EP0574420B1 - Appareil de nettoyage a haute pression - Google Patents

Appareil de nettoyage a haute pression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0574420B1
EP0574420B1 EP92904614A EP92904614A EP0574420B1 EP 0574420 B1 EP0574420 B1 EP 0574420B1 EP 92904614 A EP92904614 A EP 92904614A EP 92904614 A EP92904614 A EP 92904614A EP 0574420 B1 EP0574420 B1 EP 0574420B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
cleaning device
chamber
insert
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92904614A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0574420A1 (fr
Inventor
Robert Nathan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alfred Kaercher SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Alfred Kaercher SE and Co KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alfred Kaercher SE and Co KG filed Critical Alfred Kaercher SE and Co KG
Publication of EP0574420A1 publication Critical patent/EP0574420A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0574420B1 publication Critical patent/EP0574420B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/007—Cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B23/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04B23/04—Combinations of two or more pumps
    • F04B23/08—Combinations of two or more pumps the pumps being of different types
    • F04B23/10—Combinations of two or more pumps the pumps being of different types at least one pump being of the reciprocating positive-displacement type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-pressure cleaning device with a piston pump with a housing in which there is at least one pump chamber which opens via an outlet valve into a pressure chamber arranged in the housing, and with a pressure line emerging therefrom with a constriction for producing a flow-dependent pressure difference upstream or downstream the narrowing.
  • High-pressure cleaning devices of this type are known, in which a branch line emerges downstream of the constriction in the pressure line and is optionally used as a chemical suction line or as a control line for a closing valve of a bypass line.
  • the design effort in known high-pressure cleaning devices of this type is relatively large, since separate control lines are necessary between the pressure line and the individual housing sections and since the housings also have a very complicated shape due to the different housing sections.
  • a cavity is arranged in the housing which is directly connected to the pumping chamber and in which an insert is inserted in a sealed manner and divides the cavity into the pressure chamber facing the pumping chamber and into a suction chamber, and that the suction chamber is connected to the pressure line downstream of the constriction.
  • the housing which is usually produced as a die-cast workpiece, can be made very simple. It is in fact sufficient to provide a single cavity in the housing on the outlet side of the pumping chambers and to insert an insert in a sealed manner into this cavity, which divides the cavity into the pressure chamber and into a suction chamber.
  • the suction chamber can be used for chemical suction and for controlling a bypass line; no additional complicated configurations are necessary on the housing.
  • a chemical suction line opens into the suction chamber. Due to the negative pressure generated in the pressure line, the chemical sucked into the suction chamber via the chemical suction line, this chemical reaches the liquid conveyed through the pressure line via the connection to the pressure line. A special chemical suction line leading into the pressure line is therefore no longer necessary.
  • the chemical suction line is closed with a check valve which can be opened in the inflow direction and which can optionally be spring-loaded. In this way, chemical suction occurs only when the pressure drop across the constriction exceeds a certain value.
  • an injector penetrates the suction chamber in a sealed manner, which is in flow connection with the pressure chamber on the one hand and the pressure line emerging from the housing on the other hand and thus forms part of the pressure line and which is connected to the suction chamber via at least one opening stands.
  • the injector can be inserted, for example, in a sealed manner into an opening that extends through the insert.
  • the injector can be made of plastic.
  • the insert consists of plastic.
  • Such an insert is easier to manufacture than a die-cast part with a complicated structure, and moreover such a part can generally be produced with thinner walls and therefore has a lower weight due to the lighter material and the thinner wall thicknesses.
  • a preferred embodiment is obtained if the housing is divided at the level of the insert and an annular seal which rests on the insert and on the two housing parts is arranged in this area.
  • This ring seal takes on a double task, namely the sealing of the two housing parts against one another and the sealing of the insert against the housing.
  • the housing part which comes into contact with the chemical is made resistant to chemicals, for example by choosing a suitable, higher quality material or by a plastic coating.
  • the rest of the housing, however, which contains the pumping chambers and the pressure chamber can be made in a conventional manner from less resistant material, since this housing part only comes into contact with the pure liquid.
  • a further advantageous embodiment is characterized in that the insert carries an outlet valve for each pump chamber, which is inserted in a sealed manner in a connection between the pump chamber and the pressure chamber.
  • valve seat of the exhaust valve is integrally formed on the insert.
  • valve seat of the outlet valve is designed as a plastic ring which can be inserted in the connecting line between the pumping chamber and the pressure chamber and is held on holding arms of the insert. This facilitates the assembly of the exhaust valve and in particular the use of the valve body.
  • This valve body of the exhaust valve is preferably also made of plastic.
  • outlet valves are held on the insert via holding arms of different lengths, if necessary, so that their distance from all pumping chambers is the same. This ensures that the pump volume of all pumping chambers is the same, nevertheless with the insertion of an insert for all pumping chambers, the equipment with exhaust valves can be carried out simultaneously.
  • a bypass line leads from the pressure chamber in the housing to the suction side of the pumping chambers, a closing valve closing the bypass line opposite the pressure chamber being held on the insert.
  • the valve seat of the closing valve can be formed in one piece with the insert; it can also be inserted into the bypass line in a sealed manner, which means that assembly is also facilitated in this case, since the closing valve is immediately positioned in the bypass line when the insert is inserted.
  • This control piston is actuated by the differential pressure in the pressure chamber and in the suction chamber so that it opens the closing valve as soon as the pressure in the suction chamber exceeds a certain value, as is the case, for example, when the pressure line is closed on the outlet side.
  • a particularly space-saving construction of the pump housing is obtained if all of the pumping chambers are in the housing Connection lines leading pressure chamber and possibly the bypass line are arranged in a plane next to one another and parallel to one another.
  • the pump housing can be made very flat, and this arrangement also makes it possible to use both the closing valve for the bypass line with the associated control piston and the closing valves for all pumping chambers in one operation, namely simply by inserting the insert into the one Casing.
  • the described configuration not only simplifies the construction of the pump housing and reduces the weight and size, but it also results in considerable advantages when assembling such a pump, since complicated moving parts of the pump are preassembled on the insert outside the housing and then as a structural unit can be inserted into the housing.
  • the high-pressure pump shown in the drawing comprises a housing 1 in the form of a plate, which has a fastening flange 2, 3 protruding from the plane of the plate on both opposite end edges.
  • a cavity 4 which is open to the outside and into which a liquid supply line 5 opens.
  • three parallel bores 6 lead through the plate-shaped housing 1 to a cavity 7 arranged in the region of the fastening flange 3, in addition to the bores 6 there is a bypass line 8 leading from the cavity 7 to the cavity 4 in the housing 1, which also runs parallel to the holes 6.
  • Three step blind holes 9 are made in the housing 1 from the top, the center points of which are located on the corner points of an equilateral triangle. Each of these blind holes 9 is connected to one of the holes 6 which penetrate the blind hole 9. Each blind hole 9 forms a pump chamber 10, in each of which a piston 11 is sealed.
  • the pistons 11 are shown in dash-dotted lines in FIG. 1, they are driven to oscillate parallel to their longitudinal axis and in the process plunge more or less deeply into the blind holes 9.
  • the drive can take place, for example, via a swash plate which is not shown in the drawing and which lies against the end faces of the pistons 11.
  • suction valve 12 is inserted in a sealed manner into the bores 6 on the side facing the cavity 4, these suction valves 12 can be designed as independent inserts with a valve seat 13 and a valve body 14, in which the valve body 14 is pressed against the valve seat 13 by means of a spring 15. Sealing with respect to the bore 6 takes place via an O-ring seal 16 which is inserted into a circumferential groove 17 of the suction valve 12.
  • the bore 6 can have a slightly conical widening in the flow direction, so that the suction valve 12 bears against an annular shoulder 18 in the bore 6 (FIG. 2).
  • a cover 19 is placed, which is attached to the mounting flange 3 and closes the cavity 7 of the housing 1. Part of this cavity 7 is located in the cover 19.
  • a bevelled triangular circumferential groove 21 is formed by chamfers on the housing 1 and the cover 19, in which an annular seal 22 is inserted. This is pressed into the circumferential groove 21 by an insert 23 inserted into the cavity 7, the ring seal 22 sealingly abutting the insert 23 over its entire length.
  • the insert 23 thereby divides the cavity 7 into a pressure chamber 24 facing the pumping chambers and into a suction chamber 25 facing away from the pumping chambers 10.
  • the three bores 6 open into the pressure chamber 24 and thus form a connecting line 26 between each pump chamber 10 and the pressure chamber 24.
  • the bypass line 8 branches off from the pressure chamber 24.
  • a pressure line piece 27a emerges from the suction chamber 25, and an injector 28 is inserted in a sealed manner, the other end of which is sealed and inserted into a through opening 29 of the insert 23, so that the injector 28 seals through the suction chamber 25 and establishes a flow connection between the two Pressure chamber 24 and the pressure line piece 27a, this flow connection forms a pressure line 27.
  • the injector has a narrowing of the flow path, and downstream of this narrowing, radial channels 30 connect the suction chamber 25 to the longitudinal channel 31 of the injector 28.
  • the injector 28 is fixed in the longitudinal direction in that its front edges rest against steps 32 and 33 in the pressure line piece 27a and in the insert 23, respectively.
  • a chemical suction line 34 also opens into the suction chamber 25, and a hose 35 of a chemical supply can be plugged onto it. Inside the suction chamber 25, this chemical suction line 34 is closed by a spherical valve body 36, which is pressed by a helical spring 37 against the inner end of the chemical suction line 34.
  • the helical spring 37 is supported on the insert 23 within a sleeve 38.
  • the insert On its side facing the pumping chambers 10, the insert carries a pressure valve 39 for each bore 6.
  • This comprises a ring-shaped valve seat 40, which is inserted into a stepped extension 41 of each bore 6 and is held by holding arms 42 on the insert 23.
  • the annular valve seat 40 can, for example, be held in the clamp seat between a plurality of holding arms 42.
  • the pressure valve each comprises a mushroom-shaped valve body 43, the shaft 44 of which is guided in a longitudinally displaceable manner in a guide 45 on the insert 23 and is pressed with its plate 47 against the valve seat 40 by a coil spring 46 surrounding the guide 45.
  • the holding arms 42 are of different lengths in the different pressure valves, so that the pressure valves maintain the same distance relative to the pressure chambers 24 which are at different distances from the insert 23.
  • a control piston 50 is displaceable in a longitudinally displaceable manner and sealed by means of an annular seal 49, the upper side 51 of which is acted upon by the liquid in the suction chamber 25, the lower side 52 of which the liquid in the pressure chamber 24.
  • the control piston 50 is connected via a shaft 53 to a valve body 54 which bears sealingly on a valve seat 55.
  • This valve seat 55 is sealing in the transition region between the pressure chamber 24 and the bypass line 8 used, it also serves as a support for a compression spring 56 which surrounds the shaft 53 and is supported on the underside 52 of the control piston 50.
  • the control piston 50 can be moved against the action of the compression spring 56 so that the valve body 54 is lifted off the valve seat 55.
  • the valve seat 55 is fixed on the insert 23 via holding arms 57.
  • the insert 23 is preferably designed as a plastic part, and the injector 28, the valve seats 40, the valve body 43, the valve seat 55 and the valve body 54 are preferably made of plastic, the same also applies to the spherical valve body 36. It is advantageous if the insert 23 is formed in one piece with the sleeve 38 and the holding arms 42 and 57; in a preferred embodiment, even the one-piece design is also possible with the valve seats 40 and 55, although for better assembly the valve seats 40 are usually separate on the holding arms 42 parts to be determined are formed.
  • the overall assembly is extremely simplified, although the pump contains a number of complicated small parts after assembly, which are largely movable.
  • the liquid conveyed by the pistons 11 reaches the pressure chamber 24 via the pressure valves 39, from where the liquid exits through the injector 28 into the pressure line 27.
  • a negative pressure is generated on the channels 30, which on the one hand leads to a closure of the valve body 54 in the bypass line 8 and, if a certain negative pressure value is exceeded, also leads to chemical suction through the chemical suction line 34.
  • These sucked chemicals enter via the channels 30 the pressure line 27 and mix with the pumped liquid.
  • the pressure in the suction chamber 25 rises to the maximum value, on the one hand this causes the valve body 36 to close the chemical suction line 34, and on the other hand the control piston 50 is displaced so that the valve body 54 is lifted off the valve seat 55 and the bypass line 8 is released.
  • the opening against the action of the compression spring 56 occurs in that the effective area of the control piston on the underside 52 is less than on the top 51.
  • a pipe socket 58 is formed, which is closed in the illustrated embodiment.
  • a pressure gauge for example, can be connected to this pipe socket 58 after opening.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

Pour réduire l'encombrement, le poids et en particulier les temps de montage pour un appareil de nettoyage à haute pression comportant une pompe à piston avec un carter, dans lequel se trouve au moins une chambre de pompage débouchant par l'intermédiaire d'une soupape de sortie dans une chambre de pression se trouvant dans le carter, et comportant une conduite de refoulement sortant de cette dernière, avec un étranglement pour la création d'une différence de pression en fonction du flux en amont ou en aval de l'étranglement, il est proposé d'avoir dans le carter une cavité communiquant directement avec la chambre de pompage, ladite cavité étant pourvu d'un insert étanche qui la divise en une chambre de pression dirigée vers la chambre de pompage et en une chambre d'aspiration, et de relier la chambre d'aspiration, en aval de l'étranglement, à la conduite de refoulement.

Claims (20)

  1. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression comportant une pompe à pistons avec un corps (1), dans lequel, se trouve au moins une chambre de pompage (10), qui, par l'intermédiaire d'une soupape d'échappement (39), débouche dans une chambre de pression (24) agencée dans le corps (1), et avec une conduite de pression (27) sortant de celle-ci, avec un étranglement pour l'engendrement d'une différence de pression fonction de l'écoulement, en amont ou bien en aval de l'étranglement, caractérisé en ce que dans le corps (1), un espace creux (7), relié directement avec la chambre de pompage (10), est agencé, dans lequel, est inséré de façon étanche un élément d'insertion (23), qui subdivise l'espace creux (7) en la chambre de pression (24) orientée vers la chambre de pompage (10) et en une chambre d'aspiration (25), et en ce que la chambre d'aspiration (25), en aval de l'étranglement -(28), est reliée avec la conduite de pression (27).
  2. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que dans la chambre d'aspiration (25), débouche une conduite d'aspiration de produits chimiques (34).
  3. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la conduite d'aspiration de produits chimiques (34) est obturée avec un clapet antiretour (36, 37) susceptible d'être ouvert dans la direction d'afflux.
  4. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le clapet antiretour (36, 37) pour la conduite d'aspiration de produits chimiques (34) est logé à l'élément d'insertion (23).
  5. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon une des précédentes revendications, caractérisé en ce qu'un injecteur (28) traverse de façon étanche la chambre d'aspiration (27), qui se trouve en liaison d'écoulement, d'une part, avec la chambre de pression (24), et, d'autre part, avec la conduite de pression (27) sortant hors du corps (1), et, par suite, forme une partie de la conduite de pression, et qui, par l'intermédiaire d'une ouverture (30), se trouve en liaison avec la chambre d'aspiration (25).
  6. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'injecteur (28) est maintenu à l'élément d'insertion (23).
  7. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'injecteur (28) est inséré, de façon étanche, dans une ouverture (29) passant à travers l'élément d'insertion (23).
  8. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'injecteur (28) est constitué de matière synthétique.
  9. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon une des précédentes revendications, caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'insertion (23) est constitué de matière synthétique.
  10. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon une des précédentes revendications, caractérisé en ce que le corps (1) est divisé à hauteur de l'élément d'insertion (23), et que dans cette région, est agencé un joint annuaire (22) s'appliquant à l'élément d'insertion (23) et aux deux parties de corps (1, 19).
  11. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon une des précédentes revendications, caractérisé en ce que l'élément d'insertion (23) porte, pour chaque chambre de pompage (10), une soupape d'échappement (39), laquelle est insérée, de façon étanche, dans une liaison entre chambre de pompage (10) et chambre de pression (24).
  12. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le siège de soupape de la soupape d'échappement (39) est conformé d'une seule pièce à l'élément d'insertion (23).
  13. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le siège de soupape (40) de la soupape d'échappement (39) est constitué comme bague de matières synthétique, susceptible d'être insérée de façon étanche dans la conduite de liaison (26), entre chambre de pompage (10) et chambre de pression (24), qui est maintenue aux bras de maintien (42) de l'élément d'insertion (23).
  14. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le corps de soupape (43) de la soupape d'échappement (39) est constitué de matière synthétique.
  15. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que les soupapes d'échappement (39) sont ainsi maintenues à l'élément d'insertion (23), par, le cas échéant, des bras de maintien (42) de longueur différente, que leur espacement de toutes les chambres de pompage (10) est identique.
  16. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon une des précédentes revendications, caractérisé en ce qu'une conduite de dérivation (8) conduit de la chambre de pression (24) dans le corps (1) au côté d'aspiration de la chambre de pompage (10), et en ce qu'à l'élément d'insertion (23), est maintenue une soupape d'obturation (54, 55) obturant la conduite de dérivation (8) par rapport à la chambre de pression (24).
  17. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que le siège de soupape (55) de la soupape d'obturation est constitué d'une seule pièce avec l'élément d'insertion (23).
  18. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon la revendication 16 ou la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que le siège de soupape (55) de la soupape d'obturation est introduit en glissant, de façon étanche, dans la conduite de dérivation (8).
  19. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon une des revendications 16 à 18, caractérisé en ce que dans une ouverture (48) de l'élément d'insertion (23) reliant la chambre de pression (24) avec la chambre d'aspiration (25), est logé un piston de commande (50), de façon étanche et translatable, qui est relié avec le corps de soupape (54) de la soupape d'obturation.
  20. Appareil de nettoyage à haute pression selon une des précédentes revendications, caractérisé en ce que dans le corps (1), toutes les conduites de liaison (26) conduisant des chambres de pompage (10) à la chambre de pression (24) et, le cas échéant, la conduite de dérivation (8) sont agencées dans un plan, à côté les unes des autres et parallèles les unes aux autres.
EP92904614A 1991-03-05 1992-02-14 Appareil de nettoyage a haute pression Expired - Lifetime EP0574420B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4106956 1991-03-05
DE4106956 1991-03-05
PCT/EP1992/000325 WO1992015783A2 (fr) 1991-03-05 1992-02-14 Appareil de nettoyage a haute pression

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0574420A1 EP0574420A1 (fr) 1993-12-22
EP0574420B1 true EP0574420B1 (fr) 1995-04-26

Family

ID=6426493

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92904614A Expired - Lifetime EP0574420B1 (fr) 1991-03-05 1992-02-14 Appareil de nettoyage a haute pression

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0574420B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59202039D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0574420T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992015783A2 (fr)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4758135A (en) * 1986-12-30 1988-07-19 Weatherford U.S., Inc. Pump head
DE4001418A1 (de) * 1990-01-19 1991-07-25 Buchen Smb Gmbh Hochdruckpumpe fuer hochdruckwasserstrahlmaschinen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0574420T3 (da) 1995-07-03
EP0574420A1 (fr) 1993-12-22
WO1992015783A2 (fr) 1992-09-17
WO1992015783A3 (fr) 1992-10-29
DE59202039D1 (de) 1995-06-01

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