gemäß dem Anspruch 3, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Meßmittel (8) ein Gyroskop oder ein Gyrometer enthalten, das es ermöglicht, die Winkelposition bezogen auf den Geschwindigkeitsvektor v0 zu messen.
  6. Munition gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Mittel zur Auswahl der Erkennungsachse δi, bei der der Abstand E minimal ist, Mittel vereinen wie z. B. ein Gyroskop oder ein Gyrometer, die es ermöglichen, die Winkelposition bezogen auf den Geschwindigkeitsvektor v0 des Schwerpunkts der Munition mit Meßmitteln für den Abstand zum Boden und / oder Meßmitteln der Momentangeschwindigkeit v0 ermöglichen.
  7. Munition gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Erkennungsmittel einen einzigen Fühler (40) aufweisen, der eine Mehrzahl von Detektoren (41, 42, 43, 44 enthält), und vor allem ein Mosaik (39) aus Detektoren.
  8. Munition gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Erkennungsachsen δ1 bis δn regelmäßig an ihrem Rand verteilt und im gleichen Winkel bezogen auf die Achse Δ nach außen geneigt sind.
  9. Munition gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß die Zielerkennungsmittel einen einzigen Detektor enthalten, der mit einer Vielzahl von Optiken mit nicht parallelen Achsen verbunden ist.
  10. Munition gemäß dem Anspruch 9, gekennzeichnet dadurch, daß sie eine Blende enthält, die es ermöglicht, den Detektor in jedem Augenblick t durch Strahlen zu erleuchten, die von einer einzigen Optik der Achse δi übertragen werden.
EP93401446A 1992-07-02 1993-06-08 Munition mit Zielerfassungsvorrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP0577450B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR929208141A FR2693265B1 (fr) 1992-07-02 1992-07-02 Munition comportant des moyens de détection de cibles.
FR9208141 1992-07-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0577450A1 EP0577450A1 (de) 1994-01-05
EP0577450B1 true EP0577450B1 (de) 1996-12-04

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EP93401446A Expired - Lifetime EP0577450B1 (de) 1992-07-02 1993-06-08 Munition mit Zielerfassungsvorrichtung

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US (1) US5448500A (de)
EP (1) EP0577450B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2098669C (de)
DE (1) DE69306317T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2693265B1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE508651C2 (sv) * 1995-10-05 1998-10-26 Bofors Ab För eldrörsvapen avsedd granat
DE10207923B4 (de) * 2002-02-23 2005-09-22 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Annäherungssensor, insbesondere für die Zündauslösung des Gefechtskopfes einer Abwehrgranate gegen ein anfliegendes Projektil

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2187825A (en) * 1937-11-02 1940-01-23 United Shoe Machinery Corp Manufacture of shoe heels
US2427463A (en) * 1943-05-10 1947-09-16 Douglas Aircraft Co Inc Apparatus for making computations electrically
NL7503198A (nl) * 1975-03-18 1976-09-21 Bofors Ab Optisch instrument met discontinue brede hoek.
DE2614680A1 (de) * 1975-04-07 1976-10-21 Motorola Inc Verfahren und vorrichtung zur messung des vektors einer minimalen trefferablage
US4356770A (en) * 1979-11-09 1982-11-02 Avco Corporation Overflying munitions device and system
FR2517818A1 (fr) * 1981-12-09 1983-06-10 Thomson Brandt Methode de guidage terminal et missile guide operant selon cette methode
FR2623897B1 (fr) * 1982-05-12 1990-09-28 Trt Telecom Radio Electr Perfectionnement a un dispositif de neutralisation d'objectifs militaires
DE3843006A1 (de) * 1988-12-21 1990-06-28 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Vorrichtung fuer das auffinden und die identifizierung von einzelzielen
US5076511A (en) * 1990-12-19 1991-12-31 Honeywell Inc. Discrete impulse spinning-body hard-kill (disk)
SE468261B (sv) * 1991-04-08 1992-11-30 Bofors Ab Substridsdel anordnad att avskiljas fraan en flygkropp
FR2695992B1 (fr) * 1992-09-21 1994-12-30 Giat Ind Sa Sous munition à effet dirigé.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2693265B1 (fr) 1994-09-16
DE69306317D1 (de) 1997-01-16
CA2098669C (fr) 1997-06-17
CA2098669A1 (fr) 1994-01-03
DE69306317T2 (de) 1997-04-30
EP0577450A1 (de) 1994-01-05
FR2693265A1 (fr) 1994-01-07
US5448500A (en) 1995-09-05

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